AGTERGROND: Spiritualiteit is 'n multidimensionele konsep wat die nastrewing van 'n persoon se algemene welsyn en gesondheid omvat, wat geïntegreerdheid met die self, ander, natuur en die bomenslike insluit. Spiritualiteit in die werkplek sluit die integrasie van spiritualiteit in organisatoriese en werksdinamika in. Doel Hierdie sistematiese literatuuroorsig het empiriese navorsingsbewyse verkry en gesintetiseer om die invloed en ervaring van waargenome spiritualiteit by die werk op werkers in die Suid-Afrikaanse werkplek te verken. METODOLOGIE: Die sistematiese literatuurstudieplan is op die Open Science Framework geregistreer. Sleutelwoordsoektogte is gedoen, en studies is gesif met behulp van die Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses- (PRISMA) proses en -kontrolelys. Spesifieke in- en uitsluitingskriteria het die tweede sifting en keuring van artikels gelei. Een-en-dertig (31) artikels pas by die spesifieke kriteria vir insluiting in die oorsig. Relevante data is onttrek deur tematiese analise te gebruik. BEVINDINGE/RESULTATE: Die respondente in die verskillende studies het oor openbare en private sektore gestrek en verskeie beroepe en etnisiteite ingesluit. Die artikels wat nagegaan is, het aangedui dat die persepsie van spiritualiteit in die werkplek gemanifesteer het in 'n verskeidenheid konstrukte en konsepte, wat individuele, groeps- en organisatoriese vlakke positief beïnvloed. Die oorsig het aangedui dat genuanseerde kontekstuele verskille 'n rol in die ervaring van spiritualiteit in die Suid-Afrikaanse werkplek kan speel. PRAKTIESE IMPLIKASIES: Die literatuuroorsig stel potensiële konstrukte voor om werkplekspiritualiteit in Suid-Afrika te verstaan, met toekomstige navorsingspotensiaal vir die bou van 'n raamwerk wat 'n pluralistiese model van spiritualiteit by die werk bevorder. OORSPRONKLIKHEID/WAARDE: Begrip van spiritualiteit in die Suid-Afrikaanse werkskonteks kan daartoe bydra om produktiewer en gesonder organisasies tot stand te bring. Data wat voorsien is, skep ook 'n basis vir die ontwikkeling van 'n potensiële raamwerk vir die implementering van spiritualiteit in Suid-Afrikaanse organisasies.

BACKGROUND: Spirituality is a multi-dimensional concept that involves a person's pursuit of well-being through connections with oneself, others, nature, and the transcendent. Spirituality in the workplace encompasses the integration of spirituality into organisational and work dynamics. PURPOSE: This systematic literature review sourced and synthesised empirical research evidence to explore the influence and experience of perceived spirituality in the workplace on workers in the South African workplace. METHODOLOGY: The systematic literature review plan was registered on the Open Science Framework. Keyword searches were conducted, and studies were screened following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) process and checklist. Specific inclusion and exclusion criteria informed the second screening and review of articles. Thirty-one articles fit the specific criteria for inclusion in the review. Relevant data was extracted using thematic analysis. FINDINGS/RESULTS: The respondents in the various studies spanned public and private sectors, encompassing various professions and ethnicities. The articles reviewed indicated that the perception of spirituality in the workplace manifested in a variety of constructs and concepts, positively influencing and impacting individual, group, and organisational levels. The review indicated that nuanced contextual differences may play a role in the experience of spirituality in the South African workplace. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The literature review suggests potential constructs for understanding workplace spirituality in South Africa, with future research potential for constructing a framework fostering a pluralistic model of spirituality at work. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: Understanding spirituality in the South African work context could assist in bringing about more productive and healthy organisations. Provided data also forms a basis for developing a potential framework for implementing spirituality in South African organisations.

