ABSTRACT The feeding habits of the bonito Euthynnus alletteratus and the albacore Thunnus alalunga were assessed by analyzing the contents of 85 stomachs (50 from bonito and 35 from albacore) collected between March 2018 and April 2019. A qualitative and quantitative analysis of the prey found in the stomach contents was conducted, as well as of the trophic spectrum between species and climatic seasons. Climatic information was obtained through satellite images, analyzing variables such as sea surface temperature, salinity, and winds. In terms of abundance, the most representative prey were the fish Sardinella aurita (42.48 %) and Teleostei remains (27.45 %) for E. alletteratus, and Megalopa larvae (56.89 %) and Teleostei remains (10.26 %) for T. alalunga. The relative importance index indicates that the main prey for E. alletteratus were Teleostei remains (IRI = 1460.65) and Sardinella aurita (IRI = 1179.70), while, for T. alalunga they were megalopa larvae (IRI = 1367.19) and Teleostei remains (IRI = 840.94). These large pelagic predators were classified as generalists, with a low prey diversity in their stomach content. No trophic overlap was observed between the two species.

RESUMEN Se evaluaron los hábitos alimentarios del bonito Euthynnus alletteratus y la albacora Thunnus alalunga a partir del análisis de los contenidos de 85 estómagos (50 de bonito y 35 de albacora) recolectados entre marzo de 2018 y abril de 2019. Se realizó un análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo de las presas encontradas en dichos estómagos, así como del espectro trófico entre especies y temporadas climáticas. La información climática se obtuvo a través de imágenes satelitales, analizando variables como la temperatura superficial del mar, la salinidad y los vientos. En términos de abundancia, las presas más representativas fueron el pez Sardinella aurita (42.48 %) y restos de Teleostei (27.45 %) para E. alletteratus, y larvas megalopa (56.89 %) y restos de Teleostei (10.26 %) para T. alalunga. El índice de importancia relativa indica, como presas principales, a restos de Teleostei (IRI = 1460.65) y Sardinella aurita (IRI = 1179.70) para E. alletteratus, y a larvas megalopa (IRI = 1367.19) y restos de Teleostei (IRI = 840.94) para T. alalunga. Estos grandes depredadores pelágicos fueron catalogados como generalistas, con baja diversidad de presas en el contenido estomacal, y no se observó solapamiento trófico entre las dos especies.

Abstract The aim of this study was to describe a new species of Didymozoidae (Trematoda) found in the mesentery of Euthynnus alletteratus (Rafinesque) off Cabo Frio, in the coastal area of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Thirty specimens of E. alletteratus were obtained between August 2023 and June 2024, directly from traders who sell fresh fish in markets. The parasites were fixed in AFA (93% ethanol 70%, 5% formaldehyde and 2% glacial acetic acid) with or without compression, stained with Langeron’s hydrochloric carmine, dehydrated in an alcohol series, clarified in clove oil and mounted in Canada balsam as permanent slides. The new species was assigned to the genus Lobatozoum Ishii, 1935, mainly by the presence of lobes in the posterior region of the body and by the arrangement of the testes, ovary and vitellaria. Lobatozoum woodi n. sp. differs from all congeneric species mainly by presenting three testicular tubules, by the size of pharynx, larger than the oral sucker, and by the absence of digestive glands cells in esophagus and initial portion of caeca. The finding of a new species of Lobatozoum represents the eleventh valid species in the genus. Trematoda (Trematoda Rafinesque (Rafinesque Frio Janeiro Brazil E 202 2024 markets 93% 93 (93 70 70% 5 2 acid compression Langerons Langeron s carmine series slides Ishii 1935 testes vitellaria n sp tubules pharynx sucker caeca 20 9 (9 7 193 ( 19 1

