Abstract Amazonian várzeas are annually flooded for at least five months, which influences the occurence of waterbirds. This study investigates the species richness and composition, and individual abundance of waterbird assemblages in 10 várzea lakes on the lower Amazon River across a seasonal cycle. A total of 7,970 birds belonging to 52 species were recorded. Of these, 25 species were present in all four phases of the cycle, 5 in three phases, 10 in two and 12 during just one phase. Families with the highest species richness were Ardeidae and Scolopacidae. In the dry season, we recorded the highest species richness and the highest total abundance values. Thirteen species showed variation in abundance across the seasonal cycle, most being more abundant in the dry season Variation in species richness, abundance, and composition suggests that research on waterbird assemblages in Amazonian várzeas should consider all phases of the seasonal cycle. Furthermore, the occurrence of several migratory species demonstrates the importance of this region for the conservation of this group. Multi-year monitoring would contribute to a better understanding of the dynamics of Amazonian várzea waterbird assemblages. months waterbirds 1 cycle 7970 7 970 7,97 these 2 phase Scolopacidae values Furthermore group Multiyear Multi year 797 97 7,9 79 9 7,

Resumen Introducción: La familia Scolopacidae (Orden: Charadriiformes) es una de las familias más abundantes en los humedales costeros. El Humedal Costero Poza de la Arenilla cuenta con un registro histórico de 20 especies de escolopácidos; los eventos climáticos podrían afectar la distribución y migración de varias especies de esta familia taxonómica, reduciendo su riqueza y abundancia. Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre la riqueza y la abundancia de las especies pertenecientes a la familia Scolopacidae y la temperatura superficial del mar (TSM) y el índice costero El Niño (ICEN) en el Humedal Costero Poza de la Arenilla. Métodos: Se realizaron muestreos dos veces por mes entre enero 2013 y enero 2019 utilizando el método del conteo total para determinar la abundancia de las especies (N = 292). Se realizó un análisis de correlación de Spearman entre la abundancia, riqueza, TSM e ICEN, y se procedió a calcular la diversidad beta a través del índice de Whittaker, tanto para analizar el recambio anual para cada estación como el recambio estacional dentro de cada año. Resultados: Se obtuvieron dos correlaciones significativas: entre TSM y abundancia y entre ICEN y riqueza. Por otro lado, la prueba ANOSIM arrojó diferencias estacionales en las abundancias de las especies, y la prueba SIMPER arrojó que la mayor diferencia en las abundancias entre estaciones fue entre otoño y primavera (disimilitud de Bray-Curtis = 81.57 %), y la mínima entre invierno y primavera (disimilitud de Bray-Curtis = 49.86 %). Conclusiones: Las dinámicas ecológicas de las comunidades de escolopácidos en La Arenilla se ven modificadas de manera importante en función a las variaciones de los parámetros térmicos ambientales relacionados al cambio climático.

Abstract Introduction: Scolopacidae family (Order: Charadriiformes) is one of the most abundant families found in coastal wetlands. La Arenilla coastal wetland has a historical record of 20 scolopacid species; climatic events could affect the distribution and migration of the several species of this taxonomic family, reducing their species richness and abundance. Objective: The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between richness and abundance of the species belonging to the Scolopacidae family and both Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and the coastal El Niño index (ICEN) in La Arenilla Coastal Wetland, La Punta, Callao. Methods: Sampling were carried out twice a month, between January 2013 and January 2019 using the Total Count Method in order to determine species abundance (N = 292). A Spearman correlation analysis between abundance, species richness, SST and ICEN was performed, and beta diversity was calculated through the Whittaker index (βw) to analyze both the annual turnover for each season and the seasonal turnover within each year. Results: Two significant correlations were obtained: between SST and abundance and between ICEN and species richness. On the other hand, the ANOSIM test showed seasonal differences in abundance, and the SIMPER test showed that the greatest difference in abundance between seasons was between autumn and spring (Bray-Curtis dissimilarity = 81.57 %), and the minimum difference between winter and spring (Bray-Curtis dissimilarity = 49.86 %). Conclusions: The ecological dynamics of scolopacid communities in La Arenilla coastal wetland face important changes according to the variations in the environmental thermal parameters related to climate change.

