Resumo: Este artigo examina o direito penal econômico brasileiro no contexto da sociedade de risco e à luz das teorias da Escola de Frankfurt. Analisa-se como a globalização e a interdependência econômica aumentam a complexidade dos crimes econômicos e como os conceitos críticos da Escola de Frankfurt, como racionalidade instrumental, alienação e dominação, podem ser aplicados para uma compreensão mais profunda desses crimes. O estudo inclui uma revisão bibliográfica, análise crítica e estudos de caso, com o objetivo de explorar as estruturas de poder que influenciam a regulação e a prática do direito penal econômico. Além disso, discute-se as perspectivas futuras e os desafios enfrentados pela legislação penal econômica em um mundo globalizado e interconectado.

Resumen: Este artículo examina el derecho penal económico brasileño en el contexto de la sociedad del riesgo y a la luz de las teorías de la Escuela de Frankfurt. Analiza cómo la globalización y la interdependencia económica aumentan la complejidad de los delitos económicos y cómo los conceptos críticos de la Escuela de Frankfurt, como la racionalidad instrumental, la alienación y la dominación, pueden aplicarse a una comprensión más profunda de estos delitos. El estudio incluye una revisión bibliográfica, un análisis crítico y estudios de casos con el objetivo de explorar las estructuras de poder que influyen en la regulación y la práctica del derecho penal económico. También analiza las perspectivas de futuro y los retos a los que se enfrenta el derecho penal económico en un mundo globalizado e interconectado.

Abstract: This article examines Brazilian economic criminal law within the context of the risk society, viewed through the theoretical framework of the Frankfurt School. It explores how globalization and economic interdependence increase the complexity of economic crimes, and how key Frankfurt School concepts -such as instrumental rationality, alienation, and domination- can be applied to gain a deeper understanding of these crimes. The study includes a literature review, critical analysis, and case studies to explore the power structures influencing the regulation and practice of economic criminal law. It also considers future perspectives and the challenges facing economic criminal law in an increasingly globalized and interconnected world.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), in which microbes adapt to and resist current therapies, is a well-recognised global problem that threatens to reverse gains made by modern medicine in the last decades. AMR is a complex issue; however, at its core, it is driven by the overuse and inappropriate use of antimicrobials. Socioeconomic factors have been identified as significant contributors to the emergence and exacerbation of AMR, especially in populations facing inadequate access to healthcare, poor sanitation services and high morbidity and mortality rates. Weak healthcare systems and water, sanitation and hygiene have been highlighted as fundamental risk factors for AMR emergence and transmission. Behavioural factors, such as purchasing antibiotics without a prescription from a registered healthcare professional, not completing the prescribed course or overly prolonged courses of antibiotics, using antibiotics to treat viral infections, lack of access to quality antibiotics, and the proliferation of substandard or falsified (SF) drugs, have also been identified as significant contributors to AMR. Low- and middle-income countries have a higher incidence of antibiotics being dispensed without a prescription than higher-income countries.

Abstract Parvovirus B19 congenital infection is vertically transmitted after maternal infection. Fetal disease may be serious with anemia, hydrops or death. An IUT may be indicated. It has been described a great increase in number and severity in Europe and USA in 2023-2024. In our Centre we have also noticed this situation which correlates with a much higher number of IUT performed. So, it’s from the uttermost importance to alert health professionals to identify and counsel high risk pregnant women in order to promote primary prevention and early detection of the maternal/fetal infection allowing a quick referral to specialized centres.

Resumo A infeção congénita por PB19 ocorre por transmissão vertical após infeção materna. O efeito fetal pode ser grave com anemia, hidrópsia ou morte e indicada a transfusão intrauterina (TIU). Tem sido descrito um grande aumento da sua incidência e gravidade na Europa e EUA em 2023-2024. Também constatámos essa alteração que se traduziu num aumento do número de TIU realizadas em 2024 no nosso Centro. Pretendemos continuar a sensibilizar profissionais de saúde recomendando medidas que identifiquem grávidas em risco, promovendo a prevenção primária, a deteção precoce da infeção materna e fetal e uma rápida referenciação aos centros especializados.

