The way Family Health teams work can encourage sharing between different fields of knowledge and the development of interprofessional collaborative practices. The objective was to understand how interprofessional collaborative practices are built in the work process in Family Health units. Exploratory, descriptive research, with quantitative and qualitative approaches, carried out with Family Health teams from 26 municipalities in the countryside of the state of São Paulo, using secondary data and semi-structured interviews. From the analysis, two thematic categories emerged: the development of interprofessional work and aspects related to the team. The construction of interprofessional collaborative practices permeates collective spaces in moments of professional integration. However, there are weaknesses arising from the fragmentation of professional practices and the lack of user-centeredness.

O modo de trabalhar das equipes de Saúde da Família pode favorecer o compartilhamento entre diferentes campos de saberes e o desenvolvimento de práticas colaborativas interprofissionais. Objetivou-se compreender como se dá a construção de práticas colaborativas interprofissionais no processo de trabalho em unidades de Saúde da Família (USF). Investigação exploratória, descritiva, com abordagens quantitativa e qualitativa, realizada com equipes de Saúde da Família de 26 municípios do interior paulista, utilizando dados secundários e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Da análise, emergiram duas categorias temáticas: o desenvolvimento do trabalho interprofissional e aspectos relacionados com a equipe. A construção das práticas colaborativas interprofissionais perpassa os espaços coletivos em momentos de integração dos profissionais. Porém, existem fragilidades decorrentes da fragmentação das práticas profissionais e da não centralidade no usuário.

El modo de trabajar de los equipos de Salud de la Familia puede favorecer la compartición entre diferentes campos de saberes y el desarrollo de prácticas colaborativas interprofesionales. El objetivo fue comprender cómo se realiza la construcción de prácticas colaborativas interprofesionales en el proceso de trabajo en unidades de Salud de la Familia. Una investigación exploratoria, descriptiva, con abordajes cuantitativo y cualitativo, realizada con equipos de Salud de la Familia de 26 municipios del interior del Estado de São Paulo, utilizando datos secundarios y entrevistas semiestructuradas. Del análisis surgieron dos categorías temáticas: el desarrollo del trabajo interprofesional y aspectos relacionados con el equipo. La construcción de las prácticas colaborativas interprofesionales atraviesa los espacios colectivos, en momentos de integración de los profesionales. No obstante, hay fragilidades provenientes de la fragmentación de las prácticas profesionales y de la no centralidad en el usuario.

Parthenolide (PTN) is a secondary metabolite of the plant Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schulz Bip. and is considered the chemical marker of this species. This sesquiterpene lactone (germacrene skeleton) has been described as responsible for the biological activity of the leaf extract. In addition, several studies in the literature have demonstrated its antiparasitic and antineoplastic activity. However, there is a need for knowledge of other safety parameters, such as pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and toxicity evaluations. Therefore, in this investigation, the in vitro metabolism of parthenolide was performed with rat liver microsomes and biomimetic metabolism (such as cytochrome P-450 system) using organometallic catalysts. The biomimetic procedure was validated since the major compound of biomimetic oxidative reaction with meta-chloroperbenzoic acid catalyzed by metalloporphyrin 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)-porphyrin iron(III) chloride was also observed with rat liver microsomes. Previous chemoenzymatic synthesis studies of PTN afforded the same epoxide formation, this major oxidative compound was isolated and fully characterized as (1 R,10R)-epoxyparthenolide based on experimental and theoretical calculations of infrared (IR) and vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) data at the B3PW91/6-311G. Furthermore, for the first time, this metabolite was evaluated for trypanocidal and leishmanicidal activity. The mean inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were lower for PTN than its metabolite and showed significant cytotoxic effects for both parasites. This finding holds promise for addressing neglected diseases.