Metal casting manufacturers are increasingly adopting three-dimensional printing in their workflows as a way to remain competitive. Despite all the innovative development, strict environmental regulations and the intrinsic value of sand still make the recycling of waste sand an essential matter to consider when implementing the rapid sand-casting process. During the printing of the furan-bonded sand cores using binder jetting processes, waste sand is produced. This paper investigates the possibility of mechanically reclaiming the waste sand generated during the printing of sand cores. In this study, waste furan-bonded sand that was generated by three-dimensional printing using the Voxeljet VX 1000 printer was collected from the Vaal University of Technology. The collected waste sand was first characterised before being mechanically reclaimed using dry attrition, followed by dry screening and wet attrition, which involved washing the waste sand in a liquid solution of water and isopropyl alcohol. The results showed that mechanical reclamation using wet attrition is more effective in removing the residual binder in the sand than mechanical reclamation using dry attrition.

Metaalgietvervaardigers neem toenemend driedimensionele drukwerk in hul werkvloeie aan as 'n manier om mededingend te bly. Ten spyte van al die innoverende ontwikkeling, maak streng omgewingsregulasies en die intrinsieke waarde van sand steeds die herwinning van afvalsand 'n noodsaaklike saak om in ag te neem wanneer die vinnige sandgietproses gei'mplementeer word. Tydens die druk van die furaangebonde sandkerne met behulp van bindmiddelstraalprosesse, word afvalsand geproduseer. Hierdie artikel ondersoek die moontlikheid om die afvalsand wat tydens die druk van sandkerne gegenereer word, meganies te herwin. In hierdie studie is afval-furaangebonde sand wat gegenereer is deur driedimensionele drukwerk met behulp van die Voxeljet VX 1000-drukker van die Vaal Universiteit van Tegnologie afgehaal. Die versamelde afvalsand is eers gekarakteriseer voordat dit meganies herwin is deur droe afslyting, gevolg deur droe sifting en nat afslyting, wat behels het dat die afvalsand in 'n vloeibare oplossing van water en isopropylalkohol gewas is. Die resultate het getoon dat meganiese herwinning met nat afslyting meer effektief is om die oorblywende bindmiddel in die sand te verwyder as meganiese herwinning met droe afslyting.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare the characteristics of flakes rice made pigmented and non-pigmented glutinous rice grain on chemical composition, fatty acid, amino acid, dietary fiber, and antioxidant properties. Flakes glutinous rice (FGR) made glutinous rice grain that has been pre-roasted and then flattened. This product contains an endosperm and rice bran layer. So that, it is rich in nutrients and bioactive compounds that have antioxidant properties that are beneficial to health. The process of making flakes rice is carried out in four stages, that is the process of soaking, roasting, flattening, and sifting process. The grain used in this study are pigmented (red and black) and non-pigmented glutinous rice grains. The results showed that black FGR contained higher ash content, crude protein, dietary fiber, total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, γ-oryzanol, anthocyanins, and antioxidants activity. Meanwhile, white FGR is highest in fat, carbohydrate, and amylose content amongst others. Furthermore, FGR is rich in essential fatty acids (oleic and linoleic), glutamic acid, essential amino acids (Leucine, Arginine, and Phenylalanine). In conclusion, pigmented FGR has higher nutritional value, antioxidant properties, and antioxidants activity than non-pigmented FGR.

Resumen Este artículo ofrece una biografía crítica que revela ciertas intersecciones y divisiones históricas entre el arte y la ciencia occidentales y señala momentos específicos en los que han trabajado juntos a través de una versión excluyente del humanismo liberal. Esta versión del humanismo liberal a menudo se construyó a través de la deshumanización de las mujeres, las personas de color, las personas con discapacidades y las minorías sexuales que fueron relegadas a lo no humano, lo casi humano, lo animal o lo monstruoso. Como parte de los métodos, ofrece una genealogía crítica, tamizando los vestigios culturales del arte, la ciencia, la filosofía, la medicina, los atlas, las ilustraciones, los discursos coloniales y eugenésicos, las teorías feministas, queer y poscoloniales, y la cultura visual para recuperar y reconstruir conexiones específicas entre el arte y la ciencia en diferentes períodos históricos (desde finales del siglo XV hasta el presente). Al llamar la atención sobre el hecho de que “lo humano” ha sido un significante cambiante e inestable, este artículo concluye que tanto las artes como las ciencias occidentales tienen la capacidad de ayudar a co-construir la humanidad mediante la formulación de nuevos ensamblajes más equitativos o el poder de magnificar las ya existentes disparidades de poder.

