ABSTRACT Safflower is a crop with seeds containing high amounts of oleic and linoleic acids, which have applications in cosmetics, food, feed, and pharmaceutical industries. Safflower seeds are generally reported to undergo after-ripening and to have physiological dormancy. This study comprehensively analyzed the physical changes and the induction of dormancy and germinability in developing seeds to determine whether the safflower population is adequately developed during seed dispersal. From the 80th day after flowering (DAF), seeds were collected separately from plants on a weekly basis until 131 DAF, resulting in seven sampling dates. The changes in length, diameter, thickness, water content, and fresh and dry weight during seed development were measured. Simultaneously, the effects of dark and light, temperature, and gibberellic acid (GA3) (0, 50, and 100 µM) on seed germination, dormancy and germination characteristics of safflower seeds were investigated. The seeds ceased to increase in length, width and thickness, reaching a mature appearance at 131 DAF, with a dry mass per seed of 0.0443 g. The water content decreased between 117 and 124 DAF, indicating an obvious process of desiccation during the final stage of seed maturation. Germination capacity is acquired at 117 DAF, as evidenced by an increase in germination and a reduction in dormant seeds, particularly at low temperatures (10°C) and with GA3 supplementation. At 131 DAF, seeds exhibited 7.9 % water content, and there was an increase in seed germination and a decrease in seed dormancy status, regardless of GA3 supplementation and temperature. acids cosmetics food feed industries afterripening ripening dispersal th DAF , (DAF) 13 dates length diameter thickness measured Simultaneously light temperature GA (GA3 0, 0 (0 50 10 µM investigated 00443 0443 0.044 g 11 12 maturation 10°C 10C C (10°C 79 7 9 7. status (DAF 1 (GA ( 5 0044 044 0.04 004 04 0.0 00 0.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the presence of congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium in a large family affected by familial adenomatous polyposis and identify the causative mutation in the adenomatous polyposis coli gene. Thus, we aimed to determine the significance of congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium as a phenotypic marker of the disease. Methods: A family consisting of 95 individuals was evaluated. Among these, 45 individuals were randomly selected by convenience sampling method to undergo ophthalmological evaluation. A funduscopic exam, including slit lamp and indirect ophthalmoscopy, were performed in the selected patients. In those with retinal lesions, a retinography was obtained. The adenomatous polyposis coli gene was sequenced in one affected family member to identify the pathogenic mutation. Once the variant was identified, six undiagnosed family members were tested for the mutation via capillary electrophoresis sequencing. Results: Congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium was observed in 13 (28.9%) of the 45 individuals evaluated. Of these, nine patients were confirmed to have familial adenomatous polyposis (via colonoscopy or molecular testing). However, four patients had not been investigated. Of the 32 (71.1%) family members without the lesion, 14 did not have familial adenomatous polyposis and 18 were yet to be evaluated. The lesions were bilaterally present and exhibited a peculiar fish-tail shape in all the evaluated individuals. Adenomatous polyposis coli gene sequencing revealed a pathogenic variant c.4031del. (Ser1344*), in heterozygosity (49.27%), in exon 16. Conclusions: The study findings confirmed the significance of congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium as a phenotypic marker for familial adenomatous polyposis. Furthermore, it is an effective first-line screening method for at risk family members of such patients. The novel mutation identified in our study participants, which is yet to be described in the literature, causes an aggressive form of the disease. Purpose Thus disease Methods 9 these 4 evaluation exam ophthalmoscopy obtained Results 1 28.9% 289 28 (28.9% testing. testing . testing) However investigated 3 71.1% 711 71 (71.1% lesion fishtail fish tail c4031del cdel c 4031del del c.4031del Ser1344*, Ser1344 Ser Ser1344* , (Ser1344*) 49.27%, 4927 49.27% 49 27 (49.27%) 16 Conclusions Furthermore firstline first line participants literature 28.9 2 (28.9 71.1 7 (71.1 Ser134 (Ser1344* 492 49.27 (49.27% 28. (28. 71. (71. Ser13 (Ser1344 49.2 (49.27 (28 (71 Ser1 (Ser134 49. (49.2 (2 (7 (Ser13 (49. ( (Ser1 (49 (Ser (4

Bulk precipitation (BP) samples were collected at two coastal urban sites and two montane Atlantic Forest (400 and 1000 m altitude) areas in southeastern Brazil from August 2008 to August 2009. These samples were analyzed for the major inorganic ions (H+, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl- and SO42-) found in rainwater. The concentrations of inorganic nitrogen species (NH4+, NO3- and NO2-) were compiled from a previous study. The volume-weighted mean (VWM) concentrations of inorganic ions differed spatially, with higher values at the coastal urban and coastal periurban sites. On a molar basis, Cl- and Na+ together comprised 60% of the total inorganic constituents at the coastal urban site and 34-42% at the other three sites, as it is the closest to the ocean. Magnesium was also primarily associated with sea-salt aerosol. Non-sea-salt (nss) fractions of K+, Ca2+ and SO42- comprised 68-93% of their VWM concentrations, indicating the contribution of natural (mostly biogenic) and anthropogenic (SO2 oxidation for the latter) sources. Finally, we found that the acidity of BP at the four sampling sites is primarily controlled by the NH4+, nss-Ca2+, nss-SO42-, and NO3- ions, resulting in VWM pH values ranging from 5.60 (lower montane forest) to 5.98 (coastal periurban site). (BP 400 (40 100 altitude 200 2009 H+, H (H+ Na K K+ Ca2 Ca Mg2 Mg Mg2+ Cl SO42 SO rainwater NH4 NH (NH4+ NO3 NO NO2 NO2- study volumeweighted volume weighted (VWM spatially basis 60 3442% 3442 34 42% 42 34-42 ocean seasalt sea salt aerosol Nonseasalt Non nss (nss 6893% 6893 68 93% 93 68-93 mostly biogenic SO2 (SO latter sources Finally NH4+ nssCa2+, nssCa2 nssCa nss-Ca2+ nssSO42, nssSO42 nssSO , nss-SO42- 560 5 5.6 lower forest 598 98 5.9 site. . site) 40 (4 10 20 H+ (H SO4 (NH4 6 344 3 4 34-4 689 9 68-9 nssCa2+ nss-Ca2 nssSO4 nss-SO42 56 5. 59 ( 1 2 (NH 34- 68- nss-Ca nss-SO4 nss-SO

