RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar a utilização e identificar as vantagens dos métodos moleculares para diagnóstico de infecções congênitas no líquido cefalorraquidiano de neonatos. Fontes de dados: A revisão foi registrada na base PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews) sob CRD42021274210. A busca bibliográfica foi realizada nas bases de dados PubMed, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde/ Centro Latino-Americano e do Caribe de Informação em Ciências da Saúde (BVS/BIREME), Scopus, Web of Science, Excerpta Medica database (EMBASE), Cochrane, ProQuest, e EBSCOhost. A busca foi feita no período de agosto a outubro de 2021 e atualizada em dezembro de 2022, respeitando as orientações do Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews e Meta-Analyises (PRISMA). A sequência da seleção dos estudos foi: 1) Remoção de duplicatas; 2) Exame de títulos e resumos; 3) Recuperação dos textos completos potencialmente relevantes; e 4) Avaliação do texto completo conforme critérios de elegibilidade por dois autores independentes. O critério de inclusão considerou ensaios clínicos randomizados e não randomizados, estudos longitudinais, transversais, revisados por pares, estudos em humanos, publicados em inglês, espanhol, italiano e português, com recém-nascidos de até 28 dias que sofreram neuroinfecções congênitas pelos agentes toxoplasmose, rubéola, citomegalovírus, herpes simples (TORCH), e outros como Treponema pallidum, Zika, parvovírus B-19, varicela zoster, Epstein-Barr, e SARS-CoV-2, diagnosticadas por reação em cadeia de polimerase (PCR). Dois avaliadores extraíram as seguintes informações: autor, ano de publicação, nacionalidade, sujeitos, tipo de estudo, métodos, resultados e conclusão. Síntese dos dados: O patógeno mais estudado foi Herpes Simples. Muitos artigos relataram somente sintomas iniciais inespecíficos, motivando a coleta de líquido cefalorraquidiano e realização da PCR para investigação etiológica. Conclusões: Os métodos moleculares são eficazes para detectar o genoma do patógeno no líquido cefalorraquidiano, o que pode impactar na evolução clínica e no prognóstico neurológico. Objetivo neonatos International CRD42021274210 CRD PubMed LatinoAmericano Latino Americano BVS/BIREME, BVSBIREME BVS/BIREME , BVS BIREME (BVS/BIREME) Scopus Science EMBASE, EMBASE (EMBASE) Cochrane ProQuest EBSCOhost 202 2022 MetaAnalyises Meta Analyises PRISMA. PRISMA . (PRISMA) 1 duplicatas 2 resumos 3 relevantes 4 independentes longitudinais transversais pares humanos inglês espanhol português recémnascidos recém nascidos toxoplasmose rubéola citomegalovírus TORCH, TORCH (TORCH) pallidum Zika B19, B19 B 19, 19 B-19 zoster EpsteinBarr, EpsteinBarr Epstein Barr, Barr Epstein-Barr SARSCoV2, SARSCoV2 SARSCoV SARS CoV 2, SARS-CoV-2 PCR. (PCR) informações autor publicação nacionalidade sujeitos estudo conclusão Simples inespecíficos etiológica Conclusões neurológico CRD4202127421 (BVS/BIREME (EMBASE 20 (PRISMA (TORCH B1 B-1 SARS-CoV- (PCR CRD420212742 B- SARS-CoV CRD42021274 CRD4202127 CRD420212 CRD42021 CRD4202 CRD420 CRD42 CRD4

ABSTRACT Objective: To verify the use and identify advantages of molecular methods for congenital infections diagnosis in cerebrospinal fluid of neonates. Data source: The review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), under CRD42021274210. The literature search was performed in databases: PubMed, Virtual Health Library/ Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information (VHL/BIREME), Scopus, Web of Science, Excerpta Medica database (EMBASE), Cochrane, ProQuest, and EBSCOhost. The search was carried out from August to October 2021 and updated in December 2022, respecting the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The selection sequence was: 1) Duplicate title removal; 2) Examination of titles and abstracts; 3) Full-text retrieval of potentially relevant reports; and 4) Evaluation of the full text according to eligibility criteria by two independent authors. Inclusion criteria considered randomized and non-randomized control trials, longitudinal, cross-sectional, and peer-reviewed studies in humans, published in English, Spanish, Italian, and Portuguese, with newborns up to 28 days old who had congenital neuroinfections by toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex (TORCH), and others such as Treponema pallidum, Zika, parvovirus B-19, varicella zoster, Epstein-Barr, and SARS-CoV2, diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Two evaluators extracted the following information: author, year of publication, nationality, subjects, study type, methods, results, and conclusion. Data synthesis: The most studied pathogen was herpes simplex. Several articles reported only nonspecific initial symptoms, motivating the collection of cerebrospinal fluid and performing PCR for etiological investigation. Conclusions: Molecular methods are effective to detect pathogen genomes in cerebrospinal fluid, which can impact clinical evolution and neurological prognosis. Objective neonates source PROSPERO, PROSPERO , (PROSPERO) CRD42021274210 CRD databases PubMed Library VHL/BIREME, VHLBIREME VHL/BIREME VHL BIREME (VHL/BIREME) Scopus Science EMBASE, EMBASE (EMBASE) Cochrane ProQuest EBSCOhost 202 2022 MetaAnalyses Meta Analyses PRISMA (PRISMA guidelines 1 removal 2 abstracts 3 Fulltext Full reports 4 authors nonrandomized non trials longitudinal crosssectional, crosssectional cross sectional, sectional cross-sectional peerreviewed peer reviewed humans English Spanish Italian Portuguese toxoplasmosis rubella cytomegalovirus TORCH, TORCH (TORCH) pallidum Zika B19, B19 B 19, 19 B-19 zoster EpsteinBarr, EpsteinBarr Epstein Barr, Barr Epstein-Barr SARSCoV2, SARSCoV2 SARSCoV SARS CoV2, CoV2 CoV SARS-CoV2 PCR. . (PCR) information author publication nationality subjects type results conclusion synthesis symptoms investigation Conclusions prognosis (PROSPERO CRD4202127421 (VHL/BIREME (EMBASE 20 (TORCH B1 B-1 SARS-CoV (PCR CRD420212742 B- CRD42021274 CRD4202127 CRD420212 CRD42021 CRD4202 CRD420 CRD42 CRD4

Abstract As a result of the SARS-CoV2 pandemic, the incorporation of new technologies for face-to-face and distance learning was even more necessary. Technology represents a way to offer cutting-edge education responding to the needs of the current context. The main objective of this investigation, as a case study, is to analyzes the acquisition of learning by students of different courses at the Universidad Iberoamericana Torreón, México in relation to face-to-face and distance education after the health crisis. The research had a quantitative approach with correlational scope. The sampling was probabilistic by conglomerates and was made up of fifth semester students from 15 courses of the university. The results show that after the pandemic, in particularly context, in the face-to-face modality, the students perceive a better planning by the teachers, which has a consequence a better use of time and the possibility of carrying out diverse activities to strengthen the understanding topics; using digital tools and group work techniques as support. On the other hand, distance classes are described as not very useful and interesting with an excessive academic load. Although the face-to-face learning experience continues to be better evaluated, it is considered important to implement strategies to increase the academic quality of distance classes, as it is a modality that will be used in all universities in the near future, using new technologies and instructional design as support, as well as training programs for teachers and students.

