SUMMARY: The rapid advancement of the Internet of Things (IoT) has transformed our lives by connecting objects and creating an intelligent environment that drives automation and massive data collection. IoT has overcome challenges through remote monitoring, robotics, and sensors, with powerful wireless technologies opening up possibilities in various fields, including anatomical techniques. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the feasibility and benefits of integrating IoT technology into the body maceration process by developing a low-cost, accessible, automated maceration control device compatible with theArduino IDE programming environment. Using an open-source NodeMCU system based on the ESP-12E chip, which employs the LUA programming language and is compatible with Arduino IDE, we incorporated a microSD card reader module for data storage, a digital temperature sensor (DS18B20), a clock module (DS3231), a magnetic stirrer, and an aquarium heater controlled by a digital thermostat with relay (W1209). To validate the device, we conducted maceration tests on C57BL mice, comparing two groups: Control (n=5; weight=17g) subjected to maceration in 4 liters of water at 10°C without agitation; Experimental (n=5; weight=17g) exposed to maceration in 4 liters of water at 35°C, with agitation at 1500 r/min and water flow renewal at a rate of 900 ml/h. Specimens were evaluated for their degree of maceration, cleaned, weighed, and photographed. The maceration time for the control and experi- mental groups was 730 hours and 60 hours, respectively. In the experimental group, no foul odors, damage, or bone demineralization were detected. The device cost was 60 USD, and programming through the Arduino IDE environment was straightforward. The focus on hardware contributed to accessibility and time savings. The system operated with a conventional power supply and required a water supply, making it adaptable to various configurations with greater capacity. Under this configuration, we effectively controlled the variables (temperature, agitation, and water flow). The NodeMCU-based bone maceration system improved the performance and adaptability of existing systems and increased accessibility by reducing costs, complexity, and foul odors.

RESUMEN: El rápido avance del Internet de las Cosas (IoT) ha transformado nuestras vidas al conectar objetos y crear un entorno inteligente que impulsa la automatización y la recolección masiva de datos. El IoT ha superado desafíos a través del monitoreo remoto, la robótica y los sensores, con tecnologías inalámbricas potentes que abren posibilidades en diversos campos, incluidas la anatomía y las técnicas anatómicas. El objetivo de este estudio fue demostrar la viabilidad y los beneficios de integrar la tecnología IoT en el proceso de maceración cadavérica mediante el desarrollo de un dispositivo de control de maceración automatizado, accesible y de bajo costo, compatible con el entorno de programación Arduino IDE. Usando un sistema NodeMCU de código abierto basado en el chip ESP-12E, que emplea el lenguaje de programación LUA y es compatible con Arduino IDE, incorporamos un módulo lector de tarjetas microSD para el almacenamiento de datos, un sensor de temperatura digital (DS18B20), un módulo de reloj (DS3231), un agitador magnético y un calentador de acuario controlado por un termostato digital con relé (W1209). Para validar el dispositivo, realizamos pruebas de maceración en ratones C57BL, comparando dos grupos: control (n=5; peso=17g) sometido a maceración en 4 litros de agua a 10°C sin agitación; experimental (n=5; peso=17g) expuesto a maceración en 4 litros de agua a 35°C, con agitación a 1500 r/min y renovación del flujo de agua a una velocidad de 900 ml/h. Los especímenes fueron evaluados según su grado de maceración, limpiados, pesados y fotografiados. El tiempo de maceración para los grupos control y experimental fue de 730 horas y 60 horas, respectivamente. En el grupo experimental no se detectaron malos olores, daños ni desmineralización de los huesos. El costo del dispositivo fue de 60 USD y la programación a través del entorno Arduino IDE fue sencilla. El enfoque en el hardware contribuyó a la accesibilidad y al ahorro de tiempo. El sistema operaba con una fuente de alimentación convencional y requería un suministro de agua, lo que lo hace adaptable a diversas configuraciones con mayor capacidad. Bajo esta configuración, controlamos eficazmente las variables (temperatura, agitación y flujo de agua). El sistema de maceración ósea basado en NodeMCU mejoró el rendimiento y la adaptabilidad de los sistemas existentes, y aumentó la accesibilidad al reducir los costos, la complejidad y los malos olores.