Abstract: Coastal lagoon systems provide food and shelter for a great diversity of birds. A rapid assessment survey of bird species richness and abundance was carried out in the La Joya-Buenavista lagoon system, Chiapas State, using the count in transects to obtain data from three habitats (Lagoon, Channel and Inlet) between April and August 2017. The influence of habitat on avifauna was evaluated through univariate and multivariate statistical analyzes. We identified 16 orders, 31 families, 58 genera and 69 species. The best represented families were Ardeidae, Scolopacidae and Laridae. The Lagoon habitat harbored the greatest richness (50 spp.) and accumulated abundance (1094 organisms), while the Channel had a relatively low number of organisms but with notable records for some families and species with some risk category. In contrast, Inlet presented a lower number of species and a greater abundance of species associated with anthropogenic disturbance. The results show a significant effect of the habitat in the avifauna, but without differences at a temporal level, so it is recommended to continue and intensify the sampling to an annual cycle and with interannual replicas to corroborate the spatial pattern found. The use of a habitat approach in assessments of avifauna shows that this group is a potential indicator for the analysis of ecological structure, an aspect that can be incorporated into a management plan for regional coastal ecosystems.

Resumen: Los sistemas lagunares costeros proveen una fuente de alimento y refugio para una elevada diversidad de aves. Se llevó a cabo un estudio de evaluación rápida de la riqueza y abundancia de especies de aves en el sistema lagunar La Joya-Buenavista, estado de Chiapas, utilizando el conteo en transectos para obtener datos de tres hábitats (Laguna, Canal y Bocabarra) entre abril y agosto de 2017. La influencia del hábitat sobre la avifauna se evaluó mediante análisis estadístico univariado y multivariado. Se identificaron 16 órdenes, 31 familias, 58 géneros y 69 especies. Las familias mejor representadas fueron Ardeidae, Scolopacidae y Laridae. El hábitat Laguna albergó la mayor riqueza (50 spp.) y abundancia acumulada (1094 organismos), mientras que el Canal tuvo un bajo número de organismos pero con registros notables para algunas familias y especies en categoría de riesgo. En contraste, la Bocabarra presentó la menor riqueza específica y mayor abundancia de especies asociadas a la perturbación antropogénica. Los resultados muestran un efecto significativo del hábitat en la avifauna, pero sin diferencias a nivel temporal, por lo que se recomienda continuar e intensificar el muestreo a un ciclo anual y con replicas interanuales para corroborar el patrón espacial encontrado. El uso de un enfoque de hábitat en el estudio de la avifauna muestra que este grupo es un indicador potencial para el análisis de la estructura ecológica, aspecto que puede incorporarse a un plan de manejo de los ecosistemas costeros regionales.

We evaluated the abundance, diversity, composition and distribution of the bird assemblage of the Cerro Negro wetland, Puerto Morín, province of Virú, region of La Libertad, Peru, between January and August 2017. We determined six types of habitats: bulrush, pond, grassland, cattail, drainage and sand; using for each one the method of transect with a distance of 50 x 100 m, and count points with indeterminate diameter. Species observations were performed using binoculars of 10 x 42 mm; the photographic record with a digital camera with zoom of 400 mm, and the determination was carried out with specialized bibliography. There were a total of 2799 individuals, 69 bird species, distributed in 33 families; an endemic species, 18 boreal migratory and 50 residents. The Scolopacidae family has the largest number of species. The most abundant species was Leucophaeus pipixcan (17,71 %). The grassland has a higher number of bird species (50), a high diversity (H = 3.574 bits/individuals and 1 - D = 0.964) and the species are evenly distributed (J = 0.913). The greatest similarity occurs between the grassland and bulrush habitat (0.60), sharing 31 species

Se evaluó la abundancia, diversidad, composición y distribución del ensamble de aves del humedal Cerro Negro, Puerto Morín, provincia Virú, región La Libertad, Perú, entre los meses de enero y agosto de 2017. Se determinaron seis tipos de hábitats: juncal, espejo de agua, gramadal, ineal, dren y arenal; utilizando para cada uno el método del transecto con una distancia de 50 x 100 m, y puntos de conteo con diámetro indeterminado. Las observaciones de las especies se realizaron con la ayuda de binoculares de 10 x 42 mm; el registro fotográfico, con una cámara digital con zoom de 400 mm y la determinación se realizó con bibliografía especializada. Se registró un total de 2799 individuos, 69 especies de aves, distribuidas en 33 familias; una especie endémica, 18 migratorias boreales y 50 residentes. La familia Scolopacidae posee el mayor número de especies. La especie más abundante fue Leucophaeus pipixcan (17,71 %). El gramadal posee un mayor número de especies de aves (50), una alta diversidad (H = 3,574 bits/individuos y 1 - D = 0,964) y las especies están distribuidas de manera uniforme (J = 0,913). La mayor similaridad se da entre el gramadal y juncal (0,60), comparten 31 especies