Abstract This paper offers a critical biography revealing certain historical intersections and divisions between Western art and science and points to specific moments where they have worked together through an exclusionary version of liberal humanism. This version of liberal humanism was often constructed through the dehumanization of women, people of color, people with disabilities and sexual minorities who were relegated to the non-human, the almost human, the animal or the monstrous. As part of the methods, it offers a critical genealogy, sifting through the cultural vestiges of art, science, philosophy, medicine, atlases, illustrations, colonial and eugenic discourses, feminist, queer, and postcolonial theories, and visual culture in order to recover and reconstruct specific connections between art and science in different historical periods (from the late 1400so the present). By drawing attention to the fact that “the human” has been a shifting and unstable signifier, this paper concludes that both Western art and science have the ability to help co-construct humanity by formulating new more equitable assemblages or the power to magnify already existing power disparities.

Resumo Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar a utilização da termografia infravermelha em paredes de alvenaria no auxílio do desempenho térmico. Foi realizado uma revisão sistemática através de pesquisa com busca automática e snow-balling, seleção e peneiramento dos artigos para restringir os artigos ao tema desejado. Após isto, foi estudado sobre a termografia infravermelha nas manifestações patológicas, as propriedades térmicas e seu comportamento, pontes térmicas, diferença de temperatura e infiltrações de ar. De uma forma geral é necessário ter alguns cuidados durante a execução dos experimentos e medições. Ademais foi mostrado que a termografia infravermelha é uma técnica complexa e precisa de ser utilizada.

Abstract This article aims to present the influence of infrared thermography on masonry walls to detect pathological manifestations. A systematic review was carried out through research with automatic search and snow-balling, selection and sifting of articles to restrict them to the desired theme. After that, infrared thermography in the pathological manifestations was studied along with the thermal properties and their behavior, thermal bridges, temperature difference and air infiltrations. In general, some care must be taken during the execution of experiments and measurements. It has also been shown that infrared thermography is a complex technique and should be used.

Resumen Este artículo tiene por objetivo presentar la influencia de la termografía infrarroja en paredes de albañilería para detectar manifestaciones patológicas. Se realizó una revisión sistemática a través de investigación con búsqueda automática y snow-balling, selección y cribado de los artículos para restringir los artículos al tema deseado. Después de esto, fue estudiado sobre la termografía infrarroja en las manifestaciones patológicas, las propiedades térmicas y su comportamiento, puentes térmicos, diferencia de temperatura e infiltraciones de aire. En general es necesario tener algunos cuidados durante la ejecución de los experimentos y mediciones. Además, se ha demostrado que la termografía infrarroja es una técnica compleja y precisa de ser utilizada.

RESUMEN El Bosque Seco Tropical (bs-T) es uno de los biomas más diversos y amenazados de Colombia. Hay poca información de la riqueza del orden Pseudoscorpiones (Arachnida) en este ecosistema en el país. En aspectos ecológicos, los pseudoescorpiones son interesantes ya que son indicadores potenciales de la conservación del hábitat. Sin embargo, es necesario reunir más conocimientos relacionados con su variación espacio-temporal. En este estudio se evaluó la variación de la diversidad de seudoescorpiones en dos fragmentos del Bosque Seco Tropical en la región del Caribe de Colombia: Reserva Campesina La Montaña (RCM) y Reserva La Flecha (RLF). Para lograr esto, se realizaron cuatro muestreos entre marzo y septiembre de 2016 para incluir la estación seca y lluviosa. Los seudoescorpiones se recolectaron utilizando cernido de hojarasca (SL) y captura manual (MC). Un total de 260 individuos pertenecientes a cinco familias y ocho especies fueron recolectados. La más abundante fue Pachyolpium granulatum (Olpiidae) y la familia más rica fue Chernetidae. Los métodos de recolección demostraron ser efectivos y complementarios. La variación espacial fue significativa, pero no se observó variación temporal. Sin embargo, hubo una marcada diferencia entre la abundancia en RCM en la estación seca y en la estación lluviosa. En contraste, en RLF la mayoría de los individuos se encontraron en la estación seca en comparación con la estación lluviosa. Estos nuevos datos faunísticos son los primeros de su orden en los departamentos de Atlántico y Bolívar.

