The Schröeder-van Laar equation to predict the theoretical eutectic melting temperature values was applied to a set of fourteen binary mixtures (UR1 to UR14). The fourteen binary mixtures belong to a structurally diverse group of organic molecules. They are represented by the 5-membered heterocycles containing N-S and N-O rings, flexible methylene chains (RH), semi-rigid semi-fluorinated chains (RF), and hydrogen bonds (HB). A virtual screening totalizing ninety-one possible theoretical combinations was planned. The UR1 to UR14 were prepared by mixing individual components using the calculated mole fractions. The experimental (Te) and theoretical (Tt) temperatures for the eutectic melting points were determined using polarized optical microscopy (POM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques. Heterogeneous mixtures were formed for components with large structural diversity as seen by POM. During the melting of the mixtures, irregular behavior through the segregation of the components was recorded. The study showed that the similarities in structural diversities favor the formation of homogeneous mixtures, with Te values approaching Tt, as predicted by the Schröeder-van Laar equation and by the theory of eutectic mixtures. Liquid crystal properties were affected in homogeneous binary mixtures containing one of the individual liquid crystal components. Schröedervan Schröeder van UR (UR UR14. . UR14) molecules 5membered membered 5 NS N S NO O rings RH, RH , (RH) semirigid semi rigid semifluorinated fluorinated RF, RF (RF) HB. HB (HB) ninetyone ninety planned fractions (Te Tt (Tt POM (POM DSC (DSC techniques recorded (RH (RF (HB

Resumen Introducción. Las poblaciones segregadas pueden mostrar un rendimiento fluctuante de una generación a otra. Esto a veces puede confundir a los mejoradores de plantas al interpretar los fenómenos observados y determinar los métodos de selección que deben elegirse. Objetivo. Analizar el rendimiento y los componentes de rendimiento de varias poblaciones de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum), mediante el método de pedigrí en entornos de tierras bajas, Bogor, Java Occidental, Indonesia. Materiales y métodos. Este estudio se llevó a cabo de diciembre de 2018 a abril de 2019 en el Jardín Experimental de la Universidad Agrícola de Bogor, Tajur II (207 metros sobre el nivel del mar), Bogor, Java Occidental, Indonesia. Se utilizaron cuatro generaciones, obtenidas a partir de 99D×Tora, es decir, 200 plantas de la generación F2 y 100 plantas de cada una de las generaciones F3, F5 y F6, respectivamente. Resultados. La varianza de la población en cuanto al rendimiento y los componentes de rendimiento y la heredabilidad fueron menores en las generaciones posteriores en comparación con las generaciones anteriores. Se observó un aumento en el valor medio en la generación F3, pero disminuyó en las generaciones F5 y F6 en todos los caracteres observados. Esto podría ser causado por la fijación como resultado de la eliminación de genes de epistasia que desempeñaron un papel en el estrés ambiental. Conclusión. La selección de pedigrí en las primeras generaciones no fue adecuada en las tierras bajas. Se sugiere evaluar métodos masales o descendencia de una sola semilla, ya que esos métodos fueron capaces de mantener la varianza de la población hasta las generaciones posteriores.

Abstract Introduction. Segregated populations can exhibit fluctuating yields from one generation to the next. This can sometimes perplex plant breeders when interpreting observed phenomena and determining which selection methods to choose. Objective. To analyze the performance and yield components of several tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) populations selected through the pedigree method in lowland environments in Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. Materials and methods. This study was conducted from December 2018 to April 2019 at the Experimental Garden of Bogor Agricultural University, Tajur II (207 meters above sea level), Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. Four generations were utilized, derived from 99D×Tora, i.e., 200 plants from the F2 generation and 100 plants each from the F3, F5, and F6 generations, respectively. Results. Population variance in terms of yield and yield components, as well as heritability, were lower in later generations compared to earlier generations. An increase in mean value was observed in the F3 generation, but decreased in the F5 and F6 generations across all observed traits. This could be attributed to fixation resulting from the elimination of epistatic genes that played a role in environmental stress. Conclusion. Pedigree selection in early generation was not suitable in lowland. It is suggested to evaluate mass selection methods or single seed descent, as these methods were able to maintain population variance into later generations.

