ABSTRACT Pitaya (Selenicereus spp.) is a tropical fruit tree belonging to the Cactaceae family, native to the tropical regions of Central and South America. Your cultivation has been considered promising due to its organoleptic characteristics and its high acceptance in the market. However, little information is available about pests associated with pitaya in northeastern Brazil. Here, we aim to communicate the identification and record of the occurrence of a pest insect in a pitaya plantation in the Caatinga. Caterpillars of this lepidopteran were collected from parts of pitaya plants, in January 2021, in the municipality of São João do Cariri, PB (7° 23'27” S, 36°31'57” W), placed in plastic containers and transported to the Invertebrates Laboratory of the Biosciences Department at the Agricultural Sciences Center of the Federal University of Paraíba, in the municipality of Areia, PB. Under laboratory conditions, the caterpillars were fed with pitaya shoots and kept in an environment with controlled conditions of temperature and humidity. When they reached the pupal stage, they were transferred to a cage and kept until the adults emerged. Identification of the adult was carried out by a specialist, by comparison with specimens from the Reference Collection of the Laboratory of Ecology and Interactions of Insects of the Caatinga (CLEIIC), belonging to the Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, PB. The lepidopteran is Aricoris campestris (Bates, 1868), belonging to the Riodinidae family, Nymphidiini tribe, which also attacks other cacti in the region and has already been recorded in other areas in northeastern Brazil. Selenicereus spp. spp family America market However Brazil Here plants 2021 Cariri 7° 7 (7 2327 23 27 23'27 S 36°3157 363157 36°31 57 36 31 36°31'57 W, W , W) Paraíba Areia humidity stage emerged specialist CLEIIC, CLEIIC (CLEIIC) Grande Patos Bates, Bates (Bates 1868, 1868 1868) tribe 202 ( 232 2 23'2 3157 36°315 36315 3631 36°3 5 3 36°31'5 (CLEIIC 186 20 23' 315 363 36° 36°31' 18 1

RESUMO A pitaya (Selenicereus spp.) é uma frutífera pertencente à família das cactáceas, nativa das regiões tropicais da América Central e do Sul. O cultivo dessa fruta vem sendo considerado promissor devido às características organolépticas e sua alta aceitação no mercado, que desperta o interesse dos produtores. No entanto, há poucas informações disponíveis sobre pragas associadas à pitaya no nordeste brasileiro. Assim, objetivou-se nesse estudo divulgar a ocorrência de Aricoris campestris em um plantio de pitaya na Caatinga. As lagartas desse lepidópetero foram coletadas diretamente de partes das plantas de pitaya, no mês de janeiro de 2021, no município de São João do Cariri - PB (7°23’27” S, 36° 31’57” W), com auxílio de uma pinça, acondicionadas em recipientes plásticos e transportadas para o Laboratório de Invertebrados do Departamento de Biociências no Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal da Paraíba, no município de Areia - PB. No laboratório, as lagartas foram alimentadas com brotos de pitaya e mantidas sob condições controladas de temperatura e umidade. Ao atingirem a fase de pupa, foram transferidas para uma gaiola de criação, enquanto aguardou-se a emergência dos adultos, para posterior identificação. A identificação do adulto foi realizada por especialista, por comparação com exemplares da Coleção de referência do Laboratório de Ecologia e Interações de Insetos da Caatinga (CLEIIC), Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Patos, PB. O lepidóptero trata-se de Aricoris campestris (Bates, 1868), pertencente à família Riodinidae, tribo Nymphidiini. Selenicereus spp. spp cactáceas Sul mercado produtores entanto brasileiro Assim objetivouse objetivou se 2021 7°2327 72327 7°23 27 7 23 (7°23’27 S 36 3157 31 57 31’57 W, W , W) pinça Paraíba laboratório umidade pupa criação aguardouse aguardou adultos especialista CLEIIC, CLEIIC (CLEIIC) Grande Patos tratase trata Bates, Bates (Bates 1868, 1868 1868) Riodinidae Nymphidiini 202 2327 7°232 7232 723 7°2 2 (7°23’2 3 315 5 31’5 (CLEIIC 186 20 232 72 7° (7°23’ 31’ 18 (7°23 1 (7°2 (7° (7 (