Abstract: We determine the composition, abundance and space use of the avifauna during two climatic seasons (dry and rainy) in three different landscapes of the Mar Muerto lagoon, located in the states of Oaxaca and Chiapas, Mexico. We recorded a total of 40 aquatic and semi-aquatic bird species. The families with the largest number of species were Ardeidae and Scolopacidae (nine species each) followed by Anatidae and Laridae (with four especies each). We recorded higher species richness during the months of rain (33 species) than in the dry months (29 species). The species richness and abundance showed different patterns among the landscaspes: Los Pájaros island with 28 species, followed by the surrounding areas of the village of Santa Brígida with 22 species, and Boca Tonalá with 14 species. The most frecuented areas by the avifauna in Mar Muerto lagoon were the mangrove forest (20 species and 54. 6% of the total number of records) and the muddy plain (20 and 16.2 %), followed by shelled plains (10 and 4.7 %), ponds (10 and 2.6 %), and finally the sandy beach (9 and 3.4 %). The Mar Muerto lagoon is an important resting and feeding site for resident and migratory bird species.

Resumen: Determinamos la composición, abundancia y uso del espacio de la avifauna durante dos estaciones climáticas (estiaje y lluvias) en tres paisajes diferentes de la laguna Mar Muerto, ubicada entre los estados de Oaxaca y Chiapas, México. Registramos un total de 40 especies de aves acuáticas y semiacuáticas. Las familias con mayor número de especies fueron Ardeidae y Scolopacidae (nueve cada una) seguida por Anatidae y Laridae (con cuatro especies cada una). Registramos una mayor riqueza durante los meses de lluvia (33 especies) y menor en los meses de estiaje (29 especies). La riqueza específica y abundancia mostraron patrones diferentes entre los paisajes: isla Los Pájaros, con 28 especies, seguida de las zonas circundantes a la comunidad de Santa Brígida, con 22 especies y Boca Tonalá, con 14 especies. Los zonas más frecuentadas por la avifauna en laguna Mar Muerto fueron el manglar (20 especies y 54.6% del total de las observaciones) y la planicie lodosa (20 y 16.2%), seguidos por la planicie de conchal (10 y 4.7%), el espejo de agua (10 y 2.6%) y finalmente la playa arenosa (9 y 3.4%). La laguna Mar Muerto es un sitio importante de descanso y alimentación para especies de aves residentes y migratorias.

Este estudio tuvo como propósito conocer la composición y estructura de las aves en Puerto Velero, en el departamento del Atlántico (Colombia). Se muestrearon dos coberturas (Manglar y Playa) realizando censos de aves, usando el método conteo por puntos. Las observaciones se hicieron de 06:00 a 10:00 y de 15:00 a 18:00 h y se registró la presencia y abundancia de todas las aves observadas. Se registró un total de 1.229 individuos pertenecientes a 33 especies y 17 familias. En la cobertura Manglar se observaron 28 especies y en la cobertura Playa se registraron 22. Las familias con mayor número de representantes fueron Scolopacidae (5 especies), Ardeidae y Charadriidae (4 especies cada una) y Tyrannidae (3 especies). Las especies abundantes en la zona de estudio fueron: Cathartes aura, Progne tapera, Charadrius wilsonia, Quiscalus mexicanus y Egretta thula. No hubo diferencias significativas entre la composición y abundancia de aves por cobertura. Aunque la composición de especies fue relativamente similar en ambos tipos de cobertura (61,26%), el valor del número de Hill indica que el Manglar fue la cobertura más importante con relación a la riqueza de especies. En Puerto Velero predominan aves con alto rango de distribución, pero las aves migratorias (8 familias en 4 órdenes) constituyen un componente importante de este grupo faunístico ya que son especies con requerimientos específicos en términos de disponibilidad de recursos para alimentarse, descansar y refugiarse. De igual manera, las especies residentes que se observaron cumplen un papel importante en términos de la funcionalidad ecológica y su contribución en procesos de regulación y soporte dentro del ecosistema.

The purpose of this study was to determine the composition and structure of birds in Puerto Velero, department of Atlántico, Colombia. Two bird ranges were sampled (mangrove and seashore) conducting bird census using the point count method. The observations were made from 06:00 to 10:00 h and from 15:00 to 18:00 h, local time, and the presence and abundance of all birds observed were recorded. A total of 1,229 individuals belonging to 33 species and 17 families were recorded. Twenty-eight (28) species were reported in the mangrove range and 22 species in the seashore range. The families with the greatest number of representatives were Scolopacidae (5 species), Ardeidae and Charadriidae (4 species each) and Tyrannidae (3 species). The most abundat species in the area of study were: Cathartes aura, Progne tapera, Charadrius wilsonia, Quiscalus mexicanus y Egretta thula. There were not significant differences between composition and abundance of birds per range. Although the composition of species was relatively similar in both ranges (61.26%), Hill's number value indicates that the mangrove range was the most important in relation to richness of species. High distribution range birds predominate in Puerto Velero, but migratory birds (8 families in 4 orders) are an important component of this fauna group as they are species with specific requirements in terms of availability of feeding, resting and refuge resources. Similarly, resident species observed play an important role in terms of ecological functionality and their contribution in the regulatory and support processes within the ecosystem.