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever uma nova espécie de Didymozoidae (Trematoda), encontrada no mesentério de Euthynnus alletteratus (Rafinesque), coletado em Cabo Frio, zona costeira do estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Trinta espécimes de E. alletteratus foram obtidos entre agosto de 2023 e junho de 2024, diretamente de comerciantes que comercializam peixe fresco em mercados. Os parasitos foram fixados em AFA (93% etanol 70%, 5% formaldeído, 2% ácido acético glacial) com ou sem compressão, corados com carmim clorídrico de Langeron, desidratados em série alcoólica, clarificados em óleo de cravo e montados em bálsamo do Canadá como lâminas permanentes. A nova espécie foi atribuída ao gênero Lobatozoum Ishii, 1935, principalmente devido à presença de lóbulos na região posterior do corpo e pelo arranjo dos testículos, ovário e vitelária. Lobatozoum woodi n. sp. difere de todas as espécies congêneres principalmente por apresentar três ramos testiculares, tamanho da faringe, que é muito maior que a ventosa oral e ausência de células glandulares no esôfago e porção inicial do ceco. Lobatozoum woodi n. sp. representa a décima primeira espécie válida do gênero. Trematoda, Trematoda , (Trematoda) Rafinesque, Rafinesque (Rafinesque) Frio Janeiro Brasil E 202 2024 mercados 93% 93 (93 70 70% 5 formaldeído 2 glacial compressão Langeron alcoólica permanentes Ishii 1935 testículos vitelária n sp testiculares faringe ceco (Trematoda (Rafinesque 20 9 (9 7 193 ( 19 1

Abstract The diet of Sarda chiliensis from artisanal fishing in northern Chile from May 2017 to March 2018 was analyzed. Stomach content analysis resulted that the most frequent and abundant prey was Pleuroncodes monodon with the highest value of Index of Relative Importance in the diet (%IRI= 45.8) followed by Engraulis ringens. No correlation was found between the length of the main prey (P. monodon and E. ringens) and the size of the predator. S. chiliensis tended to be a generalist predator (Bi= 0.75) with a trophic position NT= 4.3, a trophic level characteristic of species considered top predators.

Resumo Na pesca, o fenômeno fishing down food webs, ou ‘pescando teias tróficas abaixo’, expressa a redução do nível trófico na composição das capturas, e tem origem tradicionalmente atribuída à sobrepesca. Sob intenso extrativismo, a resiliência das espécies carnívoras, predadoras de topo, é particularmente afetada, sendo seus estoques os primeiros a entrarem em depleção. A cavala, ou serra, ou sororoca, Scomberomorus brasiliensis, é exemplo de recurso predador historicamente alvo da pesca artesanal, de pequena escala, na costa brasileira. O presente trabalho analisa os valores de desembarque do recurso em três períodos ao longo de 50 anos na costa paranaense, sul do Brasil, com objetivo de avaliar se sua produção tem efetivamente diminuído. Ainda, estuda-se a dieta da espécie na região, para confirmar seus hábitos carnívoros e avaliar o nível trófico na região. Os resultados mostram que, surpreendentemente, dos anos 1970 para 2019 a produção de S. brasiliensis tem aumentado em valores absolutos, bem como relativamente à de outros recursos, em que pese o nível trófico 4,238, similar a outras espécies do gênero. Constata-se que a pesca da cavala na região de estudo constitui um caso de aumento nos desembarques a despeito de elevado nível trófico e grande tamanho corpóreo. Os resultados concordam com recente levantamento em nível mundial, que nega existir correlação necessária entre sobrepesca e nível trófico alto, mas fatores que podem explicar os resultados do presente trabalho são discutidos.

Abstract In fisheries, the phenomenon known as fishing down food webs is supposed to be a consequence of overfishing, which would be reflected in a reduction in the trophic level of landings. In such scenarios, the resilience of carnivorous, top predator species is particularly affected, making these resources the first to be depleted. The Serra Spanish mackerel, Scomberomorus brasiliensis, exemplifies a predator resource historically targeted by artisanal fisheries on the Brazilian coast. The present work analyzes landings in three periods within a 50-year timescale on the Parana coast, Southern Brazil, aiming to evaluate whether historical production has supposedly declined. Simultaneously, the diet was analyzed to confirm carnivorous habits and evaluate the trophic level in this region. Surprisingly, the results show that from the 1970’s to 2019 Serra Spanish mackerel production grew relatively to other resources, as well as in individual values. The trophic level was calculated as 4.238, similar to other Scomberomorus species, consisting of a case where landings increase over time, despite the high trophic level and large body size of the resource. The results agree with a recent global assessment that has demystified a necessary correlation between high trophic level and overexploitation, but possible factors acting on the present findings are discussed.