Resumen Como resultado de la pandemia por SARS-CoV2, la incorporación de nuevas tecnologías para la impartición de clases en modalidad presencial y a distancia se hizo aún más necesaria. La tecnología representa una manera de ofrecer educación de vanguardia respondiendo a necesidades del contexto actual. El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar, a través de un estudio de caso, la adquisición de aprendizajes por parte de estudiantes de diferentes licenciaturas de la Universidad Iberoamericana Torreón, en relación con la educación presencial y a distancia después de la crisis sanitaria. La investigación tuvo un enfoque cuantitativo con alcance correlacional. El muestreo se planteó probabilístico por conglomerados y estuvo conformado por estudiantes de quinto semestre en delante de 15 licenciaturas. Los resultados muestran que después de la pandemia, en el contexto particular, la modalidad presencial es percibida por el estudiantado como mejor en la planeación por parte de los docentes, lo que tiene como consecuencia un mejor aprovechamiento del tiempo y la posibilidad de realizar actividades diversas para fortalecer la comprensión de las temáticas; utilizando como apoyo herramientas digitales y técnicas de trabajo grupal. Por el contrario, las clases a distancia son descritas como poco útiles e interesantes y con una carga académica excesiva. Aunque la experiencia de aprendizaje presencial sigue siendo mejor ponderada, se considera importante implementar estrategias que incrementen la calidad académica en las clases a distancia, al ser una modalidad que será utilizada en todas las universidades en un futuro cercano, utilizando como apoyo las nuevas tecnologías y un diseño instruccional adecuado, así como programas de capacitación a docentes y alumnos.

RESUMEN Introducción: La pandemia causada por la infección con el SARS-CoV2 está relacionada con manifestaciones clínicas bucales variables, que pueden incluir desde síntomas leves o casi inexistentes hasta complicaciones fatales. Objetivo: Describir las manifestaciones clínicas bucales en pacientes con test rápido positivo por covid-19. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal de 54 pacientes con test rápido positivo por covid-19, que presentaron manifestaciones clínicas bucales, atendidos en el Servicio Emergente de Enfermedades Respiratorias del Policlínico Docente José Martí de Santiago de Cuba desde enero hasta agosto del 2021. Como variables analizadas figuraron la presencia o ausencia de síntomas, el tipo, la localización y el momento de aparición. Se utilizaron las frecuencias absolutas y relativas como medidas de resumen. Resultados: En la serie predominaron los pacientes sintomáticos (75,9 %); en tanto, el eritema difuso resultó ser la lesión más frecuente (14,8 %) y la xerostomía fue la única manifestación entre los asintomáticos. Cabe destacar que la mayoría de las manifestaciones clínicas bucales estaban presentes antes de la aparición de los síntomas generales (63,4 %). Conclusiones: En los pacientes con test rápido positivo por covid-19 se confirmó la presencia de manifestaciones clínicas bucales

ABSTRACT Introduction: The pandemic caused by the infection with SARS-CoV2 is related to variable buccal clinical manifestations that can include from light or almost nonexistent symptoms until fatal complications. Objective: To describe the buccal clinical manifestations in patients with positive quick test due to covid-19. Methods: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study of 54 patients with positive quick test due to covid-19 that presented buccal clinical manifestations was carried out. They were assisted in the Emergency Service of Respiratory Diseases of José Martí Teaching Polyclinic in Santiago de Cuba from January to August, 2021. The analyzed variables were the presence or absence of symptoms, type, localization and onset moment. The absolute and relative frequencies were used as summary measures. Results: In the series the symptomatic patients prevailed (75.9 %); as long as, the diffuse erythema was the most frequent lesion (14.8 %) and xerostomia was the only manifestation among the asymptomatic patients. It is necessary to highlight that most of the buccal clinical manifestations were present before the onset of general symptoms (63.4 %). Conclusions: In patients with positive quick test due to covid-19 the presence of buccal clinical manifestations was confirmed.

Abstract Objective: The SARS-CoV-2 virus pandemic affected people deprived of liberty in Colombia, a vulnerable group due to unfavorable prison conditions and deficient protection measures. The objective of the study was to analyze the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on cognitive function and subjective perception of executive functions in this group. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 47 men deprived of liberty between 18 and 55 years of age, in the department of Valle del Cauca, Colombia. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment Test (MoCA) and the BANFE-2 Battery were used. The participants provided informed consent and affirmed having tested positive in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. Results: It was determined that, 97.9% of individuals deprived of liberty had a positive PCR test, and 76.6% exhibited normal cognitive function in the MoCA Test. The subjective perception of executive functioning was recorded with normal parameters, at 68.1% according to the BANFE-2. A negative correlation was found between the MoCA Test (orientation subtest) and reported categories of SARS-CoV-2 virus symptoms. In addition, the abstraction MoCA variable showed an inverse relationship of (−3.19). Conclusions: The study demonstrated a negative correlation between cognitive impairment and SARS-CoV-2 symptoms in people deprived of liberty. Most of the participants presented normal cognitive and executive functioning, indicating a proportional inverse relationship between the variables evaluated.

Resumen Objetivo: La pandemia del virus SARS-CoV2 afectó a las personas privadas de la libertad en Colombia, un grupo vulnerable debido a las condiciones desfavorables en las cárceles y las deficientes medidas de protección. Analizar el efecto del SARS-CoV-2 en la función cognitiva y percepción subjetiva de las funciones ejecutivas en este grupo. Métodos: Se realiza un estudio transversal en 47 hombres privados de libertad de 18 a 55 años, en el departamento del Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Se utilizando el Test Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) y la Batería Banfe-2, los participantes suministran su consentimiento informado y afirman haber dado positivo en la prueba de PCR. Resultados: Se determina que el 97.9% de las personas privadas de la libertad tienen la prueba PCR positiva y un funcionamiento cognitivo normal del 76.6% en el test de MoCA. La percepción subjetiva del funcionamiento ejecutivo fue normal en un 68.1% según la BANFE-2. Se encontró una correlación negativa entre el Test de MoCA (subprueba de orientación) y las categorías de síntomas notificados del virus SARS-CoV2. Además, la variable MoCA de abstracción mostró una relación inversa de (−3.19). Conclusiones: El estudio demuestra una correlación negativa entre el deterioro cognitivo y los síntomas del SARS-CoV2 en personas privadas de la libertad. La mayoría de los participantes presentan un funcionamiento cognitivo y ejecutivo normal, indicando una relación inversa proporcional entre las variables evaluadas.