Abstract Objectives To investigate the validity evidence of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and to analyze the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms in a sample of Brazilian nursing workers. Methods This was a cross-sectional study with non-probability convenience sampling. A total of 4053 Brazilian nursing workers participated in the study. The psychometric properties of DASS-21 were assessed by analysis of the validity based on the internal structure (factorial, convergent, and discriminant construct validity, invariance of the factorial model, and reliability); relationships with external measures (positive and negative convergent validity of the depression, anxiety, and stress factors with the emotional impairment, job satisfaction, and individual and occupational variables); and response process of the items (analysis of the differential item functioning in distinct subgroups). Data reliability was certified by estimating the ordinal alpha coefficient and the composite reliability. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms was estimated based on recommendations from the original authors of DASS-21. Results During validation of the internal structure, the confirmatory factor analysis showed that the fit of the sample to the original DASS-21 model was adequate and the strong measurement invariance of the model was confirmed in different groups. Analysis based on external measures showed that the depression, anxiety, and stress factors had positive and moderate-strong correlations with the emotional impairment domain and negative and moderate correlations with the job satisfaction construct. Analysis of the pattern of response to items confirmed the uniformity and stability of the instrument for the sample. Regarding symptoms, the high prevalence of extremely severe levels of depression, anxiety, and stress was highlighted among participants. Conclusion DASS-21 presented adequate validity and reliability to assess depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms among Brazilian nursing workers. Depression Anxiety DASS21 DASS 21 (DASS-21 depression anxiety crosssectional cross sectional nonprobability non probability sampling 405 DASS-2 factorial, (factorial reliability) variables variables) subgroups. subgroups . subgroups) DASS21. 21. groups moderatestrong participants DASS2 2 (DASS-2 40 DASS- (DASS- 4 (DASS

Resumo Objetivo Investigar as evidências de validade da Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) para análise da prevalência de sintomas de depressão, ansiedade e estresse em uma amostra de trabalhadores de enfermagem brasileiros. Métodos Estudo transversal, com amostragem não-probabilística. Participaram do estudo 4053 trabalhadores de enfermagem brasileiros. As propriedades psicométricas da DASS-21 foram avaliadas por meio de análise da validade baseada na estrutura interna (validade de construto fatorial, convergente e discriminante; invariância do modelo fatorial; confiabilidade); validade baseada nas relações com medidas externas (validade convergente positiva e negativa dos fatores depressão, ansiedade e estresse com os construtos prejuízo emocional, satisfação no trabalho e variáveis individuais e ocupacionais); validade baseada no padrão de resposta aos itens do instrumento (análise da função diferencial dos itens em subgrupos distintos). A confiabilidade dos dados foi atestada por meio da estimação do coeficiente alfa ordinal e da confiabilidade composta. A prevalência de sintomas de depressão, ansiedade e estresse foi estimada a partir das recomendações dos autores originais da DASS-21. Resultados Durante a validação da estrutura interna, a análise fatorial confirmatória revelou que o modelo original da DASS-21 apresentou ajustamento adequado para a amostra e foi atestada a invariância de medida forte do modelo entre grupos distintos. A análise baseada em medidas externas mostrou que os fatores depressão, ansiedade e estresse apresentaram correlações positivas e moderadas-fortes com o domínio prejuízo emocional e correlações negativas e moderadas com o construto satisfação no trabalho. A análise do padrão de repostas aos itens comprovou a uniformidade e a estabilidade do instrumento para a amostra. Quanto aos sintomas, destaca-se a alta prevalência de níveis extremamente graves de depressão, ansiedade e estresse entre os participantes. Conclusão A DASS-21 apresentou adequada validade e confiabilidade para a avaliação de sintomas de depressão, ansiedade e estresse entre trabalhadores de enfermagem brasileiros. Depression DASS21 DASS 21 (DASS-21 depressão brasileiros transversal nãoprobabilística. nãoprobabilística não probabilística. probabilística não-probabilística 405 DASS-2 discriminante confiabilidade) ocupacionais ocupacionais) distintos . distintos) composta DASS21. 21. moderadasfortes fortes destacase destaca se participantes DASS2 2 (DASS-2 40 DASS- (DASS- 4 (DASS