Analysis of variance (ANOVA)-simultaneous component analysis (ASCA) is a method of choice for factorial design studies of environmental impacts on plant metabolomes and can be used to quantitatively carry out this comparative analysis. The impacts of seven mixture design extractor systems made up of ethanol, dichloromethane, and hexane and their 1:1 binary and 1:1:1 ternary solvents for several replicate experiments (n = 3, 4, 5) were assessed using ASCA models determined from Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), near-infrared (NIR), and UV-Vis spectroscopic measurements on yerba mate leaf extracts. This analysis considered two-factor effects: secondary sexual dimorphism (male and female plants) and cultivation systems (monoculture and agroforestry), as well as their interaction effect. The three binary solvents were found to be more efficient extractor systems for all four detectors as they found 83 main and interaction effects significant at or above the 95% confidence level compared with only 47 for the pure solvent extracts. Binary solvent extracts resulted in averages between 44.04 and 86.61% for the ASCA total effect variances compared with 40.62 to 71.07% for pure extractors. Of the 60 significant effects found for experiments with 5 repetitions 53 or 88% were obtained with only triplicate determinations. The choice of spectroscopic technique and solvent system have large impacts on metabolomic analysis results.

This study aimed to isolate, purify and characterize secondary metabolites present in Amburana acreana leaves, native to the state of Rondônia, using classical chromatographic methods and 1D, 2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. From the hydroethanolic leaves extract of A. acreana, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, coumarin, campesterol 3-β-D-glucoside and amburoside B, all known compounds, were identified. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of isolation and chemical characterization of secondary metabolites in A. acreana. In addition, in vitro assays indicated that amburoside B does not have inhibitory potential on the growth of gram-negative bacteria. The presence of these compounds suggests that, thus far, amburosides (A and B) could be chemotaxonomic markers of the genus Amburana.

Diaporthe phaseolorum, an endophyte isolated from Combretum lanceolatum, has exhibited diverse biological activities including antimicrobial, leishmanicidal, antitumoral, and herbicidal properties. Regardless of these activities, there remains limited research on its chemical constituents. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the metabolome of D. phaseolorum employing mass spectrometry data dereplication through molecular networking and MolNetEnhancer tools. Twenty two molecular families were annotated, including prenol lipids, benzenoids, organoheterocyclic compounds, and nucleosides. Among the 41 nodes annotated, 36 metabolites were confirmed via spectral references, including alismol, farnesol, linoleic acid, tyramine, N-acetyl-tyramine, 5-methoxy-1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde, 6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one, and adenosine. Further node annotation was achieved through MolNetEnhancer, resulting in the classification of an additional 68 nodes into various molecular families. Consequently, this study represents a significant contribution to the identification of the D. phaseolorum metabolome, highlighting its secondary metabolites and providing valuable chemical insights to elucidate its demonstrated biological activities.

ABSTRACT Introduction: cervical cancer represents a serious public health problem despite being highly preventable. Objective: to determine the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the participation of women in the area of influence of a Public Hospital in the prevention of cervical cancer between the months of January to December of the years 2020 to 2021. Methodology: non-experimental cross-sectional descriptive design, with a quantitative approach. The total number of women participating in the prevention of cervical cancer in the area of influence of the Public Hospital was included. Secondary data were used that were loaded into a previously prepared form. Results: 61 % of the women were of 13 years old at risk, 83 % were not pregnant and 17 % were pregnant, 53 % had a history of PAP and 47 % did not, 86 % had a negative result for lesion, 9 % inflammatory and 4 % positive. Among the positive results, the predominant one was ASCUS with 47 %. The majority women had a negative PAP result. As a conclusion among women with positive results, there was a predominance of ASCUS diagnoses and in second place CIN I LSIL. Conclusion: the features that were found to be significantly associated with the PAP result were: being part of the age group at risk and presence of pregnancy. It is suggested to continue emphasizing prevention and follow-up, to investigate the ages at risk and to include other variables of interest in future studies.