Abstract Scombrids have mainly been studied for systematic, zoogeographic and parasitological purposes; however, there are few studies focused on the interaction between ecological parameters and the parasite com munity of a given host. Therefore, the objective of this research was to analyze the ectoparasite community of Scomberomorus from Northern Peru. A total of 58 specimens of S. sierra were obtained and were necropsied to search for parasites, which were collected and preserved. The main parasitological indices, degree of aggregation, parasite association with size, weight and sex, and finally, the alpha diversity indices of these parasitic fauna were calculated. 98% of the fish were parasitized by at least one parasitic species. The parasites with the highest preva lence were Didymocylindrus sp. (Trematoda) and Thoracocotyle crocea (Monogenea), while the parasite with the highest average intensity was Caligus pelamydis (Copepoda). The mean intensity and abundance of infection of T. crocea and unidentified Didymozoidae. were found to be positively related to the size of S. sierra. Sex showed sig nificant differences only with the mean abundance of T. crocea, and with the mean intensity of Didymocylindrus sp. The five new records of parasites in S. sierra from Peru were Didymocylindrus sp., Glomeritrema sp., uniden tified Didymozoidae, Scomberocotyle scomberomori, and C. pelamydis. This study represents the first ecological-parasitic record for S. sierra in northern Peru.

Resumen Los escómbridos han sido revisados con fines principalmente sistemáticos, zoogeográficos y parasitológicos; sin embargo, son es casos los estudios enfocados en la interacción entre los parámetros ecológicos y la comunidad parasitaria de un determinado hospedero. Es por ello que el objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la comunidad de ectoparási tos de Scomberomorus sierra, procedente del Norte del Perú. Se obtuvieron en total 58 especímenes de S. sierra que fueron necropsiados para la búsqueda de parásitos, los cuales fueron recolectados y conservados. Fueron calculados los principales índices parasitológicos, grado de agregación, asociación parasitaria con tamaño, peso y sexo, y finalmente índices de diversidad alfa de la fauna parasitaria. El 98% de los peces estuvieron parasitados por al menos una especie parasita. Los parásitos con mayor prevalencia fueron Didymocylindrus sp. (Trematoda) y Thoracocotyle crocea (Monogenea); mientras que el parásito con mayor intensidad media fue Caligus pelamydis (Copepoda). La intensidad media y la abundancia media de infección de T. crocea y Didymozoidae no identificado se encontraron relacionados positivamente con el tamaño de S. sierra. El sexo mostró diferencias significativas solo con la abundancia media de T. crocea, y con la intensidad media de Didymocylindrus sp. Los cinco nuevos registros de parásitos en S. sierra para el Perú fueron Didymocylindrus sp., Glomeritrema sp., Didymozoidae no indentificado, Scomberocotyle scomberomori, y C. pelamydis. Este estudio, representa el primer registro ecológico-parasitario para S. sierra en el norte del Perú.

ABSTRACT We present the composition of the ichthyofauna (Actinopterygii: Teleostei) caught by small-scale fisheries off the coast of Jalisco in the Mexican Central Pacific, which has 170 species grouped into 15 orders, 52 families, and 113 genera. The families with the highest species richness were Carangidae (14.7%), Haemulidae (10.0%), Sciaenidae (9.4%), Serranidae (8.2%), Lutjanidae (5.8%), and Scombridae (5.8%). The relative abundance analysis indicated 13 relevant species in the artisanal fisheries of the coast of Jalisco, with six being the most representative (Lutjanus guttatus, L. peru, L. argentiiventris, Microlepidotus brevipinnis, Haemulon flaviguttatum, and Scomberomorus sierra). Fishers use the gill net (43.3%), the hand line (33.4%), and the harpoon (10.1%) as the main fishing gear in the catch off the coast of Jalisco. The zoogeographical analysis revealed a high affinity with the Mexican Province (24.9%), followed by the Panamic Province (23.4%), the Cortez Province (23.4%), Californian-Peruvian Province (15.6%), and the Galapagos Province (12.6%). The composition of the ichthyofauna recorded in the Jalisco coast by artisanal fisheries was most likely linked to the heterogeneity of the continental shelf bottom, variation in primary productivity, temperature, salinity, and the dynamics of marine currents in the Mexican Central Pacific. Therefore, this information will serve as a basis for future comparisons with other studies that allow the sustainable management of fishery resources in Mexican Pacific coastal fisheries.

