Resumo O presente estudo avaliou a incorporação de finos de rocha granítica (GRP) e areia artificial (MS) em argamassas auto-adensáveis (SCM), visando adequação das características reológicas. Foram analisadas SCMs com relações água/cimento de 0,42, 0,46 e 0,63, teores de GRP de 17%, 20% e 40%, respetivamente, e substituição volumétrica de 50% da areia natural por MS. Para avaliar o desempenho das SCMs, foram realizados ensaios de mini V-Funnel e mini Slump, além da caraterização físico-mecânica. A distância de separação interpartículas e a espessura máxima da pasta também foram analisadas e concluiu-se que o teor de GRP é o parâmetro de maior influência no consumo de superplastificante e no tempo de escoamento das misturas. Com a incorporação de GRP, a viscosidade da argamassa foi ajustada sem a necessidade de adição de agentes modificadores de viscosidade, aumentando o tempo de escoamento, enquanto a substituição parcial de NS por MS resultou numa diminuição deste parâmetro. Além disso, a incorporação simultânea de GRP e MS aumentou a densidade das misturas, promovendo aumento da resistência à compressão em até 29% e da resistência à tração na flexão em até 19%, apesar da redução de cerca de 40% do volume de cimento. (GRP (MS autoadensáveis auto adensáveis SCM, SCM , (SCM) reológicas águacimento água cimento 042 0 42 0,42 046 46 0,4 063 63 0,63 17 17% 20 40 respetivamente 50 VFunnel V Funnel Slump físicomecânica. físicomecânica físico mecânica. mecânica físico-mecânica concluiuse concluiu se misturas disso 29 19 19% (SCM 04 4 0, 06 6 0,6 1 2 5

Abstract The study assessed the use of granitic rock powder (GRP) and manufactured sand (MS) in self-compacting mortars (SCM) to achieve desired rheological properties. Different water/cement ratios of 0.42, 0.46, and 0.63 were used with partial replacement of cement volume by GRP at levels of 17%, 20%, and 40%. Additionally, a volumetric replacement of 50% natural sand with MS was studied. The performance of SCMs was evaluated using mini V-Funnel and mini Slump Tests, as well as physical-mechanical characterization. It was found that GRP content significantly influenced superplasticizer consumption and flow time without requiring additional viscosity modifiers while incorporating MS decreased flow time parameter. Furthermore, simultaneous incorporation of GRP and MS increased mixture density by up to 14% improved compressive strength by up to 29%, and flexural tensile strength by up to19%. (GRP (MS selfcompacting self compacting SCM (SCM properties watercement water 042 0 42 0.42 046 46 0.46 063 63 0.6 17 17% 20 20% 40 40% Additionally 50 studied VFunnel V Funnel Tests physicalmechanical physical mechanical characterization parameter Furthermore 14 29 29% to19 to19% 04 4 0.4 06 6 0. 1 2 5 to1

Abstract The conservation of cultural heritage needs to be aligned with current sustainability policies. Therefore, this work aimed to assess the effectiveness of using kaolin residue, either totally or partially replacing bentonite, in Mário Mendonça de Oliveira's formulation for cleaning stone surfaces, in order to measure possible changes in the appearance or structure of Lioz stone. The influence of some variables, such as the application time of the plaster and the concentration of the clay minerals used, was evaluated. The experimental methodology consisted of drying and pulverizing the residue; quantifying and weighing the reagents; wet cleaning the rock; synthesis, application, and removal of the plaster. Throughout the research, analysis techniques were employed to characterize the starting materials, the products formed, and the alterations produced on the rock surface. After the wet cleaning process, there was a trend for increased brightness in all studied ranges, and an increase in brightness in all ranges where 100% kaolin plaster was applied during 7 and 14 days. policies Therefore residue bentonite Oliveiras Oliveira s surfaces variables used evaluated reagents synthesis research materials formed surface process 100 1 days 10