RESUMEN Introducción: el cáncer cervical representa un grave problema de salud pública a pesar de ser altamente prevenible. Objetivo: determinar las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de la participación de las mujeres del área de influencia de un Hospital Público en la prevención del cáncer de cuello uterino entre los meses de enero a diciembre de los años 2020 al 2021. Metodología: diseño no experimental de corte transversal tipo descriptivo, con enfoque cuantitativo. Se incluyó el total de mujeres participantes de la prevención de cáncer cervical en el área de influencia del Hospital Público. Se utilizaron datos secundarios que fueron cargados en una planilla elaborada previamente. Resultados: el 61 % de las mujeres estaban en edad de riesgo, 83 % no estaban embarazadas y 17 % si, 53 % tiene antecedente de PAP y 47 %, no, 86 % tuvo resultado negativo para lesión, 9 % inflamatorio y 4 % positivo. Entre los resultados positivos el preponderante fue el de ASCUS con un 47 %. Se concluye que la mayoría de las mujeres tuvieron un resultado de PAP negativo. Entre las mujeres con resultados positivos se tuvo preponderancia de diagnósticos de ASCUS y en segundo lugar CIN I LSIL. Conclusión: las características que se encontraron significativamente asociadas al resultado de PAP fueron: formar parte del grupo de edad de riesgo y presencia de embarazo. Se sugiere seguir haciendo hincapié en la prevención y seguimiento, indagar en las edades de riesgo e incluir otras variables de interés en futuros estudios.

Resumen: El síndrome carcinoide es un síndrome paraneoplásico que se presenta en tumores neuroendocrinos. Aunque es una entidad infrecuente suele ser la primera manifestación de la enfermedad. La baja incidencia junto a la presentación inespecífica genera retrasos diagnósticos importantes. Se presenta el caso de una paciente con síntomas digestivos y tuforadas que posteriormente agrega insuficiencia cardíaca, logrando mediante un ecocardiograma típico y marcadores analíticos el diagnóstico de síndrome carcinoide. Posteriormente se evidencia que su origen en un tumor neuroendocrino bronquial. Conocer las características de este síndrome es fundamental para mantener una alta sospecha clínica en pacientes con síntomas sugestivos logrando un diagnóstico precoz y adecuado.

Abstract: Carcinoid syndrome is a paraneoplastic syndrome that occurs in neuroendocrine tumors. Although It is an uncommon entity, it is usually the first manifestation of the disease. The low incidence besides the non-specific presentation generates important diagnostic delays. We present the case of a patient presenting digestive symptoms and flushing that subsequently adds heart failure, achieving though a typical echocardiogram and analytical markers the diagnosis of carcinoid syndrome. Later it is discovered its origin in a bronchial neuroendocrine tumor. Knowing the characteristics of this syndrome is essential to maintain a high clinical suspicion in patients with suggestive symptoms, in order to achieve an early and adequate diagnosis.

Resumo: El síndrome carcinoide é um síndrome paraneoplásico que ocorre em tumores neuroendócrinos. Embora seja uma entidade rara, geralmente é a primeira manifestação da doença. A baixa incidência, juntamente com a apresentação inespecífica, resulta em atrasos importantes no diagnóstico. Apresentamos o caso de uma paciente com sintomas digestivos e ruborização cutânea, que posteriormente desenvolve insuficiência cardíaca. O diagnóstico de síndrome carcinoide foi estabelecido por meio de um ecocardiograma característico e marcadores analíticos. Posteriormente, foi evidenciada a origem em um tumor neuroendócrino brônquico. Conhecer as características deste síndrome é fundamental para manter uma alta suspeita clínica em pacientes com sintomas sugestivos, permitindo um diagnóstico precoce e adequado.

Abstract Introduction: The nursing area should perform a comprehensive assessment of adolescents and young people to be able to have an early intervention in the risk habits of this part of the population. Objective: Know how the consumption of energy drinks affects the mental health of adolescents and young adults. Methodology: Systematic review using selected reports for systematic reviews and PRISMA meta-analysis, searching Web Of Science, Medline, Scopus and Pubmed databases with descriptors such as energy drinks, mental health, young adult and adolescent. The inclusion criteria included articles published between 2017 and 2022, in Spanish, English or Portuguese, in the population aged 13 to 25, excluding secondary research, editorials, letters to the editor and expert opinions, not available in full text. Identifying 372 articles, leaving a sample of 10 for analysis and methodological evaluation using CASPe guidelines. Data used were duly referenced, respecting and identifying their authors. Results: The majority were studies using cross-sectional design. Frequent consumption of energy drinks increased levels of anxiety, depression, aggression and suicidal risk, with male adolescents being more affected. Conclusions: Although there was evidence of a relationship between energy drink consumption and mental health risks, most of the research used cross-sectional designs, so it was not possible to determine causality or direction of effect. In order to study the effect of energy drink consumption in depth, longitudinal studies and interventions are required since consumption is frequent and mental health problems are on the rise.