The industrial world has witnessed an increased demand for computing based skills due to the advent of robotics, artificial intelligence, and analytics. However, the learning of computer programming is challenging and requires an intensive cognitive effort to attain a high degree of skill and expertise. Given this phenomenon, this study undertook to ascertain the factors that influence proficiency in computer programming. The study adopted a quantitative approach and a survey research strategy, guided by a conceptual model. A survey questionnaire was designed as the primary source of data collection. The respondents comprised students who were enrolled for Information Systems and Technology (IT) courses at a higher education institution. The main factors that were identified as significant predictors of computer programming performance were Problem-Solving Ability and Self-Efficacy. The findings contribute to enhancing computer programming pedagogy, which could lead to enhanced student performance in assessment, and validation of the conceptual model. Categories · Social & programming topics ~ Professional topics · Computing Education ~ Computer science education/Information Technology/Information systems

Abstract This paper presents the design, implementation, and validation of a deposition system for a ferromagnetic pheromone. The project originates from the necessity of a bio-inspired communication method, like pheromones, on a swarm of mobile robots. This was desired to achieve a collective behavior due to the interaction of several robots. The designed system was able to deposit pheromone drops of 6mm in diameter, with a 1.5% error and a magnetization time of 30 minutes, by using a Robotino robot.

Resumen En este artículo se muestra el diseño, la implementación y validación de un sistema de deposición de una feromona ferromagnética. El trabajo surge de la necesidad de implementar un método de comunicación bio inspirado, como lo son las feromonas, en un enjambre de robots móviles. Esto para lograr un comportamiento colectivo coordinado por medio de la interacción entre diversos robots. El sistema diseñado logra la deposición de gotas de feromona de 6mm de diámetro con un error del 1.5% y con un tiempo de magnetización de hasta 30 minutos, a través de un robot denominado Robotino.

RESUMEN La investigación propone un laboratorio virtual y las tareas docentes que relaciona la biomecánica con la actividad física y deportiva en la Universidad de Cienfuegos. El “Proyecto Hypathia” se propone transformar los procesos sustantivos de la Universidad de Cienfuegos en los campos en los que se integran las Ciencias-Tecnología-Ingeniería-Matemáticas, pero sesgados por una participación escasa, asistemática de las relaciones interdisciplinarias que abarcan las nuevas tecnologías e incursionan en los simuladores, la robótica manifestaciones del arte que se suman como propuesta creativa en los procesos de investigación, formación de profesionales y de extensión universitaria. Se propone un laboratorio virtual y las tareas docentes que relaciona la biomecánica con la actividad física y deportiva en la Universidad de Cienfuegos. Los resultados logrados en la investigación en gran medida fueron posibles por la implementación de diversos métodos y técnicas de investigación los cuales posibilitaron la fundamentación del tema y la valoración del diseño empleado. La implementación de tareas docentes con enfoque STEAM permitió evaluar el proceso y sus resultados desde la práctica educativa en los estudiantes de segundo año de la facultad de Ciencias de la Cultura Física y el deporte de Cienfuegos.

ABSTRACT The research proposes a virtual laboratory and teaching tasks that relate biomechanics with physical and sports activity at the University of Cienfuegos. The “Hypathia Project” aims to transform the substantive processes of the University of Cienfuegos in the fields in which Sciences-Technology-Engineering-Mathematics are integrated, but biased by a scarce, unsystematic participation in the interdisciplinary relationships that encompass new technologies. and they venture into simulators, robotics, art manifestations that add as a creative proposal to the research processes, training of professionals and university extension. A virtual laboratory and teaching tasks that relate biomechanics with physical and sports activity at the University of Cienfuegos are proposed. The results achieved in the research were largely possible due to the implementation of various research methods and techniques which made it possible to substantiate the topic and evaluate the design used. The implementation of teaching tasks with a STEAM approach allowed the evaluation of the process and its results from educational practice in the second-year students of the Faculty of Physical Culture and Sports Sciences of Cienfuegos.