ABSTRACT The Dry Tropical Forest (DTF) is one of the most diverse yet threatened biomes of Colombia. There is limited information about the richness of the order Pseudoscorpiones (Arachnida) in this ecosystem in the country. Pseudoscorpions are ecologically interesting, as they may be good indicators of habitat conservation. However, it is still necessary to gather more knowledge related to its spatio-temporal variation. In this study, pseudoscorpion diversity variation was assessed in two fragments of the Dry Tropical Forest in the Caribbean region of Colombian: Reserva Campesina La Montaña (RCM) and Reserva La Flecha (RLF). Four samplings were carried out between March and September of 2016 to include the dry and rainy season. Pseudoscorpions were collected using litter sifting (SL) and manual capture (MC). A total of 260 individuals belonging to five families and eight species were collected. The most abundant was Pachyolpium granulatum (Olpiidae) and the richest family was Chernetidae. The collection methods were effective and complementary. Spatial variation was significant, but no temporal variation was observed however, there was a marked difference between the abundance at RCM in the dry season and the rainy season. In contrast, at RLF most individuals were found in the dry season in comparison with the rainy season. These new faunistic data is the first of its order in the Atlántico and Bolívar department.

There are endemic species exist in the Pinar del Rio municipality, Cuba. That in one season of the year birds and pigs take advantage of their fruits for their feeding. They are developed in different ecosystems, presenting different characteristic in the period of fructification. Among these species the Cordia collococca is used for the farmers to feed hens and pigs. It was carried out the gathering of their fruits, in "El avioncito" locality later pulping and watery and alcoholic extracts were prepared, used to carry out rehearsals of sifting phytochemical in function of determinate the presence of secondary metabolites. It was weighed 5 grams of the sample, they were added 50 mL of alcohol and reflowed. They were identified in abundance alkaloids, reducers’ compounds, free aminoacids, flavonoids and mucilage and japonicas in smaller proportion. Also they were carried out acceptability rehearsals of the foods in substitution birds of 34 days. The period of adaptation began with the observation method during four weeks. The acceptability tests allowed evaluate in a short time the preference of the food, providing fast and sharp results. In the conclusions we realize that present active principles in the extracts show a low toxicity, what allows contining their development for their evaluation like a conventional alimentary alternative

Existen especies endémicas en el municipio Pinar del Río, Cuba, que en una época del año las aves y los cerdos aprovechan sus frutos para su alimentación.Estas se desarrollan silvestres en diferentes ecosistemas, presentando características diferentes en cuanto al periodo de fructificación. Dentro de estas especies se encuentra la Cordia collococca, utilizada por campesinos para alimentar gallinas y cerdos. Los frutos fueron colectados en la localidad "El avioncito", posteriormente se despulparon y se llevó a cabo la preparación de los extractos acuosos y alcohólicos, utilizados para realizar ensayos de tamizaje fitoquímico en función de determinar la presencia de metabolitos secundarios. Se pesaron 5 gramos de la muestra, se le adicionaron 50 mL de alcohol y se reflujaron. Se identificaron en abundancia alcaloides, azúcares reductores, aminoácidos libres, flavonoides y en menor proporción mucilago y saponinas. También se realizaron ensayos de aceptabilidad del alimento en aves de reemplazo camperos de 34 días. Se inició el periodo de adaptación por el método de observación durante cuatro semanas. La prueba de aceptabilidad permitió evaluar a corto tiempo la preferencia del alimento, proporcionando pronósticos rápidos y certeros de los resultados. Se concluyó que los principios activos presentes en los extractos presentan una baja toxicidad, lo que permite continuar su desarrollo para su evaluación como alternativa alimentaria no convencional