Abstrato Introdução: A área de enfermagem deve realizar uma avaliação abrangente dos adolescentes e jovens para poder intervir precocemente nos hábitos de risco dessa parcela da população. . Objetivo: Conhecer como o consumo de bebidas energéticas afeta a saúde mental de adolescentes e adultos jovens. Metodologia: Revisão sistemática usando relatórios selecionados para revisões sistemáticas e meta-análise PRISMA, pesquisando nos bancos de dados Web Of Science, Medline, Scopus e Pubmed com descritores como bebidas energéticas, saúde mental, adultos jovens e adolescentes. Os critérios de inclusão foram artigos publicados entre 2017 e 2022, em espanhol, inglês ou português, na população de 13 a 25 anos, excluindo pesquisas secundárias, editoriais, cartas ao editor ou opiniões de especialistas, não disponíveis em texto completo. Identificando 372 artigos, restando uma amostra de 10 para análise e avaliação metodológica utilizando as diretrizes do CASPe. Os dados utilizados foram devidamente referenciados, respeitando e identificando seus autores. Resultados: A maioria era de estudos com desenho transversal. O consumo frequente de bebidas energéticas aumentou os níveis de ansiedade, depressão, agressão e risco de suicídio, sendo os adolescentes do sexo masculino os mais afetados. Conclusões: Embora houvesse evidências de uma relação entre o consumo de bebidas energéticas e os riscos à saúde mental, a maioria das pesquisas utilizou desenhos transversais, de modo que não foi possível determinar a causalidade ou a direção do efeito. Para estudar o efeito do consumo de bebidas energéticas em profundidade, são necessários estudos longitudinais e intervenções, já que o consumo é frequente e os problemas de saúde mental estão aumentando.

Resumen Introducción: Enfermería debe realizar una valoración integral de adolescentes y jóvenes para poder intervenir en forma temprana sobre hábitos de riesgo. Objetivo: Conocer cómo afecta el consumo de bebidas energéticas en la salud mental de adolescentes y adultos jóvenes. Metodología: Revisión sistemática empleando informes preferidos para revisiones sistemáticas y metaanálisis PRISMA, realizando búsqueda en bases de datos Web Of Science, Medline, Scopus y Pubmed con descriptores bebidas energéticas, salud mental, adulto joven y adolescente, los criterios de inclusión fueron; artículos publicados entre 2017 y 2022, en idioma español, inglés o portugués, en población de 13 a 25 años, excluyendo investigaciones secundarias, editoriales, cartas al editor u opiniones de expertos, no disponibles en texto completo. Identificando 372 artículos, quedando una muestra de 10 para análisis y evaluación metodológica mediante pautas CASPe. Los datos utilizados fueron debidamente referenciados, respetando e identificando a sus autores. Resultados: La mayoría fueron estudios con diseño transversal, el ser consumidor frecuente de bebidas energéticas aumentó niveles de ansiedad, depresión, agresividad y riesgo suicida, siendo más afectados los adolescentes de género masculino. Conclusiones: Si bien se evidenció relación entre consumo de bebidas energéticas y riesgos para la salud mental, la mayoría de las investigaciones utilizaron diseños transversales, por lo cual no fue posible determinar causalidad o dirección del efecto. Se requieren estudios longitudinales e intervenciónes para estudiar con profundidad el consumo de bebidas energizantes, debido a que el consumo es frecuente y los problemas de salud mental van en aumento.

Abstract Introduction: various human groups have been trapped by the networks of narcopolitics. Many ethnic communities, products of marginalization and systematic discrimination from colonial times to the present, have been co-opted by drug traffickers for their benefit. Objective: analyze the role that indigenous communities have played in the interdependencies between drug traffickers and politicians, in the territories of the Tsotsiles and the Tseltales of the Altos de Chiapas - Mexico. Methodology: carries out a qualitative investigative and exploratory type, which includes technical observation of the participants, unstructured interviews with inhabitants of the area and review of secondary sources. The analysis considers elements of the discourse and is present in historical sequence. The study was based on the theory of resource dependence, recognizing different strategies for resistance. Conclusions: the communities studied have managed to remain distant from the power of drug traffickers. On the one hand, through the strategy of stealthy transfer to municipalities adjacent to where the cartels have begun to have a presence. And second, social cohesion was achieved due to a strong system of political positions, which prevents members of organizations that compete for scarce resources from reaching high levels of the administrative hierarchy of the communities.