RESUMEN Introducción: Como ocurrió en todos los hospitales, los profesionales del Hospital de Clínicas sufrieron elevada presión física y psicológica. Estudios previos, sobre todo realizados en China, ya sugerían que los profesionales sanitarios eran especialmente vulnerables al malestar psicológico derivado de la pandemia. Objetivos: Determinar el nivel de ansiedad y miedo al COVID 19 en los médicos del área de Contingencia respiratoria del Hospital de Clínicas. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transverso, de muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia, en individuos de ambos sexos, mayores de 18 años, en médicos del área de Contingencia respiratoria del Hospital de Clínicas de San Lorenzo durante la pandemia por el SARS-COV2. Resultados: Fueron encuestados 68 médicos, de los cuales el 63% fueron del sexo femenino, la edad promedio de los participantes fue de 31 años (±4,48). La mayoría de los encuestados fueron residentes. El 75% pertenecen a la especialidad de Medicina Interna. El 30.8% cuenta con 4 dosis de vacuna contra el SARSCOV 2. Presentaron síntomas de miedo al COVID-19 el 44,1%, de los cuales, los síntomas más frecuentes fueron: miedo a infectarse con el COVID-19 48,5%; incomodidad al pensar en el COVID19 39,7%; perder la vida a causa del COVID-19 el 30,8%. El 66,1% tiene criterios de Trastorno de Ansiedad Generalizada, de los cuales la mayoría sufre de Ansiedad Leve. Conclusión: Se observa una alta prevalencia de síntomas de Ansiedad y Miedo al COVID-19 en médicos de la Contingencia Respiratoria del Hospital de Clínicas.

ABSTRACT Introduction: As happened in all hospitals, the professionals at the Hospital de Clínicas suffered high physical and psychological pressure. Previous studies, especially carried out in China, already suggested that health professionals were especially vulnerable to psychological distress derived from the pandemic. Objectives: Determine the level of anxiety and fear of COVID 19 in doctors of the Respiratory Contingency area of the Hospital de Clínicas. Materials and methods: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, non-probabilistic convenience sampling study was carried out in individuals of both sexes, over 18 years of age, in doctors from the Respiratory Contingency area of the Hospital de Clínicas de San Lorenzo during the SARS-COV2 pandemic. Results: 68 doctors were surveyed, of which 63% were female; the average age of the participants was 31 years (±4.48). The majority of respondents were residents. 75% belong to the specialty of Internal Medicine. 30.8% have 4 doses of vaccine against SARSCOV 2. 44.1% presented symptoms of fear of COVID-19, of which the most frequent symptoms were: fear of becoming infected with COVID-19 48. 5%; discomfort when thinking about COVID19 39.7%; 30.8% lose their lives due to COVID-19. 66.1% have criteria for Generalized Anxiety Disorder, of which the majority suffer from Mild Anxiety. Conclusion: A high prevalence of symptoms of Anxiety and Fear of COVID-19 is observed in Respiratory Contingency doctors at the Hospital de Clínicas.

Resumo Introdução: A reorganização dos cuidados de saúde imposta pela pandemia COVID-19 relevou a capacidade de trabalho de todos os profissionais de saúde, espelhando o papel basilar da Medicina Interna. Este trabalho pretende evidenciar a complexidade da gestão do doente COVID-19, pautada muitas vezes pela ausência de suporte teórico/científico face ao desconhecido. Métodos: Avaliação retrospetiva e descritiva de todos os doentes com infeção SARS-CoV-2 internados numa enfermaria do serviço de Medicina Interna, da Unidade Local de Saúde de Viseu Dão-Lafões (ULS Viseu Dão-Lafões), no período compreendido entre janeiro-abril e julho-novembro de 2021 (picos pandémicos de 2021). Resultados: Durante os 9 meses em estudo, foram avaliados 394 doentes, com predomínio do género masculino 56,60% (n = 223) e uma idade média de 70,42 anos. O tempo médio de internamento foi de 13,95 dias. A maioria apresentava pelo menos um fator de risco cardiovascular e apenas 29,44% (n = 116) eram vacinados contra a COVID-19. Quanto à terapêutica, 84,26% (n = 332) realizaram dexametasona e 85,79% (n = 338) necessitaram de oxigenoterapia suplementar; cerca de 22,08% (n = 87) necessitaram de ventilação mecânica não invasiva e 7,61% (n = 30) de ventilação mecânica invasiva. Registaram-se 23,86% (n = 94) óbitos. A infeção SARS-CoV-2 foi o diagnóstico principal na maioria dos doentes, mas muitos foram os diagnósticos secundários. Conclusão: A gravidade e complexidade de uma entidade nosológica totalmente desconhecida num contexto pandémico é de uma enorme exigência profissional e pessoal, como representado através da caracterização desta amostra. Salienta-se o espetro de doentes graves e com necessidade de suporte ventilatório mecânico, numa curva de admissões que se revelou exponencial.

Abstract Introduction: The reorganization of health care imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic revealed the work capacity of all health professionals, mirroring the fundamental role of In-ternal Medicine. This work intended to highlight the complexity of managing the COVID-19 patient, often guided by the absence of theoretical/scientific support in the face of the unknown. Methods: A retrospective and descriptive evaluation of all patients with SARS-COV2 infection admitted to a ward of the Internal Medicine service, Unidade Local de Saúde de Viseu Dão-Lafões (ULS Viseu Dão-Lafões), in the period between January-April and July-November 2021 (pandemic peaks of 2021). Results: During the nine months under study, 394 patients were evaluated, with a predominance of males 56.60% (n = 223) and an average age of 70.42 years. The average length of stay was 13.95 days. Most had at least one cardiovascular risk factor, and only 29.44% (n = 116) were vaccinated against COVID-19. Of the therapy, 84.26% (n=332) received dexamethasone, 85.79% (n =3 38) needed supplemental oxygen therapy; approximately 22.08% (n = 87) required non-invasive mechanical ventilation, and 7.61% (n = 30) underwent invasive mechanical ventilation/high-flow oxygen therapy. There were 23.86% (N = 94) dea-ths. COVID-19 infection was the primary diagnosis in most patients, but many were secondary diagnoses. Conclusion: The severity and complexity of an unknown nosological disease, in the pandemic phase, is of enormous professional and personal demand, as represented by the characterization of this sample. The spectrum of critically ill patients in need of mechanical ventilatory support stands out, in an admissions curve that turned out to be exponential.

