Abstract The birth of the liberal system of education in the Roman Empire and its expansion, after the French revolution through pedagogical naturalism along the paths of Western education, its diversification through the new school movement means the installation from the conjunctural to the structural of a soft pedagogy that, with the emergence of emotional intelligences, infantilises education from the devaluation of discipline, effort and study as an arduous and slow process. To this, after the pandemic, online education intensifies and algorithms appear as agile solutions to accelerate and simplify the teaching-learning processes. The desire to make education profitable means the viralisation and hegemony of neoliberal budgets at all levels of education systems, progressively transforming higher education into theme parks at the service of transnationals where gamification replaces pedagogy and didactics replaces epistemologies, emptying universities of knowledge to turn them into higher institutions of entertainment. Re-reading memory not in order to commune with the past, but to analyse the intentions that founded universities as institutions that hosted slow pedagogies, based on study and discipline to dissolve the discourses ascribed to power and to be sources of contextualised and problematic truths, capable of disputing authoritarianisms' status quo through a dialogue of knowledge necessary for the construction of the imaginary of the community.

Resumen El nacimiento del sistema liberal de enseñanza en el imperio romano y su expansión, tras la revolución francesa, a través del naturalismo pedagógico, por las sendas de la educación occidental, su diversificación mediante el movimiento de la escuela nueva, significa la instalación desde lo coyuntural a lo estructural de una pedagogía blanda que, con la emergencia de las inteligencias emocionales, infantiliza la educación desde la devaluación de la disciplina, el esfuerzo y el estudio como un proceso arduo y lento. A ello, tras la pandemia, se intensifica la educación online y aparecen los algoritmos como soluciones ágiles para acelerar y simplificar los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje (la educación se vuelve sólo aprendizaje). Los deseos de rentabilizar la educación significan la viralización y hegemonía de los presupuestos neoliberales en todos los niveles de los sistemas educativos, transformando las instituciones de educación superior, progresivamente, en parques temáticos al servicio de las transnacionales donde la gamificación sustituye a la pedagogía y las didácticas a las epistemologías, vaciando las universidades de saberes para convertirlas en instituciones de entretenimiento. Releer el pasado, no para comulgar con él, sino para recuperar las intenciones que fundaron las universidades como instituciones que hospedaron unas pedagogías lentas, basadas en el estudio y la disciplina, capaces de educar sujetos capaces de disolver los discursos adscritos al poder y, ser fuentes de verdades contextualizadas y problemáticas; capaces, en suma, de disputar a los autoritarismos su estatus quo mediante un diálogo de saberes necesario para la construcción del imaginario de lo comunitario.

Resumen (Objetivo) La enseñanza de la cuantificación suele enfocarse en fórmulas para cuantificar la medida de magnitudes geométricas, ignorando sus usos en otras disciplinas. Esto hace indispensable formular marcos de referencia que le permitan a dicha enseñanza atender las justificaciones funcionales demandadas por otros dominios de conocimiento. Por tal razón, y enmarcada en la socioepistemología, el objetivo de esta investigación fue formular una epistemología de usos de la cuantificación. (Metodología) La metodología fue cualitativa y estuvo conformada por un corpus teórico-metodológico que articuló constructos de la categoría de modelación con datos empíricos. Esta formulación se llevó a cabo en dos fases. En la primera se enunció, de manera hipotética, una epistemología con base en un análisis a la resignificación de usos de la cuantificación construida en dos situaciones específicas de medición: una propia de una comunidad interdisciplinar y otra propia de la obra matemática titulada Intégrale, Longueur, Aire. La segunda fase analizó la emergencia de una resignificación de usos de la cuantificación en estudiantes de ingeniería durante el desarrollo de una situación escolar diseñada con base en la epistemología hipotética. (Resultados) Esta emergencia permitió validar empíricamente esta epistemología y expresar una transversalidad de usos de la cuantificación en situaciones específicas de medición, conformadas de significaciones, procedimientos e instrumentos que en conjunto derivan argumentaciones de cuantificación. (Conclusiones) Esta epistemología de usos permite plasmar a la situación de medición como un referente educativo para establecer el uso, la resignificación y la transversalidad de la cuantificación.

