The Schröeder-van Laar equation to predict the theoretical eutectic melting temperature values was applied to a set of fourteen binary mixtures (UR1 to UR14). The fourteen binary mixtures belong to a structurally diverse group of organic molecules. They are represented by the 5-membered heterocycles containing N-S and N-O rings, flexible methylene chains (RH), semi-rigid semi-fluorinated chains (RF), and hydrogen bonds (HB). A virtual screening totalizing ninety-one possible theoretical combinations was planned. The UR1 to UR14 were prepared by mixing individual components using the calculated mole fractions. The experimental (Te) and theoretical (Tt) temperatures for the eutectic melting points were determined using polarized optical microscopy (POM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques. Heterogeneous mixtures were formed for components with large structural diversity as seen by POM. During the melting of the mixtures, irregular behavior through the segregation of the components was recorded. The study showed that the similarities in structural diversities favor the formation of homogeneous mixtures, with Te values approaching Tt, as predicted by the Schröeder-van Laar equation and by the theory of eutectic mixtures. Liquid crystal properties were affected in homogeneous binary mixtures containing one of the individual liquid crystal components. Schröedervan Schröeder van UR (UR UR14. . UR14) molecules 5membered membered 5 NS N S NO O rings RH, RH , (RH) semirigid semi rigid semifluorinated fluorinated RF, RF (RF) HB. HB (HB) ninetyone ninety planned fractions (Te Tt (Tt POM (POM DSC (DSC techniques recorded (RH (RF (HB

Abstract This article analyzes the relationship between gentrification and the economic-gastronomic landscape in two neighborhoods in downtown Mexico City. The objective is to conceptually readjust these terms and to recognize the singularities of their manifestations in Latin America. To this end, a theoretical framework is constructed that outlines the three epistemological cores for the analysis of gentrification in the region and that articulates such concept with cultural commodification and gourmetization. Through a descriptive quantitative analysis, we examine the transformation of the food landscape through the presence and diversification of gastronomic and retail businesses in the Condesa and Santa María La Ribera neighborhoods. The results show that there is a trend towards an increase in commercial activity under the model of mini-supermarkets and other businesses that diversify and, at the same time, homogenize cultural and gastronomic offerings in these neighborhoods. However, the pandemic affected these neighborhoods in a particular way: while in Condesa the proliferation of these businesses slowed down, in Santa María La Ribera they increased their presence. It is concluded that this analytical argument offers a view that can strengthen the qualitative study of the effects developed by gentrification and its consequences in other areas of urban daily life.

Resumen En el presente artículo se analiza la relación entre la gentrificación y el paisaje económico-gastronómico en dos colonias del centro de la Ciudad de México. El objetivo es reajustar conceptualmente dichos términos y reconocer las singularidades de su manifestación en América Latina. Con ese fin, se construye un marco teórico que esboza los tres núcleos epistemológicos para el análisis de la gentrificación en la región y que articula tal concepto con la mercantilización cultural y la gourmetización. Mediante un análisis cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo, se examina la transformación del paisaje alimentario a través de la presencia y la diversificación de comercios gastronómicos y comercios al por menor en las colonias Condesa y Santa María La Ribera. Los resultados muestran que existe una tendencia al incremento de la actividad comercial bajo el modelo de los minisúper y otros negocios que diversifican y, a la vez, homogenizan la oferta cultural y gastronómica en estas colonias. Sin embargo, la pandemia afectó de manera particular dichos barrios: mientras que en Condesa se ralentizó la proliferación de estos comercios, en Santa María La Ribera aumentaron su presencia. Se concluye que esta propuesta analítica ofrece una mirada que puede fortalecer el estudio cualitativo de los efectos desarrollados por la gentrificación y sus consecuencias en otras áreas de la cotidianidad urbana.