Abstract The article exposes the public policy of closing the border of the Dominican Republic against the Haitian population since 1937, a situation that has been beneficial for global corporations that have increased their profit margins by taking advantage of the context of poverty, violence, and racism experienced by the Haitian population. The case of the textile corporation Compagnie Développement Industriel (CODEVI) is studied, which has placed an industrial site on the Haitian-Dominican border line. Methodologically, an anthropological and geographical study was carried out, consisting of interviews and visits to both workers and company officials, in addition to a documentary review of the economic policy of both countries and the legislation regulating transnational corporations. In this way, the creative political, legal, technical, and territorial devices used to exploit cheap Haitian labor are exposed, evidencing the national and racial segregation imposed by the textile company. It is concluded that this system of labor exploitation generates great economic profits in exchange for a minimal investment that does not contribute significantly to overcome the extreme poverty experienced by workers living in the impoverished Haitian border town of Ouanaminthe.

Resumen En el presente artículo se analiza la política racial de cierre de frontera que desde 1937 se ha instaurado en la zona dominico-haitiana, situación que ha resultado beneficiosa para corporativos globales que han incrementado sus márgenes de ganancia aprovechando el contexto de pobreza, violencia y racismo que vive la población haitiana. Se estudia el caso de la empresa textil Compagnie Développement Industriel (CODEVI), la cual ha desarrollado un sofisticado emplazamiento industrial sobre esta línea fronteriza. Metodológicamente se realiza un trabajo antropológico y geográfico que consistió en entrevistas y visitas tanto a personas trabajadoras como funcionarias de la empresa, además de una revisión documental de la política económica de ambos países y de legislaciones de corporaciones trasnacionales. De este modo, se exponen los ingeniosos dispositivos políticos, legales, técnicos y territoriales utilizados para explotar la mano de obra barata haitiana, evidenciando la segregación nacional y racial que impone la empresa textil. Se concluye que este sistema de explotación laboral obtiene grandes ganancias económicas a cambio de una mínima inversión que no contribuye significativamente a superar la extrema pobreza que viven trabajadores y trabajadoras que residen en la depauperada ciudad fronteriza haitiana de Ouanaminthe.

Abstract Astronomer Edwin Hubble discovered that galaxies are constantly moving away from each other. In Argentina, educational differences between public and private schools are also permanently increasing. This qualitative study is based on interviews with teachers and principals of primary schools about the use of technology post-pandemic. Significant differences were found between educational sectors, marked by students’ socioeconomic situation. While private institutions adopted and maintained recent technologies, public ones discontinued their use, confirming the digital divide during the pandemic and increasing inter-sector educational segregation.

Resumen El astrónomo Edwin Hubble descubrió que las galaxias se alejan constantemente entre sí. En Argentina, las diferencias educativas entre escuelas públicas y privadas también aumentan permanentemente. Este estudio cualitativo se basa en entrevistas con docentes y directivos de escuelas primarias sobre el uso de tecnología pospandemia. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre sectores educativos, marcadas por la situación socioeconómica de sus estudiantes. Mientras que las privadas adoptaron y mantuvieron tecnologías recientes, las públicas discontinuaron su uso, confirmando la brecha digital durante la pandemia y aumentando la segregación educativa intersectorial.

Abstract We propose thinking of Angela Davis's intellectual legacy from a decolonial perspective. We point out that just as the fight for civil rights and the end of racial segregation in the United States helped to consolidate the Black movement in Brazil, the circulation of anti-colonial ideas during the struggles for the decolonization of African countries in the 1950s and 60s was crucial to the circulation of abolitionist ideas and anti-racist movements in the United States and abroad. We will analyze interchanges capable of pointing out "the recognition of multiple and heterogeneous colonial differences, as well as the multiple and heterogeneous reactions of populations and subjects subordinated to the coloniality of power" (Bernardino-Costa & Grosfoguel, 2016, p. 21). Our contribution seeks to analyze Davis as a public and militant intellectual through her images in film. Beyond considering Angela Davis's image in cinema as representation, we also analyze how her intellectual and political activities were involved with the flourishing of a new Black cinema in the United States. This paper analyzes films such as Child of Resistance (1973), Free Angela and All Political Prisoners (2015), and 13th (2016).