Foram registradas as freqüências de ocorrências e as flutuações mensais das famílias Charadriidae e Scolopacidae ao longo de um transecto de 70 km de praia entre o Boqueirão Sul e o Boqueirão Norte na Ilha Comprida, estado de São Paulo, durante o período de um ano (Janeiro a dezembro de 2010). Um total de 12.153 indivíduos de aves foram contados com a maior abundância ocorreu entre outubro e abril e a mais baixa entre maio a setembro. Das 20 espécies registradas as mais abundantes foram Charadrius semipalmatus, Charadrius colaris, Vanellus chilensis e Tringa flavipes. As menos abundantes foram Tryngites subruficolis, Limosa haemastica,Tringa melanoleuca e Actitis macularia. Dezesseis espécies eram migrantes do Hemisfério Norte, duas migrantes do Hemisfério Sul, e duas residentes. Sete espécies foram registradas regularmente, cinco esporadicamente e oito foram ocasionais. Quatro espécies neárticas foram registradas em Junho e julho, provavelmente indicando a presença de indivíduos imaturos não reprodutores. O número de espécies e o número de indivíduos provavelmente flutuaram devido a migração ou movimentos entre as praias vizinhas. A praia da Ilha Comprida é um importante sítio de parada durante a migração para muitas aves de praia na costa Sul do estado de São Paulo. Por esse motivo, devem ser feitos esforços de preservação, especialmente tendo em conta a crescente pressão de desenvolvimento que ameaça essa região.

We recorded the frequency of occurrence and monthly fluctuations of Charadriidae and Scolopacidae along a 70km transect of beach between Boqueirão Sul and Boqueirão Norte north of Comprida island, São Paulo State over a 1-year period (Jan - 2010 to Dec - 2010). A total of 12.153 shorebirds were recorded. The greatest abundance occurred between October and April and the lowest occurred between May and September. The most abundant of the 20 species recorded were Charadrius semipalmatus, Charadrius colaris,Vanellus chilensis and Tringa flavipes. The least abundant wereTryngites subruficolis, Limosa haemastica, Tringa melanoleuca and Actitis macularia. Sixteen species were migrants from the Northern Hemisphere, two were migrants from the Southern Hemisphere, and two were residents. Seven species were recorded regularly, five were recorded sporadically, and eight were recorded occasionally. Four Nearctic species were recorded in June and July most likely indicating the presence of non-breeding immature. The number of species and the number of individuals probably fluctuated due to migration or movements between neighbouring beaches. The Comprida Island beach is important migration stopover and wintering sites for many shorebirds in south São Paulo and should be a focus of conservation efforts, especially given the increasing development pressure that threatens these areas.

Charadrius melodus es una especie migratoria en peligro de extinción. Cada año, la Laguna Madre recibe aves migratorias invernales, incluyendo a la especie antes mencionada, sin embargo su estabilidad se encuentra amenazada por el cambio de hábitat ocasionado por el dragado que se está realizando en la zona. La falta de estudios sobre C. melodus durante el invierno en la Laguna Madre, motivó la realización del trabajo (diciembre 2009-marzo 2010). Los objetivos fueron: 1) determinar la importancia del área invernal, 2) describir la etología y preferencias de sustrato en la alimentación, 3) analizar ítems alimenticios potenciales y describir la diversidad simpátrica asociadas a C. melodus. Se observaron 99 individuos durante el muestreo. Las pruebas de Cochran y Kendall presentaron una alta significancia de la especie con un tipo de sustrato y las pruebas de signos utilizando una distribución binomial indicaron que existe una alta preferencia hacia un tipo de sustrato. La mayor actividad registrada durante el periodo de muestreo fue la de alimentación. Los recursos alimenticios encontrados en las muestras de sedimentos fueron larvas de Dípteros. Las especies simpátricas a C. melodus pertenecen al orden Charadriiformes con dos familias: Charadriidae nueve especies y Scolopacidae dos especies. Por la importancia de la zona, se recomienda proteger Boca Ciega, pues representa sitios de alimentación, protección y descanso para el Chorlo melódico.