Resumen Objetivo Investigar las evidencias de validez de la Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) para analizar la prevalencia de síntomas de depresión, ansiedad y estrés en una muestra de trabajadores de enfermería brasileños. Métodos Estudio transversal con muestreo no probabilístico. Participaron en el estudio 4053 trabajadores de enfermería brasileños. Se evaluaron las propiedades psicométricas de la DASS-21 mediante el análisis de validez basada en le estructura interna (validez del constructo factorial, convergente y discriminante; invarianza del modelo factorial; fiabilidad), validez basada en las relaciones con medidas externas (validez convergente positiva y negativa de los factores depresión, ansiedad y estrés con los constructos daño emocional, satisfacción en el trabajo y variables individuales y laborales), validez basada en el patrón de respuesta a los ítems del instrumento (análisis de la función diferencial de los ítems en subgrupos distintos). Se comprobó la fiabilidad de los datos mediante la estimación del coeficiente alfa ordinal y la fiabilidad compuesta. La prevalencia de síntomas de depresión, ansiedad y estrés se estimó a partir de las recomendaciones de los autores originales de la DASS-21. Resultados Durante la validación de la estructura interna, el análisis factorial confirmatorio reveló que el modelo original de la DASS-21 presentó un ajuste adecuado para la muestra y se comprobó la invarianza de medida fuerte del modelo entre grupos distintos. El análisis basado en las medidas externas mostró que los factores depresión, ansiedad y estrés presentan correlaciones positivas y moderadas-fuertes con el dominio daño emocional y correlaciones negativas y moderadas con el constructo satisfacción en el trabajo. El análisis del patrón de respuestas de los ítems comprobó la uniformidad y la estabilidad del instrumento para la muestra. Respecto a los síntomas, se destaca la alta prevalencia de niveles extremadamente graves de depresión, ansiedad y estrés entre los participantes. Conclusión La DASS-21 presentó validez y fiabilidad adecuada para evaluar síntomas de depresión, ansiedad y estrés entre trabajadores de enfermería brasileños. Depression DASS21 DASS 21 (DASS-21 depresión brasileños probabilístico 405 DASS-2 discriminante fiabilidad, , fiabilidad) laborales, laborales laborales) distintos . distintos) compuesta DASS21. 21. moderadasfuertes fuertes participantes DASS2 2 (DASS-2 40 DASS- (DASS- 4 (DASS

ABSTRACT: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease that must be studied on the One Health point of view. It is possible that there are particularities in the epidemiology of leptospirosis in Caatinga biome, where the environment is often unfavorable and challenges the adaptability of Leptospira spp. Overall, 100 dogs (47 shelter and 53 stray dogs) selected based on sampling calculation were used to evaluate the Leptospira spp. seroprevalence and associated factors. The microscopic agglutination test (MAT) was applied to detect anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies (cut-off titer 50). Risk factors were identified using the robust Poisson regression analysis. Twenty-four animals (24%; 95% CI = 15.6% - 32.4%) were seroreactive, antibody titers ranged from 50 to 200, and the reacting serogroups were Ballum (17%), Autumnalis (6%) and Djasiman (1%). The factors/categories associated with seropositivity were the environment where the animal stay/soil (prevalence ratio [PR] = 6.03; 95% CI for PR: 1.86 - 7.69; P < 0.001) and access to polluted water/yes (PR = 3.79; 95% CI for PR: 1.85 - 24.22; P = 0.011). The results suggested leptospirosis as a concern in the One Health context in stray and shelter dogs from the Caatinga biome despite the adverse conditions of this biome for the survive of Leptospira spp. on the environment. Moreover, despite being social and government issues, factors such as environment where the animal stay (soil) and access to polluted water must be carefully deemed and corrected to avoid the transmission of leptospires to animals and humans. ABSTRACT view spp Overall 10 47 (4 5 MAT (MAT antiLeptospira anti cutoff cut off 50. . 50) analysis Twentyfour Twenty four 24% 24 (24% 95 156 15 6 15.6 32.4% 324 32 4 seroreactive 200 17%, 17 17% , (17%) 6% (6% 1%. 1 1% (1%) factorscategories categories staysoil soil prevalence PR [PR 6.03 603 03 186 86 1.8 7.69 769 7 69 0.001 0001 0 001 wateryes yes 3.79 379 3 79 185 85 24.22 2422 22 0.011. 0011 0.011 011 0.011) Moreover issues (soil humans ( 2 (24 9 15. 32.4 20 (17% (6 (1% 6.0 60 18 8 1. 7.6 76 0.00 000 00 3.7 37 24.2 242 0.01 01 (2 32. (17 (1 6. 7. 0.0 3. 24. 0.