BACKGROUND. Future pandemic planning involves analysing past experiences. We compared intensive care unit (ICU) admissions during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic (2020) with the preceding year. OBJECTIVES. To assess the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic's effect on ICU admissions in a tertiary hospital, examining differences in patient characteristics, organ support requirements, reason for admission, mortality rates and length of ICU stay. METHODS. This retrospective cohort study compared ICU patient data at a tertiary hospital during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic (26 March 2020 to 20 September 2020) with the same period in 2019. RESULTS. Patient admissions (p=0.39) and severity of illness (p=0.27 adults; p=0.92 paediatrics) showed no differences across the study period. Similarly, no differences were observed for underlying chronic conditions between the two years. Adult trauma admissions significantly declined, specifically those related to road traffic accidents (RR 0.63). Admissions for acute infectious conditions, including respiratory infections, sepsis, urosepsis, septic arthritis and gastroenteritis significantly declined in both adults (RR 0.50) and paediatric admissions (RR 0.25). During the lockdown period, the length of stay (LOS) decreased for adults, but mortality rates remained unchanged across the study period. The paediatric mortality rate decreased during the lockdown period (p=0.004). CONCLUSION. There was no reduction in SARS-CoV-2-negative ICU admissions during the 2020 lockdown period compared with the preceding year, likely due to chronic resource limitations. We found a decrease in acute trauma and acute infectious illness admissions, while acute surgical emergency admissions increased. These findings suggest that lockdown orders may have affected admission patterns, aiding in future pandemic planning.

In light of the need for social isolation caused by the pandemic, in-person classes were suspended, making way for emergency remote teaching (ERT). This abrupt transition allowed for no planning or preparation for the individuals involved in the teaching-learning process. In this context, it fell upon the educators to adapt to this new, atypical reality. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics and challenges faced by teachers at IF Sudeste MG - Campus Rio Pomba during ERT and its impacts on the teaching-learning process. To achieve this, a structured questionnaire with the participation of 41 educators was used. Difficulties related to pedagogical training, use of technological tools and active teaching methodologies (ATM), and the adaptive process of educators were highlighted. Educators did not consider ERT capable of efficiently fulfilling the objectives of the disciplines, although they acknowledged the necessary institutional support. The self-assessment of teaching performance during ERT was predominantly positive. Prior to ERT, the use of ATM was lower, especially among educators above 40 years old and males; furthermore, difficulties in using ATM increased with age, with more males reporting not using them. The adaptation to ERT was considered moderate, and more educators aged 40 to 49 reported dissatisfaction with the work environment. Educators above 40 years old and females had a higher incidence of negative psychological symptoms during ERT. This study highlights the challenges educators faced during ERT, especially those over 40 years old and females.

Ante la necesidad de aislamiento social causada por la pandemia, las clases presenciales fueron suspendidas dando paso a la enseñanza remota de emergencia (ERE). Esta transición abrupta no permitió ningún tipo de planificación o preparación para los actores involucrados en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. En este contexto, a los docentes les correspondió el desafío de adaptarse a esta nueva realidad atípica. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir las características y desafíos enfrentados por los profesores del IF Sudeste MG - Campus Rio Pomba durante la ERE y sus impactos en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Se aplicó un cuestionario estructurado con la participación de 41 docentes. Se evidenciaron dificultades relacionadas con la formación pedagógica, el uso de herramientas tecnológicas y de metodologías activas de enseñanza (MAE). Los docentes no consideraron que la ERE fuera capaz de cumplir eficientemente con los objetivos de las disciplinas, a pesar de reconocer el apoyo institucional necesario. La autoevaluación del desempeño docente durante la ERE fue predominantemente positiva. Antes de la ERE, el uso de MAE era menor, especialmente entre los docentes mayores de 40 años y los hombres; además, las dificultades en el uso de MAE aumentaron con la edad, siendo que más hombres informaron no utilizarlas. La adaptación a la ERE fue considerada moderada, y más docentes de 40 a 49 años informaron insatisfacción con el ambiente de trabajo. Los docentes mayores de 40 años y las mujeres tuvieron una incidencia de síntomas psicológicos negativos durante la ERE y enfrentaron mayores desafíos.

Diante da necessidade do isolamento social causada pela pandemia, as aulas presenciais foram suspensas dando lugar ao ensino remoto emergencial (ERE). Essa migração abrupta não permitiu nenhum planejamento ou preparação dos atores envolvidos no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Nesse contexto, coube ao docente o desafio de adaptar-se a essa nova realidade atípica. Dessa forma, objetivou-se com o presente estudo, descrever as características e desafios enfrentados pelos professores do IF Sudeste MG - Campus Rio Pomba durante o ERE e seus impactos no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Para isso, foi utilizado um questionário estruturado com participação de 41 docentes. Dificuldades relacionadas a formação pedagógica, uso de ferramentas tecnológicas e de metodologias ativas de ensino (MAE) e processo adaptativo dos docentes foram evidenciadas. Docentes não consideraram o ERE capaz de suprir eficientemente os objetivos das disciplinas, apesar de considerarem que houve apoio institucional necessário. A autoavaliação do desempenho docente durante o ERE foi predominantemente positiva. Antes do ERE, o uso de MAE era menor, especialmente entre os docentes acima de 40 anos e homens, além disso, as dificuldades do uso de MAE aumentaram com a idade, sendo que mais homens relataram não as utilizar. A adaptação ao ERE foi considerada mediana e, mais docentes de 40 a 49 anos relataram insatisfação com o ambiente de trabalho. Docentes acima de 40 anos e mulheres tiveram maior incidência de sintomas psicológicos negativos no ERE. Esse trabalho evidencia o desafio que os docentes passaram durante o ERE, especialmente para aqueles maiores de 40 anos e mulheres.

