In the water/triethanolamine/ethanol system, TiCl4 aqueous solution is used as the precursor to regulate the conversion rate of TiCl4 by changing the reaction temperature, water volume, pH value, and ethanol amount. The experiment uses a single-factor method to investigate the dynamic relationship between Ti4+ concentration and time under various factors, thereby achieving controllable TiO2 production. The experimental results showed that under a single factor, the conversion rate showed a trend of first steep and then slow growth within 180 min. After 180 min, the conversion rate tended to stabilize. Considering various factors, it was found that VTiCl4:VC6H15NO3:VH2O:VC2H5OH = 1:6:15:30, pH = 7, reaction time at room temperature was 4 h, and the hydrolysis effect was good. The final conversion rate was 90.46%, and the hydrolysis reaction conforms to the first-order reaction equation. Kinetic parameters: pre-factor (A) = 0.107, activation energy (Ea) = 4488.65 J mol-1. watertriethanolamineethanol triethanolamine system TiCl volume value amount singlefactor factor Ti4 Ti factors TiO production 18 min stabilize VTiCl4VC6H15NO3VH2OVC2H5OH VTiClVCHNOVHOVCHOH VTiCl4 VC6H15NO3 VH2O VC2H5OH VTiCl VC H NO VH O OH 161530, 161530 1 6 15 30, 30 1:6:15:30 7 h good 9046 90 46 90.46% firstorder order equation parameters prefactor pre A (A 0107 0 107 0.107 Ea (Ea 448865 4488 65 4488.6 mol1. mol1 mol 1. mol-1 OVC VCHNO VC6H15NO VHO VCHOH 16153 3 1:6:15:3 904 9 90.46 010 10 0.10 44886 448 4488. mol- 1615 1:6:15: 90.4 01 0.1 44 161 1:6:15 90. 0. 16 1:6:1 1:6: 1:6 1:

We created a fast and effective thin-layer chromatography method to detect homoisoflavones in Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce (POD), demonstrating high sensitivity, specificity, and stability. Utilizing this method, we assessed the quality of 20 commercial batches of POD. Our results indicated that homoisoflavones (III, IV, and V) were present in 8 samples, absent in 7, and detected in 5. This method facilitates the effective evaluation of POD germplasm resources, laying a strong foundation for enhancing quality standards. This advancement aids in the standardization and quality control of POD, ensuring the consistency of its active ingredients and thereby supporting its therapeutic applications. thinlayer thin layer Mill. Mill (Mill. , (POD) sensitivity specificity stability 2 III, III (III IV V samples 7 5 resources standards applications (Mill (POD

This paper presents the stages of an acceleration program focused on chemical technologies. We demonstrate how this initiative contributes to the creation of new businesses, startups, and technology licensing from research developed at Brazilian universities. The case of the program Escale-se is discussed. There were 66 technologies submitted, and 14 were selected for the pre-acceleration phase. In this phase, various contents were worked on, such as creating a business model and aspects of scaling hard-science technologies. Teams were evaluated by panels with market specialists, and 6 were selected for the second phase: pre-scaling/proof of concept. Here, proponents were encouraged to validate the business model by connecting with potential clients and partners, as well as planning the development and testing of the product in a relevant environment. Finally, one team was classified for the last stage: scaling/go-to-market - where they received R$ 100,000.00 to scale up their technology and create strategies for raising investments. Four of the fourteen technologies selected for the program opened National Register of Legal Entities (CNPJ) and raised approximately R$ 4.5 M in investments from different sources. These results demonstrate that the methodology contributed to the entrepreneurial development of participating researchers and the raising of funds for the businesses created. startups universities Escalese Escale se discussed submitted 1 preacceleration pre phase hardscience hard science specialists prescaling/proof prescalingproof scaling/proof proof concept Here partners environment Finally stage scaling/gotomarket scalinggotomarket scaling/go go R 10000000 100 000 00 100,000.0 CNPJ (CNPJ 45 4 5 4. sources created prescaling scalingproof gotomarket scalinggo 1000000 10 0 100,000. 100000 100,000 10000 100,00 1000 100,0 100,