The Piping Plover (Charadrius melodus) is a migratory endangered species that arrives, along with a great number of other winter migratory birds, to Boca Ciega every year. In spite of the importance of this ecosystem, these species, are threatened by the current habitat change caused by the dredging activities in the area. With the aim to generate new information about the importance of this area during winter, we studied C. melodus activities during the winter season in Laguna Madre, from December 2009 to March 2010. Our objectives were: 1) determine the importance of the area during winter, 2) describe C. melodus ethology, feeding substrate preferences and food items, 3) to analyze and describe the sympatric diversity associated with C. melodus. A total of ninety nine individuals were observed during the monitoring. The Cochran and Kendall test showed a high significance of the species with the substrate and signs tests using a binomial distribution that indicated a high preference for algal type of substrate. The highest activity recorded for this species during this winter season was feeding. The principal food items found in sediments were larvae of Diptera: Chironomidae and Ephydridae. The sympatric species of C. melodus were two families of Charadriiforms: Scolopacidae (nine species) and Charadriidae (two species). We concluded that this is an important area for feeding, protection and rest sites for this species, and its protection and management is recommended.

We analyzed the composition and abundance of the avifuana inhabiting the barrier islands of the San Ignacio-Navachiste-Macapule lagoon system from July 2006 to June 2007. Species richness and relative abundance were determined for the whole complex and for each island. The cumulative abundance was 55,849 individuals belonging to 71 species, 54 genera, and 26 families, distributed as follows: 51% resident species, 5% summer migratory species, 41% winter migratory species, and 3% transient species. Families with the highest species richness were Laridae (14 species, 20%), Scolopacidae (12 species, 17%), and Ardeidae (10 species, 14%). The Pelecaniformes group had the highest cumulative abundance (38,661 individuals, 69%), whereas the anatids had the lowest cumulative abundance (0.6%). The species with the highest relative abundance were Pelecanus occidentalis (16,355 individuals, 29%), Phalacrocorax auritus (13,209 individuals, 24%), and Fregata magnificens (5,964 individuals, 11%). The 68 remaining species represented only 36% of the cumulative abundance. Nineteen bird species used the islands as breeding sites, and the ardeids represented the most important group with 12 species (60%). Pájaros and San Ignacio islands were the main breeding sites within the insular system, particularly Pájaros due to its high species richness and abundance. This study highlights the importance of the barrier islands of northern Sinaloa as breeding areas for resident and migratory species.

Se determinó la composición y abundancia de la avifauna en las islas de barrera del sistema lagunar San Ignacio-Navachiste-Macapule de julio de 2006 a junio de 2007. Se determinó la riqueza específica y abundancia relativa para todo el complejo y para cada isla. La abundancia acumulada fue 55,849 individuos pertenecientes a 71 especies, 54 géneros y 26 familias distribuidas de la siguiente manera: 51% de especies residentes, 5% de especies migratorias de verano, 41% de especies migratorias de invierno y 3% de especies transitorias. Las familias con mayor riqueza específica fueron Laridae (14 especies, 20%), Scolopacidae (12 especies, 17%) y Ardeidae (10 especies, 14%). El grupo de los pelecánidos presentó mayor abundancia acumulada (38,661 individuos, 69%), mientras que el grupo de los anátidos presentó menor abundancia (0.6%). Las especies con mayor abundancia relativa fueron Pelecanus occidentalis (16,355 individuos, 29%), Phalacrocorax auritus (13,209 individuos, 24%) y Fregata magnificens (5,964 individuos, 11%). Las 68 especies restantes representaron sólo el 36% de la abundancia acumulada. Diecinueve especies utilizan las islas para anidación, y los ardeidos representaron el grupo más importante con 12 especies (60%). Las islas Pájaros y San Ignacio son las principales zonas de anidación dentro del complejo insular, siendo Isla Pájaros la de mayor riqueza y abundancia de individuos. El presente estudio resalta la importancia de las islas de barrera del norte de Sinaloa como zonas de anidación de especies migratorias y residentes.

We present a list of the birds of the Eten marshes, Lambayeque, Perú. These marshes are the northernmost limit of marshes dominated by Typha angustifolia and Scirpus spp. on the Peruvian coast. Three habitat types exist on the study area: marshes; sea and beach; and trees, shrubs and agriculture. The bird list gathers information from observations made between 1978 and 2009 and is composed by 153 species belonging to 17 orders and 45 families. Families best represented were Scolopacidae with 21 species and Laridae with 15. Five species are Tumbesian endemics, one of which is also endemic to Perú. One species is globally threatened and eight are threatened according to national legislation. The problems of the area are unregulated hunting, a high amount of solid residues, cattle ranching and expansion of agriculture. We propose the Eten marshes as an Important Bird Area and discuss that it should receive formal protection through the Lambayeque regional government. Future research must be directed to establish a sustainable management of the area for resource extraction and for tourist use. Also, it is important to determine if Sternula lorata, a globally threatened species nests in this area.