Resumo Propomos pensar o legado intelectual de Angela Davis a partir de uma perspectiva decolonial. Ressaltamos que, assim como a luta pelos direitos civis e o fim da segregação racial nos Estados Unidos ajudaram a consolidar o movimento negro no Brasil, a circulação de ideias anticoloniais durante as lutas pela descolonização dos países africanos, nas décadas de 1950 e 1960, foi crucial para a circulação de ideias abolicionistas e movimentos antirracistas nos Estados Unidos e no exterior. Analisaremos intercâmbios capazes de apontar "o reconhecimento de diferenças coloniais múltiplas e heterogêneas, bem como as reações múltiplas e heterogêneas de populações e sujeitos subordinados à colonialidade do poder" (Bernardino-Costa & Grosfoguel, 2016, p. 21). Nossa contribuição busca analisar Davis como uma intelectual militante por meio de suas imagens no cinema. Além de considerar a imagem de Angela Davis no cinema enquanto representação, também analisamos como suas atividades intelectuais e políticas estiveram envolvidas com o florescimento de um novo cinema negro nos Estados Unidos. Este artigo analisa filmes como Child of Resistance (Filho da Resistência; 1973), Free Angela and All Political Prisoners (Libertem Angela e Todos os Presos Políticos; 2015) e 13th (2016).

Abstract The current development model’s accumulation logic has resulted in the emergence and consolidation of social processes like segregation, leading to differentiated access and availability of urban goods and services among social groups based on socioeconomic, ethnic, or societal standing. The current development model’s accumulation logic has resulted in the emergence and consolidation of social processes like segregation, leading to differentiated access and availability of urban goods and services among social groups based on socioeconomic, ethnic, or societal standing. This disparity impacts employment levels, educational performance, urban decay, and environmental degradation. In this context, the article aims to examine the socio-spatial segregation in the access to socioenvironmental amenities provided by public green spaces (EVP) in a medium-sized city, specifically Durango, Mexico. The analysis utilizes spatial analysis and statistical methods that involve five variables associated with EVPs: surface area, percentage, number, density, and the socio-economic level of the population. A spatial pattern of segregation was identified through these variables, resulting in four clusters that impact how the city of Durango is inhabited, produced, reproduced, lived, and constructed.

Resumen La lógica de acumulación del actual modelo de desarrollo ha favorecido la aparición y consolidación de procesos sociales de expresión espacial, como la segregación. Este fenómeno describe la disponibilidad y el acceso diferenciado a los bienes y servicios urbanos entre grupos sociales debido a su condición social, étnica o socioeconómica, lo que influye en niveles de empleo, desempeño educativo, deterioro urbanístico y degradación ambiental. En este contexto, el objetivo del artículo fue analizar la segregación socioespacial en el acceso a los bienes socioambientales proporcionados por los espacios verdes públicos (EVP) en una ciudad de tamaño medio, como es el caso de la ciudad de Durango, México. El análisis se basó en el uso de métodos de análisis y estadística espacial que involucraron cinco variables asociadas con los EVP: superficie, porcentaje, número, densidad y nivel socioeconómico de la población. A través de estas variables, se identificó un patrón espacial de segregación que se manifestó en cuatro agrupaciones que influyen en la forma en que se habita, se vive, se produce, se reproduce y se construye la ciudad de Durango.

Abstract The stereotype of the scientist is based on a Eurocentric perspective, inferiorizes and makes women invisible, especially Black women, reinforcing gender and racial inequalities. The lack of representation discourages students from these groups from pursuing scientific ca-reers, and likewise, the sexual division of labor is a crucial factor in the exclusion and overburdening of Black women, affecting their pro-fessional choices and family lives. The research is grounded in the narratives of Black female students in the Physics Teaching degree program at a Brazilian federal institute, aiming to identify the discriminations they face in their formative journeys. The methodology fol-lows a qualitative approach, with semi-structured interviews as the data collection instrument. The narratives reveal the persistence of gender and racial discriminations in the Exact Sciences, especially against Black women. There is a need for actions to reduce such discrim-inations and provide inclusive education, free from any stereotypes or segregation.

Resumo O estereótipo do/a cientista, baseado em uma perspectiva eurocêntrica, inferioriza e invisibiliza as mulheres, especialmente mulheres negras, reforçando desigualdades de gênero e raça. A falta de representatividade desencoraja estudantes desses grupos a seguir carreiras científicas e, de igual modo, a divisão sexual do trabalho é um fator crucial de exclusão e sobrecarrega de mulheres negras, afetando suas escolhas profissionais e suas vidas familiares. A pesquisa se ancora nas narrativas de estudantes negras de Licenciatura em Física de um instituto federal brasileiro, buscando identificar discriminações enfrentadas ao longo de seus percursos formativos. A metodologia segue uma abordagem qualitativa, tendo como instrumento de coleta de dados a entrevista semiestruturada. As narrativas revelam a persistên-cia de discriminações de gênero e raciais nas Ciências Exatas, especialmente contra mulheres negras. Vemos a necessidade de ações para reduzir tais discriminações e proporcionar uma educação inclusiva, longe de quaisquer estereótipos e segregação.