In order to extract hesperidin from Citrus aurantium L. through green and efficient ways, a novel method based on deep eutectic solvent (DES) assisted extraction has been developed. Compared to known alkali extraction and acid precipitation or organic solvent (ethanol, methanol) extraction, this new DES system of choline chloride/diethanolamine (DES-14) method exhibited excellent extraction efficiency for hesperidin. Under optimal conditions, the extraction yield of hesperidin reached 6.26 ± 0.05%. Further studies with infrared spectroscopy, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, and density functional theory showed the DES-14 was formed mainly through the interaction of H-bond and van der Waals forces. In addition, scanning electron microscopy and density functional theory revealed the strong dissolving capacity, and the H-bond formation between DES-14 and hesperidin, as well as van der Waals forces all contributed to efficient extraction of hesperidin. The results provide a new strategy for efficient extraction and utilization of hesperidin in Citrus. L ways (DES developed ethanol, ethanol (ethanol methanol chloridediethanolamine chloride diethanolamine DES14 14 (DES-14 conditions 626 6 26 6.2 005 0 05 0.05% spectroscopy H resonance DES-1 Hbond bond addition capacity DES1 1 (DES-1 62 2 6. 00 0.05 DES- (DES- 0.0 0.

ABSTRACT: Based on the data of China’s overseas arable land investment in 47 countries along the “Belt and Road”, the Tobit model is used to analyze the effects of cultural distance and friendship cities on the production rates of contracted arable land in China’s overseas arable land investment. This study provided theoretical basis and empirical support for promoting China’s agricultural “going abroad” and improving the production rates of contracted arable land in China’s overseas arable land investment. The results show that differences in cultural distance, power distance and the degree of uncertainty avoidance have significant positive effects on the production rates of contracted arable land in China’s overseas arable land investment, and differences in individualism have a significant negative effect on the production rates. Friendship city has a positive but insignificant effect on the production rates, meanwhile, it also weaken the positive impact of cultural distance on production rates of contracted arable land in China’s overseas arable land investment. The proportion of joint ventures with host country, the economic level and institutional environment of the host country will all have an impact on the production rates. Finally, recommendations are proposed to promote the production rates of contracted arable land, such as focusing on the positive role of cultural distance, establishing friendship cities, and investing host countries with high potential precisely. ABSTRACT Chinas China s 4 Belt Road, Road , Road” going abroad meanwhile Finally precisely

RESUMO: Com base nos dados do investimento da China em terras aráveis no exterior em 47 países ao longo do “Cinturão e Rota”, o modelo Tobit é utilizado para analisar os efeitos da distância cultural e das cidades amigas nas taxas de produção de terras aráveis contratadas no investimento da China em terras aráveis no exterior. Os resultados mostram que as diferenças na distância cultural, na distância de poder e no grau de prevenção de incertezas têm efeitos positivos significativos sobre as taxas de produção de terras aráveis contratadas no investimento em terras aráveis no exterior da China, e as diferenças no individualismo têm um efeito negativo significativo sobre as taxas de produção. As cidades amigas têm um efeito positivo, mas insignificante, sobre as taxas de produção, enquanto estas podem enfraquecer o impacto positivo da distância cultural sobre as taxas de produção de terras aráveis contratadas no investimento em terras aráveis no exterior da China. A proporção de investimento cooperativo entre a China e o país anfitrião, o nível econômico e o ambiente institucional do país anfitrião terão um impacto sobre as taxas de produção. Por fim, são propostas recomendações para promover as taxas de produção das terras aráveis contratadas, tais como a concentração no papel positivo da distância cultural, a criação de cidades da amizade e o investimento em países de acolhimento com elevado potencial. RESUMO 4 Cinturão Rota, Rota , Rota” insignificante fim potencial

RESUMO Este estudo foca no desempenho de vacas para produção de carne, criadas nos pântanos do Paraguai, examinando cinco genótipos bovinos; Brahman, Brangus, Nelore, bem como duas raças locais em risco de extinção. O principal objetivo é identificar e classificar variáveis fenotípicas que incluem variáveis sanguíneas, clínicas, de pelagem e saúde, demonstrando ligação causal com o peso vivo das vacas analisadas. Inicialmente, foram identificadas correlações elevadas entre diferentes variáveis incluídas neste estudo, e, então, utilizando técnicas avançadas de aprendizado de máquina e a aplicação de explicações aditivas de Shapley (SHAP), foi proporcionado um entendimento mais profundo dos fatores fortemente associados à adaptabilidade nestes ambientes, e, portanto, o respectivo desempenho zootécnico. A associação entre o componente genotípico bovino ligado à estação do ano mostrou ser o fator influente mais predominante sobre o peso vivo bovino. Variáveis como comprimento do pelo, hematócrito, fosfatase, fósforo, creatina phosphokinase, creatinina, proteína, cortisol, cálcio e a presença de endoparasitas foram destacadas, demonstrando sua importância hierárquica para a seleção animal. Os modelos de ML são ferramentas eficazes para estabelecer hierarquias de relevância em multivariáveis fenotípicas complexas, o que é crucial em programas de melhoramento genético em diferentes espécies zootécnicas, bem como em ambientes especiais e específicos, como os pântanos. carne Paraguai bovinos Brahman Brangus Nelore extinção sanguíneas clínicas saúde analisadas Inicialmente então SHAP, SHAP , (SHAP) portanto zootécnico pelo hematócrito fosfatase fósforo phosphokinase creatinina proteína cortisol destacadas animal complexas zootécnicas específicos (SHAP