Resumo A conservação de bens culturais necessita estar alinhada com a política de sustentabilidade da atualidade. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a eficácia do uso do resíduo do caulim substituindo total ou parcialmente a bentonita, na formulação de Mário Mendonça de Oliveira, para a limpeza de superfícies pétreas. E dessa forma avaliar possíveis alterações no aspecto ou na estrutura do lioz. Para tanto foram avaliadas a influência de algumas variáveis, como tempo de aplicação do emplastro e a concentração dos argilominerais utilizados. A metodologia experimental consistiu em: secagem e pulverização do resíduo; quantificação e pesagem dos reagentes; limpeza úmida da rocha; síntese, aplicação e remoção do emplastro. Ao longo da pesquisa foram empregadas técnicas de análise, para caracterizar os materiais de partida, os produtos formados e as alterações produzidas na superfície da rocha. Após a limpeza por via úmida houve uma tendência de elevação de brilho em todas as faixas estudadas; e um aumento do mesmo em todas as faixas em que foi aplicado o emplastro de 100% caulim, para os tempos de 7 e 14 dias. atualidade Assim bentonita Oliveira pétreas lioz variáveis utilizados reagentes rocha síntese análise partida estudadas 100 1 dias 10

Resumen Este estudio, se centra en la cobertura forestal de tres distritos en el ámbito urbano de la provincia de Andahuaylas, región Apurímac en Perú, la cual afronta problemas de deforestación. El objetivo fue determinar la cobertura forestal en el área urbana de la provincia de Andahuaylas hasta el 2030, para la revelación de los escenarios futuros de la cobertura forestal, contribuyendo al desarrollo de la planificación urbana y a la creación de ciudades sostenibles. Para el área de estudio, se utilizaron datos registrados entre los años 2017-2023, a partir de las imágenes NDVI del portal Sentinelhub. Permitiendo disponer de información de bosques tropicales y templados; arbustos y pastizales; zonas áridas de roca; áreas urbanas o artificiales que han cambiado como consecuencia del proceso de urbanización. Se determinaron las superficies de bosque en el área de estudio. Posteriormente se utilizó la regresión lineal con un p valor = 0,046, alcanzando un R2 de 0,583 en un rango medio, logrando estimar los escenarios futuros del bosque al 2030. Se concluye que la tendencia es decreciente en la cobertura forestal en 26,50% al año 2030.

Absttract This study focuses on the forest cover of three districts in the urban area of the province of Andahuaylas, Apurímac region, Peru, which is facing deforestation problems. The objective was to determine the forest cover in the urban area of the province of Andahuaylas until 2030, to reveal future scenarios of forest cover, contributing to the development of urban planning and the creation of sustainable cities. For the study area, data recorded between the years 2017-2023 were used, based on NDVI images from the Sentinelhub portal. This allowed for the availability of information on tropical and temperate forests, shrubs and grasslands, arid rock zones, and urban or artificial areas that have changed due to the urbanization process. The forest surfaces in the study area were determined. Subsequently, linear regression was used with a p-value = 0,046, reaching an R2 of 0,583 in a medium range, managing to estimate future forest scenarios by 2030. It is concluded that the trend is decreasing in forest cover by 26,50% by the year 2030.

Resumen El desarrollo de proyectos mineros en etapas de exploración y prefactibilidad conlleva desafíos relacionados a la heterogeneidad e incertidumbre geológica y de procesamiento debido a la variabilidad en sus atributos primarios y de respuesta. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de esta investigación radica en elaborar el modelo geometalúrgico del índice de trabajo de Bond. Para esto se desarrollaron modelos de regresión lineal en Jupyter Notebook considerando 790 muestras de resistencia a la compresión uniaxial de la roca (UCS), litologías, zonas minerales e índice de trabajo de Bond (BWi) en un depósito pórfido cuprífero. Los resultados indican relación directamente proporcional de tipo lineal entre el BWi y UCS, generando modelamientos con desempeños aceptables de R2 entre 0,76 a 0,90. Además, las litologías y zonas mineralizadas en el depósito estudiado son características relevantes relacionadas a la conminución. Finalmente, de acuerdo a la competencia de la roca, esta se clasifica como tipo media a dura, dura y muy dura en las zonas de óxidos, mixtos y sulfuros primarios respectivamente.

Abstract The development of mining projects in the exploration and pre-feasibility stages involves challenges related to geological and processing heterogeneity and uncertainty due to variability in their primary and response attributes. Therefore, the objective of this research is to develop the geometallurgical model of the Bond work index. For this purpose, linear regression models were developed in Jupyter Notebook considering 790 samples of uniaxial compressive strength of rock (UCS), lithologies, mineral zones and Bond work index (BWi) in a porphyry copper deposit. The results indicate a directly proportional linear relationship between BWi and UCS, generating modeling with acceptable R2 performances between 0,76 and 0,90. In addition, the lithologies and ore zones in the deposit studied are relevant characteristics related to comminution. Finally, according to rock competence, the rock is classified as medium to hard, hard and very hard in the oxide, mixed and primary sulfide zones, respectively.