Se presenta la avifauna de los humedales de Eten, Lambayeque, Perú, los cuales representan el límite norte de los humedales dominados por Totora (Typha angustifolia) y Junco (Scirpus spp.) en la costa peruana. Para el presente trabajo se han definido tres tipos de hábitats: Humedal; Mar y playa; y Arbustos, árboles y agricultura. La lista de aves recoge información de observaciones entre los años 1978 y 2009 y está compuesta por 153 especies pertenecientes a 17 órdenes y 45 familias. Las familias con mayor representatividad de especies son Scolopacidae con 21 especies y Laridae con 15. Cuatro especies son endémicas tumbesinas y una es endémica tumbesina y del Perú. Una especie está amenazada globalmente y ocho a nivel nacional. Constituyen amenazas para el área la cacería no regulada, la alta incidencia de residuos sólidos, la ganadería y el avance de la agricultura. Se propone que los humedales de Eten sean un Área de Importancia para la Conservación de Aves (IBA) y reciban protección formal a través del gobierno regional de Lambayeque. Futuras investigaciones en el área deben apuntar a establecer un adecuado manejo del área en cuanto a extracción de recursos y uso turístico, así como determinar si es que Sternula lorata, especie globalmente amenazada, anida en este lugar.

As aves migratórias podem reconhecer humanos e animais domésticos como possíveis predadores, alterando seus padrões de abundância e comportamento de formação de bandos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar a abundância de aves migratórias neárticas, a freqüência de bandos e o número médio de aves por bando em áreas com alta e baixa concentração humana em uma região costeira de praia arenosa no sudeste do Brasil. As aves, pessoas e cães foram contados mensalmente entre novembro de 2006 a abril de 2007. Foram registradas seis espécies de aves (Arenaria interpres, Calidris alba, Calidris canutus, Calidris pusilla, Charadrius semipalmatus, Pluvialis dominica) nas duas áreas, no entanto somente C. canutus foi registrado exclusivamente na área com baixa concentração humana. Houve diferença significativa no número médio de pessoas e cães entre as áreas, mas não no número médio de aves. Não houve correlação entre o número de humanos e aves, e entre cães e aves. Adicionalmente, não houve diferença significativa na freqüência de bandos e número de indivíduos por bando entre as áreas. Os resultados deste estudo destacaram a sensibilidade de C. canutus na área com alta concentração humana e a necessidade de futuras investigações que determinem os limites máximos de concentração de pessoas e cães domésticos que as aves migratórias neárticas podem tolerar para a tomada de ações de proteção em áreas costeiras com ocupação humana.

Migratory birds may recognize humans and domestic animals as potential predators. Thus, their abundance and behavior in flock formation may change in areas with high human concentration. This study compared the abundance of Nearctic migratory birds, the frequency of their flocks and the average number of birds per flock at high and low human concentration areas in a coastal region in southeastern Brazil. Birds, humans and domestic dogs were counted monthly between November 2006 and April 2007. Six bird species (Ruddy Turnstone Arenaria interpres, Sanderling Calidris alba, Red Knot Calidris canutus, Semipalmated Sandpiper Calidris pusilla, Semipalmated Plover Charadrius semipalmatus, and American Golden-Plover Pluvialis dominica) were recorded. Only Red Knot were restricted to the low human concentration area. The average number of humans and domestic dogs differed between areas with different levels of disturbance, whereas no difference on the average number of birds was detected. There were no correlation between number of humans and birds, nor between domestic dogs and birds. Additionally, the frequency of flocks and average number of birds per flock did not vary significantly between the areas. These results highlighted the sensibility of Red Knot in the high human concentration area as well as the need to find out, in future investigations, the maximum concentration of people and domestic dogs that birds can tolerate in human occupied areas to employ conservation efforts in preserving Nearctic shorebirds.

This study was carried out at El Paraíso lagoon, Lima, Peru, from April 1999 to April 2000. The main goals was determinated the birds specific diversity, the population density of main cinegetic bird families and the determination of the most important microhabitats for the studied groups. 81 birds species (19 species are new for the area) were reported, distribuited in 62 generas and 35 families. 46% of the diversity is given for the following families: Scolopacidae (14%), Ardeidae (10%), Laridae (7%), Anatidae (5%), Charadriidae (5%) and Columbidae (5%). The Rallidae family is the most abundant and is represented for two species Gallinula chloropus "Common Moorhen" y Fulica ardesiaca "Slate-colored Coot". It is given recommendations for the conservation of the area.