Resumen La intoxicación escombroide es ocasionada por el consumo de ciertos tipos de pescado (de la familia Scombridae), comúnmente el atún, los cuales acumulan grandes concentraciones de histamina cuando los procedimientos de refrigeración son inadecuados, ocasionando en quienes los consumen síntomas muy similares a los de una alergia alimentaria, por lo que es frecuente que no se diagnostique correctamente. Generalmente, los síntomas desaparecen en pocas horas y no suelen ser graves, excepto algunos casos descritos en la literatura especializada, de hipotensión, broncoespasmo, dificultad respiratoria, taquicardia supraventricular e, incluso, infarto agudo de miocardio. Este fue, precisamente, el caso de una mujer que ingresó al servicio de urgencias de un hospital de tercer nivel de Medellín a los pocos minutos de haber ingerido atún con una sintomatología típica de la intoxicación, pero con taquicardia supraventricular, una de sus manifestaciones graves y atípicas.

Abstract Scombroid poisoning is caused by the consumption of certain types of fish (from the Scombridae family), especially tuna. Due to inadequate refrigeration procedures, these fish have high levels of histamine which generate symptoms similar to those of a food allergy in their consumers, so it is frequently underdiagnosed. It is self-limited in a few hours and the symptoms are usually not serious, except for specific cases reported in the literature of hypotension, bronchospasm, respiratory distress, tachyarrhythmias, and even acute myocardial infarction. We report here the case of a woman admitted to the emergency department of a third level hospital in Medellín a few minutes after eating tuna with the typical symptoms of intoxication, as well as tachyarrhythmias, a serious and atypical manifestation.

Resumen: Introducción: la escombroidosis es la causa más común de ictiotoxicosis en todo el mundo. A menudo se diagnostica erróneamente como alergia al pescado mediada por IgE. Se debe al consumo de pescados de la familia Scombridae y Scomberesocidae, y otros no escómbridos que pierden la cadena adecuada de frío. Objetivo: presentar un caso clínico sobre un tipo de intoxicación alimentaria raramente diagnosticada en la población pediátrica de nuestro país, analizando sus manifestaciones clínicas y curso evolutivo. Caso clínico: paciente de 12 años que concurrió a emergencia luego de ingesta de atún, con sintomatología compatible a síndrome histaminérgico. Se realizó diagnóstico de intoxicación escombroide, se trató con antihistamínicos y corticoides, presentando buena respuesta clínica, realizamos las notificaciones epidemiológicas correspondientes. Conclusiones: patología frecuente, poco diagnosticada. Causada por error en la conservación de la cadena de frío de una variedad de pescado. El diagnóstico se realizó por la clínica y por datos epidemiológicos, en este caso la noción de ingesta de pescado. Son cuadros clínicos autolimitados, con buena evolución, que se tratan con antihistamínicos y corticoides.

Summary: Introduction: scombroidosis is the most common cause of ichthyotoxic poisoning worldwide. It is often misdiagnosed as an IgE-mediated allergy to fish. It is caused by the consumption of fish of the Scombridae and Scomberesocidae family, and other non-scombridae food item whose cold chain cycle has been stopped. Objective: present a clinical case about a type of food poisoning rarely diagnosed in the pediatric population of our country and analyze its clinical manifestations and evolutionary course. Clinical case: 12-year-old patient who attended the emergency room after eating tuna, showing symptoms compatible with histaminergic syndrome. A diagnosis of scombroid intoxication was made, he was treated with antihistamines and corticosteroids, and presented a positive clinical response. We made the corresponding epidemiological notifications. Conclusions: frequent underdiagnosed pathology. Caused by poor preservation of the cold chain of a variety of fish. The clinical diagnosis was made according to epidemiological data of fish intake. These are self-limited clinical cases, with good evolution, which are treated with antihistamines and corticosteroids.