Resumo (Objetivo) O ensino da quantificação geralmente se concentra em fórmulas para quantificar a medição de magnitude geométricas, ignorando seus usos em outras disciplinas. Isso torna essencial a formulação de estruturas de referência que permitam que esse ensino atenda às justificativas funcionais xigidas por outros domínios do conhecimento. Por esse motivo, e dentro da estrutura da epistemologia social, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi formular uma epistemologia dos usos da quantificação. (Metodologia) A metodologia foi qualitativa e consistiu em um corpus teórico-metodológico que rticulou construções da categoria de modelagem com dados empíricos. Essa formulação foi realizada em duas fases. O primeiro enunciou hipoteticamente uma epistemologia baseada em uma análise da ressignificação dos usos da quantificação construída em duas situações específicas de medição: uma specífica de uma comunidade interdisciplinar e a outra do trabalho matemático intitulado Intégrale, Longueur, Aire. A segunda fase analisou o surgimento de uma ressignificação dos usos da quantificação em estudantes de engenharia durante o desenvolvimento de uma situação escolar projetada com base na epistemologia hipotética. (Resultados) Esse surgimento permitiu validar empiricamente essa epistemologia e expressar uma transversalidade de usos da quantificação em situações específicas de medição, composta de significados, procedimentos e instrumentos que, juntos, derivam argumentos de quantificação. (Conclusões) Essa epistemologia de usos permite que a situação de medição seja moldada como uma referência educacional para estabelecer o uso, a ressignificação e a transversalidade da quantificação.

Abstract (Objective) The teaching of quantification tends to focus on formulas for quantifying the measurement of geometric magnitudes, ignoring their uses in other disciplines. This makes it essential to formulate reference frameworks that allow such teaching to meet the functional justifications demanded by other domains of knowledge. For this reason, and within the framework of socioepistemology, the aim of this research was to formulate an epistemology of the uses of quantification. (Methodology) The methodology was qualitative and consisted of a theoretical-methodological corpus that articulated onstructs of a modelling category with empirical data. This formulation was carried out in two phases. In the first one, an epistemology was hypothetically formulated based on an analysis of resignification of the uses of quantification constructed in two specific measurement situations: one specific to an interdisciplinary community, and the other to the mathematical work entitled Intégrale, Longueur, Aire. The second phase analyzed the emergence of a resignification of the uses of quantification by engineering students during the development of a school situation designed on the basis of hypothetical epistemology. (Results) This emergence made it possible to empirically validate this epistemology and to express a transversality of uses of quantification in specific measurement situations, made up of meanings, procedures and instruments that together can be u sed to derive quantification arguments. (Conclusions) This epistemology of uses makes it possible to capture the measurement situation as an educational reference to establish the use, resignification, and transversality of quantification.

SUMMARY: The denomination of the "ulna" bone as "cubitus" bone is an error in terminology still observed in anatomy study texts and Chilean school textbooks, even though the term ulna was established as the official term in the 20th century. This problem is a reflection of the slow progressive change in academic communities and the population in general, through the traditional transfer of knowledge. Scientific dissemination allows for accelerating such a process, and in recent years, it has been enhanced through social networks and virtual platforms such as TikTok. Few studies relate the use of TikTok with anatomical learning. This research describes school students' perception of an informative video on correctly using the term "ulna." It analyzes the possible scope as a complementary activity to anatomical teaching for the school community and society. A TikTok video was developed and published four months before showing it to 17 11th-grade students from Viña del Mar, and then they were asked to complete a perception survey. In addition, statistical data provided by the TikTok platform itself was recorded. The results revealed a favorable reception of the informative content among the participating students, with a high percentage expressing total or partial agreement in all the statements evaluated (up to 82.4 %). The metrics delivered by the platform show an international reach, the main viewers being people from Chile (35.5 %), Mexico (25.3 %), and Colombia (7.2 %). Among the aspects mentioned by the students that need improvement, are the quality of visual editing and the fluency of the explanation. Given the positive perception obtained from the video, we consider that using these complementary tools can improve human anatomy's teaching and learning processes and broaden our practices' impact on the educational community and society.