ABSTRACT This work presents a strategy to improve the control of robot manipulators actuated by servomotors controlled in position. The improvement consisted on using artificial vision in order to implement a second control loop that guarantees the joint position tracking of the desired values. The visual feedback algorithm is robust upon rotations and translations of the camera, which is its main advantage against other similar approaches reported in the literature. The proposed technique was tested on a 3 DOF robot with position actuators, to which different desired joint positions were commanded and regulated through a PID controller. The experiments were performed with different rotation angles of the camera, obtaining successful results by reducing the joint position errors with respect to the position regulation without visual feedback.

RESUMEN Este trabajo presenta una estrategia para mejorar el control de robots manipuladores actuados por servomotores controlados en posición. La mejora consiste en utilizar visión artificial para implementar una segunda malla de control y así garantizar que las articulaciones alcancen los valores deseados. El algoritmo de realimentación visual es robusto ante rotaciones y traslaciones de la cámara, lo cual es su principal ventaja contra otras técnicas similares reportadas en la literatura. La técnica propuesta se probó en un robot de 3 GDL con actuadores de posición, al cual se le comandaron diferentes posiciones deseadas de las articulaciones, mismas que se regularon con un controlador PID. Los experimentos se realizaron con la cámara rotada en diferentes ángulos, obteniendo resultados satisfactorios al reducir los errores de las posiciones articulares con respecto a la regulación de posición sin realimentación visual.

Abstract Efficient invasive weed management is critical to maintain the balance between biodiversity, production and agricultural sustainability. Invasive plants may cause significant yield losses in crops and their control entails a high cost in pesticide products, in addition to the ecological damage they generate. Advances in robotics, digital agriculture, artificial intelligence, etc, allow the inputs’ optimization (e.g. pesticides) through timely and site-specific treatments tailored to the real crop needs, aligned with the principles of precision agriculture. Amaranthus palmeri has been recently detected in Spanish crop fields. It is an extremely competitive species, with a high fertility rate and skilled at developing herbicide-resistant biotypes, which poses a serious threat to Spanish agriculture. Therefore, a digital agriculture tool -called DIGINVASIVE- is being designed for mapping and monitoring of A. palmeri in crops, which consists of an open-source web-based interface system using innovative digital technologies such as drone imagery, Geographic Information Systems, Information and Communication Technologies and powerful Artificial Intelligence algorithms. This interactive tool will allow users to establish suitable prevention and eradication measures to address the control of A. palmeri in agricultural environments.

Resumen La gestión eficiente de las malas hierbas invasoras es fundamental para mantener el equilibrio entre biodiversidad, producción y sostenibilidad agrícola. Esto se debe a que las malas hierbas invasoras pueden causar pérdidas significativas de rendimiento en los cultivos y su control supone un elevado coste en productos fitosanitarios, además de los daños ecológicos que generan. Los avances en robótica, digitalización, inteligencia artificial, etc., permiten la optimización de los recursos empleados (e.g. fitosanitarios) mediante la aplicación de tratamientos localizados y ajustados a las necesidades reales del cultivo siguiendo los principios de la agricultura de precisión. Recientemente se ha confirmado la presencia de la planta invasora Amaranthus palmeri en parcelas agrícolas en España. Esta especie es altamente competitiva, presenta una elevada tasa de fecundidad y la capacidad para desarrollar biotipos resistentes a los herbicidas, convirtiéndola en una de las especies exóticas con mayor amenaza para la agricultura española. Para ello, se ha desarrollado una herramienta de agricultura digital -denominada DIGINVASIVE- para el mapeo y seguimiento de A. palmeri en campos agrícolas, consistentes en un servidor de cartografía digital web de código abierto que utiliza tecnologías digitales innovadoras como imágenes de dron, Sistemas de Información Geográfica, Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación y potentes algoritmos de Inteligencia Artificial. Esta herramienta interactiva permitirá a los usuarios establecer las medidas de prevención y erradicación necesarias para abordar el control de A. palmeri en escenarios agrícolas.