Resumo: Introdução: a intoxicação por escombroide é a causa mais comum de ictiotoxicose no mundo. Frequentemente, é diagnosticada erroneamente como uma alergia a peixes mediada por IgE. Acontece devido ao consumo de peixes da família Scombridae e Scomberesocidae, e de outros não escombrídeos que perdem a cadeia de frio adequada. Objetivo: apresentar um caso clínico sobre um tipo de intoxicação alimentar raramente diagnosticada na população pediátrica de nosso país e analisar as suas manifestações clínicas e curso evolutivo. Caso clínico: paciente de 12 anos que deu entrada no pronto-socorro após ingestão de atum, com quadro compatível com síndrome histaminérgica. Fizemos o diagnóstico de intoxicação escombróide, ele foi tratado com anti-histamínicos e corticoesteróides, apresentando boa resposta clínica, fizemos as notificações epidemiológicas correspondentes. Conclusões: patologia frequente, pouco diagnosticada. Causada pelo corte da cadeia de frio de diversos peixes. O diagnóstico feito pela clínica esteve baseado nos dados epidemiológicos, no caso, o consumo de peixe. Esses são quadros clínicos autolimitados, com boa evolução, tratados normalmente com anti-histamínicos e corticosteroides.

Abstract This study investigated the large-scale spatial and temporal variability of larval fish assemblages in the west tropical Atlantic Ocean. The sampling was performed during four expeditions. Identification resulted in 100 taxa (64 families, 19 orders and 17 suborders). During the four periods, 80% of the total larvae taken represented eight characteristics families (Scombridae, Carangidae, Paralepididae, Bothidae, Gonostomatidae, Scaridae, Gobiidae and Myctophidae). Fish larvae showed a rather heterogeneous distribution with density at each station ranging from 0.5 to 2000 larvae per 100m3. A general trend was observed, lower densities at oceanic area and higher densities in the seamounts and islands. A gradient in temperature, salinity, phytoplankton biomass, zooplankton biomass and station depth was strongly correlated with changes in ichthyoplankton structure. Myctophidae, and Paralepididae presented increased abundance at high salinities and temperatures. Bothidae and Gobiidae were more abundant at higher phytoplankton biomass and zooplankton biomass. Scaridae, Scombridae and Gonostomatidae had higher abundances at deep offshore stations. Different events might be responsible for the formation, maintenance and breakdown of fish larvae assemblage in the tropical oceanic area of Brazil. The results suggested that the oceanographic variables (temperature, salinity, phytoplankton biomass, zooplankton biomass and station depth) played an important role on the distribution patterns of ichthyoplankton.

Abstract The Scombridae fishes are of great commercial importance in Brazil, but infections caused by helminth parasites can reduce its commercial value. Thunnus obesus from the coastal zone of Rio de Janeiro was examined for helminth parasites. Three species of Didymozoidae were found: Didymocystis alalongae Yamaguti, 1938 in gill raker and operculum, Didymocystis lamotheargumedoi Kohn & Justo, 2008 associated with 3 immature forms in the operculum and Platocystis vivipara (Yamaguti, 1970) Pozdnyakov, 1987 in the skin of dorsal region. T. obesus represent new host record for Didymocystis alalongue and for D. lamotheargumedoi and Platocystis vivipara is reported for the first time in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean.