RESUMEN: La denominación del hueso "ulna" como hueso "cúbito" es un error de terminología aún observado en textos de estudio de anatomía y en textos escolares chilenos, pese a que desde el siglo XX se ha establecido el término ulna como el oficial. Esto refleja la lentitud del proceso de cambio en las comunidades académicas y en la población general mediante la transmisión tradicional de conocimientos. La divulgación científica permite acelerar dicho proceso, y en los últimos años se ha potenciado por medio de redes sociales y plataformas virtuales como TikTok. Existen pocos estudios que relacionan el uso de TikTok con el aprendizaje anatómico. Esta investigación describe la percepción de estudiantes escolares frente a un vídeo divulgativo sobre el correcto uso del término "ulna" y analiza los posibles alcances como actividad complementaria de la enseñanza anatómica hacia la comunidad escolar y la sociedad. Se desarrolló un vídeo de TikTok publicado 4 meses antes de mostrarlo a 17 estudiantes de 3° de enseñanza secundaria, y luego se les solicitó completar una encuesta de percepción. Además, se registraron datos estadísticos entregados por la misma plataforma. Los resultados obtenidos revelan una favorable acogida del contenido divulgativo entre los estudiantes participantes, con un alto porcentaje expresando acuerdo total o parcial en todas las afirmaciones evaluadas (hasta un 82,4 %). Las métricas entregadas por la plataforma demuestran un alcance internacional, siendo los principales espectadores personas de Chile (35,5 %), México (25,3 %) y Colombia (7,2 %). Entre los aspectos a mejorar mencionados por los estudiantes está la calidad de edición visual y la fluidez de la explicación. Dada la positiva percepción obtenida frente al vídeo, consideramos que usar estas herramientas complementarias puede mejorar los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje de la anatomía humana y ampliar el impacto de nuestras prácticas en la comunidad educativa y la sociedad.

Abstract: How do the relationships between the concept of being indigenous and the processes of ethnoeducation manifest in southwestern Colombia? This ethnographic study explores the complexities of constructing ethnic identity among the indigenous peoples of Nariño, focusing on the implementation of educational programs driven by a population perspective. By questioning the foundations of ethnoeducation from the late 20th century to the early 21st century, we establish a dialogue among various institutional agents within the broader framework of ethnic-based social organization. We also examine the historical relationships, institutional archaisms, and contemporary challenges faced by ethnic educational processes in Nariño. We conclude with insights into the construction of ethnic identity and its implications for the social order governing the interactions between community members and government representatives. We conceptualize the relationship between the State, school, and ethnic identity as a fundamental part of Colombia’s modern project, which has been in development since the republican era. The institutional framework has fluctuated between protectionist, paternalistic, and cultural assimilation policies. However, the current threats to the physical and cultural survival of ancestral peoples must be addressed through the State’s institutional mechanisms and governance technologies. These mechanisms are designed to tackle the challenges of interculturality within a complex and often contradictory framework of relationships.

Resumo: Como são tecidas as relações entre a ideia de ser indígena e os processos de etnoeducação no sudoeste da Colômbia? Com base em uma pergunta que questiona a forma como as tecnologias escolares são implementadas e com uma abordagem etnográfica, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo compreender as complexidades da construção da identidade étnica dos povos indígenas de Nariño, com relação à implementação de programas educacionais orientados por uma perspectiva populacional, questionando os referentes da etnoeducação desde o final do século 20 até o início do século 21. Com o objetivo de estabelecer um diálogo entre os agentes que ocupam diferentes lugares no panorama de nossas instituições e dentro da ampla estrutura da organização social de base étnica, este artigo apresenta um relato das relações históricas, dos arcaísmos institucionais e dos desafios contemporâneos enfrentados pelos processos educacionais étnicos que ocorrem no território de Nariño. Ao final, são apresentadas algumas formas de compreender a construção da identidade étnica e suas consequências na configuração da suposta ordem social com a qual se estabelecem as relações entre os agentes comunitários e os representantes do governo. Esta pesquisa entende o triângulo conceitual de Estado, escola e identidade étnica como parte estrutural do projeto moderno que o país vem tentando consolidar desde a era republicana. Essa estrutura institucional foi determinada pela oscilação entre políticas protecionistas, paternalistas ou de assimilação cultural. Em todo caso, o perigo de extinção física e cultural que nossos povos ancestrais enfrentam atualmente deve ser enfrentado por meio dos mecanismos institucionais do Estado nacional e de suas tecnologias de governo, elementos que buscam responder aos desafios da interculturalidade em um contexto de relações complexas e contraditórias.