Abstract Introduction. Segregated populations can exhibit fluctuating yields from one generation to the next. This can sometimes perplex plant breeders when interpreting observed phenomena and determining which selection methods to choose. Objective. To analyze the performance and yield components of several tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) populations selected through the pedigree method in lowland environments in Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. Materials and methods. This study was conducted from December 2018 to April 2019 at the Experimental Garden of Bogor Agricultural University, Tajur II (207 meters above sea level), Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. Four generations were utilized, derived from 99D×Tora, i.e., 200 plants from the F2 generation and 100 plants each from the F3, F5, and F6 generations, respectively. Results. Population variance in terms of yield and yield components, as well as heritability, were lower in later generations compared to earlier generations. An increase in mean value was observed in the F3 generation, but decreased in the F5 and F6 generations across all observed traits. This could be attributed to fixation resulting from the elimination of epistatic genes that played a role in environmental stress. Conclusion. Pedigree selection in early generation was not suitable in lowland. It is suggested to evaluate mass selection methods or single seed descent, as these methods were able to maintain population variance into later generations.

Resumen Introducción. Las poblaciones segregadas pueden mostrar un rendimiento fluctuante de una generación a otra. Esto a veces puede confundir a los mejoradores de plantas al interpretar los fenómenos observados y determinar los métodos de selección que deben elegirse. Objetivo. Analizar el rendimiento y los componentes de rendimiento de varias poblaciones de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum), mediante el método de pedigrí en entornos de tierras bajas, Bogor, Java Occidental, Indonesia. Materiales y métodos. Este estudio se llevó a cabo de diciembre de 2018 a abril de 2019 en el Jardín Experimental de la Universidad Agrícola de Bogor, Tajur II (207 metros sobre el nivel del mar), Bogor, Java Occidental, Indonesia. Se utilizaron cuatro generaciones, obtenidas a partir de 99D×Tora, es decir, 200 plantas de la generación F2 y 100 plantas de cada una de las generaciones F3, F5 y F6, respectivamente. Resultados. La varianza de la población en cuanto al rendimiento y los componentes de rendimiento y la heredabilidad fueron menores en las generaciones posteriores en comparación con las generaciones anteriores. Se observó un aumento en el valor medio en la generación F3, pero disminuyó en las generaciones F5 y F6 en todos los caracteres observados. Esto podría ser causado por la fijación como resultado de la eliminación de genes de epistasia que desempeñaron un papel en el estrés ambiental. Conclusión. La selección de pedigrí en las primeras generaciones no fue adecuada en las tierras bajas. Se sugiere evaluar métodos masales o descendencia de una sola semilla, ya que esos métodos fueron capaces de mantener la varianza de la población hasta las generaciones posteriores.

Abstract The city of Puebla has established itself as a place prone to conservative groups, either from civil society or from the public administration. In recent years, one of the problems for these conservatives’ groups has been the regulation or eradication of sex work specifically from the streets of the historic center of the city. Thus, proposals have emerged to arbitrarily and violently exclude people who perform sex work through the creation of “tolerance zones”, which, beyond offering a safe space for sex workers, emerge as manifestations of social and sexual segregation that start from the obligatory nature of the heteronomy up to the biopolitical exercise of managing to a segment of the population with precarious economics situations.

Resumen La ciudad de Puebla se ha consagrado como un lugar proclive a grupos conservadores, ya sea desde la sociedad civil o desde la administración pública. En los últimos años, una de las problemáticas para dichos grupos ha sido la regulación o erradicación del trabajo sexual, específicamente de las calles del centro histórico de la angelópolis. Así, han surgido propuestas para excluir de forma arbitraria y violenta a las personas que ejercen el trabajo sexual a través de la creación de “zonas de tolerancia”, las cuales más allá de ofrecer un espacio seguro para las trabajadoras sexuales, emergen como manifestaciones de segregación social y sexual que parten de la obligatoriedad de la heteronormatividad hasta el ejercicio biopolítico de administrar a un segmento de la población a través de situaciones económicas precarias.