Summary: Bioestimulants such as chitosan in traditional agriculture have proven effective in promoting plant growth and development, as well as protecting them from diseases. However, in aquaponic production systems its effect is not documented, therefore the objective of the present work was to determine the effect of chitosan concentration (0, 500 and 1000 mg L-1) in three varieties (Great Lakes, Regina 500 and Red Rock) of lettuce (Latuca sativa L.), on production parameters in a circular aquaponics system. Using a completely randomized design with a 3×3 factorial arrangement, chitosan was applied by spraying at 10 and 45 days after transplantation. After the analysis of variance, the differences due to the variety were determined using the Tukey test and the effect of chitosan concentration through orthogonal polynomials, in addition to a correlation analysis and simple linear regression between the yield, height, number and length of the leaves. The results showed that the variables number of leaves, length of leaves and root, plant weight, plant height and yield increased as the dose of chitosan increased. The Red Rock variety outperformed the Regina 500 and Great Lakes varieties. No presence of insects or diseases was detected. It is concluded that chitosan favors the growth, development and yield of the lettuce plant in a circular aquaponic system, especially with doses of 1000 mg L-1 of chitosan, and that with respect to these same variables, the Red Rock variety surpasses to the Regina 500 and Great Lakes varieties.

Resumen: Los bioestimulantes como el quitosano en la agricultura tradicional han demostrado su eficacia para promover el crecimiento y desarrollo de las plantas, así como protegerlas de enfermedades. Sin embargo, en sistemas de producción acuapónicos su efecto no está documentado, por ello el objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar el efecto de la concentración de quitosano (0, 500 y 1000 mg L-1) en tres variedades (Grandes Lagos, Regina 500 y Red Rock) de lechuga (Latuca sativa L.), sobre los parámetros de producción en un sistema circular de acuaponía. Utilizando un diseño completamente al azar con un arreglo factorial 3×3 el quitosano se aplicó mediante aspersión a los 10 y 45 días después del trasplante. Posterior al análisis de varianza, las diferencias debido a la variedad se determinaron utilizando la prueba de Tukey y, el efecto de la concentración de quitosano mediante polinomios ortogonales, además de un análisis de correlación y regresión lineal simple entre el rendimiento, altura, número y longitud de las hojas. Los resultados demostraron que las variables número de hojas, longitud de hojas y raíz, peso de planta, altura de planta y rendimiento, se incrementó conforme se aumentó la dosis de quitosano. La variedad Red Rock superó a las variedades Regina 500 y Grandes Lagos. No se detectó la presencia de insectos ni enfermedades. Se concluye que el quitosano favorece el crecimiento, desarrollo y rendimiento de la planta de lechuga en un sistema circular de acuaponía, sobre todo con dosis de 1000 mg L-1 de quitosano, y que respecto a estas mismas variables, la variedad Red Rock supera a las variedades Regina 500 y Grandes Lagos.

ABSTRACT: This article analyzes three Argentine films from the 60s: La Patota (Daniel Tinayre, 1960), Orden de Matar (Román Viñoly Barreto, 1965), and Humo de Marihuana (Lucas Demare, 1968). In them, youth and their customs are central. The protagonists seek a life of pleasures but find tragic destinies. The films present sexuality, violence, rock & roll, social gatherings, fashions, and drugs as threats to their lives and social order. Reflect the conservative perspectives of the time, which viewed with concern the youth getting involved in renewing activities. The films contrast with the thematic and aesthetic renewal of the Generation of 60 and represent the opinions of the most conservative sectors of Argentine society, which from 1966 would impose a dictatorial regime that saw youth as the cause of many of the country’s problems.