The sanctity of the doctor-patient relationship is deeply embedded in tradition - the Hippocratic oath, medical ethics, professional codes of conduct, and legislation - all of which are being disrupted by big data and 'artificial' intelligence (AI). The transition from paper-based records to electronic health records, wearables, mobile health applications and mobile phone data has created new opportunities to scale up data collection. Databases of unimaginable magnitude can be harnessed to develop algorithms for AI and to refine machine learning. Complex neural networks now lie at the core of ubiquitous AI systems in healthcare. A transformed healthcare environment enhanced by innovation, robotics, digital technology, and improved diagnostics and therapeutics is plagued by ethical, legal and social challenges. Global guidelines are emerging to ensure governance in AI, but many low- and middle-income countries have yet to develop context-specific frameworks. Legislation must be developed to frame liability and account for negligence due to robotics in the same way human healthcare providers are held accountable. The digital divide between high- and low-income settings is significant and has the potential to exacerbate health inequities globally.

Abstract: We have conducted a theoretical and bibliographical study to investigate interdisciplinary aspects in dissertations and theses on Educational Robotics (ER) involving actions with students of regular schools of public Basic Education. Our focus was on interdisciplinarity in Mathematics Education and its intersections with other fields of knowledge. The study entailed an interpretative-phenomenological analysis of selected research excerpts to explain the relationship between knowledge and interdisciplinary aspects. The findings emphasize the potential and interdisciplinary nature of educational robotics, teaching approaches, and pedagogical strategies. The study identified possibilities for ER to promote practices that transcend isolated knowledge, particularly in Mathematics Education. The results also highlight the potential for integrating different disciplines in public education towards systemic learning. Abstract (ER interpretativephenomenological interpretative phenomenological robotics approaches strategies learning

Resumo: Este artigo apresenta um estudo teórico-bibliográfico que teve como objetivo investigar aspectos da interdisciplinaridade presentes em dissertações e teses que se voltam para a Robótica Educacional (RE) no desenvolvimento de ações com alunos da Educação Básica regular pública. Discute a interdisciplinaridade em seus aspectos epistemológicos no âmbito da Educação Matemática e de suas interfaces com outras áreas de conhecimento. Anuncia o estudo realizado que, por meio de uma análise interpretativo-fenomenológica de excertos das pesquisas selecionadas, buscou compreender como a interdisciplinaridade nelas se apresenta. Nos resultados, destacam-se características e potencialidades interdisciplinares da RE; abordagens de ensino atreladas; e caminhos para o trabalho pedagógico. Evidenciam-se possibilidades da RE na promoção de práticas que visem transcender o conhecimento compartimentado, em especial no campo da Educação Matemática, destacando a abertura para a integração das disciplinas nos espaços públicos de ensino, em direção a uma aprendizagem sistêmica na qual os saberes dialoguem. Resumo teóricobibliográfico teórico bibliográfico (RE pública interpretativofenomenológica interpretativo fenomenológica selecionadas resultados destacamse destacam atreladas pedagógico Evidenciamse Evidenciam compartimentado dialoguem

Resumen Investigaciones académicas sobre Inteligencia Artificial (IA) aún son incipientes en las investigaciones en Turismo realizadas en Brasil. La literatura científica de Turismo identifica la difusión del uso de la IA en diversas aplicaciones de mercado, como para la previsión de demanda, análisis de Big Data, automatización y robótica en la hotelería. Sin embargo, el uso de la IA para investigación científica en Turismo es un tema poco explorado de acuerdo con las búsquedas realizadas en el Portal de Revistas de la Capes que reúne las bases de datos para el Turismo. El objetivo del estudio es comprender lo que representa el uso de la IA para la investigación científica investigando la percepción de los estudiantes de los programas de posgrado en Turismo a nivel de doctorado. Metodológicamente, se constituye un estudio de naturaleza cualitativa con soporte en la investigación empírica, en el que se realizaron 31 entrevistas estructuradas con posgraduados en eventos académicos y remotamente, respaldado por el análisis de contenido. Se utilizó como criterio el método de muestreo no probabilístico de bola de nieve teniendo en cuenta el alcance de saturación de los datos. Los resultados ratifican los beneficios de estimular la creatividad y la imaginación, y el ahorro de tiempo y esfuerzo en investigaciones científicas, identifican las principales herramientas utilizadas para la investigación, demuestran sugerencias para el uso ético y responsable de la IA en la investigación. y evidencian que la investigación científica es una de las áreas más sensibles para la adopción de la IA, en que criterio y rigor son indispensables. Se evidenció el factor aprensión en relación a la academia sobre el uso ético y responsable de esos mecanismos, además de la incipiencia de debate científico en el campo del Turismo y regulación sobre el tema. Se sugiere que estudios futuros mapeen las implicaciones legales del uso de la IA en investigaciones y expandan la investigación con posgraduados de Estados Unidos y Europa a fin de comparar el nivel de uso de esas herramientas en relación a Brasil. (IA Brasil mercado demanda Data hotelería embargo doctorado Metodológicamente empírica 3 remotamente contenido imaginación científicas indispensables mecanismos