Abstract Green areas in urban landscapes are under strong anthropogenic pressure, and, at the same time are fundamental to maintaining biodiversity, as they provide resources for many animal and plant species. Knowing these species is fundamental for its maintenance and conservation, and inventories are extremely important for monitoring fauna and conserving it. Therefore, the goal of this research is to inventory the butterflies species in the park of the Instituto Butantan (Ibu), located in an urban area in the city of São Paulo, southeast Brazil. The surveys of butterflies were conducted through visual censuses from August 2017 to July 2019 and recorded a total of 324 butterfly species. The most speciose family was Hesperiidae, followed by Nymphalidae, Lycaenidae, Pieridae, Riodinidae, and Papilionidae. Among the sampled species, there is Euselasia zara which is a new record for the state of São Paulo. Neither the species accumulation nor the richness estimator curves tended to reach an asymptote, suggesting that additional butterflies’ species will be recorded with more sampling effort on the site. Even with a flora composed mainly of exotic and ornamental plants, the park of Instituto Butantan exhibits a very rich butterfly community. This community exhibits a pattern of seasonally variation, with the peak of species richness related to the rainy season. When compared with Cidade Universitária Armando de Salles Oliveira (USP), another nearby urban green area, which is larger, more heterogeneous and sampled over a longer period, it is possible to notice that the Ibu butterfly community is a subsample of this larger one. These results highlight the potential that urban parks have for the maintenance and conservation of butterfly species. pressure biodiversity Therefore Ibu, , (Ibu) Paulo Brazil 201 32 Hesperiidae Nymphalidae Lycaenidae Pieridae Riodinidae Papilionidae asymptote site plants variation season USP, USP (USP) period one (Ibu 20 3 (USP 2

Abstract Iguaçu National Park is the second largest (1852.62 km²) protected area in the Atlantic Forest domain and harbors the largest area of semideciduous seasonal forest in Brazil. In this study, we present 795 subspecies and 787 species of butterflies that occur in this protected area and its surrounding areas, collected over 15 years and ten months using different non-standardized sampling methods. We also searched for additional records in the literature, entomological collections, and citizen science platforms on the internet. Among the sampled taxa, six are recorded for the first time in Brazil: Emesis orichalceus Stichel, 1916, Theope p. pakitza Hall & Harvey, 1998 (Riodinidae), Elbella v. viriditas (Skinner, 1920), Apaustus gracilis ssp. n. (Hesperiidae), Deltaya sp. n. (Nymphalidae), and Symbiopsis sp. n. (Lycaenidae). Another six are listed as endangered in lists of butterflies of conservation concern. The records for some species significantly increase previously documented distributions. 1852.62 185262 1852 62 (1852.6 km² km Brazil study 79 78 areas 1 nonstandardized non standardized methods literature collections internet taxa Stichel 1916 p Harvey 199 Riodinidae, Riodinidae , (Riodinidae) v Skinner, Skinner (Skinner 1920, 1920 1920) ssp n Hesperiidae, Hesperiidae (Hesperiidae) sp Nymphalidae, Nymphalidae (Nymphalidae) Lycaenidae. Lycaenidae . (Lycaenidae) concern distributions 1852.6 18526 185 6 (1852. 7 191 19 (Riodinidae 192 (Hesperiidae (Nymphalidae (Lycaenidae 1852. 18 (1852 (185 (18 (1 (