ABSTRACT This study focuses on the performance of cows for meat production raised in the wetlands of Paraguay, examining five cattle genotypes: Brahman, Brangus, and Nelore, as well as two local breeds at risk of extinction. The main objective is to identify and rank phenotypic variables, including blood, clinical, hair, and health variables, demonstrating causal linkage with the live weight of the cows analyzed. Initially, high correlations were identified between different variables included in this study; then, using advanced Machine learning (ML) techniques and the application of Shapley additive explanations (SHAP), a deeper understanding was provided of the factors strongly associated with adaptability in these environments, and, therefore, the respective zootechnical performance. The association between cattle genotypic components linked with the season of the year proved to be the most influential factor on cattle live weight. Variables such as hair length, hematocrit, phosphatase, phosphorus, creatine phosphokinase, creatinine, protein, cortisol, calcium, and the presence of endoparasites were highlighted, demonstrating their hierarchical importance for animal selection. ML models are effective tools for establishing hierarchies of relevance in complex phenotypic multivariable, which is crucial in breeding programs for different zootechnical species and in special and specific environments like wetlands. Paraguay genotypes Brahman Brangus Nelore extinction blood clinical analyzed Initially then (ML SHAP, SHAP , (SHAP) therefore length hematocrit phosphatase phosphorus phosphokinase creatinine protein cortisol calcium highlighted selection multivariable (SHAP

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the effect of removing apical dominance at phenological stages on the agronomic traits of soybean cultivars. The experiment was conducted in the 2020/2021 growing season inthe teaching-experimental area of the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul, Campus Ibirubá, under a randomized block design in a split-plot arrangement, with three replications. The main plots were composed of five soybean cultivars (DM53i54 IPRO, Zeus IPRO, Lanza IPRO, DM5958 IPRO, and Delta IPRO), and the subplots consisted of the phenological stages of apical dominance removal (control, V2, V4, and V6). Morphological traits were evaluated at different stages. Differences were observed between cultivars, which followed their pre-defined morphologies. Apical dominance removal reduced aspects such as the number of nodes and legumes on the main stem and the first legumeinsertion height. Cultivars developed branching mechanismsas a compensation strategy, increasing the number of legumes on the branches by up to 130%. The removal of the shoot apex can modify morphological aspects in soybean plants,but their yield tends to be maintained. ABSTRACT 20202021 2020 2021 2020/202 teachingexperimental teaching experimental Education Sul Ibirubá splitplot split plot arrangement replications DM53i54 DMi DM i (DM53i5 IPRO DM595 , IPRO) control, control (control V2 V V4 V6. V6 . V6) predefined pre defined morphologies height strategy 130 130% plantsbut plants but maintained 2020202 202 2020/20 DM53i5 (DM53i DM59 13 202020 20 2020/2 DM53i DM5 1 20202 2 2020/