Abstract Academic research on Artificial Intelligence (AI) remains incipient in the context of tourism studies in Brazil. The scientific literature in tourism acknowledges the widespread adoption of AI across various market applications, such as demand forecasting, big data analysis, and automation and robotics in the hotel industry. However, the application of AI specifically for scientific research in tourism is an underexplored theme, as evidenced by searches conducted on Capes Periodicals Portal, which aggregates relevant databases to tourism. The objective of this study is to comprehend the implications of employing AI in scientific research by investigating the perceptions of doctoral-level postgraduate students in tourism programs. Methodologically, it constitutes a qualitative study supported by empirical research, involving 31 structured interviews with postgraduate students conducted at academic events and remotely, guided by content analysis. The non-probabilistic snowball sampling method was employed, with data saturation as the criterion. The findings validate the benefits of stimulating creativity and imagination, as well as the efficiency gains in time and effort allocation for scientific investigations. They identify the primary tools employed in research, offer suggestions for the ethical and responsible use of AI in research, and highlight the nuanced nature of scientific research as a particularly sensitive domain for the integration of AI, where criteria and rigor are indispensable. Apprehensions within the academic community regarding the ethical and responsible use of AI are highlighted, emphasizing the incipient stage of scientific discourse and regulation in the field of tourism. Future studies are suggested to map the legal implications of AI use in research and to expand the research scope by including postgraduate students from the United States and Europe, facilitating a comparative analysis of the utilization of these tools in comparison to Brazil. (AI Brazil applications forecasting industry However theme Portal doctorallevel doctoral level programs Methodologically 3 remotely nonprobabilistic non probabilistic criterion imagination investigations indispensable highlighted Europe

Resumo Pesquisas acadêmicas sobre Inteligência Artificial (IA) ainda são incipientes nas pesquisas em Turismo realizadas no Brasil. A literatura científica de Turismo identifica a difusão do uso da IA em diversas aplicações de mercado, como para a previsão de demanda, análise de Big Data, automação e robótica na hotelaria. No entanto, o uso da IA para pesquisa científica em Turismo é um tema pouco explorado de acordo com as buscas realizadas no Portal de Periódicos da Capes que reúne as bases de dados para o Turismo. O objetivo do estudo é compreender o que representa o uso da IA para pesquisa científica investigando a percepção de discentes de programas de pós-graduação em Turismo em nível de doutorado. Metodologicamente, constitui-se um estudo de natureza qualitativa com suporte na pesquisa empírica, em que se realizou 31 entrevistas estruturadas com pós-graduandos em eventos acadêmicos e remotamente, respaldado pela análise de conteúdo. Utilizou-se o método de amostragem não-probabilístico bola de neve considerando o alcance de saturação dos dados como critério. Os resultados ratificam os benefícios de estímulo da criatividade e da imaginação, e economia de tempo e esforço em investigações científicas, identificam as principais ferramentas utilizadas para pesquisa, demonstram sugestões para o uso ético e responsável da IA na pesquisa. e evidenciam que a pesquisa científica é uma das áreas mais sensíveis para a adoção da IA, em que critério e rigor são indispensáveis. Evidenciou-se o fator apreensão em relação à academia sobre o uso ético e responsável desses mecanismos, além da incipiência de debate científico no campo do Turismo e regulamentação sobre o tema. Sugere-se que estudos futuros mapeiem as implicações legais do uso da IA em pesquisas e expandam a pesquisa com pós-graduandos dos Estados Unidos e Europa a fim de comparar o nível de uso dessas ferramentas em relação ao Brasil. (IA Brasil mercado demanda Data hotelaria entanto pósgraduação pós graduação doutorado Metodologicamente constituise constitui empírica 3 pósgraduandos graduandos remotamente conteúdo Utilizouse Utilizou nãoprobabilístico não probabilístico imaginação científicas indispensáveis Evidenciouse Evidenciou mecanismos Sugerese Sugere