This article focuses on academic staff development in higher education in South Africa. It emphasises the importance of locating academics within the broader racialised contexts and history of the country. Recognising the complexities of social academic exclusion in relation to academics working across the sector in diverse universities, the article argues that academic staff development programmes which provide formulaic interventions are far less likely to have a long term impact on the individual and the sector. The social and academic legacies of racial segregation continue to permeate the professional experiences of marginalised academics, the support they receive for their career aspirations, and the recognition (without acknowledgement) of institutional and systemic barriers to their success (Breetzke and Hedding 2018; Khunou 2018; Hlengwa 2019). The literature is replete with references to humanising pedagogies for students yet is overwhelmingly silent on the impact on the academic or aspirant academic. For transformation initiatives to have an impact, there is clearly a need to humanise the participants in academic development processes. What this implies is a full appreciation of the fact that academics enter universities with histories and experiences that inflect their work is central to the success of the transformation project. Thie article is premised on social justice which informs an understanding of transformation as the empowerment of academics through academic staff development programmes. Predicated on Sen's "capability" approach, the article argues that academic development in the context of South Africa cannot afford to ignore the fractured history of the country.

ABSTRACT The existing methodological diversity for locating vulnerability in cities has not succeeded in defining a method that guarantees perfect identification. Among the traditional procedures, we can distinguish between top-down methods, with a regional scale and based predominantly on quantitative procedures of a statistical nature, and bottom-up methods, with a local approach of a qualitative profile. Statistical methods lose effectiveness as the scale of analysis is reduced, and qualitative methods lose effectiveness as the scale of analysis increases. Faced with this paradox, the main contribution of the research is the MIUV (Mixed Identification for Urban Vulnerability) method, which progressively links different levels of integration of the two perspectives, to take advantage of both benefits. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been tested in a specific area of the Valencian Community, where the location of the most disadvantaged environments has been outlined with greater precision at each step.

RESUMEN La diversidad metodológica existente para localizar vulnerabilidad en ciudades no ha conseguido todavía definir un método que garantice una identificación perfecta. Entre los procedimientos tradicionales, distinguimos métodos top-down, de escala regional y basados predominantemente en procedimientos cuantitativos de corte estadístico, y bottom-up, con una aproximación local de perfil cualitativo. Los métodos estadísticos pierden eficacia al reducirse la escala de análisis y los cualitativos, al incrementarla. Frente a esta paradoja, el aporte principal de la investigación es el método IMVU, Identificación Mixta de Vulnerabilidad Urbana, que encadena de forma progresiva distintos niveles de integración de las dos perspectivas, para tratar de aprovechar las bondades de ambas. Se ha comprobado la eficacia del método propuesto sobre un espacio concreto de la Comunitat Valenciana, donde se ha ido perfilando, con más precisión en cada paso, la ubicación de los entornos más desfavorecidos.

Abstract: Student socioeconomic segregation is one of the main sources of educational inequity in Argentina. The objective of this paper is to study the explanatory factors of school attendance in privately managed institutions at the secondary level. Furthermore, given the differences in the participation of the private sector by provinces, we particularly aim to compare these determinants to identify possible discrepancies related to geographic location. Some evidence was found that, beyond purchasing power, various social, economic, and cultural characteristics of households are associated with the type of school attended. Moreover, it can be observed that these relationships are not totally homogeneous between the provinces.

Resumen: La segregación del alumnado por nivel socioeconómico es una de las principales fuentes de inequidad educativa en Argentina. El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar los factores explicativos de la asistencia escolar a instituciones de gestión privada en el nivel secundario. Asimismo, dadas las diferencias en la participación del sector privado por provincias, se busca especialmente comparar dichos determinantes entre estas para detectar si hay discrepancias vinculadas con la localización geográfica. Para ello, se utilizan datos del operativo de evaluación Aprender 2017 y se estima un modelo econométrico de regresión logística. Se halla evidencia a favor de que, más allá del poder adquisitivo, diversas características sociales, económicas y culturales de los hogares se asocian con el tipo de escuela a la cual se asiste. Además, se observa que dichas relaciones no son totalmente homogéneas entre las provincias.