RESUMO: O presente artigo objetiva avaliar o efeito da remoção da dominância apical em estádios fenológicos, nos caracteres agronômicos de cultivares de soja. O experimento foi implantado na área didática-experimental do Instituto Federal de Educação e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Campus Ibirubá, na safra 2020/2021, sob delineamento de blocos ao acaso, em arranjo de parcelas subdivididas, com três repetições. As parcelas principais eram compostas pelos cinco cultivares (DM53i54 IPRO, Zeus IPRO, Lança IPRO, DM5958 IPRO e Delta IPRO) e as subparcelas, pelos estádios fenológicos de remoção de dominância apical (testemunha, V2, V4 e V6). As características morfológicas foram avaliadas em diferentes estádios. Como resultados, verificaram-se diferenças entre os cultivares, que seguiram suas morfologias pré-definidas. A remoção de dominância apical, reduziu aspectos como o número de nós e legumes na haste principal, além da altura de inserção do primeiro legume. Como estratégia de compensação, os cultivares desenvolvem mecanismos de ramificação, acrescendo até 130% no número de legumes nos ramos. Verifica-se que a remoção do ápice caulinar é capaz de modificar aspectos morfológicos em plantas de soja, contudo, seu rendimento tende a ser mantido. RESUMO soja didáticaexperimental didática experimental Sul Ibirubá 20202021 2020 2021 2020/2021 acaso subdivididas repetições DM53i54 DMi DM i (DM53i5 DM595 subparcelas testemunha, testemunha (testemunha V2 V V6. V6 . V6) resultados verificaramse verificaram se prédefinidas. prédefinidas pré definidas. definidas pré-definidas principal legume compensação ramificação 130 ramos Verificase Verifica contudo mantido 2020202 202 2020/202 DM53i5 (DM53i DM59 13 202020 20 2020/20 DM53i DM5 1 20202 2 2020/2 2020/

Silver film is commonly used to examine the structure and composition of molecules due to its surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect. A simple method for preparing SERS silver films is proposed in this paper by electrodeposition in an amide-based liquid mixture (urea-acetamide-LiBr). The electrochemical behavior of silver in urea-acetamide-LiBr mixture was studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry. It was found that the nucleation mechanism of silver shifts to instantaneous nucleation under diffusion control with increasing overpotential and temperature. The energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) investigations confirmed that the obtained deposits are pure silver. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that the morphology of the silver deposits depends on the deposition potential and temperature. Rhodamine 6G was used as probe molecules for SERS experiments, showing that these new active substrates have high sensitivity to SERS response with high enhancement factors, of approximately 107, and enable Raman scattering even for diluted solutions. surfaceenhanced surface enhanced (SERS effect amidebased amide based ureaacetamideLiBr. ureaacetamideLiBr urea acetamide LiBr . (urea-acetamide-LiBr) CV (CV chronoamperometry temperature EDS (EDS Xray X ray XRD (XRD SEM (SEM G experiments factors 107 solutions (urea-acetamide-LiBr 10 1

To discover new bisamide compounds with insecticidal and fungicidal activities, 19 novel cyproflanilide derivatives containing 1,2,4-oxadiazole group were designed and synthesized according to the principle of biologically active factor splicing. Preliminary biological assay data indicated that the majority of target compounds demonstrated significant insecticidal activity against Lepidopteran pests. Meanwhile, compounds 5p and 5q showed 97.22 and 100% lethality against Tetranychus cinnabarinus at 400 mg L-1, which were better than cyproflanilide (41.11% at 400 mg L-1). In addition, it is exciting that we have achieved our initial goals as some of the target compounds exhibited both insecticidal and fungicidal activities. For instance, compounds 5b and 5c showed 59.26 and 74.07% fungicidal activities against Cucumber downy mildew at 400 mg L-1, as well as 100% insecticidal activity against Plutella xylostella and armyworm at 100 mg L-1. Compound 5h showed 100% insecticidal activity against armyworm at 10 mg L-1, and also displayed 66.67% fungicidal activity against Cucumber downy mildew at 400 mg L-1. The inhibition rate of compounds 5l and 5s against Cucumber downy mildew reached 88.89 and 96.30% at 400 mg L-1. This work showed the effectively fungicidal application of 1,2,4-oxadiazole group in bisamide compounds and provides insights for optimal structural design. 1 1,2,4oxadiazole 124oxadiazole oxadiazole 1,2,4 2 4 splicing pests Meanwhile p q 9722 97 22 97.2 40 L1, L1 L 1, L-1 41.11% 4111 41 11 (41.11 L1. . L-1) addition instance b c 5926 59 26 59.2 7407 74 07 74.07 1. h 6667 66 67 66.67 l s 8889 88 89 88.8 9630 96 30 96.30 design 4oxadiazole 124 1,2, 972 9 97. L- 41.11 411 (41.1 592 5 59. 740 7 0 74.0 666 6 66.6 888 8 88. 963 3 96.3 12 1,2 41.1 (41. 74. 66. 96. 41. (41 (4 (