Resumen Introducción : A pesar de la eficacia de la vacuna contra el COVID-19 el 5% de los pacientes vacunados presentaran una enfermedad moderada o grave. El ob jetivo del presente estudio fue comparar los días entre el inicio de los síntomas y la gravedad máxima de la enfermedad, en pacientes con COVID-19 vacunados vs. no vacunados. Métodos : Estudio observacional retrospectivo en 36 hospitales de Argentina. Se incluyeron adultos con CO VID-19 hospitalizados entre el 1/01/2021 y 31/5/2022. Se recolectaron datos demográficos, comorbilidades y progresión clínica de la enfermedad. Se compararon los días entre el inicio de los síntomas y el pico de gravedad entre vacunados y no vacunados mediante regresión de Cox, ajustada por emparejamiento por Propensity Score Matching (PSM). En un análisis de subgrupos, se compararon los resultados en pacientes con una y dos dosis de vacuna. Resultados : Se incluyeron 3663 pacientes (3001 [81.9%] no vacunados y 662 [18%] vacunados). El tiempo transcurrido desde el inicio de los síntomas hasta el pico de gravedad fue de 7 días (IQR 4 - 12) en no vacunados, y de 7 días (IQR 4-11) en vacunados. Tanto en el análisis de regresión de Cox crudo como en el ajustado, no se observaron diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos (HR ajustado 1.08 [IC 95% 0.82-1.4; p = 0.56]). En cuanto a la mortalidad, el Riesgo Relativo (RR) fue 1.51 (IC95% 1.29-1.77) en los pacientes vacunados, pero en la cohorte ajustada por Propensity Score, el RR fue de 0.73 (IC95% 0.60-0.88). El RR en el grupo con una dosis de vacuna COVID-19 en el análisis PSM fue 0.7 (IC95% 0.45-1.03), y con dos dosis 0.6 (IC95% 0.46-0.79). Discusión : El tiempo entre el inicio de los síntomas de COVID-19 y el pico de severidad fue igual en vacu nados y no vacunados. Sin embargo, los pacientes va cunados hospitalizados presentaron menor mortalidad tras el ajuste por confundidores.

Abstract Introduction : The COVID-19 vaccine became an effec tive instrument to prevent severe SARS-CoV-2 infections. However, 5% of vaccinated patients will have moderate or severe disease. Objective: to compare mortality and days between the symptom onset to the peak disease severity, in vaccinated vs. unvaccinated COVID-19 hos pitalized patients. Methods : Retrospective observational study in 36 hospitals in Argentina. COVID-19 adults admitted to general wards between January 1, 2021, and May 31, 2022 were included. Days between symptoms onset to peak of severity were compared between vaccinated vs. unvaccinated patients with Cox regression, adjusted by Propensity Score Matching (PSM). Results in patients with one and two doses were also compared. Results : A total of 3663 patients were included (3001 [81.9%] unvaccinated and 662 [18%] vaccinated). Time from symptom onset to peak severity was 7 days (IQR 4-12) vs. 7 days (IQR 4-11) in unvaccinated and vacci nated. In crude Cox regression analysis and matched population, no significant differences were observed. Regarding mortality, a Risk Ratio (RR) of 1.51 (IC95% 1.29-1.77) was observed in vaccinated patients, but in the PSM cohort, the RR was 0.73 (IC95% 0.60-0.88). RR in patients with one COVID-19 vaccine dose in PSM adjusted population was 0.7 (IC95% 0.45-1.03), and with two doses 0.6 (IC95% 0.46-0.79). Discussion : The time elapsed between the onset of COVID-19 symptoms to the highest severity was simi lar in vaccinated and unvaccinated patients. However, hospitalized vaccinated patients had a lower risk of mortality than unvaccinated patients.

Abstract This study aimed to analyze how scientific publications described and interpreted findings about the relationship between the Black population and events linked to COVID-19 in 2020. Narrative review with systematic search, in which a survey was conducted on articles published in 2020 in the Scopus, Medline/PubMed, and Web of Science databases. Initially, 665 articles were found, and after reading and applying the eligible criteria, the final number of 45 articles was reached. Epidemiological, observational studies, secondary data and developed in the United States predominated. Four groupings and respective findings emerged from the synthesis of information extracted: Main events in the Black population - high number of deaths and mortality rate; Direct relationships - poor health, housing, and work conditions; Intermediate relationships - low income and anti-Black prejudice; Comprehensive relationships - structural racism and social determinants of health. The identification of racial health disparities is an important finding about the dynamics of the pandemic among the Black population. However, multicausal explanations were limited. It is necessary to mobilize critical theoretical resources from ethnic and health studies to qualify research in order to support global actions to combat the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in this group.

Resumo Objetiva-se analisar como as publicações científicas descreveram e interpretaram os achados sobre a relação entre a população negra e eventos ligados à COVID-19 em 2020. Revisão narrativa com busca sistemática, na qual realizou-se um levantamento de artigos publicados em 2020 nas bases Scopus, MedLine/PubMed e Web of Science. Inicialmente foram encontrados 665 artigos, após a leitura e aplicação dos critérios elegíveis, chegou-se ao número final de 45 artigos. Predominaram estudos epidemiológicos, observacionais, dados secundários e desenvolvidos nos Estados Unidos. Da síntese das informações extraídas emergiram quatro agrupamentos e respectivos achados: principais eventos na população negra - alto número de óbitos e elevada taxa mortalidade; relações diretas - más condições de saúde, moradia e trabalho; relações intermediárias - baixa renda e preconceito antinegro; relações abrangentes - racismo estrutural e determinantes sociais da saúde. A identificação das disparidades raciais em saúde é uma importante constatação sobre a dinâmica da pandemia entre a população negra, porém as explicações multicausais mostraram-se limitadas. É necessário mobilizar recursos teóricos críticos dos estudos de raça e saúde para qualificar pesquisas, visando oferecer suporte em ações globais no enfrentamento da epidemia por SARS-COV2 neste grupo.