Resumen: ¿Cómo son las relaciones que se tejen entre la idea de ser indígena y los procesos de etnoeducación en el suroccidente colombiano? A partir de una pregunta que cuestiona la manera como se implementan las tecnologías escolares y con un enfoque etnográfico, esta investigación se propone comprender las complejidades de la construcción de la identidad étnica de los pueblos indígenas de Nariño, en relación con la implementación de programas educativos orientados por una perspectiva poblacional, al cuestionar los referentes de la etnoeducación desde finales del siglo XX hasta principios del XXI. Con el fin de establecer una conversación entre los agentes que ocupan los diversos lugares en el panorama de nuestras instituciones y dentro del amplio marco de la organización social de base étnica, este artículo da cuenta de las relaciones históricas, los arcaísmos institucionales y los retos contemporáneos que enfrentan los procesos educativos étnicos que ocurren en el territorio nariñense. Al final se plantean algunas formas de entender la construcción de la identidad étnica y sus consecuencias en la configuración del supuesto orden social con el que se establecen las relaciones entre agentes comunitarios y representantes gubernamentales. Esta investigación entiende el triángulo conceptual que conforman el Estado, la escuela y la identidad étnica como parte estructural del proyecto moderno que el país intenta consolidar desde la época republicana. Dicho marco institucional ha estado determinado por la oscilación entre políticas proteccionistas, paternalistas o de asimilación cultural. En todo caso, el peligro de extinción física y cultural que nuestros pueblos ancestrales sufren en la actualidad se tiene que enfrentar a partir de los mecanismos institucionales del Estado nacional y sus tecnologías de Gobierno, elementos que pretenden responder a los retos de la interculturalidad en un marco de relaciones complejas y contradictorias.

This article aims to characterise the elements and components of school coexistence that contribute to the construction of the concept of educational community, from the knowledge carried by the members of a research community. The study was carried out through the dialogic methodology, kishu kimkelay ta che [no person knows or learns by themself], which opts for the collective, participatory, and dialogic development of each stage of the research process. For the collection and analysis of empirical data, collective dialogue and Az kintun [to look according to the intention of searching or finding something together with others] were used. Among the results, a link between school coexistence and educational community was identified because both concepts interact systematically. On the one hand, the educational community is interpreted as the substantial, theoretical, conceptual, and epistemic basis through which people combine their perspectives towards common actions. And, on the other hand, school coexistence is seen as a process through which people build their interactions and interrelations. Therefore, if people agree to form an educational community based on community cohesion, then school coexistence could point towards a construction of interactions and interrelations with a collective focus. In conclusion, school coexistence is considered the process that favours the construction of the educational community according to the epistemic and gnoseological basis of such process.

Even though sexuality is an important aspect of humanity, talking about issues concerning sexuality is still taboo in many communities. Different religions and colonial structures banished African sexuality rituals and rites of passage in many communities because they were believed to be pagan. This wholesale erasure of sexual traditions created spaces in which the good was thrown out with the bad. That legacy has created many challenges in modern-day society, which could be addressed by comprehensive sexuality education. Therefore, a group of master's and doctoral students from contexts where sex talk is taboo were invited to join a funded project to conduct research on gender and sexuality in education. This paper presents a collaboration between the students and their supervisor in rethinking the need for comprehensive sexuality education in African contexts. A round-table discussion was used to generate data for this qualitative, critical, collaborative self-study. The findings highlight several societal challenges that provide a basis for the urgent inclusion of comprehensive sexuality education into curricula across schools and communities. We argue, from the findings, that maintaining the taboo status of sexuality issues does not serve anyone. It is like hiding our head in the sand even as our whole body is exposed. Thus, the study has implications for teacher education and community development projects towards equitable societies with healthy sexual lives.

The objective of this work is to present the preliminary results of a study that aims to investigate the consequences of the implementation of the educational itineraries in the public system on the experience of teaching and learning of faculty and students. To achieve this, we conducted qualitative research with field observation work in a full-time school in Campinas-SP and semistructured interviews with the faculty and students. The interviews were analyzed from the perspective of Content Analysis, which resulted in thematic categories, with the following most frequent themes: strategies, affections, time, university entrance exam, relation to conventional classes and methodology among the faculty; and of affections, relation to conventional classes, university entrance exam and relevance of the teacher among the students. These themes point to the perception of the deepening of inequality brought by the itineraries, to the distancing between the expectations and interests of the school community and the policy and to the centrality of the faculty work in the process of curriculum adaptation.