Este estudio se realizó en la laguna El Paraíso, departamento de Lima, Perú, de abril de 1999 a abril del 2000. Tuvo como objetivos la determinación de la diversidad específica en aves; la densidad poblacional de las principales familias de uso cinegético y la determinación de los microhábitats más importantes para los grupos evaluados. Se reportaron 81 especies de aves las cuales pertenecen a 62 géneros y a 35 familias. En esta cifra se reportan 19 especies nuevas para el área de Paraíso; el 46% de la diversidad de aves está dada por las familias Scolopacidae (14%), Ardeidae (10%), Laridae (7%), Anatidae (5%), Charadriidae (5%) y Columbidae (5%). La familia Rallidae es la más abundante y está representada por dos especies Gallinula chloropus "polla de agua" y Fulica ardesiaca "gallareta", siendo la primera más numerosa. Asimismo, se dan las recomendaciones para la conservación del área.

Todos os anos milhares de aves limícolas e migratórias invernam ao longo da costa da América do Sul, entre setembro e abril, onde adquirem massa corpórea e realizam mudas para retornar aos sítios de reprodução. Estudos quali-quantitativos foram realizados na Área de Proteção Ambiental de Piaçabuçu, Alagoas, Brasil, através da contagem direta, objetivando o acompanhamento das flutuações sazonais da avifauna migrante. Foram registradas cinco espécies da família Charadriidae: Vanellus chilensis (Wagler, 1827); Pluvialis squatarola (Linnaeus, 1758); Charadrius semipalmatus Bonaparte, 1825; Charadrius collaris Vieillot, 1818 e Charadrius wilsonia (Ord, 1814) e cinco espécies da família Scolopacidae: Arenaria interpres (Linnaeus, 1758); Actitis macularius (Linnaeus, 1766); Catoptrophorus semipalmatus (Gmelin, 1789); Calidris pusilla (Linnaeus, 1766) e Calidris alba (Pallas, 1764). Pluvialis squatarola, Charadrius semipalmatus, Charadrius collaris, Arenaria interpres, Calidris pusilla e Calidris alba foram consideradas constantes (presentes em mais de 50% das observações). Charadrius semipalmatus e Calidris alba apresentaram os maiores índices de freqüência de ocorrência nos meses de novembro e dezembro e, março e setembro, respectivamente. A correlação de Spearman demonstra uma forte dependência na migração destas espécies. A fidelidade dessas aves a APA de Piaçabuçu observada nessa pesquisa indica ser a área um sítio de invernada, reforçando sua importância para a conservação das espécies migratórias que utilizam o local.

Every year, thousands of limicola and migratory birds winter on the South American coast, between September and April, where they acquire body mass and undergo moulting before returning to their reproduction sites. Qualitative and quantitative studies were performed in the Piaçabuçu Protection Area located in the state of Alagoas, Brazil, by direct counting, aiming to follow upon the birds' seasonal migration. Five species of Charadriidae family were recorded: Vanellus chilensis (Wagler, 1827); Pluvialis squatarola (Linnaeus, 1758); Charadrius semipalmatus Bonaparte, 1825; Charadrius collaris Vieillot, 1818 and Charadrius wilsonia (Ord, 1814), and five of the Scolopacidae family: Arenaria interpres (Linnaeus, 1758); Actitis macularius (Linnaeus, 1766); Catoptrophorus semipalmatus (Gmelin, 1789); Calidris pusilla (Linnaeus, 1766) and Calidris alba (Pallas, 1764). Pluvialis squatarola, Charadrius semipalmatus, Charadrius collaris, Arenaria interpres, Calidris pusilla and Calidris alba were considered constant (present in over 50% of observation time). Charadrius semipalmatus and Calidris alba showed highest level of frequency during November and December and March and September, respectively. Spearman correlation shows a strong dependency on migration of this species. The birds' loyalty to the Piaçabuçu area seen in this research show that this is a preferred site for wintering thus reinforcing its importance for the conservation of the migratory species that utilize the site.

O aumento ou decréscimo das populações de aves aquáticas tem sido usado como indicador da qualidade de água e conseqüentemente da qualidade ambiental. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi o de inventariar e monitorar a avifauna aquática da maior lagoa da região do sistema cárstico de Lagoa Santa, região central de Minas Gerais, dentro da 'Área de Proteção Ambiental Carste de Lagoa Santa' (APA LS), a Lagoa do Sumidouro. A Lagoa ocupa uma área de aproximadamente 253 h na época de maior cheia e apresenta um perímetro de cerca de 12.072 m. Durante o período de junho de 1999 a dezembro de 2002 foram estimadas a riqueza e a abundância das aves aquáticas presentes na Lagoa. Foram registradas 27 espécies de aves aquáticas, distribuídas em 12 famílias. Das 27 espécies registradas, 12 foram consideradas residentes ou prováveis residentes e oito visitantes. Sete espécies não apresentaram nenhum padrão distinto de presença sazonal. A família mais bem representada foi Ardeidae com seis espécies perfazendo 23% do total de espécies. Em seguida, a família Anatidae com cinco espécies (15%) e Scolopacidae sendo representada por três espécies (11% do total). Uma das espécies Platalea ajaja Linnaeus, 1758 é considerada ameaçada de extinção no Estado de Minas Gerais, enquanto outras duas Mycteria americana Linnaeus, 1758 e Ciconia maguari (Gmelin, 1789) são consideradas raras. Não houve diferença significativa entre a riqueza de espécies estimada para as três estações ('chuvosa', 'seca' e 'transição'). A diversidade de espécies mostrou-se significativamente diferente entre as três estações, sendo a estação chuvosa com a maior diversidade. A presença de espécies ameaçadas de extinção e local de parada de espécies migratórias faz com que a região da APA Carste de Lagoa Santa seja considerada uma área de extrema importância referente aos aspectos biológicos.