Resumo Introdução: vários grupos humanos foram encurralados pelas redes da narcopolítica. Muitas comunidades étnicas, produtos da marginalização e da discriminação sistemática desde os tempos coloniais até ao presente, foram cooptadas pelos traficantes de droga para seu benefício. Objetivo: analisar o papel que as comunidades indígenas têm desempenhado nas interdependências entre traficantes de drogas e políticos, nos territórios dos Tsotsiles e dos Tseltales dos Altos de Chiapas - México. Metodologia: realiza um tipo qualitativo investigativo e exploratório, que inclui observação técnica dos participantes, entrevistas não estruturadas com moradores da área e revisão de fontes secundárias. A análise considera elementos do discurso e está presente na sequência histórica. O estudo baseou-se na teoria da dependência de recursos, reconhecendo diferentes estratégias de resistência. Conclusões: as comunidades estudadas conseguiram manter-se distantes do poder dos traficantes de drogas. Por um lado, através da estratégia de transferência furtiva para municípios adjacentes onde os cartéis começaram a ter presença. E em segundo lugar, a coesão social foi alcançada devido a um forte sistema de posições políticas, que impede os membros de organizações que competem por recursos escassos de alcançar altos níveis da hierarquia administrativa das comunidades.

Resumen Introducción: diversos grupos humanos han sido atrapados por las redes de la narcopolítica. Muchas comunidades étnicas, producto de la marginación y la discriminación sistemática desde tiempos coloniales hasta la actualidad, han sido cooptadas por los narcos para su beneficio. Objetivo: analizar el papel que han jugado las comunidades indígenas frente a las interdependencias entre narcos y políticos, en territorios de los Tsotsiles y los Tseltales de los Altos de Chiapas, México. Metodología: se realizó una investigación exploratoria de tipo cualitativo, que incluyó las técnicas de observación participante, entrevistas desestructuradas con habitantes de la zona y revisión de fuentes secundarias. El análisis considera elementos del discurso, presentados siguiendo una secuencia histórica. El estudio se apoyó en la teoría de dependencia de recursos, que reconoce diferentes estrategias para su resistencia. Conclusiones: las comunidades estudiadas han logrado permanecer distantes al poder de los narcos. Por un lado, mediante la estrategia de traslado sigiloso hacia municipios adyacentes a donde han empezado tener presencia los carteles. Y segundo, la cohesión social se logró debido a un fuerte sistema de cargos políticos, que impide a integrantes de organizaciones que compiten por recursos escasos, alcanzar altos niveles de la jerarquía administrativa de las comunidades.

Resumen En este artículo se indagan las desigualdades en los itinerarios internacionales de entradas y salidas en el sistema universitario vinculando las migraciones con la educación y las movilidades académicas. A partir de un análisis cuantitativo de fuentes primarias y secundarias, se explora la presencia de estudiantes migrantes y de intercambio de grado y posgrado en la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), así como las movilidades desde esta institución hacia diversos destinos del mundo. Entre los principales hallazgos destaca la identificación de espacios relativamente jerarquizados y un perfil selectivo de estudiantes en las movilidades que se encuadran en las políticas de internacionalización. Sobresale una mayor heterogeneidad de perfiles entre estudiantes de la UNC nacidos en el extranjero. El principal aporte del artículo es que se analizan simultáneamente movilidades que suelen observarse por separado, lo que permite vislumbrar los diversos recorridos de los estudiantes signados por el origen de la clase social.