Abstract The text shows the recent evolution of the urban fabric in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo and the inequality expressed by favelas, using data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics and MapBiomas. Although population growth in all sub-regions has decreased compared to previous periods, the so-called periphery still grows more than the hub. The urban structure is highly segregated, with part of the poor population living in favelas. In 2019, the metropolis had 1,703 favelas, with a population of more than 2 million inhabitants, occupying 12.26% of metropolitan households. As the population in this type of settlement grew at an annual rate of 3.44%, the result was an increase in the number of favelas, which poses problems for urban upgrading. favelas MapBiomas subregions sub regions periods socalled so called hub segregated 2019 1703 1 703 1,70 inhabitants 1226 12 26 12.26 households 344 3 44 3.44% upgrading 201 170 70 1,7 122 12.2 34 4 3.44 20 17 7 1, 12. 3.4 3.

Resumo Este artigo descreve a evolução recente do tecido urbano na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo e da desigualdade expressa pelas favelas, por meio de dados do Intituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística e do MapBiomas. Embora o crescimento populacional em todas as sub-regiões tenha decrescido em relação aos períodos anteriores, a chamada periferia ainda cresce mais do que o polo. A estrutura urbana mostra-se altamente segregada, com parte da população pobre morando em favelas. A metrópole, em 2019, apresentava 1.703 favelas, com população de mais de 2 milhões de habitantes, ocupando 12,26% dos domicílios metropolitanos. Como a população nesse tipo de assentamento cresceu quase a 3,44% anuais, a resultante é um adensamento das favelas, com problemas para sua urbanização. favelas MapBiomas subregiões sub regiões anteriores polo mostrase mostra se segregada metrópole 2019 1703 1 703 1.70 habitantes 1226 12 26 12,26 metropolitanos 344 3 44 3,44 anuais urbanização 201 170 70 1.7 122 12,2 34 4 3,4 20 17 7 1. 12, 3,

Abstract Contemporary transformations linked to technology, the world of work, unemployment, and the effects of the pandemic in Brazil have been altering territorial dynamics. However, such factors only added to the perverse stability of socio-spatial inequalities in Brazilian cities, particularly in São Paulo. By revealing the current social segregation in a city linked to the flows of global capitalism, the difficulties faced by many in the job and housing market bring scenarios of congestion and difficulties in accessing workplaces and the built environment. In addition to revealing the daily struggle of the majority due to inequality in opportunity and commuting, they indicate the important role of urban mobility, which may come to have a leading role as a public policy. technology work unemployment dynamics However sociospatial socio spatial cities Paulo capitalism environment commuting mobility policy

Resumo As transformações contemporâneas ligadas à tecnologia, ao mundo do trabalho, ao desemprego, e aos efeitos da pandemia de covid-19 no Brasil alteraram as dinâmicas territoriais. Entretanto, tais fatores apenas se acrescentaram à perversa estabilidade das desigualdades socioespaciais nas cidades brasileiras, em particular em São Paulo. As dificuldades de muitas pessoas de inserção no mercado de trabalho e de moradia, ao revelarem a segregação social vigente em uma cidade ligada aos fluxos do capitalismo global, trazem cenários de congestionamento e de dificuldades de acesso aos locais de trabalho e ao ambiente construído. Além de revelar a luta cotidiana majoritária devido à iniquidade das oportunidades e dos deslocamentos, indicam o importante papel da mobilidade urbana que pode vir a assumir protagonismo enquanto política pública. tecnologia desemprego covid19 covid 19 covid-1 territoriais Entretanto brasileiras Paulo moradia global construído deslocamentos pública covid1 1 covid-

Abstract The intense growth of Brazilian cities is remarkable, characterized by peripheralization and socio-spatial inequalities. However, studies that focus on the temporal dimension to understand spatial segregation are still scarce. This paper aims to understand the role played by commuting time in explaining the process of spatial segregation in the São Paulo metropolis. Its methodology is based on statistical data obtained from the weighting areas of the Demographic Census sample, by means of the variable usual commuting time, combined with other socioeconomic variables of income and race. This research contributes to the understanding of spatio-temporal segregation and shows that commuting time unites the poorest and black individuals, separating them from the richest and white individuals in the São Paulo metropolis. remarkable sociospatial socio inequalities However scarce metropolis sample race spatiotemporal spatio