Resumo O Parque Nacional do Iguaçu é a segunda maior Unidade de Conservação (1.852,62 km²) no domínio Mata Atlântica, abrigando a maior área de Floresta Estacional Semidecídua no Brasil. Neste estudo apresentamos uma lista com 795 subespécies e 787 espécies de borboletas que ocorrem nesta Unidade de Conservação e seus arredores, coligida ao longo de 15 anos e dez meses através do uso de diferentes métodos de amostragem não padronizados. Nós também procuramos por registros adicionais na literatura, coleções entomológicas e plataformas de ciência cidadã na internet. Dentre os táxons amostrados, seis são registrados pela primeira vez para o Brasil: Emesis orichalceus Stichel, 1916, Theope p. pakitza Hall & Harvey, 1998 (Riodinidae), Elbella v. viriditas (Skinner, 1920), Apaustus gracilis ssp. n. (Hesperiidae), Deltaya sp. n. (Nymphalidae) e Symbiopsis sp. n. (Lycaenidae). Outras seis espécies são consideradas ameaçadas de extinção em listas de borboletas de interesse para a conservação. Os registros de algumas espécies aumentam significativamente as suas distribuições previamente documentadas. 1.852,62 185262 1 852 62 (1.852,6 km² km Atlântica Brasil 79 78 arredores padronizados literatura internet amostrados Stichel 1916 p Harvey 199 Riodinidae, Riodinidae , (Riodinidae) v Skinner, Skinner (Skinner 1920, 1920 1920) ssp n Hesperiidae, Hesperiidae (Hesperiidae) sp Nymphalidae (Nymphalidae Lycaenidae. Lycaenidae . (Lycaenidae) conservação documentadas 1.852,6 18526 85 6 (1.852, 7 191 19 (Riodinidae 192 (Hesperiidae (Lycaenidae 1.852, 1852 8 (1.852 1.852 185 (1.85 1.85 18 (1.8 1.8 (1. 1. (1 (

Resumen Se determinan las relaciones biogeográficas entre áreas aisladas de bosque tropical húmedo de México a partir de sus faunas de mariposas. Los análisis se hicieron a partir de los registros de 676 especies pertenecientes a las familias Papilionidae, Pieridae, Riodinidae, Lycaenidae y Nymphalidae en unidades geográficas de Tabasco, Chiapas, Oaxaca, Veracruz, San Luis Potosí y Campeche, mediante el uso de algoritmos de parsimonia y similitud. Ambos métodos corroboraron que las unidades mejor estudiadas forman un grupo consistente: Sierra de Juárez-Los Tuxtlas-Chajul-Huichihuayán, mientras que Soconusco representa el área más diferenciada.

Abstract The aim of this paper is to determine the biogeographical relationships between isolated areas of tropical rainforests in Mexico from their butterfly faunas. The analysis were made from the records of 676 species belonging to the families Papilionidae, Pieridae, Riodinidae, Lycaenidae and Nymphalidae in 12 geographic units in Tabasco, Chiapas, Oaxaca, Veracruz, San Luis Potosí and Campeche, through the use of parsimony and similarity algorithms. Both methods corroborated that the best studied units form a consistent group: Sierra de Juárez–Los Tuxtlas–Chajul–Huichihuayán, while Soconusco represents the most differentiated area.

Resumen Se realizó un inventario de las mariposas de Isla Grande, la isla más extensa del Archipiélago Islas del Rosario (Cartagena de Indias) en el mar Caribe colombiano, a partir de muestreos realizados entre agosto y noviembre de 2017, empleando redes entomológicas y trampas Van Someren-Rydon en fragmentos de bosque seco tropical, donde se ubicaron 13 transectos de 100 m x 10 m. Se registró un total de 129 individuos distribuidos en seis familias, 14 subfamilias y 25 especies. La presencia de Polygonus savigny (Hesperiidae) se confirma para el Caribe colombiano. La familia Nymphalidae fue la más representativa, por el contrario, las familias Lycaenidae, Riodinidae y Papilionidae presentaron la menor representatividad. Las especies se clasificaron a partir del número de individuos capturados, registrándose cinco especies abundantes, cuatro comunes, tres escasas y 13 raras. Se considera que la realización de muestreos en época seca y de transición permitirá ampliar el número de especies registradas para la isla. Estos resultados constituyen el primer listado de las mariposas de Isla Grande, información que constituye una línea de referencia para posteriores estudios.

Abstract An inventory of the butterflies of Isla Grande, the largest island in the Islas del Rosario Archipelago (Cartagena de Indias) in the Colombian Caribbean Sea, was developed based on samplings carried out between August and November 2017 using entomological nets and Van Someren-Rydon traps in fragments of tropical dry forest, where 13 transects of 100 m x 10 m were located. A total of 129 individuals distributed in six families, 14 subfamilies and 25 species were recorded. The presence of Polygonus savigny (Hesperiidae) is confirmed for the Colombian Caribbean. The Nymphalidae family was the most representative. On the contrary, the Lycaenidae, Riodinidae and Papilionidae families presented the least representativeness. The species were classified based on the number of individuals captured, registering five abundant species, four common species, three scarce and 13 rare. It is considered that carrying out samplings in the dry and transitional season will allow expanding the number of species recorded for the island. These results constitute the first list of the butterflies of Isla Grande, information that constitutes a reference line for further studies.