Abstract This study aimed to analyze how scientific publications described and interpreted findings about the relationship between the Black population and events linked to COVID-19 in 2020. Narrative review with systematic search, in which a survey was conducted on articles published in 2020 in the Scopus, Medline/PubMed, and Web of Science databases. Initially, 665 articles were found, and after reading and applying the eligible criteria, the final number of 45 articles was reached. Epidemiological, observational studies, secondary data and developed in the United States predominated. Four groupings and respective findings emerged from the synthesis of information extracted: Main events in the Black population - high number of deaths and mortality rate; Direct relationships - poor health, housing, and work conditions; Intermediate relationships - low income and anti-Black prejudice; Comprehensive relationships - structural racism and social determinants of health. The identification of racial health disparities is an important finding about the dynamics of the pandemic among the Black population. However, multicausal explanations were limited. It is necessary to mobilize critical theoretical resources from ethnic and health studies to qualify research in order to support global actions to combat the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in this group. COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 search 202 Scopus MedlinePubMed Medline PubMed Medline/PubMed databases Initially 66 found criteria 4 reached Epidemiological predominated extracted rate housing conditions antiBlack anti prejudice However limited SARSCoV2 SARSCoV SARS CoV 2 SARS-CoV- group COVID1 1 COVID- 20 6 SARS-CoV

Resumo Objetiva-se analisar como as publicações científicas descreveram e interpretaram os achados sobre a relação entre a população negra e eventos ligados à COVID-19 em 2020. Revisão narrativa com busca sistemática, na qual realizou-se um levantamento de artigos publicados em 2020 nas bases Scopus, MedLine/PubMed e Web of Science. Inicialmente foram encontrados 665 artigos, após a leitura e aplicação dos critérios elegíveis, chegou-se ao número final de 45 artigos. Predominaram estudos epidemiológicos, observacionais, dados secundários e desenvolvidos nos Estados Unidos. Da síntese das informações extraídas emergiram quatro agrupamentos e respectivos achados: principais eventos na população negra - alto número de óbitos e elevada taxa mortalidade; relações diretas - más condições de saúde, moradia e trabalho; relações intermediárias - baixa renda e preconceito antinegro; relações abrangentes - racismo estrutural e determinantes sociais da saúde. A identificação das disparidades raciais em saúde é uma importante constatação sobre a dinâmica da pandemia entre a população negra, porém as explicações multicausais mostraram-se limitadas. É necessário mobilizar recursos teóricos críticos dos estudos de raça e saúde para qualificar pesquisas, visando oferecer suporte em ações globais no enfrentamento da epidemia por SARS-COV2 neste grupo. Objetivase Objetiva se COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 sistemática realizouse realizou 202 Scopus MedLinePubMed MedLine PubMed Science 66 elegíveis chegouse chegou 4 epidemiológicos observacionais Unidos mortalidade trabalho antinegro mostraramse mostraram limitadas pesquisas SARSCOV2 SARSCOV SARS COV2 COV SARS-COV grupo COVID1 1 COVID- 20 6 2

The article aims to address the use of the theoretical-methodological teaching strategy, Problematized Experimental Activity (PEA), to introduce a method employed in chemometrics, called Principal Component Analysis, through digital images linked to a smartphone app (REDGIM®). The application of a didactic workshop occurred in the pandemic context of SARS-CoV2, in remote teaching, with students of the undergraduate course in Chemistry of a public University of Espírito Santo. The students were divided into two groups and developed solutions to a proposed problem, working with the themes: differentiation of false and true banknotes, and recognition of patterns in vegetable oils. The groups presented promising results in terms of learning in the development of their experimental methodologies and were able to have contact with analysis of chemical problems that are still little explored in the undergraduate course. theoreticalmethodological theoretical methodological strategy PEA, PEA , (PEA) chemometrics Analysis REDGIM®. REDGIM REDGIM® . (REDGIM®) SARSCoV2, SARSCoV2 SARSCoV SARS CoV2, CoV2 CoV SARS-CoV2 Santo problem themes banknotes oils (PEA (REDGIM® SARS-CoV (REDGIM

Abstract Introduction COVID-19 can cause persistent symptoms even in mild cases, such as fatigue and dyspnea, which can reduce functional capacity and make it difficult to perform activities of daily living. Objective To compare functional capacity using the pegboard and ring test and the six-minute walk test responses in post-COVID-19 patients according to the ventilatory support used. Methods Cross-sectional study including 40 adults of both sexes after SARS-CoV2 infection between June 2020 and June 2021, with assessment of functional capacity using the pegboard and ring test (upper limbs) and the six-minute walk (lower limbs). Those who reported comprehension deficit or neuromuscular disease were excluded. All participants were evaluated between 15 and 90 days after the onset of symptoms, diagnosed by nasal swab and classified according to the ventilatory support used during the infection. Results The mean age of the participants (n = 40) was 54.30 (±12.76) years, with BMI 28.39 (±4.70) kg/m2 and pulmonary involvement in 51.49 (±17.47)%. A total of 37 participants were hospitalized with a stay of 14.33 (±15.44) days, and 30% were previously immunized, while 7.5% reached the predicted distance covered. The average achieved was 46.44% (398.63 ± 130.58 m) in the distance covered and 39.31% (237.58 ± 85.51) in the movement of rings. Participants who had invasive mechanical ventilation (n = 10) had the worst functional capacity in both tests 265.85 ± 125.11 m and 181.00 ± 90.03 rings, compared to 472.94 ± 88.02 m and 273.25 ± 66.09 rings in non-invasive ventilation (n = 8), 410.32 ± 90.39 m and 257.68 ± 62.84 rings in oxygen therapy (n = 19), 569.00 ± 79.50 m and 203.00 ± 169.00 rings when there was no hospitalization (n = 3). Conclusion Participants who required invasive mechanical ventilation had worse functional capacity, 46% of what was expected in the walk test and 39% of what was expected in the pegboard and ring test. COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 cases dyspnea living sixminute six minute postCOVID19 postCOVID post post-COVID-1 Crosssectional Cross sectional 4 SARSCoV2 SARSCoV SARS CoV2 CoV SARS-CoV 202 2021 upper limbs lower limbs. . excluded 1 9 n 5430 54 30 54.3 ±12.76 1276 12 76 (±12.76 years 2839 28 39 28.3 ±4.70 470 70 (±4.70 kgm2 kgm kg m2 kg/m 5149 51 49 51.4 ±17.47%. 1747 ±17.47 %. 17 47 (±17.47)% 3 1433 14 33 14.3 ±15.44 1544 44 (±15.44 immunized 75 7 5 7.5 4644 46 46.44 398.63 39863 398 63 (398.6 13058 130 58 130.5 3931 31 39.31 237.58 23758 237 (237.5 85.51 8551 85 10 26585 265 265.8 12511 125 11 125.1 18100 181 00 181.0 9003 03 90.0 47294 472 94 472.9 8802 88 02 88.0 27325 273 25 273.2 6609 66 09 66.0 noninvasive non 8, 8 , 8) 41032 410 32 410.3 9039 90.3 25768 257 68 257.6 6284 62 84 62.8 19, 19) 56900 569 569.0 7950 79 50 79.5 20300 203 203.0 16900 169 169.0 3. 3) COVID1 COVID- postCOVID1 post-COVID- 20 543 54. ±12.7 127 (±12.7 283 2 28. ±4.7 (±4.7 514 51. ±17.47% 174 ±17.4 % (±17.47) 143 14. ±15.4 154 (±15.4 7. 464 46.4 398.6 3986 6 (398. 1305 13 130. 393 39.3 237.5 2375 23 (237. 85.5 855 2658 26 265. 1251 125. 1810 18 0 181. 900 90. 4729 472. 880 88. 2732 27 273. 660 66. 4103 41 410. 903 2576 257. 628 62. 5690 56 569. 795 79. 2030 203. 1690 16 169. post-COVID ±12. (±12. ±4. (±4. ±17. (±17.47 ±15. (±15. 46. 398. (398 39. 237. (237 85. ±12 (±12 ±4 (±4 ±17 (±17.4 ±15 (±15 (39 (23 ±1 (±1 (± (±17. (3 (2 ( (±17