Se analizó la variación espacio-temporal de la diversidad de Reduviidae (Hemiptera) en tres fragmentos de BST (Reserva Campesina la Montaña= RCM, La Esmeralda= L.E y Puerto Colombia= P.Col) en el departamento del Atlántico entre noviembre (2012) a junio (2013). En cada fragmento se diseñó un transecto de 600 m de largo, donde se marcaron 10 puntos distanciados 50 m y se realizó la captura de los Reduviidae con red de perturbación de follaje, cernido de hojarasca y recolecta manual. En este mismo transecto, se colocaron cuatro trampas de luz (dos blanca y dos violeta) distanciadas 150 m. Se capturaron 265 individuos distribuidos en 19 géneros y nueve subfamilias, de las cuales la más diversa (7 géneros) fue Harpactorinae, lo que representa el 37% de la riqueza total. El género más abundante fue Zelurus Hahn con 143 individuos, el cual presentó una correlación significativa y directa con las precipitaciones y mostró estacionalidad con la llegada de las lluvias en el área de estudio. Por otro lado, la mayor riqueza de Reduviidae se presentó en el fragmento de L.E y RCM con 13 géneros cada uno, mientras que la mayor abundancia (155) se presentó en mayo. La composición de Reduviidae presentó variación espacio-temporal en los fragmentos de BST del departamento del Atlántico, demostrándose que los géneros de esta familia dependen tanto de la disponibilidad de microhábitats, recursos alimenticios y los cambios fenológicos en la vegetación en este tipo de ecosistema.

The variation of diversity of Reduviidae (Hemiptera) in three fragments of Tropical Dry Forest (Reserva Campesina La Montaña= RCM, La Esmeralda= L.E and Puerto Colombia= P.Col) from November 2012 to June 2013 in the department of Atlántico was analyzed. A lineal transect of 600 m was installed in each fragment. Ten points were marked and separated every 50 m. The Reduviidae were collected those points using hitting (agitation of bushes), sifting of leaf litter and manual gathering. Four light traps were also installed (two white and two purple) every 150 meters. Two hundred and sixty-five specimens were captured. They represented 19 genera and 9 subfamilies. The most diverse subfamily was the Harpactorinae with 37% of the total 143. The Zelurus Hahn was the most common genera with 143 specimens which was directly related to the rainy season in the area. On the other hand, the L.E and the RCM fragments had the highest population of Reduviidae with 13 genera in each one. The highest population was in May with 155 specimens. The composition of Reduviidae varied during the time and through the space in the DTF fragments in the department of Atlantico which shows that this family depend on micro-habitat availability, food sources and changes in the vegetation in the these ecosystems.

We describe an autonomous, fully functional implementation of the BB84 quantum key distribution protocol using open source hardware microcontrollers for the synchronization, communication, key sifting and real-time key generation diagnostics. The quantum bits are prepared in the polarization of weak optical pulses generated with light emitting diodes, and detected using a sole single-photon counter and a temporally multiplexed scheme. The system generates a shared cryptographic key at a rate of 365 bps, with a raw quantum bit error rate of 2.7%. A detailed description of the peripheral electronics for control, driving and communication between stages is released as supplementary material. The device can be built using simple and reliable hardware and it is presented as an alternative for a practical realization of sophisticated, yet accessible quantum key distribution systems.

RESUMO Este trabalho apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa experimental que objetivou estudar o comportamento mecânico de uma mistura betuminosa a frio sob efeitos de cargas estáticas e repetidas. Após a caracterização dos agregados e do ligante empregados na pesquisa, efetuou-se a mistura, a partir da dosagem Marshall, obtendo o teor de projeto equivalente a 8,5% de emulsão. Nesse teor de emulsão, moldaram-se várias amostras, que foram submetidas aos ensaios de módulo de resiliência, resistência à tração por compressão diametral e fadiga. A caracterização dos agregados e do ligante mostrou-se concordante com vários estudos, exceto o resíduo da peneiração, que não atendeu à exigência do IBP (1999). Para os ensaios com as misturas asfálticas, empregaram-se três corpos de prova, pesando cada um deles cerca de 1.200 g, compactados com 75 golpes em cada uma de suas faces. Observou-se que a estabilidade e a fluência Marshall de 620 kgf e de 4,20 mm, respectivamente, superaram o limite mínimo recomendado na especificação de serviço do DNIT (2010a). Com relação aos ensaios de módulo de resiliência e de resistência à tração por compressão diametral, obtiveram-se os valores de 1.616 MPa e 0,44 MPa, respectivamente, quando se verificou que os resultados foram bem inferiores aos encontrados em misturas a quente. Esse mesmo comportamento foi observado no ensaio de fadiga que, na maioria dos níveis de tensão aplicados, foi inferior a 1.000 aplicações do carregamento.