Abstract: This study aims to identify and analyze the main research streams on digital safety and online privacy related to higher education students. Students are at risk of cybercrime, including online harassment, identity theft, and exposure to inappropriate content. A systematic literature review is conducted on digital security, cybersecurity, Internet security, online safety, and use of digital technologies. The results show that publications on digital security for higher education students have increased consistently during the last two decades. The main research streams are: digital risk and student perspectives, digital children, digital teenagers, online harassment, and digital behavior. In conclusion, this study provides a wide assessment on digital security for university students and highlights the importance of future research on improving awareness and safety on digital environments for teenagers.

Resumen: Este estudio tiene como objetivo identificar y analizar las principales corrientes de investigación en seguridad digital y privacidad en línea para estudiantes de educación superior. Los estudiantes están en riesgo de ser víctimas de ciberdelitos, como el acoso en línea, el robo de identidad y la exposición a contenido inapropiado. Se realiza una revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre seguridad digital, ciberseguridad, seguridad en Internet y uso de tecnologías digitales. Los resultados muestran que la producción científica sobre seguridad digital en estudiantes de educación superior ha experimentado un crecimiento sostenido durante las últimas dos décadas. Las corrientes de investigación más destacadas son: riesgo digital y perspectivas estudiantiles, digital children, jóvenes digitales, ciberacoso y comportamiento digital. En conclusión, se proporciona una visión amplia sobre la seguridad digital en estudiantes universitarios y se destaca la importancia de futuras investigaciones para mejorar la conciencia y protección de los jóvenes en el entorno digital.

Healthcare firms need to develop cybersecurity learning mechanisms to respond faster and more proactively to a rapidly changing cybersecurity threat landscape. Many healthcare firms lack the necessary cybersecurity learning capabilities to address ever-changing and unpredictable cyberthreats effectively. In this case study, we investigate the challenges faced by a major South African healthcare software services firm that offers software as a service (SaaS) solutions. We analyse the inertial forces that impede the firm's cybersecurity learning capabilities by integrating concepts from dynamic cybersecurity learning capability (DCLC) and IS-enabled organisational learning perspectives. Furthermore, we identify strategic and operational level inertial forces through interviews with the organisation's experts and examination of cybersecurity documents. We then present actionable recommendations for industry practitioners to overcome these inertial forces and strengthen their cybersecurity learning capabilities. Our suggested interventions include implementing proactive leadership structures, enhancing user learning capabilities, and adopting novel risk management approaches. Additionally, we propose further directions for scholars to research the impact of inertial forces on dynamic cybersecurity learning capabilities in healthcare firms. Categories · CCS ~ Security and Privacy, Human and societal aspects of security and data privacy, Privacy

ABSTRACT Background: The treatment of low-risk differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is still a matter of debate. Over the past few decades, there has been a shift towards a more personalized approach, tailored to the individual risks of each patient and tumor. The current practice guidelines recommend lobectomy in selected patients, with low risk of recurrence. Objective: To describe the results of thyroid lobectomy in a cohort of patients with DTC with low risk of recurrence. Material and methods: We conducted a descriptive and observational study. The medical records of patients with DTC who underwent thyroid lobectomy between January 2015 and April 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. Results: A total of 114 patients were operated on; mean age was 44 ± 12 years and 90 (79%) were women. The median tumor size was 9.4 mm (IQR 25-75% 7-13 mm), and 103 nodules (90%) were solid on ultrasound. Only 2 patients with vascular invasion involving > 4 vessels required completion thyroidectomy. There were no major complications and only one patient developed temporary recurrent laryngeal palsy. There were no locoregional or distant recurrences during mean follow-up of 33.4 months. Conclusion: Thyroid lobectomy for low-risk DTC had low morbidity and no recurrences in the series presented. The rigorous selection of patients and the interaction of a multidisciplinary team are considered essential for the successful implementation of this therapeutic approach.