Resumo É marcante o intenso crescimento das cidades brasileiras caracterizado pela periferização e pelas desigualdades socioespaciais. Porém, ainda são escassas pesquisas que enfoquem a dimensão temporal quanto à compreensão da segregação espacial. Este artigo visa compreender o papel do tempo de deslocamento na explicação do processo de segregação espacial na metrópole de São Paulo. Para tanto, sua metodologia baseia-se em dados estatísticos das áreas de ponderação da amostra do Censo Demográfico, através da variável tempo de deslocamento habitual para o trabalho, combinada com outras variáveis socioeconômicas, de renda e raça. Busca-se contribuir para o entendimento da segregação espaço-temporal, demonstrando que o tempo de deslocamento une os mais pobres e os negros, separando-os dos mais ricos e dos brancos na referida metrópole. socioespaciais Porém Paulo tanto baseiase baseia se Demográfico trabalho socioeconômicas raça Buscase Busca espaçotemporal, espaçotemporal espaço temporal, espaço-temporal negros separandoos separando

ABSTRACT The spatiality of urban youth constitutes the central interest of this paper, focusing on the way in which they experience the living spaces that shape their daily lives, by identifying and qualifying places of enjoyment, suffering, security and insecurity. To do this, discussion groups comprised by male and female high school students from public schools located in socially disadvantaged areas in Tijuana and Mexicali in Mexico were formed and asked to elaborate a cartography with four types of places: those where they have a good time, those where they have a bad time, those where they feel protected and those where they feel at risk. They were also asked to provide the reasons for such situations. This yielded an inventory of places with contrasting affective tones, which makes evident some ways in which the living spaces of young people are affected by the context they inhabit.

RESUMEN La espacialidad de las juventudes urbanas constituye el interés central de este trabajo, principalmente la forma en que experimentan los espacios de vida que conforman su cotidianidad, mediante la identificación y calificación de los lugares de disfrute, padecimiento, seguridad e inseguridad. Para ello, se llevaron a cabo grupos de discusión de hombres y mujeres que cursan el bachillerato en escuelas públicas ubicadas en zonas urbanas con desventaja social en Tijuana y Mexicali en México, a quienes se les solicitó que elaboraran una cartografía con cuatro tipos de lugares: donde la pasan bien, donde la pasan mal, donde se sienten protegidos y donde se sienten en riesgo, así como las razones de tales situaciones. Como resultado de lo anterior se obtuvo un inventario de lugares con tonalidades afectivas contrapuestas, que revelan algunas formas en que los espacios de vida de las personas jóvenes son afectados por el contexto que habitan.

ABSTRACT Spatial segregation is a phenomenon closely linked to specific sociodemographic conditions of the population. Based on this premise, the Global Spatial Segregation Index (GSSI) and the Areal Spatial Segregation Index (ASSI) were calculated for Quito. The latter was correlated with sociodemographic variables of employment, health, education, digital availability and ethnic self-identification. The results show that: i) there is a process of socioeconomic spatial segregation in Quito, where low strata are concentrated in the peripheral areas while high strata are concentrated in the center-north and urban-rural parishes of the city; ii) statistically, a strong positive association was found between ASSIs of high strata and variables of digital availability, private education, private health insurance and white ethnic self-identification. It is concluded that there is a process of socioeconomic spatial segregation related to certain socio-demographic profiles of the population of Quito considered as social advantages and disadvantages.

RESUMEN La segregación espacial es un fenómeno estrechamente vinculado a condiciones sociodemográficas específicas de la población. Siguiendo esta premisa, se calculó el Índice de Segregación Espacial Global (ISEG) y el Índice de Segregación Espacial Areal (ISEA) para Quito. Este último fue correlacionado con variables sociodemográficas de empleo, salud, educación, disponibilidad digital y autoidentificación étnica. Los resultados muestran que: i) existe un proceso de segregación espacial socioeconómica en Quito, donde estratos bajos se concentran en las periferias mientras que estratos altos lo hacen en el centro-norte y parroquias urbano-rurales de la ciudad; ii) estadísticamente se evidencia una asociación positiva fuerte entre ISEA de estratos altos y variables de disponibilidad digital, educación privada, seguro de salud privado y autoidentificación étnica blanca. Se concluye que existe un proceso de segregación espacial socioeconómica relacionado con ciertos perfiles sociodemográficos de la población quiteña considerados como ventajas y desventajas sociales.