ABSTRACT This study aimed to explore the friction force on potatoes in the process of potato-soil separation, its influencing factors and laws, and establish a testing system of potato-friction force. It was verified that the potato mass, crank speed, and sieve inclination significantly affected the potato’s friction force along the sieve surface. The interaction of potato mass and crank speed had the greatest effect on the friction force on the potato along the sieve surface. In addition, under the same factors of potato mass of 200~400 g, crank speed of 200 r min-1, and sieve inclination of 14.7°, the friction force of potato along the sieve surface with soil was much greater than that along the sieve surface without soil, ranging between 2.32 and 4.85. potatosoil separation laws potatofriction potatos s addition 200400 400 200~40 g 20 min1, min1 min 1, 1 min-1 147 14 7 14.7° 232 2 32 2.3 485 4 85 4.85 20040 40 200~4 min- 14.7 23 3 2. 48 8 4.8 2004 200~ 14. 4.

RESUMO O presente estudo visou investigar a força de atrito durante o processo de separação da batata do solo, bem como os fatores e padrões que influenciam essa força, além de estabelecer um sistema de teste para medir a força de atrito das batatas. Verificou-se que a massa da batata, a velocidade da manivela e a inclinação da peneira têm um impacto significativo na força de atrito ao longo da superfície da peneira. A interação entre a massa da batata e a velocidade da manivela tem o maior impacto na força de atrito ao longo da superfície da peneira. Além disso, sob os mesmos fatores - massa da batata entre 200-400 g, velocidade da manivela em 200 r min-1 e ângulo inclinado da peneira em 14.7°, a força de atrito das batatas ao longo da superfície com o solo é muito maior do que ao longo da superfície sem solo, variando entre 2,32 e 4,85. Verificouse Verificou se disso 200400 400 200-40 g 20 min1 min 1 min- 147 14 7 14.7° 232 2 32 2,3 485 4 85 4,85 20040 40 200-4 14.7 23 3 2, 48 8 4,8 2004 200- 14. 4,

ABSTRACT Salinity stress immensely inhibits rice (Oryza sativa L.) growth, development, and productivity. Hence, two rice introgression lines, Morkho60-2 and BC4F4 132-12-61, were previously developed from ‘RD6’ rice via marker-assisted backcrossing and their adaptive salt-tolerant mechanisms were characterized in this study. Their seedling physiological and transcriptional responses to salinity stress were observed in comparison to the parental ‘RD6’ and ‘Pokkali’. The salt stress responses were assessed under 150 mM NaCl treatment for 9 d. Interestingly, like ‘Pokkali’, salinity did not affect the growth parameters of the new rice genotypes. ‘Pokkali’, Morkho60-2, and BC4F4 132-12-61 also showed lower shoot Na+ content (0.91-1.05 vs. 2.83 mg g-1 DW), and higher selective transport of K+ over Na+ (i.e., ST value of 6.57-10.98 vs. 2.65) than RD6 genotype under salinity stress. Accordingly, the partial least squares-discriminant analysis of all physiological parameters suggested shoot Na+ accumulation and ST value as the key discriminating parameters between ‘RD6’ and the new genotypes. Transcriptional responses of Na+ homeostasis-related genes further supported the findings. In comparison to the salt susceptible ‘RD6’ rice, Na+ vacuolar compartmentalization was suggested in Morkho60-2 roots due to the higher abundance of OsNHX1 (i.e., relative expression of 2.65 vs. 1.59) and OsNHX2 (2.42 vs. 1.29) transcripts. Morkho60-2 also displayed a significant upregulation of root OsSOS1 (2.02 vs. 1.18), which may contribute to root Na+ exclusion. Therefore, we suggest that selective transport of K+ over Na+ and Na+ exclusion enhanced ion homeostasis in the newly improved rice genotypes, allowing the seedlings to adapt to the saline condition.

Abstract: This research explores the impact of digital books on student’s performance in mathematics. The theoretical arguments of this research are based on the self-regulated learning theory. To employ the complete research strategy, 65 papers were retrieved in the first round of research, including 30 from ERIC, 20 from Science Direct, and 15 from EBSCO. Following that, only 40 papers produced findings from the major section screening. The article’s systematic literature review and thematic analysis of the published material resulted in a sample size of 23 articles for this study. A qualitative thematic analysis Software, NVivo 12, was used to evaluate qualitative data. The findings indicated that motivation, technological advancement, information technology, learning objectives, sources for digital application, challenges of technology, traditional learning style and visual information have a significant collision with students’ mathematical learning.