RESUMEN Antecedentes: el tratamiento del carcinoma diferenciado de tiroides (CDT) de bajo riesgo es aún motivo de discusión. En las últimas décadas se observó una migración hacia tratamientos personalizados acordes con las características de cada paciente y de cada tumor. Las guías de práctica vigentes habilitan la lobectomía en pacientes seleccionados, con bajo riesgo de recurrencia. Objetivo: describir los resultados en una cohorte de pacientes con CDT de bajo riesgo de recurrencia tratados con lobectomía tiroidea. Material y métodos: estudio observacional descriptivo de una revisión retrospectiva de historias clínicas de 114 pacientes con CDT tratados con lobectomía tiroidea entre enero de 2015 y abril de 2023. Resultados: fueron operados 114 pacientes, con media de edad de 44 años ± 12; 90 (79%) fueron mujeres. La mediana del tamaño tumoral fue de 9,4 mm, RIC (rango intercuartílico 25-75% 7-13 mm), y 103 de los nódulos (90%) fueron ecográficamente sólidos. Solo 2 pacientes con invasión vascular mayor de 4 vasos requirieron completar la tiroidectomía total. No se registraron complicaciones de importancia, salvo una parálisis recurrencial transitoria. Con un seguimiento promedio de 33,4 meses, no se observaron recurrencias locorregionales ni a distancia en la población analizada. Conclusión: la lobectomía tiroidea en el tratamiento del CDT de bajo riesgo tuvo una baja morbilidad sin recurrencias en la serie presentada. La selección rigurosa de los pacientes y la interacción de un equipo multidisciplinario se consideran esenciales para la implementación exitosa de esta metodología terapéutica.

BACKGROUND. Prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV helps in closing the gaps for new HIV infections, thereby contributing to achieving the global targets of an AIDS-free generation. OBJECTIVE. To explore knowledge regarding PMTCT among pregnant women in Gert Sibande District, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa (SA). METHODS. The study was performed in two clinics in Chief Albert Luthuli Municipality, Gert Sibande District. It was a qualitative and descriptive exploratory study involving in-depth, one-on-one interviews with pregnant women regarding their PMTCT knowledge and perspectives. RESULTS. The study findings showed that pregnant women from the two clinics have a good knowledge of PMTCT. However, they were not aware that caesarean section can minimise mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV infection. CONCLUSION. PMTCT is important in establishing an HIV-free generation. The study revealed that women had a good understanding of MTCT; nevertheless, additional education is necessary, particularly regarding birthing procedures that minimise the risk of MTCT.

Abstract Overview and Aims: Delayed motherhood is a reality today, especially for women with higher levels of education. Elective oocyte cryopreservation reduces the risk of future infertility. Despite increasing discussions in the media and social networks, most women are not adequately informed about the fertility decline associated with age and the associated risk factors. The aim of our study was to access the knowledge and attitudes regarding motherhood, fertility, and elective oocyte cryopreservation among young female university students in Portugal. Study Design: Observational and descriptive study. Population: Female college students. Methods: Data were collected through an online Google Forms® survey during August and September 2023. Results: A total of 266 female students were included in the study, with an average age of 22.46 years (±4.2). When asked about their willingness to have children in the future, 65% (n=173) of participants responded “yes”, 24.8% (n=66) “maybe”, and 10.2% (n=27) “no”. The main reasons cited for “no” and “maybe” responses were career prioritization (68.8%), fear of childbirth (45.2%), fear of motherhood (43%) or socioeconomic issues (40%). Approximately 53.6% (n=121) of participants wished to have children after the age of 30 years. Concerns about future fertility were present in 69.2% (n=184) of participants, and 72.9% (n=194) were familiar with the concept of ovarian reserve, while 82.7% (n=220) were aware of fertility preservation methods. When asked about the possibility of opting for elective oocyte cryopreservation, only 14.3% (n=38) ruled out this possibility. Most young women (87,2%, n=232) wished to be more informed about the topic, and 87.6% (n=233) would like to discuss the issue with their gynaecologist. Conclusions: The majority of students considered motherhood, however their professional career was highlighted as the main priority for the next 10 years. Knowledge about the ovarian reserve decline and the effectiveness of oocyte cryopreservation was not satisfactory.