Resumen Los peces Scombridae son de gran importancia comercial en Brasil, pero las infecciones causadas por helmintos pueden reducir su valor comercial. Thunnus obesus de la zona costera de Río de Janeiro, fue examinado en busca de helmintos. Se encontraron 3 especies de Didymozoidae: Didymocystis alalongue Yamaguti, 1938 en branquiespinas y opérculo, Didymocystis lamotheargumedoi Kohn & Justo, 2008 asociado con 3 formas inmaduras en el opérculo y Platocystis vivipara (Yamaguti, 1970) Pozdnyakov, 1987 en la piel de la región dorsal. T. obesus representa un registro nuevo de hospedero para Didymocystis alalongue y para D. lamotheargumedoi y Platocystis vivipara, se registra por primera vez en el suroeste del océano Atlántico.

Abstract: Histamine intoxication or scombroid poisoning is an alergy-like intoxication caused by deep-water fish of the Scombridae family (tuna, mackerel, bonito, etc.) in poor preservation conditions. Worldwide it is the most common cause of fish poisoning since this species is consumed in large quantities all over the world. We report two cases where both intoxications were due to eating sealed tuna.

Resumen: La intoxicación por histamina o escombroidosis es provocada por el consumo de pescado de agua profunda de la familia Scombridae (atún, caballa, bonito, etc.) en malas condiciones de conservación. Es la causa más común a nivel mundial de intoxicación por ingesta de pescado, ya que el consumo de esta especie es muy frecuente. Reportamos dos casos en los que ambas intoxicaciones fueron por comer atún sellado.

RESUMEN Scomberomorus sierra (sierra castilla) es una de las especies más importantes en la pesca artesanal del Pacífico de Colombia. Con el fin de investigar su biología reproductiva, insumo importante para la administración del recurso, se describió el desarrollo gonadal y se estimó la fecundidad parcial y el tamaño promedio de los ovocitos y la talla de madurez. Las muestras provinieron de faenas comerciales en diferentes zonas de pesca. De cada pez se obtuvo la longitud total (LT) y estándar (LS), así como el peso total y gonadal. La fecundidad se estimó combinando el método gravimétrico con análisis de imágenes, usando el software de libre acceso Image J®. Se colectaron 79 peces entre noviembre de 2013 y abril de 2014, con tallas entre 39.0 y 85.0 cm LT y peso entre 300 y 2850 g. La asignación de madurez gonadal se verificó histológicamente y se encontraron 75 hembras y 4 machos. A partir de la medición de 12084 oocitos se obtuvo un diámetro promedio de 0.551 ± 0.024 mm y valores de fecundidad variables con un ámbito entre 52398 y 480803 ovocitos/gónada. Microestructuralmente, se identificaron cuatro fases de desarrollo oocitario (perinuclear, alvéolo cortical, vitelogenado e hidratado) y en machos solo se observó un estado. El diámetro promedio de los oocitos en estado alvéolo cortical, vitelogénesis e hidratado fue de 168.75 ± 3.86 μm, 324.08 ± 5.89 μm y 388.90 ± 8.81 μm, respectivamente. La relación entre la fecundidad y las variables morfométricas del pez fue significativa y positiva, evidenciando que las hembras más grandes son las más fecundas. La talla de madurez sexual para hembras se estimó preliminarmente en 58.88 cm LT. Los resultados obtenidos son insumos de modelos pesqueros con aplicabilidad directa en medidas de manejo para S. sierra.

ABSTRACT Scomberomorus sierra (Pacific sierra) is one of the most important species in the artisanal fishing on the Colombian Pacific. In order to investigate its reproductive biology, important input for fishery management, gonadal development was described and partial fecundity and average size of the oocytes were estimated. Fish samples came from commercial landings on different fishing grounds. Total (TL) and standard lengths of each fish were measured, as well as the total and gonadal weights. Fecundity was estimated using a gravimetric method combined with image analysis performed using the open access software Image J®. 79 fish were collected between November 2013 and April 2014, ranging from 39.0 to 85.0 cm in TL and weighing between 300 and 2850 g. The allocation of gonadal maturity was histologically verified, finding 75 females and 4 males. From the measurement of 12084 oocytes, an average diameter of 0.551 ± 0.024 mm was obtained, while fecundity varied between 52398 and 480803 oocytes per gonad. Microstructurally, four stages of oocyte development (perinuclear, cortical alveoli, vitellogenic and hydrated) were identified; only one state was observed in males. Mean diameter of the oocytes in the cortical alveoli, vitellogenesis and hydrated stages were 168.75 ± 3.86 |im, 324.08 ± 5.89 |im and 388.90 ± 8.81 |im, respectively. The relationship between fecundity and morphometric variables of the fish was significant and positive, evidencing that the largest females are the most fertile. Size at sexual maturity was preliminary estimated at 58.88 cm TL. The results obtained are inputs from fishery models with direct applicability to management of S. sierra.