Different concentration techniques were evaluated for preconcentration of a mineral ore at a coarser size to avoid energy and resource wastage. Specifically, the aim was to reduce milling costs and energy required in the beneficiation of tin. In this study, cassiterite (0.17% Sn) was the mineral of interest in a pegmatite ore body associated with quartz (SiO2 > 60%) and alumina (Al2O3 > 20%). Three concentration techniques, namely dense media, shaking table, and flotation, coupled with characterization analysis, were used to assess the concentration response. The results confirmed that particle size and mineral liberation impact the separation process. High recovery and grade were obtained with gravity concentration methods (dense media and shaking table) for coarser (+300 to +212 μm) and intermediate (+150 to +53 μm) particle sizes. Lower recovery and grade were identified for much finer sizes (-53 to -38 μm). Flotation produced a high-grade product at a relatively low recovery and appeared to be only applicable to finer grains. Separation efficiency based on Schulz's equation measured a segregation performance of 74.8% for dense medium separation and 60.7% for the shaking table for the coarse and intermediate particle sizes. Flotation only achieved a separation of 30%-40%. The results suggest that use of dense media separation as a rough preconcentration method prior to further grinding, and the utilization of a more advanced concentration technique for mineral recovery and upgrade, constitute a successful approach to improve process economics.

A computational model of a submerged arc furnace (SAF) used in the production of ferrochrome is presented. The model's intended use is to investigate the extent to which intrinsic and extrinsic properties of the raw materials affect burden distribution and electrical resistance within the furnace. The model is built on the discrete element method and calculates the mechanical interactions of particle distributions resulting from the flow motion of typical raw materials used in the smelting of chromium ore. This model excludes the effects of thermodynamics, furnace chemistry, and heat transfer. It illustrates how the consumption of materials (chromite pellets, flux, and reductant) is affected by changes in electrode length, reductant fractions, and reductant sizing and density during the formation of a reductant bed. The resistance calculation algorithm developed by Mintek was applied to construct networks developed from particle contacts, which can quantitatively generate estimates of the electrode-to-electrode and electrode-to-bath electrical conduction conditions.

Resumo O Uruguai tem grandes empresas transnacionais em setores estratégicos, nos quais a participação feminina em cargos de gerência tem sido muito baixa em comparação com a América Latina. O estudo investiga as percepções dos líderes empresariais em relação às desigualdades de gênero em cargos executivos. A pesquisa mostra que as percepções de “tetos de vidro” são mais críticas entre as mulheres do que entre os homens, além de identificar barreiras atribuídas a determinantes socioculturais e segregação econômica, bem como variáveis organizacionais nas empresas. O estudo consistiu em uma pesquisa de atitude e carreira com 158 gerentes de uma lista de 530 grandes empresas no Uruguai. estratégicos Latina executivos tetos vidro homens econômica 15 53 1 5

Abstract Uruguay has large transnational companies in strategic sectors, where female participation in management positions has been very low in comparison with the rest of Latin American. The study examines business leaders’ perceptions of gender inequalities in executive positions. The research shows that perceptions of “glass ceilings” are more critical among women than men, as well as identifying barriers attributed to socio-cultural determinants and economic segregation, as well as organizational variables within companies. The study consisted of an attitudinal and career survey of 158 managers from a base of 530 large companies in Uruguay. sectors American leaders glass ceilings men sociocultural socio cultural segregation 15 53 1 5

Resumen Uruguay tiene grandes empresas transnacionales en sectores estratégicos, donde la participación femenina en posiciones directivas ha sido muy baja en comparación con otros países latinoamericanos. Este estudio indaga sobre percepciones de dirigentes de empresas respecto a inequidades de género en puestos ejecutivos. La investigación muestra que las percepciones de “techos de cristal” son más críticas entre mujeres que hombres, así como identifica barreras atribuidas a determinantes socioculturales y segregación económica, tanto como variables organizacionales de las empresas. Este estudio consistió en una encuesta de actitudes y carreras realizada a 158 dirigentes de un listado de 530 grandes empresas en Uruguay. estratégicos latinoamericanos ejecutivos techos cristal hombres económica 15 53 1 5