Resumo Introdução e Objetivos: A maternidade tardia é hoje uma realidade, principalmente para mulheres com níveis de escolaridade superiores. A criopreservação eletiva de ovócitos permite diminuir o risco de infertilidade futura. A maioria das mulheres não está adequadamente informada sobre o declínio da fertilidade associado à idade nem sobre os fatores de risco associados. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o conhecimento e atitudes em relação à maternidade, fertilidade e à criopreservação eletiva de ovócitos das jovens universitárias em Portugal. Tipo de estudo: Estudo observacional e descritivo. População: Estudantes universitárias do sexo feminino. Metodologia: Dados recolhidos através de inquérito online Google Forms® realizado durante os meses de agosto e setembro de 2023. Resultados: Foram incluídas no estudo 266 estudantes do sexo feminino, com uma média de idade de 22,46 anos (± 4,2). Quando inquiridas quanto à vontade de terem filhos no futuro, 65% (n=173) das participantes respondeu “sim”, 24,8% (n=66) “talvez” e 10,2% (n=27) “não”. O principal motivo apontado para as respostas “não” e “talvez” foi a priorização da carreira (68,8%). Cerca de 53,6% (n=121) das participantes apenas desejam ter filhos a partir dos 30 anos. Para 69,2% (n=184) a fertilidade futura é uma preocupação, 72,9% (n=194) está familiarizada com o conceito de reserva ovárica e 82,7% (n=220) com a existência de métodos de preservação da fertilidade. Quando questionadas quanto à possibilidade de recorrer à criopreservação eletiva de ovócitos, apenas 14,3% (n=38) exclui essa possibilidade. A maioria das jovens (87,2%, n=232) gostaria de estar mais informada sobre a temática e 87,6% (n=233) gostaria de ver discutido o tema com o seu médico. Conclusões: A maioria das estudantes equaciona a maternidade, contudo a carreira profissional é destacada como principal prioridade para os próximos 10 anos. O conhecimento sobre declínio da reserva ovárica e eficácia da criopreservação de ovócitos está ainda aquém do desejado.

Abstract Fungal contamination is an important problem in cannabis and medical cannabis production, as fungi can produce toxic compounds or reduce the quality and safety of the product. The aim of this study was to perform a bibliometric evaluation related to fungal contamination in cannabis, analyzing current trends in this field and providing future perspectives for research. For this purpose, an exhaustive search was carried out in the scientific literature in electronic databases such as Scopus and Web of Science (WOS), covering the period from 2000 to 2023. The results obtained were processed through bibliometrics and network analysis, using tools such as RStudio and Bibliometrix software. The results revealed that the main themes associated with fungal contamination in cannabis are focused on: diseases related to fungal contamination of the plant, use of fungi as an alternative biological control in cannabis cultivation, metabolites associated with cannabis and their potential in fungal control, as well as fungal diversity in cannabis cultivation and postharvest and the risk to consumer health. Finally, future research areas are proposed to address the challenge of fungal contamination in medicinal cannabis production, covering topics such as pest control, contamination, genetic resistance, active compounds, analysis methods, and the impact of fungi on cannabis.

Resumo A contaminação fúngica é um problema importante na produção da cannabis e cannabis medicinal, pois os fungos podem produzir compostos tóxicos ou reduzir a qualidade e a segurança do produto. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma avaliação bibliométrica relacionada à contaminação fúngica na cannabis, analisando as tendências atuais nesse campo e fornecendo perspectivas futuras para a pesquisa. Para isso, foi realizada uma busca exaustiva na literatura científica em bases de dados eletrônicas como Scopus e Web of Science (WOS), abrangendo o período de 2000 a 2023. Os resultados obtidos foram processados por meio de bibliometria e análise de redes, utilizando ferramentas como o software RStudio e Bibliometrix. Os resultados revelaram que os principais temas associados à contaminação fúngica na cannabis estão focados em: doenças relacionadas à contaminação fúngica da planta, uso de fungos como alternativa de controle biológico no cultivo da cannabis, metabólitos associados à cannabis e seu potencial no controle de fungos, bem como a diversidade fúngica no cultivo e pós-colheita da cannabis e o risco à saúde dos consumidores. Por último, são sugeridas futuras áreas de pesquisa para enfrentar o desafio da contaminação fúngica na produção de cannabis medicinal, abordando temas como controle de pragas, contaminação, resistência genética, compostos ativos, métodos de análise e impacto dos fungos na cannabis.