Resumen Hicimos un muestreo de las mariposas de algunos bosques del municipio de Solano, departamento de Caquetá, en la Amazonia colombiana. La recolección de mariposas se llevó a cabo durante cuatro días consecutivos en cuatro localidades de estudio, utilizando trampas con atrayentes y redes de búsqueda activa. Cada localidad contó con 12 puntos de muestreo con distancia de 250 m entre puntos, para un recorrido total de tres kilómetros. Se recolectaron 487 individuos, pertenecientes a 110 especies, 80 géneros, 28 tribus, 17 subfamilias y seis familias. Las familias con mayores abundancias y número de especies fueron Nymphalidae, con 68.2 % (75 spp.), Riodinidae 11.8 % (13 spp.) y Pieridae 10 % (11 spp.). La subfamilia mejor representada fue Satyrinae (N=228), destacando la tribu Morphini (N=65). Se destacan el hallazgo de seis especies de Marpesia, la tercera parte de las especies descritas para el género, y el de Gunayan rubricollis, una especie rara en Colombia. La presente investigación confirma la diversidad de mariposas en bosques amazónicos, donde más del 40 % de las especies son indicadoras de buen estado de conservación de los bosques.

Abstract We sampled the butterfly community in the municipality of Solano, department of Caquetá, in Colombian Amazonia. The collection of butterflies was carried out during four consecutive days at four study locations, using bait traps and active search nets. Each location had 12 sampling points, with a distance of 250 m between points, for a total sampling length of three kilometers. We collected 487 individuals belonging to 110 species, 80 genera, 28 tribes, 17 subfamilies and six families. The families with the highest abundance and number of species were Nymphalidae, with 68.2 % (75 spp.), Riodinidae 11.8 % (13 spp.) and Pieridae 10 % (11 spp.). The best represented subfamily was Satyrinae (N=228), particularly the tribe Morphini (N=65). Remarkable findings include six species of Marpesia, one third of the species described for the genus, and Gunayan rubricollis, a rare species in Colombia. The present research confirms the diversity of butterflies in Amazon forests, where more than 40 % of the species are indicators of the forest’s good state of conservation.

Resumen Este trabajo es el primer registro sobre la caracterización de la diversidad de lepidópteros (Papilionoidea) en el Parque Arqueológico de Tierradentro, vereda de San Andrés de Pisimbalá, Inzá, Cauca, Colombia, considerada como una región ecoturística y de importancia cultural para el país. Se establecieron recorridos a lo largo de tres coberturas vegetales identificadas como bosque secundario, cultivos de pancoger y potrero. Para la recolecta de mariposas se emplearon dos métodos de muestreo, el primero con red entomológica y el segundo mediante el uso de trampas tipo Van Someren Rydon. Se registró un total de 128 especies, distribuidas en 99 géneros y cinco familias (Nymphalidae, Hesperiidae, Pieridae, Riodinidae y Lycaenidae). Las coberturas de bosque y cultivos presentaron la mayor diversidad, probablemente por la heterogeneidad vegetal observada. Adicionalmente, se encontró que el bosque presentaba algunas especies indicadoras que se asocian con buenos estados de conservación.

Abstract This work is the first report on the characterization of Lepidoptera diversity (Papilionoidea) in Tierradentro Archaeological Park, San Andrés de Pisimbalá, Inzá, Cauca, Colombia, considered an ecotourism region of cultural importance for the country. Routes were established along secondary forest, pancoger crops and pastures. To collect Lepidoptera, two sampling methods were used, the first using an entomological net and the second using van Someren Rydon traps. A total of 128 species distributed in 99 genera and five families (Nymphalidae, Hesperiidae, Pieridae, Riodinidae and Lycaenidae) were collected. Forest cover and pancoger crops were the most diverse, probably due to the plant heterogeneity observed. Additionally, it was found that the forest presented some indicator species that are associated with good conservation states.