Abstract The article exposes the public policy of closing the border of the Dominican Republic against the Haitian population since 1937, a situation that has been beneficial for global corporations that have increased their profit margins by taking advantage of the context of poverty, violence, and racism experienced by the Haitian population. The case of the textile corporation Compagnie Développement Industriel (CODEVI) is studied, which has placed an industrial site on the Haitian-Dominican border line. Methodologically, an anthropological and geographical study was carried out, consisting of interviews and visits to both workers and company officials, in addition to a documentary review of the economic policy of both countries and the legislation regulating transnational corporations. In this way, the creative political, legal, technical, and territorial devices used to exploit cheap Haitian labor are exposed, evidencing the national and racial segregation imposed by the textile company. It is concluded that this system of labor exploitation generates great economic profits in exchange for a minimal investment that does not contribute significantly to overcome the extreme poverty experienced by workers living in the impoverished Haitian border town of Ouanaminthe.

Resumen En el presente artículo se analiza la política racial de cierre de frontera que desde 1937 se ha instaurado en la zona dominico-haitiana, situación que ha resultado beneficiosa para corporativos globales que han incrementado sus márgenes de ganancia aprovechando el contexto de pobreza, violencia y racismo que vive la población haitiana. Se estudia el caso de la empresa textil Compagnie Développement Industriel (CODEVI), la cual ha desarrollado un sofisticado emplazamiento industrial sobre esta línea fronteriza. Metodológicamente se realiza un trabajo antropológico y geográfico que consistió en entrevistas y visitas tanto a personas trabajadoras como funcionarias de la empresa, además de una revisión documental de la política económica de ambos países y de legislaciones de corporaciones trasnacionales. De este modo, se exponen los ingeniosos dispositivos políticos, legales, técnicos y territoriales utilizados para explotar la mano de obra barata haitiana, evidenciando la segregación nacional y racial que impone la empresa textil. Se concluye que este sistema de explotación laboral obtiene grandes ganancias económicas a cambio de una mínima inversión que no contribuye significativamente a superar la extrema pobreza que viven trabajadores y trabajadoras que residen en la depauperada ciudad fronteriza haitiana de Ouanaminthe.

Abstract: The present study explores street sexual harassment in the Riberas del Bravo case, Ciudad Juárez, Mexico. Riberas del Bravo is one of the areas with the highest incidence of sexual violence in the Chihuahua State. We worked with seven women who live in the area and travel alone to different places of work, school and recreation. Core densities were used as a cartographic tool to identify the spaces represented by the participants as dangerous and of incidence of sexual street harassment, as well as existing equipment. Based on this, and the construction of theoretical categories of urban sociology, gender studies and territorial perspective, we found that spaces close to the home, semi-walled vacant lots, and convenience stores have the highest incidence of events such as sexual comments and persecution. The frequency ranges from often to very often, with Thursdays and weekends at night being times of higher incidence. The main reaction of the victims is to walk quickly and avoid confrontation. Therefore, harassment reconfigures women's public spatial interaction and generates segregation in scales of differentiation of spatial use.

Resumen: El presente trabajo explora el acoso sexual callejero en el espacio público en el caso Riberas del Bravo, Ciudad Juárez, México. Esta es una de las zonas con mayor incidencia de violencia sexual en el Estado y guarda relación con una alta incidencia a nivel nacional. En relación con la metodología, se trabajó con siete mujeres que viven en la zona y se desplazan solitarias a distintos lugares de trabajo, escuela y recreación. Se utilizaron densidades de núcleo como herramienta cartográfica para identificar los espacios representados por las participantes como peligrosos y de incidencia de acoso sexual callejero, así como de equipamiento existente. A partir de ello y de categorías teóricas construidas por la sociología urbana, los estudios de género y la perspectiva territorial, se encontró que, en espacios cercanos a su vivienda, baldíos semi-amurallados y tiendas de conveniencia es donde el acoso cuenta con la mayor incidencia -abarcando desde comentarios sexuales hasta persecución-, siendo realizado en grupos de dos o más hombres. La frecuencia va desde un seguido y un muy seguido, siendo los fines de semana por la noche los momentos de mayor incidencia. En estos casos la reacción principal es caminar de prisa y evitar la confrontación. Por lo tanto, el acoso reconfigura la interacción espacial pública de las mujeres y genera una segregación en escalas de diferenciación de uso espacial.