O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar os resultados preliminares de uma pesquisa que busca investigar as consequências da implementação dos itinerários formativos na rede pública para a experiência de ensino e aprendizagem de docentes e estudantes. Para isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa com trabalho de observação de campo em uma escola de tempo integral de Campinas-SP, além de entrevistas semiestruturadas com docentes e estudantes. As entrevistas foram analisadas sob a perspectiva da Análise de Conteúdo que resultou em categorias temáticas, constatando-se a maior frequência dos temas: estratégias, afetos, tempo, vestibular, relação com as disciplinas tradicionais e metodologia entre as docentes; e afetos, relação com as disciplinas tradicionais, vestibular e relevância do professor entre as estudantes. Essas temáticas apontam para a percepção do aprofundamento da desigualdade proporcionada pelos itinerários, para o distanciamento entre as expectativas e interesses da comunidade escolar e a política e para a centralidade do trabalho docente no processo de tradução do currículo.

Abstract: This article analyzes how the Covid-19 pandemic impacted the school path, and induced distancing and disconnection of adolescents in two public high schools and one community center in the town of Santa Fe, a neighborhood of Mexico City. Case studies were carried out to provide an account of how adolescents experienced the pandemic and the return to face-to-face classes, for which in-depth interviews and focus groups were conducted. The theory that underpins this work allowed us to move away from the concepts of school dropout or school abandonment to construct the notion of school disconnection as an intermediate category that emerges from the data. The research reports results about academic and socioemotional problems, as well as the construction of knowledge for life such as self-care and care for others.

Resumen: Este artículo analiza cómo la pandemia de covid-19 afectó la trayectoria escolar, así como el distanciamiento y desconexión de adolescentes en dos secundarias públicas y un centro comunitario del pueblo de Santa Fe, Ciudad de México. Se realizaron estudios de caso para dar cuenta de cómo las y los adolescentes vivieron la pandemia y el retorno a clases presenciales, para ello se realizaron entrevistas a profundidad y grupos focales. La teoría fundamentada que sostiene este trabajo permitió alejarse de los conceptos de deserción o abandono escolar para construir la noción de desconexión escolar como una categoría intermedia que emerge de los datos. En la investigación se reportan resultados sobre los problemas académicos y socioemocionales, así como la construcción de saberes para la vida como el autocuidado y el cuidado del otro.

Abstract: This article reports a study documenting managerial leadership within the schoolwork in tele-secondary institutions during the Covid-19 pandemic. The approach was qualitative with case study support. An exploratory stage was carried out, with the participation of management and teaching staff from the State of Veracruz, Mexico, and another in-depth stage, which resulted in the selection of two cases. The analysis presented focuses on a school principal and the center where he works; with the support of Atlas.ti, three categories were defined: teacher well-being, closeness to the students and professional learning community. The results show that what prevailed was the physical, labor and emotional well-being of teachers; the search for permanence and learning of the students, as well as the constitution of a professional learning community. We recognized that the possibility of innovation in education emerged, even amidst the health crisis.

Resumen: Este artículo presenta un estudio que documenta el liderazgo directivo dentro del trabajo escolar en telesecundaria durante la pandemia por covid-19. El enfoque fue cualitativo con apoyo en el estudio de casos. Se desarrolló una etapa exploratoria, con participación de personal directivo y docente de Veracruz, México, y otra de profundización, que permitió la selección de dos casos. El análisis presentado se enfoca en un director y la escuela donde labora; con apoyo en Atlas.ti, se definieron tres categorías: bienestar docente, cercanía con el alumnado y comunidad profesional de aprendizaje. Los resultados muestran el cuidado del bienestar físico, laboral y emocional docente; se procuró la permanencia y los aprendizajes del alumnado, así como la constitución de una comunidad profesional de aprendizaje. Se reconoció que, en medio de la crisis sanitaria, germinó la posibilidad de innovar en la educación.