Resumo Introdução A COVID-19 pode causar sintomas per-sistentes mesmo nos casos leves, como fadiga e dispneia, que podem reduzir a capacidade funcional e a realização das atividades de vida diária. Objetivo Comparar a avaliação da capacidade funcional a partir do teste da argola e caminhada dos 6 minutos pós-COVID-19 con-forme o suporte ventilatório utilizado. Métodos: Estudo transversal com 40 adultos, de ambos os sexos, pós-infecção por SARS-CoV2 entre julho/2020 e julho 2021, com avaliação da capacidade funcional pelos testes da argola (membros superiores) e caminhada (membros inferiores) de 6 minutos. Todos os participantes foram avaliados entre 15 e 90 dias do princípio dos sintomas, diagnosticados por swab nasal, e classificados conforme o suporte ventilatório utilizado durante a infecção. Resultados A média de idade dos participantes (n = 40) foi 54,30 (±12,76) anos, índice de massa corporal 28,39 (±4,70) kg/m2 e acometimento pulmonar em vidro fosco 51,49 (±17,47)%. Trinta e sete participantes foram hospitalizados com permanência de 14,33 (±15,44) dias, 30% previamente imunizados; 7,5% atingiram o predito da distância percorrida. A média alcançada foi de 46,44% (398,63 ± 130,58 m) na distância percorrida e 39,31% (237,58 ± 85,51) em movimento de argolas. Os participantes que utilizaram ventilação mecânica invasiva (n = 10) apresentaram pior capacidade funcional em ambos os testes: 265,85 ± 125,11 m e 181,00 ± 90,03 argolas comparado a 472,94 ± 88,02 m e 273,25 ± 66,09 argolas em ventilação não invasiva (n = 8), 410,32 ± 90,39m e 257,68 ± 62,84 argolas em oxigenoterapia (n = 19), 569,00 ± 79,50 m e 203,00 ± 169,00 argolas sem internação (n = 3). Conclusão Os participantes que necessitaram de ventilação mecânica invasiva apresen-taram pior capacidade funcional, com 46% do esperado no teste de caminhada e 39% no teste de argola de 6 minutos. COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 persistentes per sistentes leves dispneia diária pósCOVID19 pósCOVID pós pós-COVID-1 con forme Métodos 4 adultos sexos pósinfecção infecção SARSCoV2 SARSCoV SARS CoV2 CoV SARS-CoV julho2020 2020 julho/202 2021 membros superiores inferiores 1 9 nasal n 5430 54 30 54,3 ±12,76 1276 12 76 (±12,76 anos 2839 28 39 28,3 ±4,70 470 70 (±4,70 kgm2 kgm kg m2 kg/m 5149 51 49 51,4 ±17,47%. 1747 ±17,47 %. 17 47 (±17,47)% 1433 14 33 14,3 ±15,44 1544 44 (±15,44 imunizados 75 7 5 7,5 4644 46 46,44 398,63 39863 398 63 (398,6 13058 130 58 130,5 3931 31 39,31 237,58 23758 237 (237,5 85,51 8551 85 10 26585 265 265,8 12511 125 11 125,1 18100 181 00 181,0 9003 03 90,0 47294 472 94 472,9 8802 88 02 88,0 27325 273 25 273,2 6609 66 09 66,0 8, 8 , 8) 41032 410 32 410,3 9039m 39m 25768 257 68 257,6 6284 62 84 62,8 19, 19) 56900 569 569,0 7950 79 50 79,5 20300 203 203,0 16900 169 169,0 3. 3 . 3) apresen taram COVID1 COVID- pósCOVID1 pós-COVID- julho202 202 julho/20 543 54, ±12,7 127 (±12,7 283 2 28, ±4,7 (±4,7 514 51, ±17,47% 174 ±17,4 % (±17,47) 143 14, ±15,4 154 (±15,4 7, 464 46,4 398,6 3986 (398, 1305 13 130, 393 39,3 237,5 2375 23 (237, 85,5 855 2658 26 265, 1251 125, 1810 18 0 181, 900 90, 4729 472, 880 88, 2732 27 273, 660 66, 4103 41 410, 2576 257, 628 62, 5690 56 569, 795 79, 2030 20 203, 1690 16 169, pós-COVID julho20 julho/2 ±12, (±12, ±4, (±4, ±17, (±17,47 ±15, (±15, 46, 398, (398 39, 237, (237 85, julho2 julho/ ±12 (±12 ±4 (±4 ±17 (±17,4 ±15 (±15 (39 (23 ±1 (±1 (± (±17, (3 (2 ( (±17

Resumo Objetivo: identificar a associação entre percepção de risco e vários efeitos psicológicos negativos e positivos, bem como o efeito moderador do apoio social, em uma amostra de trabalhadores de saúde com pacientes com COVID-19 no México. Métodos: trata-se de um desenho ex-post-facto e instrumental. As respostas foram obtidas por meio de questionário on-line , utilizando a estratégia de bola de neve. A associação entre percepção de risco e vários resultados psicológicos foi examinada por meio de correlações monotônicas (Spearman, rs), e um modelo de regressão foi estimado para cada efeito psicológico a fim de testar o efeito moderador do apoio social. Resultados: participaram 269 trabalhadores da saúde, sendo 75,5% mulheres. Os achados mostram a percepção de risco com uma tendência elevada, especialmente em relação ao “risco de dano grave pelo SARS-CoV-2”. O apoio social apresentou uma tendência de moderada a alta, e os sintomas negativos de saúde mental tiveram uma tendência abaixo das médias teóricas. Conclusão: o apoio social desempenha papel moderador na magnitude da associação entre a percepção de risco e os efeitos psicológicos. Apesar das limitações reconhecidas, este trabalho visa ajudar a explicar os mecanismos complexos das variáveis em estudo por meio da análise exploratória de interações. Objetivo positivos COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 México Métodos tratase trata se expostfacto ex post facto instrumental online on line neve Spearman, Spearman (Spearman rs, rs rs) Resultados 26 755 75 5 75,5 mulheres elevada SARSCoV2. SARSCoV2 SARSCoV SARS CoV 2 . SARS-CoV-2” alta teóricas Conclusão reconhecidas interações COVID1 1 COVID- 7 75, SARS-CoV-2 SARS-CoV- SARS-CoV