Abstract Urban locations with high centrality are associated with locational advantages, making them more desirable and expensive. There is not a consensus yet on how centrality affects real estate prices for different markets and income groups. In Brazil, this theme is relatively unexplored. This article uses an approach based on urban spatial networks, going beyond simple centrality descriptions considering the distance to the Central Business District (CBD). The objective is to analyse how apartment prices relate to two location attributes: accessibility (relative distance) and centrality (relative importance). Weighted network models are applied at two scales: city-wide and neighbourhoods. The database includes a sample of 400 offers for the sale of used apartments in 2022 and 2023 in Porto Alegre, analysed collectively and segmented into three price classes. Configurational indicators were calculated using the Graph Analysis Urban Networks (GAUS) plugin. Both configurational measures and prices were normalized using the Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) technique and correlated in a GIS environment. Results indicate that the most accessible areas of Porto Alegre have higher unit price (per square meter) apartments. Conversely, areas with higher centrality have cheaper properties, likely due to the availability of services and transportation. The more expensive apartments tend to avoid locations with higher centrality values, both globally and at the neighbourhood level.

Resumo Localizações com alta centralidade estão associadas a vantagens locacionais, tornando-as mais desejáveis e caras. Não há ainda consenso sobre como a centralidade afeta os preços imobiliários para diferentes mercados e grupos de rendimento. No Brasil, este tema é relativamente inexplorado. Este artigo baseia-se em redes espaciais, indo além das descrições simples de centralidade, como distância ao Central Business District (CBD). O objetivo é analisar como os preços de apartamentos se relacionam com dois atributos de localização: acessibilidade (distância relativa) e centralidade (importância relativa). Foram aplicados modelos de redes ponderadas a duas escalas: cidade e bairro. O banco de dados inclui uma amostra de 400 ofertas de venda de apartamentos usados em 2022 e 2023 em Porto Alegre, analisadas coletivamente e segmentadas por classe de preço. Foram calculados indicadores configuracionais usando o plugin Graph Analysis Urban Networks (GAUS). Tanto as medidas configuracionais quanto os preços foram normalizados pela técnica de Estimação de Densidade de Kernel (KDE) e correlacionados em ambiente SIG. Os resultados indicam que as áreas mais acessíveis de Porto Alegre têm apartamentos com preços unitários mais altos (por metro quadrado). Por outro lado, áreas com maior centralidade têm propriedades mais baratas, provavelmente devido à presença de serviços e transporte. Os apartamentos mais caros tendem a evitar locais com centralidade mais alta, tanto globalmente quanto localmente.

Resumen Las ubicaciones con alta centralidad están asociadas con ventajas locacionales, lo que las hace más deseables y caras. Todavía no hay consenso sobre cómo la centralidad afecta los precios inmobiliarios para diferentes mercados y grupos de ingresos. En Brasil, este tema está relativamente inexplorado. Este artículo se basa en redes espaciales, yendo más allá de las simples descripciones de centralidad como la distancia al Central Business District (CBD). El objetivo es analizar cómo los precios de los apartamentos se relacionan con dos atributos de ubicación: accesibilidad (distancia relativa) y centralidad (importancia relativa). Se aplicaron modelos de redes ponderadas en dos escalas: a nivel de ciudad y de vecindario. La base de datos incluye una muestra de 400 ofertas de venta de apartamentos usados en 2022 y 2023 en Porto Alegre, analizadas de manera conjunta y segmentadas en clases de precio. Los indicadores configuracionales fueron calculados utilizando el plugin Graph Analysis Urban Networks (GAUS). Tanto las medidas configuracionales como los precios fueron normalizados utilizando la técnica de Estimación de Densidad de Kernel (KDE) y correlacionados en un entorno SIG. Los resultados indican que las áreas más accesibles de Porto Alegre tienen apartamentos con precios unitarios más altos (por metro cuadrado). Por el contrario, las áreas con mayor centralidad tienen propiedades más baratas, probablemente debido a la presencia de servicios y transporte. Los apartamentos más caros tienden a evitar ubicaciones con mayor centralidad, tanto a nivel global como localmente.