Abstract This article analyzes the social, family, and country relations between a Zapotec community on the Isthmus of Tehuantepec and the main cities where they emigrate to pursue higher education. At the same time, it shows the transformations in gender relations that have arisen because of these migratory processes for educational purposes. This work is part of a long-term investigation on the topic, carried out initially for my bachelor's and master's thesis and later as part of the development of my doctoral thesis from 2009 to 2013. Likewise, in the intermittent research that I have carried out to date, the results are expressed in various articles and book chapters. It is part of the studies of the anthropology of education and is based on the analytical perspective proposed by María Bertely (1997, 1998, 2004, 2019) on schooling processes, ethnogenesis, de facto autonomy, and synchronic/diachronic approach to understanding how micro and community processes, apparently isolated in time, are connected to structural, macro-social, global, and long-term processes, such as school, in its broadest sense. The methodology is based on the use of genealogy, ethnography, interviews, and participant observation as classic tools of anthropology. Among the results, we find that access to the school system, and specifically to higher education, serves as a tool for obtaining, manipulating, and preserving ethnic citizenship; for the transformation of ethnic and gender identities; and the formation of strategic alliances with the nation-state and its government policies. In that sense, the work represents an original study, analyzing the cases of Zapotec literate families of the middle and upper class, rare in Mexican anthropology. However, we will see that having class privileges does not exempt Zapotecs from experiencing racism, discrimination, and gender inequalities in the context of migration.

Resumen Este artículo analiza las relaciones sociales, familiares y de paisanaje entre una comunidad zapoteca del Istmo de Tehuantepec y las principales ciudades a donde emigran para escolarizarse a nivel superior. Al mismo tiempo, muestra las transformaciones en las relaciones de género que se han suscitado como resultado de estos procesos migratorios con fines educativos. Este trabajo se enmarca en una investigación de largo aliento sobre el tema, realizada en un primer momento, para mi tesis de licenciatura y maestría, y posteriormente para el desarrollo de mi tesis doctoral del año 2009 al año 2013. Asimismo, en las investigaciones intermitentes que he llevado a cabo hasta la fecha, cuyos resultados se expresan en diversos artículos y capítulos de libro. Se inscribe dentro de los estudios de la antropología de la educación y se fundamenta en la perspectiva de análisis propuesta por María Bertely (1997, 1998, 2004, 2019) sobre procesos de escolarización, etnogénesis, autonomía de facto, y enfoque sincrónico/diacrónico, para entender cómo procesos micro y comunitarios, aparentemente aislados en el tiempo, se conectan a procesos estructurales, macrosociales, de carácter global y de largo aliento, como es la escuela, en su sentido más amplio. La metodología está basada en el uso de la genealogía, la etnografía, la entrevista y la observación participante como herramientas clásicas de la antropología. Entre los resultados encontramos que el acceso al dispositivo escolar, y específicamente a la educación superior, funge como herramienta para la obtención, manipulación y preservación de la ciudadanía étnica; para la transformación de las identidades étnicas y genéricas; y la formación de alianzas estratégicas con el Estado-nación y sus políticas gubernamentales. En ese sentido, el trabajo representa un estudio original, al analizar los casos de las familias letradas zapotecas de clase media y alta, escasos en la antropología mexicana. No obstante, veremos que contar con privilegios de clase no exime a los zapotecos de experimentar racismo, discriminación y desigualdades de género en los contextos de la migración.

Abstract School-age children (5-9 years) can benefit from educational interventions focused on healthy eating and physical activity to improve their quality of life. This work aims to review the evidence on food and nutrition education (FNE) in Spanish-speaking countries for the prevention of overweight and obesity in school-age children. There is a wide variety of experiences in FNE in Hispanic countries. The FNE interventions are effective in improving knowledge and attitudes towards healthy eating. Diagnosis, variable selection, and the design and validation of interventions and instruments are crucial. The frequency, duration and number of components of the interventions, as well as the participation of multiple actors such as parents, teachers, professors, and the school community, are key to greater effectiveness. Little impact is observed on nutritional status in educational interventions, which may be due to short execution periods. Food and nutritional surveillance systems in schools should consider cognitive and behavioral indicators to measure the effectiveness of FNE in the fight against overweight and obesity in schools. In conclusion, greater effectiveness of FNE is observed in knowledge and attitudes. Teacher training programs are required to implement innovative long-term FNE strategies in schools to combat obesity and prevent chronic diseases early in life, as well as robust monitoring and evaluation systems.