RESUMO: A leptospirose é uma doença zoonótica que deve ser estudada sob o ponto de vista da Saúde Única. É possível que existam particularidades na epidemiologia da leptospirose no bioma Caatinga, onde o ambiente é muitas vezes desfavorável e desafia a adaptabilidade de Leptospira spp. No total, 100 cães (47 de abrigos e 53 errantes) selecionados com base em cálculo amostral foram utilizados para avaliar a soroprevalência de Leptospira spp. e os fatores associados. O teste de soroaglutinação microscópica (SAM) foi aplicado para detetar anticorpos anti-Leptospira spp. (título 50 como ponto de corte). Os fatores de risco foram identificados utilizando a análise de regressão de Poisson robusta. Vinte e quatro animais (24%; IC 95% = 15,6% - 32,4%) foram soropositivos, os títulos de anticorpos variaram de 50 a 200, e os serogrupos reagentes foram Ballum (17%), Autumnalis (6%) e Djasiman (1%). Os fatores/categorias associados à seropositividade foram o ambiente onde o animal se encontra/solo (razão de prevalência [RP] = 6,03; IC 95% para RP: 1,86 - 7,69; P < 0,001) e o acesso a água poluída/sim (RP = 3,79; IC 95% para RP: 1,85 - 24,22; P = 0,011). Os resultados sugerem a leptospirose como uma preocupação no contexto da Saúde Única em cães errantes e de abrigos no bioma Caatinga, apesar das condições adversas desse bioma para a sobrevivência de Leptospira spp. no ambiente. Além disso, apesar de serem questões sociais e governamentais, fatores como o ambiente onde o animal fica (solo) e o acesso à água poluída devem ser cuidadosamente analisados e corrigidos para evitar a transmissão de leptospiras para animais e humanos. RESUMO Caatinga spp total 10 47 (4 5 SAM (SAM antiLeptospira anti título corte. corte . corte) robusta 24% 24 (24% 95 156 15 6 15,6 32,4% 324 32 4 soropositivos 200 17%, 17 17% , (17%) 6% (6% 1%. 1 1% (1%) fatorescategorias categorias encontrasolo encontra solo razão RP [RP 6,03 603 03 186 86 1,8 7,69 769 7 69 0,001 0001 0 001 poluídasim sim 3,79 379 3 79 185 85 24,22 2422 22 0,011. 0011 0,011 011 0,011) disso governamentais (solo humanos ( 2 (24 9 15, 32,4 20 (17% (6 (1% 6,0 60 18 8 1, 7,6 76 0,00 000 00 3,7 37 24,2 242 0,01 01 (2 32, (17 (1 6, 7, 0,0 3, 24, 0,

ABSTRACT: This study was to understand, evaluated and analyzed various issues related to durum wheat production. The population of the study consisted of durum wheat producers working in Ergani, Yenişehir, Bismil and Çınar districts of Diyarbakır province. The sample of the study was determined by using simple random sampling method among durum wheat producers operating in Ergani, Yenişehir, Bismil and Çınar districts of Diyarbakır province. In the study, the “sales kg” criterion was reported to be more important than the others. The “Eyyübi” variety was have the highest performance compared to other alternatives. It was also found that producers’ priorities in variety selection were resistance/tolerance of the variety to diseases and pests, market selling price and seed price. Türkiye stands out as an important durum wheat producing country. Secondly, the best performing product in Türkiye on the cost-benefit axis is Eyyübi This study was carried out with the financial support of TAGEM. It is declared that there is no conflict of interest. ABSTRACT understand production Ergani Yenişehir province sales kg others “Eyyübi alternatives resistancetolerance resistance tolerance pests country Secondly costbenefit cost benefit TAGEM interest

RESUMO: O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender, avaliar e analisar diversas questões relacionadas à produção de trigo duro. A população do estudo consistia em produtores de trigo duro que trabalhavam nos distritos de Ergani, Yenişehir, Bismil e Çınar, na província de Diyarbakır. A amostra do estudo foi determinada usando o método de amostragem aleatória simples entre produtores de trigo duro que operam nos distritos de Ergani, Yenişehir, Bismil e Çınar, na província de Diyarbakır. No estudo, o critério “quilo vendas” mostrou-se mais importante que os demais. A variedade “Eyyübi” apresentou o melhor desempenho em comparação com outras alternativas. Verificou-se também que as prioridades dos produtores na seleção das variedades eram a resistência/tolerância da variedade a doenças e pragas, o preço de venda no mercado e o preço da semente. A Turquia se destaca como um importante país produtor de trigo duro. Em segundo lugar, o produto com melhor desempenho na Turquia no eixo custo-benefício é o Eyyübi. RESUMO compreender Ergani Yenişehir Çınar Diyarbakır quilo vendas mostrouse mostrou demais Eyyübi “Eyyübi alternativas Verificouse Verificou resistênciatolerância resistência tolerância pragas semente lugar custobenefício custo benefício

Abstract Background: Smartphones provide immediate access to information, and nursing students consider them essential tools. However, the addiction to these devices is increasing. Objective: To identify smartphone addiction among nursing students. Methodology: A descriptive correlational study was conducted using the stratified random sampling method. The sample size was calculated based on a confidence level of 0.05, with 90% power, and a median effect size of 0.09. The study included 149 nursing students. Results: The component “Smartphone use, abuse, and addiction” correlated negatively with the component “Personality traits” (r s = -0.228; p = 0.005); the component “Smartphone use, abuse, and addiction” correlated positively with the component “Financial spending” (r s = 0.376; p = 0.001). Conclusion: Smartphone use is high. Understanding the extent of this phenomenon can aid in developing effective strategies to prevent smartphone addiction.

Resumen Marco contextual: Los teléfonos móviles inteligentes permiten acceder a información de manera inmediata. La adicción al uso de estos dispositivos es cada vez mayor, los teléfonos móviles inteligentes se han convertido en un elemento importante para los estudiantes de enfermería. Objetivo: Identificar la adicción al uso del teléfono móvil inteligente en estudiantes de enfermería. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo correlacional, el muestreo fue aleatorio, la muestra se calculó considerando un nivel de confianza de 0,05, una potencia de 90%, un tamaño de efecto mediano de 0,09, la muestra se conformó por 149 estudiantes de enfermería. Resultados: El componente de uso, abuso y adicción al teléfono móvil inteligente se relacionó negativamente con el componente rasgo de personalidad (r s = -0,228; p = 0,005), el uso, abuso y adicción al teléfono móvil inteligente se relacionó positivamente con el gasto monetario (r s = 0,376; p = 0,001). Conclusión: Se identificó que existe un alto uso de los teléfonos móviles inteligentes, comprender el alcance de dicho fenómeno puede ayudar a plantear estrategias eficaces para prevenir la adicción al teléfono móvil inteligente.