ABSTRACT This paper presents the results of an experimental study that aimed to study the mechanical behavior of a cold bituminous mixture under effects of static and repeated loads. After the characterization of the aggregates and the binder employed in the study, it was performed the mixture from the dosage Marshall, obtaining the equivalent project content of 8.5% emulsion. In this emulsion content, several samples were shaped and subjected to the tests of resilient modulus, tensile strength by diametrical compression and fatigue. The characterization of aggregates and binder proved to be consistent with several studies, except the residue of the sifting that did not meet the requirement ofIBP (1999). For tests with the asphalt mixtures, three specimens were employed, each weighing about 1,200 g, compacted with 75 blows on each of their faces. It was observed that the Marshall stability and creep of 620 kgf and 4.20mm, respectively, exceeded the minimum threshold recommended by the service specification DNIT (2010a). With regard to tests of resilience modulus and tensile strength by diametral compression, values of 1,616 MPa and 0.44 MPa were obtained, respectively, verifying that the results were much lower than those found for hot mixtures. The same behavior was observed for the fatigue test that, for most levels of stress applied, was inferior to 1000 applications of loading.

Se analizó la variación temporal de la composición y estructura de la araneofauna en la Reserva Campesina La Montaña (RCM), departamento del Atlántico, Colombia. Se realizaron 10 muestreos entre noviembre de 2012 y agosto del 2013, con el fin de abarcar las épocas seca y de lluvias. Se delimitó un transecto lineal de 500 m de largo por 20 m de ancho, donde se marcaron 10 puntos de muestreo distanciados 50 m. En cada uno las arañas fueron capturadas empleando los métodos de captura manual (CM), agitación del follaje (AF), cernido de hojarasca (CH) y trampa de caída (TC). Se capturaron 1.866 individuos distribuidos en 32 familias, destacándose Araneidae como la más abundante con 525 individuos (28,1%), seguida por Salticidae y Lycosidae con 407 (21,8%) y 173 individuos (9,27%) respectivamente. La primera familia presentó su mayor abundancia en mayo (108), mientras que Salticidae presentó el mayor valor en enero (69) y Lycosidae en febrero con 33 individuos. Con respecto a la riqueza, los mayores valores se presentaron en junio (25) y diciembre con 22 familias. Adicionalmente, se registraron ocho gremios, de los cuales el más abundante (567 individuos) fue las constructoras de telas orbiculares (CTO), presentándose el mayor valor en mayo; mientras que las cursoriales del suelo (CS) fueron las más diversas (10 familias), siendo enero, febrero y junio los meses con mayor (8) número de familias. Estos resultados demuestran que las comunidades de arañas en la zona presentan un patrón temporal que depende de los cambios estacionales que se dan en el Bosque Seco Tropical.

The temporary variation of the composition and structure of arachnofauna in the Reserva Campesina La Montaña (RCM), department of Atlántico, Colombia was analyzed. Ten samples were taken between November 2012 and August 2013 in order to cover the dry and rainy seasons. A 500 m long, 20 m wide linear transect was delimited, where 10 sampling points spaced 50 m from each other were marked. In each sampling point, spiders were collected using manual capture methods (MC), agitation foliage (AF), litter sifting (LS) and pitfall trap (PT). A total of 1,866 individuals distributed in 32 families were captured. The family Araneidae was the most abundant with 525 individuals (28.1%), followed by Salticidae and Lycosidae with 407 (21.8%) and 173 individuals (9.27%) respectively. The first family showed its greater abundance in May (108), while Salticidae showed the highest value in January (69) and Lycosidae in February with 33 individuals. With regard to the family richness, the highest values occurred in June (25) and December with 22 families recorded. Additionally eight guilds were observed from which the most abundant (567 individuals) were the orb weaving (OW) constructors, with the highest value in May while cursorial soil spiders (CS) were the most diverse (10 families), being January, February and June the months with the greatest number of families (8). These results demonstrate that the spider communities in the area present a temporal pattern that depends on seasonal changes that occur in the Dry Tropical Forest.