Resumen Objetivo: identificar la asociación entre percepción de riesgo y diversos efectos psicológicos negativos y positivos, así como el efecto moderador del apoyo social, en una muestra de trabajadores sanitarios con pacientes COVID-19 en México. Métodos: se trató de un diseño ex post facto e instrumental. Se obtuvieron respuestas por medio de un cuestionario en línea mediante la estrategia de bola de nieve. Se examinó la asociación de la percepción de riesgo con varios resultados psicológicos mediante correlaciones monotónicas (Spearman, rs), y se estimó un modelo de regresión para cada efecto psicológico para probar el efecto moderador del apoyo social. Resultados: participaron 269 trabajadores sanitarios, de los cuales un 75,5% eran mujeres. Los hallazgos muestran una percepción de riesgo con tendencia elevada, particularmente la relacionada al “riesgo de daño grave por SARS-CoV2”, el apoyo social tuvo una tendencia de moderada a alta y los síntomas negativos de salud mental tuvieron una tendencia por debajo de los promedios teóricos. Conclusión: el apoyo social juega un papel moderador en la magnitud de asociación entre percepción de riesgo y efectos psicológicos. A pesar de las limitaciones reconocidas, este trabajo pretende ayudar a explicar los mecanismos complejos de las variables de estudio mediante el análisis de interacciones exploratorias. Objetivo positivos COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 México Métodos instrumental nieve Spearman, Spearman (Spearman rs, rs , rs) Resultados 26 755 75 5 75,5 mujeres elevada SARSCoV2, SARSCoV2 SARSCoV SARS CoV2 CoV SARS-CoV2” teóricos Conclusión reconocidas exploratorias COVID1 1 COVID- 2 7 75, SARS-CoV2 SARS-CoV

Abstract Objective: to identify the association between risk perception and various negative and positive psychological effects, as well as the moderating effect of social support, in a sample of health care workers with COVID-19 patients in Mexico. Methods: this study has an ex post facto and instrumental design. Responses were obtained by means of an online survey using snowball convenience sampling. The association of risk perception with various psychological outcomes was examined using monotonic correlations (Spearman, rs), and a regression model was estimated for each psychological effect to test the moderating effect of social support. Results: a total of 269 health care workers took part, 75.5% of them women. The findings show that risk perception tended to be high, especially in relation to the “risk of serious harm from SARS-CoV-2”. Social support had a moderate to high trend, and negative mental health symptoms had a trend below theoretical average points. Conclusion: social support plays a moderating role in the magnitude of the association between risk perception and psychological effects. Despite the acknowledged limitations, this work aimed to help explain the complex mechanisms of the study variables by analyzing exploratory interactions. Objective effects COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 Mexico Methods design sampling Spearman, Spearman (Spearman rs, rs , rs) Results 26 part 755 75 5 75.5 women SARSCoV2. SARSCoV2 SARSCoV SARS CoV 2 . SARS-CoV-2” points Conclusion limitations interactions COVID1 1 COVID- 7 75. SARS-CoV-2 SARS-CoV- SARS-CoV

RESUMEN Introducción: la comprensión histomorfológica y biomolecular del íleon terminal; sitio clave en el control de la absorción nutricional, del metabolismo, sistema inmunitario, microbiota intestinal, y función de órganos extradigestivos; justifica su participación en los procesos inflamatorios intestinales, como pudiera ser en la infección por el SARS-CoV2. Objetivos: describir las evidencias biomoleculares de los componentes tisulares del íleon que justifican su función en el eje hepático-intestinal, y citar hallazgos histomorfológicos del íleon en fallecidos de la COVID-19. Adquisición de información: se realizó una revisión sistemática, crítica de los estudios biomoleculares sobre los enterocitos, la barrera epitelial intestinal, microbiota y permeabilidad intestinal del íleon que fundamentan su función de barrera epitelial, reportados en sitios Web (PubMed, Scielos, Lilacs, y Elservier), entre 2000 a 2021, y se citan hallazgos preliminares de cortes histomorfológicos del íleon en fallecidos de la COVID-19. Desarrollo se describen las evidencias biomoleculares del íleon normal, y la repercusión de su pérdida, disbiosis e hiperpermeabilidad en los procesos inflamatorios intestinales; también se citan hallazgos histomorfológicos preliminares de ileítis en fallecidos de la COVID-19, que pudiera fundamentar la importancia de la intuición biomolecular del íleon en el equilibrio salud-enfermedad, cuya pérdida justificaría el progreso clínico de la COVID-19. Conclusiones: la revisión integral del íleon y la cita de los hallazgos histomorfológicos preliminares de ileítis en fallecidos de la COVID-19, motiva realizar estudios amplios, que infieran su papel en el progreso clínico de la COVID-19 y justifique el futuro de nuevas intervenciones terapéuticas para su integridad.

ABSTRACT Introduction terminal ileum, key site of control of nutritional absorption, metabolism, immune system, intestinal microbiota and extradigestive organ function. Histomorphological and biomolecular understanding of the ileum justifies its participation in intestinal inflammatory processes, such as SARS-CoV2 infection. Objective to describe the biomolecular evidence of the tissue components of the ileum that justifies its function in the hepatic-intestinal axis, and to cite histomorphological findings of the ileum in deaths from COVID-19. Information acquisition a systematic review was carried out, critical of reports between 2000 and 2021, on websites (PubMed, Scielos, Lilacs, and Elservier), of the biomolecular studies of the ileum (enterocytes, intestinal epithelial barrier, microbiota and intestinal permeability), which support its epithelial barrier function, and preliminary findings of histomorphological sections of the ileum in deaths from COVID-19 are cited. Development: biomolecular evidence of the normal ileum is described, and the repercussion of its loss, dysbiosis and hyperpermeability in intestinal inflammatory processes, and preliminary histomorphological findings of ileitis in deaths from COVID-19 are cited, which could substantiate the importance of the biomolecular intuition of the ileum in the health-disease balance, that its loss would justify the clinical progress of COVID-19. Conclusions: the comprehensive review of the ileum and the citation of the preliminary histomorphological findings of ileitis in deaths from COVID-19 motivates conducting extensive studies that infer its role in the clinical progress of COVID-19 and justify the future of new interventions. therapeutic for its integrity.