A disponibilidade de desenhos, fotos detalhadas, descrições precisas e medidas que caracterizem os otólitos são ferramentas imprescindíveis para diversas áreas: taxonomia, filogenia, ecologia, pesca, paleontologia, diversidade, relações presa/predador e modelagem. Da Coleção de Otólitos de Peixes Teleósteos da Região Sudeste-Sul do Brasil (COSS-Brasil), IOUSP, constam quarenta e cinco mil pares relativos a 210 espécies. Esta publicação é a primeira de uma série que constituirá um atlas de otólitos para Teleostei da região sudeste-sul brasileira e apresenta os resultados de análises morfológicas e morfométricas de 11 espécies de Gadiformes e 36 de Perciformes das medidas e índices usualmente realizados. Foram desenhados e fotografados três otólitos de cada espécie sempre que possível. A frequência de ocorrência foi calculada por classes de comprimento total (TL) e para toda a amostra, e diferenças ontogenéticas foram analisadas.

The drawings, detailed pictures, precise descriptions and measurements that characterize otoliths must be made available for studies in various areas, including taxonomy, phylogeny, ecology, fisheries, paleontology, diversity, predator-prey relationships and modeling. The Collection of Teleostei Fish Otoliths of Southeastern-Southern Brazil (COSS-Brasil) of IOUSP contains 45,000 pairs of otoliths from 210 species. This publication is the first in a series that will constitute an atlas of Teleostei otoliths for southeastern-southern Brazil and presents the results of the morphologic and morphometric analyses of 11 Gadiformes and 36 Perciformes species by means of the most commonly used features, measurements and indices. Three otoliths of each species were illustrated and photographed whenever possible. The frequency of occurrence was calculated for each characteristic by total length classes (TL), and the ontogenetic differences were analyzed (multiple χ2 test; significance 0.05). Morphometric analyses were conducted for each characteristic per total length (TL) class and for the whole sample, and the ontogenetic differences were analyzed.

Four species of Scombridae from the coast of Rio de Janeiro, southwest Atlantic Ocean were found to be parasitized with species of Didymozoidae (Digenea): Thunnus atlanticus (Lesson) a new host record for Nephrodidymotrema ahi Yamaguti, 1970, Didymocystis neothunni (Yamaguti, 1970), and Didymozoon longicolle (Yamaguti, 1970); Thunnus obesus (Lowe) parasitized by Didymozoon longicolle and reported as a new host for Nephrodidymotrema ahi; Thunnus albacares (Bonaterre) parasitized by Nephrodidymotrema ahi, and Katsuwonus pelamis (Linnaeus) by Didymozoon longicolle. Measurements, figures, and parameters of infection are presented.

Cuatro especies de Scombridae de la costa de Río de Janeiro, suroeste del océano Atlántico, se reportan parasitados con diferentes especies de Didymozoidae (Digenea): Thunnus atlanticus (Lesson) un registro de nuevo huésped para Nephrodidymotrema ahi Yamaguti, 1970, Didymocystis neothunni (Yamaguti, 1970) y para Didymozoon longicolle (Yamaguti, 1970); Thunnus obesus (Lowe) parasitado por Didymozoon longicolle, se indica como nuevo huésped para Nephrodidymotrema ahi; Thunnus albacares (Bonaterre) parasitados por Nephrodidymotrema ahi y Katsuwonus pelamis (Linnaeus) por Didymozoon longicolle. Se presentan las mediciones, las figuras y los parámetros de la infección.