Resumo Enquadramento: Os telemóveis inteligentes estão permitem acesso imediato à informação. O vício no uso desses dispositivos é cada vez maior, os celulares inteligentes tornaram-se um elemento importante para os estudantes de enfermagem. Objetivo: Identificar a dependência do uso do smartphone em estudantes de enfermagem. Metodologia: Estudo correlacional descritivo, a amostragem foi aleatória, a amostra foi calculada considerando nível de confiança de 0,05, poder de 90%, tamanho de efeito médio de 0,09, a amostra foi composta por 149 estudantes de enfermagem. Resultados: O componente de uso, abuso e dependência de smartphone foi negativamente relacionado ao componente de traço de personalidade (r s = -0,228; p = 0,005), o uso, abuso e dependência de smartphone foi relacionado positivamente com gastos monetários (r s = 0,376; p = 0,001). Conclusão: Identificou-se que existe um alto uso de telefones móveis inteligentes, compreender a abrangência desse fenômeno pode ajudar a propor estratégias eficazes para prevenir o vício em celulares.

ABSTRACT Agonoscena pistaciae (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) is a significant pest in pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) orchards in Türkiye. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of yellow sticky traps as an alternative method for controlling A. pistaciae populations in pistachio orchards. Conducted in late September and early October of 2021 and 2022, during peak pest activity, the experiment was carried out in Siirt, with three replicates following a randomized block design. Five traps were hung on all sides of each tree for sampling. Repeated measures ANOVA (repeated measures; general linear model) was used to observe changes over time. The results indicated that yellow sticky traps were highly effective in mass trapping adults, capturing an average maximum of 12 332.67 adults per trap. A significant decrease in the number of nymphs and eggs on the leaves was observed in the yellow sticky trap-treated trees compared to the control plots by mid-October (P < 0.05). Specifically, the average number of nymphs per composite leaf dropped from 24.95 to 11.23 in 2021, and from 145.18 to 27.29 in 2022. Similarly, the average number of eggs per composite leaf decreased from 61.18 to 2.29 in 2021, and from 73.56 to 3.64 in 2022. These findings suggest that yellow sticky traps can significantly reduce psyllid populations in pistachio orchards over the long term and can be an effective control method when used early in the vegetative period for low- to medium-sized psyllid populations.

Abstract Introduction: Positive mental health involves a mix of personal and psychosocial resources, as well as attitudes, affections, and positive behaviors that allow the person to face the challenges that arise in life, at a personal, family, social, and school level. Objective: Determine the association between personal factors and positive mental health in high school students during COVID-19. Methodology: Descriptive correlational study. Intentional non-probabilistic sampling. The sample consisted of 210 students of both sexes, ages 15 to 19, enrolled in cycle 2022-1 of the morning shift. Adolescents with visual conditions were excluded. A personal factors study and Positive Mental Health Scale were applied, with prior assent and informed consent. The statistical analysis was descriptive and inferential Results: The students were 64.8% female, 76.1% were under 17 years of age, 53.3% were in the sixth semester, 42% presented COVID-19 and 45% reported losses due to COVID-19. Global positive mental health was low in 50.5% of students. There was a significant positive statistical association in overall positive mental health with sex p=0.01, and a negative one with suffering from a mental illness p=0.01 and having family members who suffered from a mental illness p=0.05. Conclusion: Mental health of young people was not very positive. It needs to be studied to generate nursing interventions for promotion and prevention of school health to result in effective stress management of young people who are in high school when considering the family, society, and the educational field.

Abstrato Introdução: A saúde mental positiva envolve um conjunto de recursos pessoais e psicossociais, atitudes, afetos e comportamentos positivos que permitem à pessoa enfrentar os desafios que surgem na vida, a nível pessoal, familiar, social e escolar. Objetivo: Determinar a associação entre fatores pessoais e saúde mental positiva em estudantes do ensino médio em tempos de COVID-19. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo, preditivo e correlacional. Amostragem não probabilística intencional, amostra 210 estudantes de ambos os sexos, com idades entre 15 e 19 anos, matriculados no ciclo 2022-1 do turno da manhã. Foram excluídos os adolescentes com problemas visuais. Foram aplicados inquérito de fatores pessoais e Escala de Saúde Mental Positiva, com prévio assentimento e consentimento informado. A análise estatística foi descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: Os alunos eram 64,8% do sexo feminino, 76,1% tinham menos de 17 anos, 53,3% estavam no sexto semestre, 42% apresentaram COVID-19 e 45% relataram perdas por COVID-19. A saúde mental positiva global foi baixa em 50,5% dos estudantes. Houve associação estatística positiva significativa na saúde mental geral positiva com sexo p=0,01, e negativa com sofrer de doença mental p=0,01 e ter familiares que sofriam de doença mental p=0,05. Conclusão: A saúde mental positiva dos jovens foi baixa, necessita ser estudada para gerar intervenções de enfermagem na promoção e prevenção da saúde escolar para promover o enfrentamento eficaz do manejo do estresse dos jovens que estão no ensino médio quando se considera a família, a sociedade e o campo educacional.