Increases and decreases of waterfowl population have been used as an indicator of water quality and habitat quality. The aim of this paper was to survey and monitor waterfowl population at the largest natural lake of the 'Area of Environmental Protection' of Lagoa Santa, Southeast Brazil. The 'Lagoa do Sumidouro' holds approximately 253 ha with a 12,072 m of perimeter. Species richness and abundance was estimated from June 1999 to December 2002. It was recorded 27 species of 12 families. Twelve species were considered residents, while eight migratory and another seven species did not present any seasonal pattern. Ardeidae was the most representative family holding 23% of the species followed by Anatidae (15%) and Socolopacidae (11%). Platalea ajaja Linnaeus, 1758 is considered threatened to extinction, while Mycteria americana Linnaeus, 1758 and Ciconia maguari (Gmelin, 1789) are considered rare for the state of Minas Gerais. There was no difference of species richness among the three main seasons ('wet', 'dry', and 'transitional'). Species diversity was higher during the wet season. The occurrence of threatened and migratory species at 'Lagoa do Sumidouro' makes the lake an area of extreme biological importance.

We studied the spatial and temporal composition of the avifauna from 13 small coastal wetlands and adjacent habitats in northwestern Baja California, Mexico, between February and December 2002. A total of 17,978 individuals belonging to 187 species, 121 genera and 47 families were registered. The richest families in species were Anatidae (17), Scolopacidae (17) and Laridae (12). The wetlands showing the highest specific richness were El Rosario (126), Santo Tomás (107) and La Misión (95), which pooled represented 86% of the total avifauna. Seventy-six species (41%) were permanent residents, 73 (39%) seasonal visitors and 38 (20%) occasional visitors. On the basis of presence or absence of species, four groups of wetlands are distinguished: (a) San Simón, (b) La Salina, (c) El Descanso-El Ciprés, and (d) a group of nine sites that is subdivided into two branches with four and five localities each, one (d.1) consisting of San Telmo-Santo Tomás-El Rosario-La Misión and the other (d.2) of San Rafael-San Miguel-El Salado-Santo Domingo-Cantamar. The presence or absence of a permanent water body, the types of habitat and the presence or absence of anthropogenic influence at each locality were factors that contributed to the grouping of these wetlands. Specific richness and abundance were correlated with habitat diversity. Breeding evidence was documented for 20 species.

Se determinó la composición espacio-temporal de la avifauna en 13 humedales pequeños costeros del noroeste de Baja California entre febrero y diciembre de 2002. Se registraron 17,978 individuos pertenecientes a 187 especies, 121 géneros y 47 familias. Las familias con mayor número de especies fueron Anatidae (17), Scolopacidae (17) y Laridae (12). Los humedales con mayor riqueza específica fueron El Rosario (126), Santo Tomás (107) y La Misión (95), los cuales en conjunto incluyeron al 86% del total de especies observadas. Setenta y seis especies (41%) fueron residentes permanentes, 73 (39%) visitantes estacionales, y 38 (20%) visitantes ocasionales. Con base en la presencia o ausencia de las especies se distinguen cuatro grupos de humedales: (a) San Simón, (b) La Salina, (c) El Descanso-El Ciprés y (d) un grupo de nueve sitios que está subdividido en dos ramas de cuatro y cinco localidades, respectivamente: (d.1) San Telmo-Santo Tomás-El Rosario-La Misión y (d.2) San Rafael-San Miguel-El Salado-Santo Domingo-Cantamar. La presencia o ausencia de un cuerpo de agua permanente, los tipos de hábitat y la presencia o ausencia de influencia antropogénica en cada localidad fueron los factores que contribuyeron al agrupamiento de estos humedales. La riqueza y abundancia de especies estuvieron correlacionadas con la diversidad de hábitats. Se documentaron evidencias de reproducción para 20 especies.