Resumen Los niños de edad escolar (NEE) pueden beneficiarse de intervenciones educativas centradas en alimentación saludable y actividad física para mejorar su calidad de vida. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo revisar la evidencia sobre educación alimentaria y nutricional (EAN) en países de habla hispana para la prevención del sobrepeso y la obesidad en NEE. Existe una amplia variedad de experiencias en EAN en países hispanos. Las intervenciones son efectivas para mejorar conocimiento y actitud hacia la alimentación saludable. El diagnóstico, selección de variables a intervenir, el diseño de intervenciones y de instrumentos válidos son clave. La frecuencia, duración y el número de componentes de las intervenciones son clave para mayor efectividad en las intervenciones, así como la participación de múltiples actores como padres, maestros, profesores y la comunidad escolar. Se observa poco impacto sobre el estado nutricional en las intervenciones educativas. Sin embargo, esto puede deberse a cortos periodos de ejecución. Los sistemas de vigilancia alimentarios y nutricionales en las escuelas deben considerar indicadores cognitivos y conductuales para medir la eficacia de las intervenciones EAN en el marco de la lucha contra el sobrepeso y la obesidad en las escuelas. En conclusión, se observa una mayor efectividad de las intervenciones EAN en el conocimiento y la actitud. Se requieren programas de capacitación docente para implementar estrategias innovadoras de EAN en las escuelas de largo plazo para combatir la obesidad y prevenir las enfermedades crónicas desde temprano en la vida; así como de robustos sistemas de seguimiento y evaluación.

RESUMO Relato de experiência que apresenta parceria entre o Núcleo de Saúde Mental Álcool e Outras Drogas, o Observatório de Territórios Sustentáveis e Saudáveis da Bocaina e o Fórum de Comunidades Tradicionais de Angra dos Reis, Paraty e Ubatuba, o qual resultou em um projeto de intervenções territoriais e comunitárias em saúde mental em Paraty. O objetivo foi promover intervenções nesse campo considerando aspectos socioeconômicos, ambientais e de saúde, integrando os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável e as metas da Agenda 2030. O projeto desenvolveu atividades de diagnóstico, articulação, intervenção e monitoramento, utilizando metodologias como educação popular, educação permanente, pesquisa-ação e sistematização de experiências. Participaram residentes do Programa de Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde Mental, Álcool e outras Drogas da Escola de Governo Fiocruz Brasília, além de um supervisor clínico institucional bolsista, fortalecendo a Rede de Atenção Psicossocial do município. Atividades como reconhecimento do território, rodas de conversa, entrevistas e trabalho em equipe multiprofissional foram realizadas para compreender o sofrimento mental valorizando os saberes comunitários e as tradições. A relação com a rede formal de saúde mental foi estabelecida para implementar o matriciamento e ampliar o acesso ao cuidado em saúde mental nas comunidades. Reis Ubatuba socioeconômicos 2030 diagnóstico articulação monitoramento popular permanente pesquisaação pesquisa ação experiências Brasília bolsista município território conversa tradições comunidades 203 20 2

ABSTRACT Experience report presenting a partnership between the Mental Health Alcohol and Other Drugs Center, the Observatory of Sustainable and Healthy Territories of Bocaina, and the Forum of Traditional Communities of Angra dos Reis, Paraty, and Ubatuba resulted in a project of territorial and community interventions in mental health in Paraty. The goal was to promote interventions in this field considering socioeconomic, environmental, and health aspects, integrating the Sustainable Development Goals and the targets of the 2030 Agenda. The project developed diagnostic, articulation, intervention and monitoring activities, using methodologies such as popular education, permanent education, action research and systematization of experiences. Residents of the Multiprofessional Residency Program in Mental Health, Alcohol, and other Drugs from the FIOCRUZ Brasília School of Government participated, as well as an institutional clinical supervisor fellow, strengthening the municipality’s Psychosocial Care Network. Activities such as territory recognition, conversation circles, interviews, and multiprofessional teamwork were carried out to understand mental suffering valuing community knowledge and traditions. The relationship with the formal mental health network was established to implement matrix support and expand access to mental health care in communities. Center Bocaina Reis Paraty socioeconomic environmental aspects 203 Agenda diagnostic articulation activities education experiences participated fellow municipalitys municipality s Network recognition circles interviews traditions communities 20 2

Abstract School environmental clubs function as an interdisciplinary open classroom, facilitating the exchange of knowledge with different actors from the community and school. The goal of this project was to connect the knowledge of students from the Zonda Agrotechnical School (San Juan province, Argentina) with the community through the school environmental club, aiming to raise awareness about local socio-environmental issues. To achieve this, an active-participatory methodology was employed through various participation workshops. As a result, concrete proposals and actions for recycling and conservation of resources were obtained. Environmental education through socio-educational practices in school clubs promotes awareness among students and the community regarding environmental issues.