Resumen El ámbito de la atención médica, impulsado por el crecimiento constante de datos relacionados con la salud humana y el curso en desarrollo de la transformación digital, está experimentando una notable evolución. En este estudio de carácter experimental, se llevó a cabo una comparativa de técnicas de Inteligencia Artificial, específicamente redes neuronales, Random Forest y árbol de decisión, con el propósito de evaluar su eficacia en el diagnóstico de enfermedades cardiovasculares. Esto se logró aprovechando datos clínicos disponibles en bases de datos de acceso abierto. La metodología se enfocó en la identificación de las variables más influyentes en el diagnóstico de enfermedades cardiovasculares mediante una revisión exhaustiva de la literatura. Luego, se determinaron las técnicas de Aprendizaje automático a emplear y se adquirió el conjunto de datos más apropiado para estas variables. Los resultados revelaron que las tres técnicas de Inteligencia Artificial demostraron un buen desempeño en el diagnóstico de enfermedades cardiovasculares. Es importante resaltar que el modelo basado en redes neuronales destacó con una precisión del 89%, consolidándose como una herramienta de gran relevancia para respaldar el diagnóstico oportuno de estas enfermedades. Estos hallazgos sugieren un posible impacto positivo en la práctica clínica y la atención médica futura al proporcionar a los profesionales de la salud un recurso valioso para tomar decisiones informadas en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de enfermedades cardiovasculares. En última instancia, esto podría mejorar la calidad de la atención y la vida de los pacientes. Este estudio refuerza la noción de que las técnicas de Aprendizaje automático desempeñan un rol fundamental en la transformación de la atención médica y la toma de decisiones clínicas en el ámbito de la salud, ofreciendo nuevas perspectivas para la prevención y el tratamiento de enfermedades cardiovasculares y otros trastornos médicos.

Abstract The field of healthcare, driven by the continuous growth of data related to human health and the ongoing course of digital transformation, is undergoing a significant evolution. In this experimental study, a comparison of Artificial Intelligence techniques, specifically neural networks, Random Forest, and decision tree, was conducted to evaluate their effectiveness in diagnosing cardiovascular diseases. This was achieved by leveraging clinical data available in open-access databases. The methodology focused on identifying the most influential variables in cardiovascular disease diagnosis through a comprehensive literature review. Subsequently, the Machine Learning techniques to be employed were determined, and the most suitable dataset for these variables was acquired. The results revealed that all three Artificial Intelligence techniques demonstrated good performance in diagnosing cardiovascular diseases. It is worth highlighting that the neural network-based model excelled with an accuracy of 89%, establishing itself as a highly relevant tool for supporting timely disease diagnosis. These findings suggest a potential positive impact on clinical practice and future healthcare by providing healthcare professionals with a valuable resource for making informed decisions in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Ultimately, this could enhance the quality of patient care and their overall well-being. This study reinforces the notion that Machine Learning techniques play a crucial role in transforming healthcare and clinical decision-making in the field of health, offering new perspectives for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases and other medical disorders.

ABSTRACT Carrying out a process of quality educational inclusion in today's societies constitutes a challenge that starts from fighting discriminatory ways of exclusion in different contexts and for dissimilar causes, in which risk factors concur in parallel, the lack of preparation of those involved in the search for solutions and the assimilation of the students before the aid. In this sense the article presents a study about the preparation of provincial education methodologists for the care of students in vulnerable situations from an inclusive approach. Theoretical methods such as historical-logical analysis, induction-deduction and analysis-synthesis were used in its elaboration; empirical methods such as documentary analysis, interview and observation of methodological activities; and statistical techniques such as percentage analysis. Among the main limitations found were the insufficiencies in the projection of inclusive socio-educational practices from the methodological work system of the Provincial Directorate of Education; currently, there is no harmoniously designed system that allows converting educational systems in response to the diversity of learners and making the right to education with equal opportunities truly practical, especially those who are sometimes excluded due to being in a situation of vulnerability. It was possible to conclude that methodologists play a fundamental role in directing the process of prevention, detection, stimulation, diagnosis/evaluation and early intervention of students with barriers to learning and social participation.