Resumen Introducción: La salud mental positiva involucra una mezcla de recursos personales y psicosociales, actitudes, afectos y comportamientos positivos que permiten a la persona enfrentar los retos que se le presentan en la vida, a nivel personal, familiar, social y escolar. Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre factores personales y la salud mental positiva en estudiantes de bachillerato en tiempos de COVID-19. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo correlacional. Muestreo intencional no probabilístico, en una muestra de 210 estudiantes de ambos sexos, edades de 15 a 19 años, inscritos en ciclo 2022-1 del turno matutino. Se excluyeron adolescentes con afecciones visuales. Se aplicó encuesta de factores personales y Escala de Salud Mental Positiva, previo asentimiento y consentimiento informado. El análisis estadístico fue descriptivo e inferencial. Resultados: Los estudiantes fueron 64.8 % del sexo femenino, 76.1 % eran menores de 17 años, 53.3 % cursaban sexto semestre, 42 % presentó COVID-19 y 45 % manifestó pérdidas por Covid-19. La salud mental positiva global fue baja en 50.5 % de los estudiantes. Hubo asociación estadística significativa positiva en salud mental positiva global con sexo p=0.01, y negativa con padecer alguna enfermedad mental p=0.01 y contar con familiares que padecían alguna enfermedad mental p=0.05. Conclusión: La salud mental positiva de los jóvenes fue baja, se requiere ser estudiada para generar intervenciones de enfermería en promoción y prevención de la salud escolar para favorecer un afrontamiento efectivo del manejo el estrés de los jóvenes que cursan bachillerato al considerar a la familia, la sociedad y al ámbito educativo.

Abstract Purpose: To adapt and validate in Sonora the scale to measure Attitudes towards Transgender People in University Students (EATU), which measures the inclusion of trans people in Higher Education Institutions (HEIS). Methodological design: Quantitative, cross-sectional and non-experimental study. 860 participants were selected among three HEIS, with non-probabilistic and intentional sampling. A 4-point Likert-type scale survey was applied that evaluates transinclusive attitudes. Reliability was obtained with Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega. For validity, the sample was randomly divided into two; In subsample 1, an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was carried out and in subsample 2, the model resulting from the EFA was tested using a Structural Equation Model (SEM). Results: The EFA yielded a final solution EATU of 32 items grouped into 3 dimensions called sensitivity, coexistence and cisexist stigma, with values that demonstrate validity and reliability. The SEM generated a model with indices of fitness in a final solution of 17 items and 3 correlated dimensions with acceptable coefficients. Research limitations: The measurement of transinclusion attitudes in a society where it has been documented that such construct is barely being developing, and the failure to collect demographic data on the sample about their religious beliefs. Findings: A measurement instrument on transinclusive attitudes for key social actors interested in promoting the inclusion of trans people, their human rights and substantive equality.

Resumen Objetivo: Adaptar y validar en el contexto sonorense la Escala para medir Actitudes hacia las Personas Transgénero en Estudiantes Universitarios (EATU) que mide la inclusión de personas trans en Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES). Diseño metodológico: Es un estudio cuantitativo, transversal y no experimental. De tres IES, participaron 860 personas seleccionadas con muestreo no probabilístico e intencional. Se aplicó una escala tipo Likert de 4 puntos que evalúa actitudes transincluyentes. La fiabilidad se obtuvo con alfa de Cronbach y omega de McDonald. Para la validez la muestra se dividió al azar en dos; en la submuestra 1 se llevó a cabo un Análisis Factorial Exploratorio (AFE) y en la submuestra 2 se probó el modelo resultante del AFE mediante un Modelo de Ecuaciones Estructurales (MEE). Resultados: El AFE arrojó una solución final de la EATU de 32 ítems agrupados en 3 dimensiones denominadas sensibilidad, convivencia y estigma cisexista, con valores de fiabilidad superiores a .90 y de cargas factoriales superiores a .36. El MEE generó un modelo con índices de bondad de ajuste en una solución final de 17 ítems y 3 dimensiones correlacionadas con coeficientes superiores a .46. Limitaciones de la investigación: La medición de actitudes de transinclusión en una sociedad donde se ha documentado que tal constructo está en desarrollo y el no recabar datos demográficos en la muestra sobre sus creencias religiosas. Hallazgos: Un instrumento de medida sobre actitudes transincluyentes para actores sociales clave interesados en la promoción de la inclusión de las personas trans, sus derechos humanos y la igualdad sustantiva.

Abstract Purpose: To identify the challenges faced by nanomedicine in Mexico, according to the opinion of experts in the field. Methodological design: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with Mexican researchers in the field of nanomedicine. The participants were selected through purposive sampling. Interviews were both online and face-to-face. The information was processed with ATLAS.ti software. Results: Challenges were identified in different areas: financing, social benefit, human resources, infrastructure, nanotoxicology, patenting, preclinical and clinical research, academia-industry linkage, regulation, scientific policy and multidisciplinary work. Research limitations: Interviews included researchers only. It would be necessary to interview other agents involved in the nanomedicine chain of value, such as entrepreneurs and health sector managers. Findings: The main challenges facing nanomedical research in Mexico are the following: reduced funding, research with little impact on society, lack of specific educational programs in nanomedicine, low patenting activity, weak links between academia and industry, and lack of regulation. Some proposals to address these challenges are analyzed in this paper.