Resumo Antecedentes Os distúrbios da marcha são sintomas prevalentes e debilitantes, diminuindo muito a mobilidade e a qualidade de vida dos indivíduos com doença de Parkinson (DP). Embora os tratamentos tradicionais ofereçam alívio parcial, há um interesse crescente em intervenções alternativas para enfrentar esse desafio. Recentemente, um aumento notável no desenvolvimento de tecnologia assistida (TA) foi testemunhado para ajudar indivíduos com DP. Objetivo Explorar o cenário crescente de intervenções de TA adaptadas para aliviar deficiências de marcha relacionadas à DP e descrever as pesquisas atuais para esse fim. Métodos Nessa revisão, pesquisamos artigos em inglês publicados no PubMed de 2018 a 2023. Além disso, os resumos de cada trabalho foram lidos para assegurar a sua inclusão. Quatro pesquisadores buscaram independentemente os artigos de acordo com os critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Resultados Incluímos trabalhos que preencheram os critérios de inclusão. Identificamos as tendências em tecnologia assistiva na análise dos parâmetros da marcha em DP. Esses compreendem os sensores portáteis, análise da marcha, retroalimentação em tempo real e técnicas de pista, realidade virtual e robótica. Conclusão Essa revisão é um recurso para orientar pesquisas futuras, informar decisões clínicas e promover a colaboração entre pesquisadores, médicos e formuladores de políticas. Ao delinear os contornos deste campo em rápida evolução, pretende inspirar mais inovação, melhorando em última análise a vida dos pacientes com DP através de intervenções mais eficazes e personalizadas. debilitantes . (DP) parcial desafio Recentemente (TA fim 201 2023 disso exclusão portáteis pista robótica futuras políticas evolução inovação personalizadas (DP 20 202 2

Abstract Background Gait disturbances are prevalent and debilitating symptoms, diminishing mobility and quality of life for Parkinson's disease (PD) individuals. While traditional treatments offer partial relief, there is a growing interest in alternative interventions to address this challenge. Recently, a remarkable surge in assisted technology (AT) development was witnessed to aid individuals with PD. Objective To explore the burgeoning landscape of AT interventions tailored to alleviate PD-related gait impairments and describe current research related to such aim. Methods In this review, we searched on PubMed for papers published in English (2018-2023). Additionally, the abstract of each study was read to ensure inclusion. Four researchers searched independently, including studies according to our inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results We included studies that met all inclusion criteria. We identified key trends in assistive technology of gait parameters analysis in PD. These encompass wearable sensors, gait analysis, real-time feedback and cueing techniques, virtual reality, and robotics. Conclusion This review provides a resource for guiding future research, informing clinical decisions, and fostering collaboration among researchers, clinicians, and policymakers. By delineating this rapidly evolving field's contours, it aims to inspire further innovation, ultimately improving the lives of PD patients through more effective and personalized interventions. symptoms Parkinsons Parkinson s (PD relief challenge Recently (AT PDrelated aim 20182023. 20182023 2018 2023 . (2018-2023) Additionally independently criteria sensors realtime real time techniques reality robotics decisions clinicians policymakers fields field contours innovation 2018202 201 202 (2018-2023 201820 20 (2018-202 20182 2 (2018-20 (2018-2 (2018- (2018 (201 (20 (2 (