ABSTRACT This paper researches the inequalities in the international itineraries of entrances and exits in the university system, linking migrations with education and academic mobility. With this purpose, it is explored from a quantitative analysis of primary and secondary sources, the presence of migrant students and undergraduate and graduate exchange students at the Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), and the mobilities from the same institution to various destinations in the world. Among the main findings, the identification of relatively hierarchical spaces and a selective profile of students in the mobilities that fall within the internationalization policies stand out. Meanwhile, among UNC students born abroad, a greater heterogeneity of profiles stands out. The main contribution of this article is to simultaneously analyze mobilities that are usually observed separately, allowing us to glimpse various routes of mobile students, marked by their social class origin.

Abstract Introduction. Endophytic fungi (EF) in grapevines (Vitis vinifera) have great potential for agricultural applications and may represent possible biological control agents for vineyards. Objective. To isolate and identify endophytic fungi (EF) from grapevine plants with antibiosis capacity against Botrytis cinerea. Materials and methods. Young and mature branches from forty healthy grapevine plants were collected from seven production lots in the Cañete province, Lima, Peru, during March to May 2022. EF isolation was performed on 702 sections of disinfected tissues using potato dextrose agar (PDA) culture medium, and identification was carried out at the genus level. Secondary metabolites were extracted from twenty-eight EF strains to determine the mycelial inhibition of the pathogen. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted on the evaluated parameters using the Minitab statistical program. Results. A total of 129 EF strains were isolated from leaves and stems of young and mature grapevine branches, encompassing seven genera (Trichoderma, Aspergillus, Alternaria, Cladosporium, Fusarium, Nigrospora, and Stemphylium). The highest frequency was found in leaves and mature branches. Trichoderma and Alternaria were the most frecuent genera in grapevine plants, with 22.48 % and 21.71%, respectively. Metabolites obtained from the EFVH-01 strain of the genus Cladosporium, and EF-99 and EF-70 strains of the genus Alternaria, had the greatest effect on mycelial inhibition of the pathogen. Conclusions. Strains of endophytic fungi from the genera Cladosporium and Alternaria showed antibiosis capacity against Botrytis cinerea at the laboratory scale, which could potential biocontrol agents of pathogens in grapevine cultivation.

Resumen Introducción. Los hongos endófitos (HE) de la vid (Vitis vinifera) tienen un gran potencial de aplicación en la agricultura y pueden representar posibles agentes de control biológico de los viñedos. Objetivo. Aislar e identificar los hongos endófitos (HE) de plantas de vid con capacidad de antibiosis hacia Botrytis cinerea. Materiales y métodos. Se colectaron ramas jóvenes y maduras de cuarenta plantas sanas de vid de siete lotes de producción en la provincia de Cañete, Lima, Perú, durante los meses de marzo a mayo 2022. El aislamiento de HE se realizó de 702 secciones de tejidos desinfectados en medio de cultivo papa dextrosa agar (PDA) y la identificación fue a nivel de género. Se extrajeron metabolitos secundarios de veintiocho cepas de HE para determinar la inhibición micelial del patógeno. Se llevó a cabo un análisis de varianza (ANDEVA) de los parámetros evaluados con el programa estadístico Minitab. Resultados. Se aislaron un total de 129 cepas de HE de hojas y tallos de ramas jóvenes y maduras de vid, que correspondieron a siete géneros (Trichoderma, Aspergillus, Alternaria, Cladosporium, Fusarium, Nigrospora y Stemphylium). La mayor frecuencia se presentó en las hojas y rama madura. Trichoderma y Alternaria fueron los géneros más frecuentes en las plantas de vid con 22,48 % y 21,71 %, respectivamente. Los metabolitos obtenidos de las cepas HEVH-01 del género Cladosporium, HEV-99 y HEV-70 del género Alternaria, tuvieron mayor efecto en la inhibición micelial del patógeno. Conclusiones. Cepas de hongos endofitos del género Cladosporium y Alternaria mostraron capacidad de antibiosis hacia Botrytis cinerea a escala de laboratorio, los cuales podrían ser potenciales biocontroladores de patógenos en el cultivo de vid.