Bernard Lazarus Emanuel Sigamoney was born in 1888 as part of the indentured labour community. His parents ensured that he received an education and this helped him climb the social ladder in local communities in Durban and Transvaal. Consequently, his name became linked to the scout, sport, social, religious, and political movements of the day. He died in 1963 leaving behind a footprint that calls for recognition. This article placed Sigamoney, a South African politically active schoolteacher, under scholarly analysis. His circumstances of being subjected to institutional racism and forced removals make a coherent narrative an impossible task for a historian. Therefore, a disjointed but important narrative from the scraps left behind in newspaper accounts, internet searchers, and general history sources was constructed. These accounts revealed how he contributed to South African political liberation on a national and local community level. The political networks he created also present readers with a window into twentieth century resistance movements in local communities. His voice was also present in the early socialist and later anti-apartheid sports movements. He used his position as a schoolteacher to launch actions that challenged the segregation and apartheid regime of the day.

Abstract Astronomer Edwin Hubble discovered that galaxies are constantly moving away from each other. In Argentina, educational differences between public and private schools are also permanently increasing. This qualitative study is based on interviews with teachers and principals of primary schools about the use of technology post-pandemic. Significant differences were found between educational sectors, marked by students’ socioeconomic situation. While private institutions adopted and maintained recent technologies, public ones discontinued their use, confirming the digital divide during the pandemic and increasing inter-sector educational segregation.

Resumen El astrónomo Edwin Hubble descubrió que las galaxias se alejan constantemente entre sí. En Argentina, las diferencias educativas entre escuelas públicas y privadas también aumentan permanentemente. Este estudio cualitativo se basa en entrevistas con docentes y directivos de escuelas primarias sobre el uso de tecnología pospandemia. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre sectores educativos, marcadas por la situación socioeconómica de sus estudiantes. Mientras que las privadas adoptaron y mantuvieron tecnologías recientes, las públicas discontinuaron su uso, confirmando la brecha digital durante la pandemia y aumentando la segregación educativa intersectorial.

Abstract We propose thinking of Angela Davis's intellectual legacy from a decolonial perspective. We point out that just as the fight for civil rights and the end of racial segregation in the United States helped to consolidate the Black movement in Brazil, the circulation of anti-colonial ideas during the struggles for the decolonization of African countries in the 1950s and 60s was crucial to the circulation of abolitionist ideas and anti-racist movements in the United States and abroad. We will analyze interchanges capable of pointing out "the recognition of multiple and heterogeneous colonial differences, as well as the multiple and heterogeneous reactions of populations and subjects subordinated to the coloniality of power" (Bernardino-Costa & Grosfoguel, 2016, p. 21). Our contribution seeks to analyze Davis as a public and militant intellectual through her images in film. Beyond considering Angela Davis's image in cinema as representation, we also analyze how her intellectual and political activities were involved with the flourishing of a new Black cinema in the United States. This paper analyzes films such as Child of Resistance (1973), Free Angela and All Political Prisoners (2015), and 13th (2016).

Resumo Propomos pensar o legado intelectual de Angela Davis a partir de uma perspectiva decolonial. Ressaltamos que, assim como a luta pelos direitos civis e o fim da segregação racial nos Estados Unidos ajudaram a consolidar o movimento negro no Brasil, a circulação de ideias anticoloniais durante as lutas pela descolonização dos países africanos, nas décadas de 1950 e 1960, foi crucial para a circulação de ideias abolicionistas e movimentos antirracistas nos Estados Unidos e no exterior. Analisaremos intercâmbios capazes de apontar "o reconhecimento de diferenças coloniais múltiplas e heterogêneas, bem como as reações múltiplas e heterogêneas de populações e sujeitos subordinados à colonialidade do poder" (Bernardino-Costa & Grosfoguel, 2016, p. 21). Nossa contribuição busca analisar Davis como uma intelectual militante por meio de suas imagens no cinema. Além de considerar a imagem de Angela Davis no cinema enquanto representação, também analisamos como suas atividades intelectuais e políticas estiveram envolvidas com o florescimento de um novo cinema negro nos Estados Unidos. Este artigo analisa filmes como Child of Resistance (Filho da Resistência; 1973), Free Angela and All Political Prisoners (Libertem Angela e Todos os Presos Políticos; 2015) e 13th (2016).