RESUMEN: Este artículo analiza tres películas argentinas de los años 60: La patota (Daniel Tinayre, 1960), Orden de matar (Román Viñoly Barreto, 1965) y Humo de marihuana (Lucas Demare, 1968). En ellas, la juventud y sus costumbres son centrales. Los protagonistas buscan una vida de placeres, pero encuentran destinos trágicos. Las películas presentan la sexualidad, la violencia, el rock & roll, las reuniones sociales, las modas y las drogas como amenazas a sus vidas y al orden social. Recuperan las perspectivas conservadoras de la época, que veían con preocupación a los jóvenes involucrándose en actividades renovadoras. Las películas contrastan con la renovación temática y estética de la Generación del 60 y representan las opiniones de los sectores más conservadores de la sociedad argentina, que desde 1966 impondrían un régimen dictatorial que veía a la juventud como la causa de muchos de los problemas del país.

Abstract. This article presents a proposal to study cultural practices that occur in urban spaces at socially specific times: during the nights and towards weekends. We explore the musical scenes of rock and fandango jarocho in the city of Xalapa, Veracruz, through their technocultural history, with the aim of describing and differentiating them in terms of forms and possibilities for the production of localized nocturnities. To structure the analysis, different cultural temperatures are established according to our nomenclature: cold, temperate, and hot orders, the last of which is intense and diverse, concentrating collective practices and identifications. These orders correspond to a practical division of the week, but they also allow for various ways of managing time and, consequently, constructing community. This is an initial work in the emerging field of sociocultural studies of the night, focused on the dynamics that produce urban cultural diversity.

Resumen. Este artículo presenta una propuesta para estudiar prácticas culturales que ocurren en el espacio urbano en tiempos socialmente específicos: durante las noches y hacia los fines de semana. Exploramos las escenas musicales del rock y del fandango jarocho en la ciudad de Xalapa, Veracruz, mediante su historia tecnocultural, con el fin de describir y diferenciarlas en cuanto formas y posibilidades de producción de nocturnidades localizadas. Para estructurar el análisis, se establece, según nuestra nomenclatura, diferentes temperaturas culturales: los órdenes frío, templado y caliente, el último de los cuales se muestra intenso y diverso, concentrando prácticas e identificaciones colectivas. Dichos órdenes corresponden a una división práctica de la semana, pero además admiten diversas maneras de administrar el tiempo y, por ende, construir la comunidad. Se trata de un trabajo inicial en la línea emergente de los estudios socioculturales de la noche, enfocado en las dinámicas que producen la diversidad cultural urbana.

Abstract In this work we present the first results of prospective and stratigraphic studies in a new archaeological locality located in Paso Gregores (lower basin of the Deseado River, province of Santa Cruz). It is an intermediate space between the sea coast and the interior plateaus of the Deseado Massif. Various archaeological contexts were recorded, among which the rock shelters with the presence of rock art stand out. The locality has an interesting interpretative potential regarding discussions related to the initial settlement and the breadth of the ranges of action of the human groups that occupied the area during the middle and late Holocene. The new evidence of occupation recorded about 50 km from the Atlantic coast, near the limit of the marine influence of the Deseado estuary, is framed in a scenario suitable for discussing the implications of the coast-inland connections and vice versa. The survey of rock paintings, with similar characteristics to sites located to the west, added to their absence on the marine coast, suggests that the occupations in the Paso Gregores Locality would have been structured around ranges of mobility associated with the interior territory, in relationship with the exploitation of guanacos and local raw materials.

Resumen En este trabajo presentamos los primeros resultados de estudios prospectivos y estratigráficos en una nueva localidad arqueológica emplazada en Paso Gregores (cuenca inferior del río Deseado, provincia de Santa Cruz). Se trata de un espacio intermedio entre el litoral marino y las mesetas interiores del Macizo del Deseado. Se registraron variados contextos arqueológicos, entre los que se destacan los abrigos rocosos con presencia de arte rupestre. La localidad posee un interesante potencial interpretativo respecto de discusiones relacionadas con el poblamiento inicial y la amplitud de los rangos de acción de los grupos humanos que ocuparon el área durante el Holoceno medio y tardío. Las nuevas evidencias de ocupación registradas a unos 50 km de la costa atlántica, en cercanías del límite de la influencia marina de la ría Deseado, se enmarcan en un escenario apto para discutir las implicancias de las conexiones costa-interior y viceversa. El relevamiento de pinturas rupestres, con características similares respecto de sitios emplazados hacia el oeste, sumado a su ausencia en el litoral marino, sugiere que las ocupaciones en la Localidad Paso Gregores se habrían estructurado en torno a rangos de movilidad asociados al territorio interior, en relación con la explotación de guanacos y materias primas locales.