ABSTRACT Soil invertebrates are studied by a number of methods. Here we used zoological methods (soil sampling, pitfall trapping, litter sifting, and hand collecting) to sample centipede communities in four floodplain forests (Czech Republic, Europe) and compared the efficiency of these methods. Heat-extraction from soil samples was the most effective, followed by pitfall trapping. The centipedes found by us can be divided into five ecological groups: 1) larger, abundant lithobiomorphs, 2) larger, scarcer lithobiomorphs, 3) smaller, soil lithobiomorphs, 4) abundant geophilomorphs, and 5) scarcer geophilomorphs.

Se presentan los resultados acerca del ensamblaje de hormigas de un fragmento de Bosque Seco Tropical secundario localizado en el Jardín Botánico de Cali. Se escogieron dos hábitats: el fragmento de bosque y su matriz de potrero. Se realizaron muestreos mensuales por seis meses, usando un transecto lineal de 100 m, con 10 estaciones distanciadas 10 m. En cada estación se aplicaron diferentes técnicas de muestreo: trampas pitfall; cebo epígeo y arbóreo; cernido y extracción de 1 m² de hojarasca y captura manual. Se determinó la riqueza, abundancia y diversidad de hormigas por hábitat. Se calcularon los coeficientes de correlación y de regresión entre la temperatura, la humedad relativa y la riqueza de hormigas. Se colectó un total de 13 170 hormigas, agrupadas en 55 especies, 35 géneros y seis subfamilias. El bosque presentó la mayor riqueza de especies con el 90.9%. Esta riqueza se constituye en una valiosa contribución a la conservación de la mirmecofauna del Valle del Cauca. A pesar de que el bosque se encuentra en un proceso de regeneración y que su matriz está fuertemente perturbada por constantes incendios e intervención humana, la riqueza de especies de hormigas muestra que este es una fuente de recursos biológicos muy valiosa para la conservación de las especies.

The ant assemblages of a fragment of secondary tropical dry forest located in the Botanical Garden of Cali are presented. Two habitats were chosen: a fragment of forest and a pasture matrix. Samples were taken monthly for six months, using a linear transect of 100 m, with 10 stations spaced 10 m. At each station pitfall traps, epigeal bait and arboreal, sifting and removal of 1 m² of litter and manual capture survey techniques were applied. Richness, abundance and diversity of ant habitats were determined. Correlation coefficients and regression between temperature, relative humidity and richness of ants were calculated. A total of 13 170 ants representing 55 species, 35 genera and six subfamilies were collected. The forest had the highest species richness with 90.9%. This wealth of diversity indicates the conservation value of the Valle del Cauca myrmecofauna. Although the forest is in the process of regeneration, strongly disturbed by constant fire and human intervention, the ant species richness shows that it remains an invaluable source of biological resources for the conservation of species.

Con el objetivo de examinar la fauna de hormigas y escarabajos Carabidae asociada al suelo de pastizales, matorrales, cañadas y bosque primario en el piedemonte del Parque Nacional Natural Farallones de Cali, Colombia se hicieron muestreos utilizando el método de cernido de hojarasca y saco Winkler. Se evaluaron la abundancia, riqueza y se realizó un análisis de especies indicadoras para el grupo de las hormigas. Se encontró un total de 4524 hormigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) pertenecientes a 89 morfoespecies y 30 carábidos (Coleoptera: Carabidae) de cuatro especies. El bosque fue el ambiente más rico y diverso para hormigas (55 especies) seguido por la cañada (44 spp.), matorral (43 spp.) y pastizal (19 spp.) con una tendencia similar para Carabidae (2, 3, 2 y 0 especies, respectivamente). La especie de hormiga más abundante fue Wasmannia auropunctata, mientras que en Carabidae fue Notiobia sp. Se hallaron 11 especies de hormigas que podrían funcionar como indicadoras ambientales. Poco se puede decir de la fauna de carábidos, puesto que el número de individuos fue relativamente bajo, sin embargo, las especies encontradas ofrecen una primera aproximación al inventario de este grupo, para esta localidad en particular. Nuestros hallazgos apoyan la hipótesis que actividad antropogénica manifestada en la potrerización de la zona, es degenerativa para la diversidad de la mirmecofauna silvestre en esta vital zona de amortiguación del Parque Nacional Natural Farallones de Cali.