Resumo: Esta investigação explora o impacto dos livros digitais no desempenho dos alunos em matemática. Os argumentos teóricos desta investigação baseiam-se na teoria da aprendizagem autorregulada. Para aplicar a estratégia completa de pesquisa, foram recuperados 65 artigos na primeira rodada de pesquisa, incluindo 30 do ERIC, 20 do Science Direct e 15 do EBSCO. Em seguida, apenas 40 artigos produziram resultados a partir da triagem da seção principal. A revisão sistemática da literatura e a análise temática do material publicado resultaram em uma amostra de 23 artigos para este estudo. Foi utilizado um software de análise temática qualitativa, o NVivo 12, para avaliar os dados qualitativos. Os resultados indicaram que a motivação, o avanço tecnológico, a tecnologia da informação, os objetivos de aprendizagem, as fontes de aplicação digital, os desafios da tecnologia, o estilo de aprendizagem tradicional e a informação visual têm um impacto significativa na aprendizagem matemática dos alunos.

Resumen: Esta investigación explora el impacto de los libros electrónicos en el rendimiento de los alumnos en matemáticas. Los argumentos teóricos de esta investigación se basan en la teoría del aprendizaje autorregulado. Para emplear la estrategia de investigación completa, se recuperaron 65 artículos en la primera ronda de investigación, incluidos 30 de ERIC, 20 de Science Direct y 15 de EBSCO. A continuación, solo 40 artículos arrojaron resultados en la criba de la sección principal. La revisión sistemática de la literatura y el análisis temático del material publicado dieron como resultado una muestra de 23 artículos para este estudio. Para evaluar los datos cualitativos se utilizó un programa informático de análisis temático cualitativo, NVivo 12. Los resultados indicaron que la motivación, el avance tecnológico, la tecnología de la información, los objetivos de aprendizaje, las fuentes de aplicación digital, los retos de la tecnología, el estilo de aprendizaje tradicional y la información visual tienen una colisión significativa con el aprendizaje matemático de los estudiantes.

Abstract Barriers to compare opposed or alternative scientific theories exist, based on diverse premises. One is the concept of incommensurability, the idea suggesting that different paradigms or theories cannot be contrasted since they do not share common tenets. This paper proposes the use of nested models for testing the efficacy of isolated disciplinary explanations of psychological and social problems versus the power of interdisciplinary explanations. According to this approach, such nested models would include alternative disciplinary theories competing against each other and against an inclusive model that combines these unidisciplinary explanations. This situation is illustrated with an empirical study using a questionnaire on predictors of precautionary behaviors against COVID-19. Data was analyzed using structural equations, considering a psychological and a health-science perspective, and integrated into an interdisciplinary model. Results from this study showed that the best model was the interdisciplinary model, thus providing some evidence for the use of nested models as a method to integrate different disciplines. The advantages of this approach are discussed in the face of the growing, complex, and serious problems that humanity is nowadays experiencing.

Resumen Basadas en diversas premisas, existen barreras para comparar teorías científicas opuestas o alternativas. El concepto de inconmensurabilidad es una de estas dificultades, la idea que sugiere que diferentes paradigmas o teorías no pueden contrastarse porque no comparten principios comunes. Este artículo propone el uso de modelos anidados para probar la eficacia de explicaciones disciplinarias aisladas de problemas psicológicos y sociales en comparación con la de explicaciones interdisciplinarias. Según este enfoque, tales modelos anidados incluirían teorías disciplinarias alternativas que compiten entre sí y contra un modelo inclusivo que combine estas explicaciones unidisciplinarias. Esta situación se ilustra con un estudio empírico sobre predictores de conductas de precaución frente al COVID-19. Los resultados fueron analizados mediante ecuaciones estructurales, considerando una perspectiva psicológica y de ciencias de la salud, e integrados en un modelo interdisciplinario. Los hallazgos mostraron que era mejor el modelo interdisciplinario, proporcionando evidencia para el uso de modelos anidados como método para integrar diferentes disciplinas. Se discuten las ventajas de utilizar este enfoque frente a los crecientes, complejos y graves problemas que vive hoy la humanidad.