Abstract This paper presents the analysis of chert and orthoquartzite cores recovered from quarry- workshop sites located in the northwestern sector of Tandilia, Buenos Aires province. The main goal is to determine the knapping methods used to reduce the cores as well as to identify the débitage (flaking) types used on each rock. Considering the volumes and morphologies of the cores that were reduced, the selected technical criteria and production objectives are analyzed. In this sense, different objectives related to obtaining blanks represented by modules of different dimensions and thicknesses were identified. In turn, natural and prepared platforms were observed, as well as pieces with unidirectional, bidirectional, and multidirectional extractions. There is a great variability in the degree of reduction of the cores, some of which are scarcely used and others exhausted, including bipolar pieces. These studies allowed us to recognize different modes in the exploitation of both rocks that are mainly related to the way in which they occur naturally in the outcrops.

Resumen En este trabajo se presenta el análisis de núcleos de ftanita y ortocuarcita recuperados en sitios cantera-taller ubicados en el sector noroccidental de Tandilia, provincia de Buenos Aires. El objetivo principal es determinar los métodos de talla utilizados para la reducción de los núcleos e identificar los tipos de débitage empleados sobre cada roca. Considerando los volúmenes y morfologías de los núcleos que fueron reducidos, se analizan los criterios técnicos seleccionados y los objetivos de producción. En este sentido, se identificaron distintos objetivos vinculados con la obtención de soportes representados por módulos de diferentes dimensiones y espesores. A su vez, se observaron plataformas de percusión naturales y preparadas, así como piezas con extracciones unidireccionales, bidireccionales y multidireccionales. Se registró gran variabilidad en el grado de reducción de los núcleos, algunos de los cuales se encontraban escasamente desbastados y otros agotados, incluyendo piezas bipolares. Estos estudios permitieron reconocer diferentes modos en la explotación de ambas rocas, que se relacionan principalmente con la forma en que se presentan naturalmente en los afloramientos.

Abstract The management of lithic resources is a central activity in the reproduction of social life in many past societies. In the context of these operations, individuals and groups developed actions, values and attitudes based on their technological habits, cultural patterns and symbolic representations, closely linked to the landscape they inhabited and its natural resources. The aim of this paper is to approach the social practices related to rock procurement and the social landscapes, that make up indigenous quarries. To achieve this, we first conducted a bibliographic review of different ethnoarchaeological cases that document different activities and practices related to rock procurement. Then, concerning some of these data, we analyzed the archaeological landscapes and the material record of two quarry areas located in the center-East of Tandilia hills (Buenos Aires, Argentina) and Antofagasta de la Sierra (Catamarca, Argentina).

Resumen La gestión de los recursos líticos es una actividad central en la reproducción de la vida de muchas sociedades pasadas. En el marco de estas operaciones, los individuos y grupos desarrollaron acciones, valoraciones y actitudes enraizadas en sus hábitos tecnológicos, sus patrones culturales y sus representaciones simbólicas, que se encuentran estrechamente ligadas al paisaje que habitaron y sus bienes naturales. El objetivo de este trabajo es abordar las prácticas sociales relacionadas con la obtención de rocas y los paisajes culturalmente construidos que conforman las canteras prehispánicas. Para ello se efectúa un recorrido bibliográfico sobre diferentes casos etnoarqueológicos que documentan actividades y prácticas diversas en torno al aprovisionamiento. Luego, a la luz de algunos de esos datos, se analizan los paisajes arqueológicos y el registro material de dos áreas de canteras localizadas en el centro-este de las Sierras de Tandilia (Buenos Aires, Argentina) y Antofagasta de la Sierra (Catamarca, Argentina).

Abstract Acevedo 1, located near Río Pico (Pico Valley, Chubut, Argentina), is an archaeological rock art site where human remains were recovered along with animal bones and a lithic assemblage. Diverse lines of evidence were studied there with the exception of the lithics. Therefore, in this work the focus is on the technological characterization of such artifact assemblage in order to determine how hunter-gatherers populations that occupied this valley have used this sector of Patagonia. The lithic assemblage is composed mainly of flaking debris, a retouched artifact and a core. The results show that the raw materials used are the same as in other archaeological sites from nearby localities (chalcedony and siliceous rocks) along with allochthonous rocks such as obsidian of source(s) not yet determined. From our results it can be suggested that technological activities linked to the last stages of lithic reduction would have been carried out in Acevedo 1. These activities would be related to ephemeral residential occupations.