With the aim of examining the ants and carabid beetles fauna associated to the soil of grasslands, scrublands, glens and primary forest at the National Natural Park Farallones de Cali piedmont, Colombia leaf litter sifting samplings using the Winkler sac extraction method were carried out. Both, richness and abundance were evaluated and an analysis of indicator species for the ants group was done. A total of 4524 ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) belonging to 89 species and 30 carabids (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from four species were found. Forest was the most diverse and richest habitat (55 species) followed by glen (44 spp.), scrubland (43 spp.) and pasture (19 spp.) with a similar trend for Carabidae (2, 3, 2 and 0 species, respectively). The most abundant ant species was Wasmannia auropunctata, while for carabidae it was Notiobia sp. Eleven ant species could function as habitat indicators. Little can be said about the carabid fauna, due to a relatively low number of individuáis, nevertheless, the species found do offer a first approach to the species inventory of this group for this particular locality. Our findings support the hypothesis that anthropogenic activity associated to the increase of pastures is deletereous for the diversity of the myrmecofauna from the Natural National Park Farallones of Cali's buffer zone.

A farinha de peixe é um ingrediente muito utilizado na alimentação animal, apresenta um perfil ideal de aminoácidos essenciais, é rico em energia, ácidos graxos essenciais, vitaminas e minerais, com uma digestibilidade proteica acima de 80% para os camarões peneídeos. Na alimentação humana, está sendo estudada a utilização da farinha de pescado em salgadinhos, bolos, pães e bolachas. A adição enriquece a farinha com cálcio, fósforo, ferro, proteínas, e especialmente com ácidos graxos da série ômega 3. O eicosapentaenoico atua reduzindo riscos de doenças cardíacas e possuem ações antitrombóticas e anti-inflamatórias. O ácido docosahexaenoico e o araquidônico são fundamentais na formação de tecidos nervosos e na visão das crianças, além de serem necessários para gestantes. A farinha de resíduos de filetagem de peixes caracteriza-se por um alto conteúdo de matéria mineral, o que pode promover a eutrofização e comprometer a qualidade da água na aquicultura. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a redução do conteúdo de fósforo nas farinhas de resíduo de peixe produzidas comercialmente por meio de peneiragem em diferentes malhas (0,60 - 1,00 -1,18 - 1,40 - 2,36 e 3,35mm). Foram realizadas coletas mensais de uma indústria de farinha de pescado por um período de 24 meses. As amostras foram fracionadas nas peneiras e a composição proximal das frações resultantes foi comparada com a farinha integral. A maior redução de fósforo total (32%) e cinzas (36%), além da maior elevação proteica (20%) ocorreram no fracionamento com a menor malha (0,60mm). A composição média do resíduo proveniente das peneiras foi de 47,04% de cinzas, 5,56% de fósforo total e 39,45% de proteína, indicando que o resíduo do fracionamento também pode ser comercializado como suplemento mineral e proteico.

Fish meal is widely included in animal feed because it contains ideal essential amino acids profile, it is rich in energy, essential fatty acids, vitamins and minerals and with >80% apparent protein digestibility in peneid shrimp. In human nutrition, studies are investigating the inclusion of fish meal in snacks, cakes, breads and cookies, as an enrichment in calcium, phosphorus, iron, protein and, especially, omega-3 fatty acids. Omega-3 fatty acids reduces heart diseases and have antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory properties (eicosapentaenoic acid), and are essential to the formation of brain tissue and retina in infants and are important during pregnancy and lactation (docosahexaenoic acid). Fish meal produced from fish waste is rich in minerals (phosphorus), which may cause eutrophication and impair water quality in aquaculture. The aim of this study was to reduce phosphorus content from commercial fish meal produced from waste by sifting (0.60 - 1.00 - 1.18 - 1.40 - 2.36 and 3.35mm mesh sizes). Fish meal samples were collected monthly for 24 months. Proximate composition of subsamples per mesh size was compared to the unsieved sample. Results indicate that sifting through a 0.60mm sieve total phosphorus and ash contents were reduced up to 32% and 36%, respectively, further to increase protein content up to 20%. Average composition of the subsamples was 47.04% ash, 5.56% of total phosphorus and 39.45% protein, suggesting that the residue of the fractionation may be marketed as a mineral and protein supplement.