Abstract Limas society has historically been segmented based on racial, ethnic, and social class criteria, which is why Andean migrants are derogatorily recognized as serranos (people from the mountains) and make up the group of cholos in Lima. The Evangelical Churches have reproduced the same patterns of segregation of the dominant society; however, due to the internal war suffered in Peru (1980-2000), a sector of the National Evangelical Council of Peru (CONEP) organized the displacement of Evangelicals from the Central-Southern Highlands (Ayacucho-Huancavelica-Apurimac) to different places, including Lima. For this reason, the first Quechua services were organized in 1984 and spread throughout the city, mainly in the 1990s. These services are no longer growing or extending but seem to have reached a plateau. These spaces have served as ethnic refuges for a Quechua-speaking sector with little command of Spanish. However, due to the theological characteristics of the Evangelical Churches, and little organized Quechua people, they have not been able to be a political, social, or cultural propellant for the recognition of Perus ethnic plurality, so they could not transcend from religious spaces.

Resumen La sociedad limeña se ha caracterizado por estar segmentada a partir de criterios raciales, étnicos y de clase social, razón por la cual, los migrantes andinos son reconocidos despectivamente como "serranos" y conformando el grupo de "cholos". Las iglesias evangélicas han reproducido los mismos patrones de segregación de la sociedad dominante, sin embargo, debido a la guerra interna sufrida en el Perú (1980-2000), un sector del Concilio Nacional Evangélico del Perú [CONEP], organizó el desplazamiento de seguidores de la Sierra Centro-Sur (Ayacucho-Huancavelica- Apurímac) a distintos sitios, entre ellos, Lima. Por tal motivo, en 1984 se organizaron los primeros cultos en quechua, los cuales se fueron extendiendo por la ciudad, principalmente en los años noventa. En la actualidad, dichos cultos ya no crecen, ni se extienden, sino que parecen haber llegado a un tope. Estos espacios han fungido como refugios étnicos para un sector quechuahablante con poco dominio del castellano, pero debido a las características teológicas de las Iglesias Evangélicas y la escasa organización política quechua, no han sido un propulsor político, social o cultural de reconocimiento de la pluralidad étnica del Perú, no logrando trascender del espacio religioso.

Abstract The stereotype of the scientist is based on a Eurocentric perspective, inferiorizes and makes women invisible, especially Black women, reinforcing gender and racial inequalities. The lack of representation discourages students from these groups from pursuing scientific ca-reers, and likewise, the sexual division of labor is a crucial factor in the exclusion and overburdening of Black women, affecting their pro-fessional choices and family lives. The research is grounded in the narratives of Black female students in the Physics Teaching degree program at a Brazilian federal institute, aiming to identify the discriminations they face in their formative journeys. The methodology fol-lows a qualitative approach, with semi-structured interviews as the data collection instrument. The narratives reveal the persistence of gender and racial discriminations in the Exact Sciences, especially against Black women. There is a need for actions to reduce such discrim-inations and provide inclusive education, free from any stereotypes or segregation.

Resumo O estereótipo do/a cientista, baseado em uma perspectiva eurocêntrica, inferioriza e invisibiliza as mulheres, especialmente mulheres negras, reforçando desigualdades de gênero e raça. A falta de representatividade desencoraja estudantes desses grupos a seguir carreiras científicas e, de igual modo, a divisão sexual do trabalho é um fator crucial de exclusão e sobrecarrega de mulheres negras, afetando suas escolhas profissionais e suas vidas familiares. A pesquisa se ancora nas narrativas de estudantes negras de Licenciatura em Física de um instituto federal brasileiro, buscando identificar discriminações enfrentadas ao longo de seus percursos formativos. A metodologia segue uma abordagem qualitativa, tendo como instrumento de coleta de dados a entrevista semiestruturada. As narrativas revelam a persistên-cia de discriminações de gênero e raciais nas Ciências Exatas, especialmente contra mulheres negras. Vemos a necessidade de ações para reduzir tais discriminações e proporcionar uma educação inclusiva, longe de quaisquer estereótipos e segregação.