Resumen Objetivo: Identificar los desafíos que enfrenta la investigación en nanomedicina en México según la opinión de expertos en la materia. Diseño metodológico: Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a investigadores mexicanos del área de nanomedicina. Los entrevistados fueron seleccionados a través de un muestreo intencional. Las entrevistas se llevaron a cabo de manera presencial y a distancia. El procesamiento de la información se realizó con el software ATLAS.ti. Resultados: Se identificaron desafíos en distintos rubros: financiamiento, beneficio social, recursos humanos, infraestructura, nanotoxicología, patentamiento, investigación preclínica y clínica, vinculación academia-industria, regulación, política científica y trabajo multidisciplinario. Limitaciones de la investigación: Las entrevistas se realizaron únicamente a investigadores. Sería necesario entrevistar a otros agentes involucrados en la cadena de valor de la nanomedicina tales como empresarios y funcionarios del sector salud. Hallazgos: Los principales desafíos que enfrenta la investigación nanomédica en México son el financiamiento reducido, investigaciones con poca incidencia en la sociedad, inexistencia de programas educativos específicos en nanomedicina, escaso patentamiento, nula vinculación con empresas y falta de regulación. Algunas propuestas para encarar estos desafíos se analizan en el presente trabajo.

Abstract Introduction. Sustainable practices are important tools for mitigating and adapting to climate change, making it essential to understand the factors influencing rice producers’ decisions to adopt conservation practices in their production system. Objective. To determine the causal relationships between variables that explain the adoption of conservation practices by rice producers. Materials and methods. A study was conducted between July and September 2021 in rice production systems in Costa Rica, involving producers from the Brunca, Chorotega, Huetar, and Central Pacific regions through quota sampling. A survey was administered to a total of 67 rice producers. The research was quantitative, identifying degrees of adoption of conservation practices, performing cluster groupings, and using an ordered probit model was to analyze the factors influencing the intensity of adoption of conservation technologies or practices in these production systems. Results. Greater adoption of conservation practices in rice production systems was influenced by the producer’s level of education, membership or affiliation with organizations in rice sector, and land ownership. Conclusions. The design of strategies for conservation practice in rice cultivation benefits from a better understanding of the relationships between socioeconomic, productive, and environmental variables, which can increase the likelihood that a producer will implement and maintain these conservation practices over time.

Resumen Introducción. Las prácticas sostenibles son importantes como herramientas de mitigación y adaptación al cambio climático, por lo que es oportuno comprender qué factores influencian las decisiones de las personas productoras del cultivo de arroz en adoptar una práctica de conservación en su sistema de producción. Objetivo. Determinar las relaciones causales entre las variables que permiten entender la adopción de prácticas de conservación en el cultivo del arroz por parte de las personas productoras. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio entre julio y septiembre del 2021 en los sistemas productivos de arroz en Costa Rica, con personas productoras de las regiones Brunca, Chorotega, Huetar y Pacífico Central, a través de un muestreo por cuotas. Se aplicó una encuesta a un total de 67 personas productoras de arroz. La investigación realizada fue cuantitativa y se identificaron grados de adopción de prácticas de conservación, se realizaron agrupaciones mediante clústeres y se utilizó un modelo probit ordenado para analizar los factores que influyen en la intensidad de adopción de tecnologías o prácticas de conservación en estos sistemas productivos. Resultados. Una mayor adopción de prácticas de conservación en los sistemas productivos del cultivo de arroz estuvo influenciada por el nivel de escolaridad de la persona productora, la pertenencia o afiliación a organizaciones del sector arrocero y la tenencia de la tierra. Conclusiones. El diseño de estrategias de prácticas de conservación en el cultivo del arroz se beneficia de una mejor comprensión de las relaciones entre las variables socioeconómicas, productivas y del entorno, que permitan aumentar la probabilidad de que una persona productora implemente y mantenga en el tiempo el uso de estas prácticas de conservación.

RESUMEN En el 2024, la mayor parte de la población peruana no cuenta con conductas a favor del cuidado del medioambiente, lo que disminuye la posibilidad de lograr un desarrollo sostenible, el cual se caracteriza principalmente por implementar acciones que contribuyan al uso racional de los recursos naturales y minimizar los efectos de la contaminación, entre otros. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la influencia de la gestión ambiental regional en la conducta ecológica ciudadana en el departamento de Tacna. Se consideró una muestra de 384 ciudadanos, con edades entre 15 y 64 años que residen en el departamento de Tacna, empleando un muestreo no probabilístico estratificado, distribuidos por provincia, de la siguiente manera: Tacna (357), Jorge Basadre (9), Candarave (10) y Tarata (8). Se utilizó la técnica de la encuesta, a través de la aplicación de dos cuestionarios: gestión ambiental regional (16 ítems) y conducta ecológica ciudadana (24 ítems). Los hallazgos de la presente investigación indican que la conducta ecológica de la población se ve impactada por la implementación de actividades que conforman la gestión ambiental impulsada por el Gobierno Regional de Tacna. Además, cada una de las dimensiones (planes y políticas regionales, sistema regional ambiental, política regional ambiental y comisiones ambientales regionales) tiene influencia sobre la variable conducta ecológica ciudadana.

ABSTRACT In 2024, most of the population does not have behaviors in favor of caring for the environment, which reduces the possibility of achieving sustainable development, which is mainly characterized by implementing actions that contribute to the rational use of natural resources and minimize the effects of pollution, among others. The objective of the study was to determine the influence of regional environmental management on citizen ecological behavior in the department of Tacna. A sample of 384 citizens was considered, aged between 15 and 64 years who reside in the department of Tacna, using a stratified non-probabilistic sampling, distributed by province as follows: Tacna (357), Jorge Basadre (9), Candarave (10) and Tarata (8). The survey technique was used, through the application of two questionnaires: regional environmental management (16 items) and ecological citizen behavior (24 items). The findings of this research indicate that the ecological behavior of populationis impacted by the implementation of activities that make up the environmental management promoted by the Regional Government of Tacna, in addition to each of the dimensions (regional plans and policies, regional system environmental, regional environmental policy and regional environmental commissions) have influence on the variable ecological citizen behavior.