Resumen El sitio arqueológico Acevedo 1, localizado cerca de Río Pico (valle del Pico, Chubut, Argentina), es un alero con pinturas rupestres donde se recuperaron restos óseos humanos junto con material lítico y restos óseos de fauna. En trabajos previos se estudiaron diversas líneas de evidencia pero no el conjunto artefactual lítico, por lo que en este trabajo el foco está puesto en su caracterización tecnológica, a fin de determinar cómo los cazadores- recolectores que habitaron dicho valle usaron este sector del espacio. La muestra analizada está compuesta principalmente por desechos de talla, un artefacto formatizado y un núcleo. Los resultados muestran que las materias primas empleadas son las mismas que en otros sitios de localidades vecinas (calcedonia y rocas silíceas) junto con rocas alóctonas, como las obsidianas (sin identificación de fuente aún). A partir del análisis realizado puede plantearse que en Acevedo 1 se habrían realizado actividades tecnológicas vinculadas con las últimas etapas de la talla lítica y serían vinculables a ocupaciones residenciales efímeras.

Reinforcement and surface support are part of an integrated system that transfers and shares load until the excavation surface is stabilized or until the ground support system fails. Steel mesh is the most popular primary surface support element in underground hard rock mines in Canada. Mesh straps are a secondary surface support that provide additional containment as they distribute the load between and across the reinforcement elements. This investigation addresses the role of steel properties, and in particular steel chemistry, in the long-term performance of mesh and mesh straps when exposed to an aggressive corrosive environment. It reports on comparative accelerated corrosion studies to compare the resistance to corrosion of different surface support elements. This has significant implications on the choice of surface support and the anticipated rehabilitation requirements.

The generally accepted view in rock blasting is that the sources of energy for the fracture and movement of rock reside in the shock wave and gas action resulting from the explosion, and yet the mechanisms by which these sources interact with the rock have remained unclarified. It has also been noted that up to 50% of the work capacity of an explosive released in a blast cannot be accounted for by field measurements of energy partitioning. In this study, we describe a physical model that details the response of rock to both shock wave and gas action. An analytical model based on momentum conservation is derived to describe the dynamics of shock-driven expansion of the blasthole. Radial expansion of the hole is the key parameter that permits the derivation of the following characteristics of rock response to shock loads: hole expansion time; volume of displaced rock; energy consumed per unit volume; expansion energy efficiency; stress wave pulse length; gas pressure in enlarged hole. Soon after the completion of hole expansion, the shock wave degenerates to an elastic stress wave that runs through the burden. Blasthole expansions of between 50% and 300% of diameter are completed in under 1 ms and, depending on rock properties, consume 32% to 42% of the detonation energy or about 55% of the available mechanical (Gurney) energy. Gas pressure in the enlarged holes in five rock types is between 35 MPa and 650 MPa, and drives the mass movement of burden rock.

Since their introduction in 2010, paddled energy-absorbing rockbolts have been widely used in seismically active hard rock mines. This paper provides new data and reviews previous work to quantify the performance of paddled energy-absorbing rockbolts under controlled laboratory conditions. Of significance is the realization that the typical split location in impact tests, at the centre between two paddle anchor points can at best provide an upper limit value. This inherent variability in performance under different testing configurations should be acknowledged and taken into consideration in the design of ground support in seismic conditions. This paper discusses the reduction in capacity of paddled rockbolts as a function of loading angle from a maximum value during axial tests (0 loading angle) to the lowest value during pure shear (loading angle of 90 ). A significant reduction in displacement capacity is observed as the loading angle changes between axial (0 ) and 40 . Beyond a 40 loading angle up to shear (90 ) loading the reduction in displacement capacity is less significant. Due to the variances in the capacity observed through the variance of the testing configuration: loading mechanism, direction of loading, location / presence of a discontinuity, it must be recognized that results from laboratory-based testing are not independent of the testing configuration. This should be acknowledged when extrapolating anticipated performance in the field.