Abstract Introduction. “Green mold,” caused by Penicillium digitatum is one of the phytosanitary issues that limits citrus production. For its control, synthetic fungicides are used, which have lost effectiveness due to resistance developed by the fungus. An alternative is the use of endophytic fungi with biocontrol action. Objective. To evaluate the effect of secondary metabolites (SM) from endophytic fungi (EF) on the mycelial inhibition of Penicillium digitatum and the effectiveness of disease control in mandarin fruits (Citrus reticulata) post-harvest. Materials and methods. The study was conducted in 2022, using a completely randomized experimental design in the Plant Health Laboratory at the Universidad Nacional de Cañete (UNDC), Lima, Peru. For the antibiosis test, secondary metabolites were extracted from ten strains of EF from the genera Trichoderma sp., Fusarium sp., and Aspergillus sp., where mycelial inhibition of the pathogen (%) was evaluated. SMs were sprayed at 15 % (v/v) concentration on mandarin fruits that were disinfected and inoculated with the pathogen by spraying (1x 105 CFU/cc). Additionally, a commercial biocontrol, a vegetable oil, and a fungicide were used. After 6 and 9 days, disease incidence (%) and severity index (0, 1, 2, 3) were evaluated. Results. Secondary metabolites from strains the HEA-111 (Aspergillus), HEA-109 (Fusarium), and HSA-1 (Trichoderma) showed the highest mycelial inhibition with 95.05 %, 87.51 %, and 47.47 %, respectively. In mandarin fruits treated with SMs from strains HEA-109 and HSA-1, there was a control of 80 % and 55 %, respectively. Conclusions. SMs from EF were effective in inhibiting the mycelial growth of P. digitatum and reduces disease progression in mandarin fruits post-harvest.

Resumen Introducción. El “moho verde” causado por Penicillium digitatum es uno de los problemas fitosanitarios que limita la producción en los cítricos. Para su control se utilizan fungicidas sintéticos, que han perdido eficacia, debido a la resistencia generada por el hongo. Una alternativa, es el uso de hongos endófitos con acción biocontroladora. Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de metabolitos secundarios (MS) de hongos endófitos (HE) en la inhibición micelial de Penicillium digitatum y la eficacia de control de la enfermedad, en frutos de mandarina (Citrus reticulata) después de la cosecha. Materiales y métodos. El estudio se realizó en 2022, bajo un diseño experimental completo al azar, en el laboratorio de Sanidad Vegetal, Universidad Nacional de Cañete (UNDC), Lima, Perú. Para la prueba de antibiosis se extrajeron los metabolitos secundarios de diez cepas de HE de los géneros Trichoderma sp., Fusarium sp. y Aspergillus sp., en donde se evaluó la inhibición micelial del patógeno (%). Se asperjaron MS a una concentración del 15 % (v/v) sobre frutos de mandarina que fueron desinfectados e inoculados con el patógeno por aspersión (1x105 UFC/cc). Adicionalmente, se utilizaron un biocontrol comercial, un aceite vegetal y un fungicida. Después de 6 y 9 días, se evaluaron la incidencia (%) y el índice de severidad (0,1,2,3) de la enfermedad. Resultados. Los metabolitos secundarios de las cepas HEA-111 (Aspergillus), HEA-109 (Fusarium) y HSA-1 (Trichoderma) presentaron la mayor inhibición micelial con 95,05 %, 87,51 % y 47,47 %, respectivamente. En los frutos de mandarina tratados con los MS de las cepas HEA-109 y HSA-1, hubo un control del 80 % y 55 %, respectivamente. Conclusiones. Los MS de HE tuvieron efecto en la inhibición micelial de P. digitatum y redujeron el avance de la enfermedad en frutos de mandarina después de la cosecha.

Resumen A partir de un estudio sociodemográfico, se describe la disolución conyugal por divorcio y separación, en familias de la región fronteriza del norte de México. Se proporciona una visión general acerca del nivel de frecuencia de la inestabilidad conyugal a nivel regional y algunas de las diferencias entre las entidades federativas que la componen. Se utiliza la Encuesta Nacional de la Dinámica Demográfica (Enadid) de 2018 y otras fuentes de información secundaria. El análisis se basa en los indicadores obtenidos de las disoluciones de la primera unión conyugal de mujeres alguna vez unidas, mediante el uso de la técnica de tablas de vida y los modelos de regresión logística. Entre otros resultados, se encontró que la región norteña tiene uno de los niveles más altos de disolución conyugal en el país, pero con interesantes diferencias que destacan entre los estados del noroeste y el noreste, generando un patrón dual en la región.