ABSTRACT Objective This work aims to review the existing use of robotics in plastic surgery. Methods A meticulous selection process identified 22 articles relevant to this scoping review. Results The literature on the use of robotics in plastic surgery is sparse. Nonetheless, this review highlights emerging benefits in microsurgery, breast reconstruction, and transoral surgery. Conclusion This scoping review identifies critical articles reporting the emerging use of robotics in plastic surgery. While the scientific medical community has yet to extensively document its use, the available evidence suggests a promising future for robotics in this field. 2 sparse Nonetheless microsurgery reconstruction field

Integrating the Coding & Robotics (C) subject in South African schools signifies the nation's commitment to Fourth Industrial Revolution preparedness. However, challenges like inadequate teacher preparation and limited technological infrastructure must be addressed to ensure equity. Although Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) may not address the infrastructural deficiencies directly, in this scoping review we examine its potential to complement existing resources and support teachers in delivering C instruction. Following Arksey and O'Malley's framework, we conducted a systematic literature search in numerous databases, followed by a screening procedure: 10 of the 61 eligible papers satisfied the inclusion criteria. Our findings reveal that GenAI can optimise C teacher development through personalised learning, content generation, feedback on teaching methods, and fostering collaboration with other teachers. Despite its potential, issues including equity, ethical concerns, technological fluency gaps, and overreliance on GenAI tools, must be navigated to enhance equitable C instruction and prepare learners for the digital era.

Resumen La robótica es una asignatura exigente en la enseñanza superior. Es necesario actualizar las metodologías de aprendizaje para hacer uso de las nuevas tecnologías. Este trabajo presenta una nueva metodología para la enseñanza de la programación de robótica industrial utilizando una interfaz visual que se ejecuta en dispositivos Android, denominada Hammer. Esta herramienta permite controlar y programar robots a través de un entorno visual basado en el concepto Scratch. Gracias a ella, los alumnos pueden ver la parte práctica de los conceptos teóricos aprendidos en clase y, al mismo tiempo, probar y generar tareas y trayectorias para robots industriales mientras aprenden los fundamentos de la programación de robots. Los alumnos no necesitan conocimientos sobre el lenguaje de programación del robot de destino, pero sí conocimientos básicos de Robótica. Esta herramienta se ha probado en este artículo a través de cuatro diferentes ejercicios prácticos guiados. Todos los ejercicios se han validado mediante encuestas y los resultados se presentan y discuten en el artículo.

Abstract Robotics is a demanding subject in higher education. Learning methodologies need to be updated to make use of the new technologies. This paper presents a new methodology for teaching industrial robotics programming using a visual interface running on Android devices, called Hammer. This tool allows the control and programming of robots via a visual environment based on the Scratch concept. Thanks to it, students can see the practical part of theoretical concepts learned in class and, at the same time, test and generate tasks and paths for industrial robots while learning the basics of robot programming. Students don’t need to have any knowledge about the target robot programming language, but a basic knowledge of Robotics. This tool has been tested in this paper through four different guided practical exercises. All exercises have been validated through surveys and the results are presented and discussed in the paper.

Resumo Introdução. As organizações nacionais e internacionais competentes em educação destacam a importância de desenvolver estratégias de ensino-aprendizagem nas salas de aula que normalizem a utilização das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação num mundo globalizado. Por esta razão, a programação e a robótica foram introduzidas nas salas de aula espanholas desde a educação infantil até ao ensino superior como forma de contribuir para o pensamento computacional e outras abordagens como a construção STEAM, na qual as artes e as ciências convergem. Objetivo. Apresentar um programa de atividades musicais para a educação infantil com o qual se pretende contribuir para o Pensamento Computacional desconectado e a linguagem de programação e sua relevância em salas de aula de crianças de 3 anos de idade. Método. Por meio de um estudo qualitativo, apresentamos uma proposta didáctica, com actividades musicais para o desenvolvimento do pensamento e da linguagem computacional, implementada durante o ano lectivo de 2021-2022 em duas salas de aula de crianças 3 anos numa escola da Comunidade de Madrid, Espanha. Os participantes eram 38 estudantes e os dois tutores destas salas de aula. Esses dois profissionais coletaram informações sobre as categorias analisadas, bem como sobre os itens de avaliação das crianças por meio de observação participante e posterior registro. Resultados. Os resultados mostram um desenvolvimento positivo na alfabetização em programação e robótica, bem como uma melhoria nas capacidades de raciocínio espacial, progresso no pensamento lógico, bem como no controlo motor dos membros inferiores, e destreza oculo-manual. Conclusões. Isso mostra a necessidade de realizar atividades de programação e robótica em contextos e situações de aprendizagem em salas de aula infantis para o desenvolvimento do pensamento computacional, bem como trabalho interdisciplinar em todas as áreas desta fase.