RESUMEN Llevar a cabo un proceso de inclusión educativa de calidad en las sociedades actuales constituye un reto que parte de pugnar maneras discriminatorias de exclusión en diferentes contextos y por disímiles causas, en las que concurren paralelamente los factores de riesgos, la falta de preparación de los implicados en la búsqueda de soluciones y la asimilación de los educandos ante la ayuda. En tal sentido, el artículo presenta un estudio acerca de la preparación de los metodólogos provinciales de educación para la atención a educandos en situación de vulnerabilidad desde un enfoque inclusivo. Se emplearon en su elaboración métodos teóricos como el análisis histórico-lógico, la inducción-deducción y el análisis-síntesis; métodos empíricos como el análisis documental, la entrevista y la observación a actividades metodológicas; y técnicas estadísticas como el análisis porcentual. Entre las principales limitaciones encontradas estuvieron las insuficiencias en la proyección de prácticas socioeducativas inclusivas desde el sistema de trabajo metodológico de la Dirección Provincial de Educación. Actualmente, no existe un sistema armónicamente diseñado que permita convertir los sistemas educativos en respuesta a la diversidad de educandos y hacer verdaderamente práctico el derecho a la educación con igualdad de oportunidades, en especial para aquellos que por estar en situación de vulnerabilidad en ocasiones son excluidos. Se pudo concluir que los metodólogos juegan un papel fundamental en la dirección del proceso de prevención, detección, estimulación, diagnóstico/evaluación e intervención temprana de educandos con barreras para el aprendizaje y la participación social.

RESUMO Levar a cabo um processo de inclusão educativa de qualidade nas sociedades atuais constitui um desafio que parte do combate às formas discriminatórias de exclusão em contextos diversos e por causas díspares, em que concorrem em paralelo fatores de risco, a falta de preparação dos envolvidos na procura de soluções e a assimilação dos alunos perante a ajuda. Nesse sentido, o artigo apresenta um estudo sobre a preparação de metodólogos provinciais de educação para a atenção de alunos em situação de vulnerabilidade a partir de um enfoque inclusivo. Métodos teóricos como análise histórico-lógica, indução-dedução e análise-síntese foram utilizados em sua elaboração; métodos empíricos como análise documental, entrevistas e observação de atividades metodológicas; e técnicas estatísticas, como análise de porcentagem. Entre as principais limitações encontradas encontram-se as insuficiências na projeção de práticas socioeducativas inclusivas a partir do sistema metodológico de trabalho da Direcção Provincial de Educação; atualmente, não existe um sistema pensado harmoniosamente que permita converter os sistemas educativos em resposta à diversidade dos educandos e tornar verdadeiramente prático o direito à educação com igualdade de oportunidades, especialmente aqueles que por vezes são excluídos por se encontrarem em situação de vulnerabilidade. Foi possível concluir que os metodólogos desempenham um papel fundamental no direcionamento do processo de prevenção, detecção, estimulação, diagnóstico/avaliação e intervenção precoce de alunos com barreiras à aprendizagem e à participação social.

Abstract This research aims to analyze the presence of systemic factors in the process of identification and analysis of strategic risk in the Colombian private university sector, with high-quality certification., Its goal is to identify and analyze the influence of systemic interventions and perspectives on this process. For that reason, the state-of-the-art was reviewed, the factors that could characterize interventions and systemic perspectives were identified and presented. They provide a theoretical framework from which the strategic risk management process was analyzed., Qualitative field work was developed, based on case studies implemented through in-depth interviews and the collection, of public information and documents provided by the institutions. Conclusions show that the Universities that are part of the group under study, have advanced in the last years in the management of strategic risks including some factors characteristic of systemic interventions. However, from a systemic perspective, it has been possible to identify some opportunities for improvement that can integrate an agenda for the studied institutions.