Resumo Os clubes ambientais escolares funcionam como uma sala de aula interdisciplinar aberta, permitindo a troca de conhecimentos com diferentes atores da sociedade e da escola. O objetivo deste trabalho foi vincular o conhecimento dos alunos da Escola Agrotécnica Zonda, província de San Juan, com a comunidade através do clube ambiental escolar, para conscientizar sobre os problemas socioambientais locais. Para isso, utilizou-se uma metodologia ativo-participativa por meio de diferentes oficinas de participação. Como resultado, foram obtidas propostas e ações concretas para reciclagem e conservação de recursos. A educação ambiental, por meio de práticas socioeducativas no âmbito dos clubes escolares, promove a conscientização dos alunos e da comunidade sobre os problemas ambientais.

Resumen Los clubes ambientales escolares funcionan como un aula abierta interdisciplinaria, permitiendo el intercambio de saberes con distintos actores de la sociedad y la escuela. La meta de este trabajo fue vincular el conocimiento de los alumnos de la Escuela Agrotécnica de Zonda, provincia de San Juan, con la comunidad a través del club ambiental escolar, para lograr concientización sobre las problemáticas socioambientales locales. Para ello, se utilizó una metodología activa-participativa mediante distintos talleres de participación. Como resultado se obtuvieron propuestas y acciones concretas de reciclaje y conservación de los recursos. La educación ambiental, a través de prácticas socioeducativas en el marco de clubes escolares, promueve la concientización de los alumnos y la comunidad sobre las problemáticas ambientales.

School-related Gender-based Violence (SRGBV) is a sub-set of gender-based violence (GBV) that occurs in primary and secondary school settings. SRGBV is a daunting reality, a crime against humanity, and therefore a human rights issue. Responsive SRGBV programmes need to be dynamic, and determined by the needs of communities and learners. If the Department of Basic Education (DBE) wants to remain relevant in supporting communities into becoming safe spaces for all, it needs to promote safe community models with adequate flexibility. Although school-based occupational therapists are a human resource of the DBE, traditionally occupational therapists have not been involved in addressing SRGBV in school settings in South Africa. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: This opinion paper elaborates on the context within which school-based occupational therapists can reframe SRGBV as an occupational injustice, and develop life skills interventions that address SRGBV. Recommendations for action are made using existing frameworks such as the Participatory Occupational Justice Framework, and the INSPIRE framework of the United Nations. It encourages school-based occupational therapists to become activists that promote occupational justice, and are leaders in the prevention of and intervention for SRGBV.

Resumen El artículo se centra en el análisis de la percepción del equipo docente sobre la utilización, desafíos y pertinencia de actividades lúdicas en bachillerato en la “Unidad Educativa Dr. Bruno Sánchez Carreño”, ubicada en Manabí, Ecuador. Se efectuaron encuestas y entrevistas a los 20 docentes que integran este equipo, buscando la exploración, evaluación y la descripción de sus opiniones para entender la relevancia de esta estrategia desde la mirada del profesorado. Mientras algunos ven estas actividades como efectivas para fomentar la participación y aprendizaje significativo, otros muestran resistencia y mantienen posturas tradicionales. Se destaca la planificación cuidadosa y la necesidad de abordar las preocupaciones y resistencias para garantizar su efectividad en el proceso educativo por medio de capacitación constante y participación activa de toda la comunidad educativa.

Abstract The article delves into the analysis of the teaching team’s perception regarding the use, challenges, and relevance of ludic activities in high school at the “Unidad Educativa Dr. Bruno Sánchez Carreño”, located in Manabí, Ecuador. Surveys and interviews were conducted with the 20 teachers comprising this team, aiming to explore, evaluate, and describe these opinions to understand the relevance of this strategy from the faculty’s perspective. While some view these activities as effective in fostering participation and meaningful learning, others show resistance and maintain traditional positions. Careful planning is highlighted, as well as the need to address concerns and resistance to ensure their effectiveness in the educational process through constant training and active participation of the entire educational community.