Resumen Introducción. Los organismos nacionales e internacionales competentes en materia educativa señalan la importancia del desarrollo de estrategias de enseñanza-aprendizaje que normalicen, en las aulas, el uso de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación en un mundo globalizado. Por este motivo, la programación y la robótica, se han instaurado en las aulas desde la educación infantil hasta la educación superior como medio para la contribución del pensamiento computacional y otros enfoques como el constructo STEAM, donde las artes y las ciencias convergen. Objetivo. Presentar el desarrollo de un programa de actividades musicales para la educación infantil con el cual contribuir al pensamiento computacional desenchufado y el lenguaje de la programación, así como su pertinencia en las aulas de 3 años. Método. A través de un estudio de corte cualitativo, se muestra el proceso de diseño e implementación de una propuesta didáctica con actividades musicales para el desarrollo del pensamiento y lenguaje computacional implementada durante el curso escolar 2021-2022 en dos aulas de niñez de 3 años de un centro de la Comunidad de Madrid (España). Las personas participantes han sido 38 estudiantes, así como el maestro y la maestra tutores de estas aulas. Estos dos profesionales, recopilaron la información de las categorías analizadas, así como de los ítems de evaluación de los niños y niñas a través de la observación participante y su posterior registro. Resultados. Los resultados muestran un desarrollo positivo en la alfabetización de la programación y la robótica, así como una mejora en las habilidades de razonamiento espacial, progreso en el pensamiento lógico; asimismo un control motriz de extremidades inferiores, y de las destrezas visomotoras. Conclusiones. Se muestra la necesidad de realizar actividades de programación y robótica en contextos y situaciones de aprendizaje de las aulas de infantil para el desarrollo del pensamiento computacional, así como un trabajo interdisciplinar de todas las áreas de esta etapa.

Abstract Introduction. National and international educational bodies emphasize the importance of developing teaching-learning strategies in classrooms that standardize the use of Information and Communication Technologies in a globalized world. For this reason, programming and robotics have been introduced in classrooms in Spain from early childhood education to higher education as a means of contributing to computational thinking and other approaches such as the STEAM construct in which the arts and sciences converge. Objective. This paper aims to present a program of musical activities for early childhood education with which to contribute to unplugged computational thinking and the language of programming and its relevance in 3-year-old classrooms. Method. This qualitative study presents a didactic proposal with musical activities to develop computational language. These activities were conducted during the 2021-2022 school year in two 3-year-old classrooms in a school in the Community of Madrid, Spain. The participants were 38 students and the two tutors of these classrooms. These two professionals collected information on the categories analyzed and the children’s evaluation items through participant observation and subsequent recordings. Results. The results show a positive development in literacy in programming and robotics, as well as an improvement in spatial reasoning skills, progress in logical thinking, lower limbs motor control, and oculo-manual dexterity. Conclusions. There exists the need to perform programming and robotics activities in contexts and learning situations in pre-school classrooms for the development of computational thinking and interdisciplinary work in all areas of this stage.

Robotic subsea dredging crawlers are dynamically and remotely controlled vehicles that are used for deep sea mining and recovery operations. These exploration machines are released from a mother ship and move around on the ocean floor using tracks. Current ocean crawlers such as the MK3 ROST are hydraulically powered. In this paper we develop a scaled-down model for simulating and performing static loading analysis of an electrically powered robotic subsea dredging crawler (EPRSDC). The modeling, simulation, and analysis were carried out using modelling software from Solidworks. The structural frame was assembled using the Tetrix max robotics kit. The kit's structural components were produced from 1050 aircraft-grade aluminum. The results were used in optimizing and for considering other materials, and the to identify specific areas to be reinforced in future crawler designs.