RESUMEN En la actualidad las organizaciones deben hacer frente a numerosos riesgos, dada la multitud de actividades que se desarrollan diariamente en un entorno dinámico e incierto, por lo que se hace necesario perfeccionar los modelos de gestión en función de lograr mejoras en su desempeño organizacional. El objetivo de la propuesta que se presenta es una metodología para la gestión de riesgo basado en las normas ISO 31000 en una entidad de ciencia, tecnología e innovación. Se emplearon varios métodos y técnicas que permitieron transitar desde el análisis de los fundamentos teóricos y conceptuales que permitieron presentar la metodológica, emergiendo como un instrumento para coordinar y realizar las acciones necesarias para reducir vulnerabilidades para prevenir, mitigar, atender y recuperar efectos negativos.

ABSTRACT Currently, organizations must face numerous risks, given the multitude of activities that are carried out daily in a dynamic and uncertain environment, which makes it necessary to improve management models in order to achieve improvements in their organizational performance. The objective of the proposal presented is a risk management methodology based on ISO 31000 standards in a science, technology and innovation entity. Several methods and techniques were used that allowed to move from the analysis of the theoretical and conceptual foundations that allowed to present the methodology, emerging as an instrument to coordinate and carry out the necessary actions to reduce vulnerabilities to prevent, mitigate, attend and recover negative effects.

Abstract Background: Eriobotrya japonica is economically significant as an ornamental tree, and its leaves have medicinal properties. Question: What are the main chemical components of loquat leaves grown in a population of Central Veracruz Mexico? and does the methanolic extract have potential antidiabetic properties through α-glucosidase inhibition? Species study: Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. (Rosaceae) Study site and date: Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico, 2021-2022. Methods: Total carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) content, phosphorus (P), sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) were determined in leaves powder. Leaf methanol extract of E. japonica was tested for α-glucosidase inhibition. Also, different groups of secondary metabolites were detected by the phenolics/volatile-targeted metabolomic analysis. Results: The leaves of E. japonica are rich in C and minerals such as Na, K, Ca, and Mg, and contain high levels of flavonoids, and procyanidin B2. The leaf methanol extract (LME) effectively inhibited α-glucosidase activity (86.05 ± 0.73 %) in vitro. In addition, a leaf petroleum ether extract (LPE) contains mainly phytol, palmitic acid, linoleic acid, stearic acid, and phytol acetate. Conclusions: The leaf methanolic extract exhibited antidiabetic potential due to its potent α-glucosidase inhibition, and the presence of diverse phenolic compounds, including flavonoids and their glycoside derivatives, and some fatty acids further supports the traditional use of E. japonica as an herbal medicine with antidiabetic properties.

Resumen Antecedentes: Eriobotrya japonica es de importancia económica como árbol ornamental, y sus hojas tienen propiedades medicinales. Pregunta: ¿Cuáles son los principales componentes químicos de las hojas de níspero en una población del centro de Veracruz México? ¿Tiene el extracto metanólico propiedades antidiabéticas potenciales a través de la inhibición de la α-glucosidasa? Especie de estudio: Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. (Rosaceae) Sitio y año de estudio: Xalapa, Veracruz, México, 2021-2022. Materiales y métodos: Se determinó el contenido total de carbono (C) y nitrógeno (N), fósforo (P), sodio (Na), potasio (K), calcio (Ca) y magnesio (Mg) en el polvo foliar. Se analizó el extracto metanólico de hoja (LME) de E. japonica para determinar la inhibición de la α-glucosidasa. Además, se detectaron diferentes grupos de metabolitos secundarios mediante el análisis metabolómico dirigido a fenólicos/volátiles. Resultados: Las hojas de E. japonica son ricas en C y minerales como Na, K, Ca y Mg, y contienen altos niveles de flavonoides y procianidina B2. El extracto metanólico foliar (LME) inhibió eficazmente la actividad de la α-glucosidasa (86.05 ± 0.73 %) in vitro. Además, un extracto de éter de petróleo (LPE) de hoja contiene principalmente fitol, ácido palmítico, ácido linoleico, ácido esteárico y acetato de fitol. Conclusiones: El extracto metanólico de la hoja exhibió potencial antidiabético debido a su potente inhibición de la α-glucosidasa y la presencia de diversos compuestos fenólicos, incluidos flavonoides y sus derivados glucósidos, y algunos ácidos grasos respaldan el uso tradicional de E. japonica como medicina herbaria con efectos antidiabéticos.