Resumen Introducción: la lepra afecta a millones de personas deteriorando la salud física y mental, generando complicaciones como síntomas depresivos que pueden afectar la calidad de vida. Objetivo: estimar la prevalencia de síntomas depresivos en una agremiación de pacientes y expacientes con enfermedad de Hansen de una ciudad del Caribe colombiano. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo con muestreo no probabilístico en miembros de una agremiación de pacientes y ex-pacientes con enfermedad de Hansen de una ciudad del Caribe colombiano. Los síntomas depresivos fueron estimados mediante test de Beck I y los resultados se contrastaron con variables sociodemográficas y clínicas mediante análisis bivariado. Resultados: participaron 51 personas, con una edad promedio de 52 años (IC 35,7-68,5), y predominio del sexo masculino (57%). El 39% de la población cursó bachillerato, el 25% se encontraban en tratamiento al momento de la encuesta y el 33% presentaban algún grado de discapacidad. El 27%, 16% y 2% de la población presentó depresión leve, moderada y severa respectivamente. El síntoma depresivo más frecuentemente descrito fue la fatiga (13%) seguido de cambios en el apetito (84,2%), llanto (81,6%), y tristeza (79%). No se encontró relación estadísticamente significativa entre presencia de síntomas depresivos y características sociodemográficas, el tratamiento y la discapacidad. Conclusiones: el 35% de los encuestados con el test de Beck I obtuvo calificaciones compatibles con depresión, se recomienda incluir manejo especializado en salud mental dentro del abordaje integral del paciente y expaciente con enfermedad de Hansen.

ABSTACT Introduction: Leprosy affects millions of people, impairing both physical and mental health and giving rise to complications such as depressive symptoms that can impact the quality of life. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of depressive symptoms in an association of patients and former patients with Hansen's disease in a city in the Colombian Caribbean. Materials and methods: A descriptive study with non-probabilistic sampling was conducted among members of an association of patients and former patients with Hansen's disease in a city in the Colombian Caribbean. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory, and the results were compared with sociodemographic and clinical variables through bivariate analysis. Results: Fifty-one individuals participated, with an average age of 52 years (CI 35.7-68.5), and a male predominance (57%). Thirty-nine percent of the population had completed high school, 25% were undergoing treatment at the time of the survey, and 33% had some degree of disability. Twenty-seven percent, 16%, and 2% of the population exhibited mild, moderate, and severe depression, respectively. The most frequently reported depressive symptom was fatigue (13%), followed by changes in appetite (84.2%), crying (81.6%), and sadness (79%). No statistically significant relationship was found between the presence of depressive symptoms and sociodemographic characteristics, treatment, or disability. Conclusions: It is evident that 35% of respondents scored in the range indicative of depression on the Beck Depression Inventory. Specialized mental health management is recommended to be included in the comprehensive care of patients and former patients with Hansen's disease.

Abstract Maladaptive behaviors in children constitute a problem that affects their overall development. Various studies have explored the role of parenting styles as a factor associated with these behaviors. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between parenting styles and maladaptive behaviors in a sample of 100 students aged 8 to 11 from the city of Ambato, Ecuador. A non-experimental, correlational, cross-sectional design was used. Participants were selected through stratified probability sampling from a school in the city. The Behavior Assessment System for Children and Adolescents (BASC-3) was administered to measure maladaptive behaviors, and the Abbreviated Parenting Styles Perception Questionnaire (CRPBI) was used to assess perceived parenting styles. The results indicate that 48% of the sample exhibited some behavior problems according to the BASC-3, primarily of an externalizing nature. Correlational analysis revealed that the parenting style of affection is negatively associated with behavior problems, while psychological control and rejection are positively related. The parenting style that best predicts the presence of behavior problems is parental rejection according to the regression analysis conducted. In conclusion, parenting styles characterized by low levels of affection and high levels of psychological control and rejection are associated with a greater presence of maladaptive behaviors in children. It is recommended to implement parent guidance programs to promote positive parenting styles and prevent behavior problems from an early age.

Resumen Las conductas desadaptativas en los niños constituyen un problema que afecta su desarrollo integral. Diversos estudios han explorado el rol de los estilos parentales de crianza como factor asociado a estas conductas. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la relación entre los estilos parentales y las conductas desadaptativas en una muestra de 100 estudiantes de 8 a 11 años de la ciudad de Ambato, Ecuador. Se utilizó un diseño no experimental, correlacional y de corte transversal. Los participantes fueron seleccionados mediante un muestreo probabilístico estratificado de una escuela de la ciudad. Se administró el Sistema de Evaluación de la Conducta de Niños y Adolescentes (BASC-3) para medir las conductas desadaptativas y el Cuestionario de Percepción de Estilos de Crianza Abreviado (CRPBI) para evaluar los estilos parentales percibidos. Los resultados indican que la muestra presentó algún problema de comportamiento según el BASC-3, principalmente de tipo externalizante. El análisis correlacional evidenció que el estilo parental de afecto se asocia negativamente con los problemas de conducta, mientras que el control psicológico y el rechazo se relacionan positivamente. El estilo de crianza que mejor predice la presencia de problemas de conducta es el de rechazo parental según el análisis de regresión efectuado. En conclusión, los estilos parentales caracterizados por niveles bajos de afecto y altos de control psicológico y rechazo se asocian a mayor presencia de conductas desadaptativas en los niños. Se recomienda implementar programas de orientación a padres para promover estilos de crianza positivos y prevenir problemas de comportamiento desde edades tempranas.