Resumen Esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar la presencia de factores sistémicos en el proceso de identificación y análisis de riesgos estratégicos en el sector universitario privado colombiano, con certificación de alta calidad. Para esto, se revisó el estado del arte, se identificaron y presentaron los factores que, a priori, podrían caracterizar las intervenciones y perspectivas sistémicas y que proveen un marco teórico desde el cual se analizó el proceso de gestión de riesgos estratégicos. Se desarrolló una labor de campo, de tipo cualitativo, a partir del estudio de casos, implementada mediante entrevistas en profundidad y la recopilación de información pública y documentos facilitados por las instituciones. En las conclusiones se podrá observar que las universidades integrantes del colectivo estudiado han avanzado en los últimos años, en la gestión de riesgos estratégicos incluyendo en los procesos algunos factores característicos de las intervenciones sistémicas. Sin embargo, y desde la perspectiva sistémica, se han podido identificar algunas oportunidades de mejora que pueden integrar una agenda para las instituciones estudiadas.

ABSTRACT Since the perceptions of communities at risk play a central role in managing future emergencies, contingency plans must consider the appropriate involvement of the perspectives of exposed populations. This article addresses the case of Ensenada (Puerto Varas, Chile), a settlement located in the area of direct influence of the Calbuco and Osorno volcanoes. They respectively rank 2nd and 8th in the list of highest-threat Chilean volcanoes. Here we depict the multiple risk perceptions of the inhabitants of Ensenada and the integration of human perceptions into volcanic emergency management through qualitative research, based on semi-structured interviews and documentary analysis. Our results illustrate that Ensenada represents a settlement critically exposed to multiple hazards from both volcanoes, intertwined with a series of social conditions that influence individuals’ self-perception as vulnerable to future eruptions and, simultaneously, as capable of acquiring conditions to strengthen disaster preparedness. Moreover, the locals are eager to participate in future emergency management planning and adopt preventive attitudes at community, household, and individual levels. Based on these results, we highlight the advantages of a better understanding of the causes of perceived risk and its integration into emergency management strategies for future eruptions, in order to visualise how people make sense of daily life and disaster preparedness in the midst of active volcanoes.

RESUMEN Dado que las percepciones de las comunidades en riesgo juegan un papel central en la gestión de futuras emergencias, los planes de contingencia deben considerar la adecuada participación de las perspectivas de las poblaciones expuestas. Este artículo aborda el caso de Ensenada (Puerto Varas, Chile), un asentamiento situado en la zona de influencia directa de los volcanes Calbuco y Osorno. Estos ocupan respectivamente el 2° y 8° lugar en la lista de volcanes chilenos de mayor amenaza. Se describen en este estudio las múltiples percepciones del riesgo de los habitantes de Ensenada y se explora la integración de las percepciones humanas en la gestión de emergencias volcánicas mediante una investigación cualitativa basada en entrevistas semiestructuradas y análisis documental. Los resultados aquí expuestos ilustran que Ensenada representa un asentamiento críticamente expuesto a múltiples amenazas de ambos volcanes, entrelazadas con una serie de condiciones sociales que influyen en la autopercepción de los participantes como vulnerables a futuras erupciones y, simultáneamente, como capaces de adquirir condiciones para fortalecer la preparación ante desastres. Además, los habitantes de Ensenada se manifiestan deseosos de participar en la planificación de la gestión de futuras emergencias y adoptar acciones preventivas tanto comunitarias como familiares e individualmente. Sobre la base de estos resultados, se destacan las ventajas de una mejor comprensión de las causas del riesgo percibido y su integración en las estrategias de gestión de emergencias para futuras erupciones, con el fin de visualizar cómo la gente da sentido a la vida cotidiana y a la preparación ante desastres en medio de dos volcanes activos.

Abstract Neurocutaneous syndromes comprise a heterogeneous group of congenital or hereditary conditions that are known to be associated with the risk of different disorders and complications. Two of the most common neurocutaneous syndromes are Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC). Although there appears to be a general consensus on the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in managing these cases, there is still very little emphasis in discussions addressed in the literature on the role of dentistry in accordance with the perspective of comprehensive care. Evidence-based propositions, together with a broad discussion of new insights in this regard, should have the ability to strongly impact related future perspectives, aiming for greater advances and better outcomes for these patients. In this review article, the authors discuss updated general aspects of NF1 and TSC, and the potential additional roles of dentistry, in addition to addressing suggestions for actions in dentistry at related levels of care, as well as priorities for future research. complications NF (NF1 TSC. TSC . (TSC) cases care Evidencebased Evidence based propositions regard perspectives patients article research (NF (TSC