Abstract This is a descriptive socio-demographic study of the marital dissolution by divorce and separation in the northern border region of Mexico. The objective is to provide a general view of the level of this type of dissolutions in the region and some of its differences among the federal entities that form it. For this purpose, we use information from the National Survey of the Demographic Dynamics 2018 (ENADID) and secondary sources of information. The analysis is based on the indicators about the dissolution of the first conjugal union of ever-married women that were calculated through the life table technique and logistic regression models. The results evidence that the northern region has one of the highest levels of marital dissolution in the country, but with interesting differences between the states located in the northwest and the northeast generating a dual pattern in the region.

ABSTRACT Chondracanthus chamissoi is a commercially important algae used as raw material in direct human consumption and carrageenan extraction. This species is cultivated via vegetative propagation and through the production of spores; however, there is a lack of information on techniques for early-stage secondary attachment discs (SAD) formation under laboratory conditions. The present work aimed to determine the formation of DFS in function of different initial cultivation conditions, using Argopecten purpuratus shells as natural substrate for the SAD fixation, factorially varying the inoculum (washed algae and unwashed), the type of substrate (biologized; unbiologized) and the water (treated, untreated). Our results showed significant SAD formation of C. chamissoi in the treatments where the algae were washed and average of 1 - 21 SAD / shell was accounted. On the other hand, a significant increase in SAD is observed in the interaction of the treatments where the water was treated and untreated water or biologized and unbiologized. Therefore, we consider that cleaning protocols in the initial stages is essential for this type of cultivation by vegetative propagation.

RESUMEN Chondracanthus chamissoi es un alga de importancia comercial usada como materia prima en el consumo humano directo y en la extracción de carragenina. Esta especie es cultivada vía propagación vegetativa y/o mediante la producción de esporas; sin embargo, hay una falta de información sobre las técnicas para el manejo en etapas iniciales en la formación de discos de fijación secundaria (DFS) en laboratorio. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo determinar la formación de DFS en función de distintos tratamientos de cultivo inicial, empleando como sustrato natural valvas de Argopecten purpuratus para la fijación de los DFS, variando factorialmente el inóculo (alga lavada y sin lavar), el manejo del sustrato (biologizado y sin biologizar) y el agua (tratada y sin tratar). Los resultados mostraron una mayor formación de DFS de C. chamissoi en los tratamientos donde el alga era lavada y se contabilizaron un rango de 1 a 21 DFS / valva en promedio. Por otro lado, se observó un aumento significativo de DFS en la interacción de los tratamientos donde el agua era clorada y sin clorar o con sustrato biologizado y sin biologizar. Por lo tanto, se considera que realizar protocolos de limpieza en etapas iniciales es primordial para este tipo de cultivo por propagación vegetativa.

Resumen La incorporación de nuevas tecnologías, como ultrasonido, J-Plasma (plasma de helio) y el Microaire (vibroliposucción), ha facilitado los procedimientos de lipoescultura consiguiendo una mayor satisfacción del paciente. Los beneficios de estas tecnologías se acompañan de bajas complicaciones reportadas; el presente caso constituye la cuarta descripción de neumomediastino secundario a la utilización de Renuvion® (J-Plasma) posterior a la extracción de grasa en brazos y muslos por medio de liposucción; esta infrecuente complicación se debe considerar diagnóstico diferencial en el estudio de presentación clínica de disnea y enfisema subcutáneo durante el posoperatorio.

Abstract The incorporation of new technologies such as ultrasound, J-Plasma (helium plasma) and MicroAire (power assited liposuction) has facilitated liposculpture procedures, resulting in greater patient satisfaction. The benefits of these technologies are accompanied by low reported complications; this case is the fourth description of pneumomediastinum secondary to the use of Renuvion® (J-Plasma) after liposuction for fat removal in the arms and thighs. This rare complication should be considered as part of the differential diagnosis during the study of clinical dyspnea and subcutaneous emphysema in the postoperative period.