Resumen Objetivo. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo primordial dar a conocer una lista sistemática de las especies de Riodinidae que habitan las cuatro formaciones vegetales presentes en el municipio de Riosucio, ubicado al noroccidente del departamento de Caldas, Colombia. Metodología y Resultados. Con el uso de redes entomológicas manuales y cebos de atracción con camarón en descomposición se lograron registrar 91 especies pertenecientes a 44 géneros. Alcance. Además del registro de especies raras y poco conocidas por fotografías in situ, se describe una nueva especie: Eurybia mestiza n. sp. Salazar, Villalobos y Vargas, propia de esta región. Conclusiones. Un análisis biogeográfico preliminar evidencia que la fauna de estas mariposas pertenece al enclave seco del cañón del río Cauca, una de las cinco regiones faunísticas definidas por Callaghan (1985) en su estudio pionero sobre la distribución de la familia en Colombia, guardando afinidades con la fauna del valle del río Magdalena y en menor grado con el Chocó biogeográfico.

Abstract Objective. The main objective of this work is to present a systematic list of Riodinidae species that inhabit the four plant formations present in the Municipality of Riosucio, a region located in the northwest of the Department of Caldas, Colombia. Methodology and Results. With the use of manual entomological nets and attraction baits with decomposing shrimp, 91 species belonging to 44 genera were registered. Scope. In addition to the record of rare and little-known species from in situ photographs, a new species is described: Eurybia mestiza Salazar, Villalobos & Vargas n. sp., typical of this region. Conclusions. A preliminary biogeographic analysis shows that the fauna of these butterflies belongs to the dry enclave of the Cauca river canyon, one of the five fauna regions defined by Callaghan (1985) in his pioneering study on the distribution of the family in Colombia, keeping affinities with the fauna of the Magdalena river valley and to a lesser degree with the biogeographic Chocó.

Resumen Objetivo. Dado que el Bioma Bosque seco tropical (Bs-T) en Colombia está en peligro y por ende puede desaparecer, se da conocer por primera vez una lista de las especies de mariposas (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea-Papilionoidae) para Colombia, se indican los vacíos de información existentes en algunas regiones y se proponen algunas especies típicas del Bs-T. Metodología. A partir de una revisión de literatura, salidas de campo, consulta de colecciones biológicas y ayuda de algunos especialistas se genera una lista taxonómica de mariposas para este ecosistema. Resultados. Un total de 2222 registros y 1825 individuos fueron revisados que corresponden a 662 especies, donde la familia Nymphalidae presento 274 especies, seguida por Hesperiidae con 183, Riodinidae 69, Pieridae 52, Lycaenidae 73 y Papilionidae con 21 especies. Además se proponen y figuran 15 especies de mariposas características de este tipo de ecosistema. Alcance. Se aporta conocimiento sobre la diversidad mariposas para un ecosistema en estado crítico como lo es el Bs-T, al igual que se genera una aproximación sobre su riqueza que permite proponer estrategias de conservación para el ecosistema.

Abstract Objective. To present for the first time the list of butterfly species (Lepidoptera: HesperioideaPapilionoidae) for the Tropical Dry Forest (Bs-T) of Colombia, the information gaps in some regions are indicated and some are proposed typical species of Bs-T. Methodology. Based on a review of literature, field trips, consultation of biological collections and the help of some specialists, a taxonomic list of butterflies for this ecosystem is proposed. Results. A total of 2222 records and 1825 individuals were reviewed corresponding to 662 species, where the Nymphalidae family presented 274 species, followed by Hesperiidae with 183, Riodinidae 69, Pieridae 52, Lycaenidae 73 and Papilionidae with 21 species. In addition, 15 species of butterflies characteristic of this type of ecosystem are proposed and listed. Scope. Knowledge is provided about the diversity of butterflies for an ecosystem in critical condition such as Bs-T, as well as an approximation of its wealth that allows to propose conservation strategies for the ecosystem.

Resumen El Patía, (Cauca, Colombia) es una zona caracterizada por ser vulnerable a intervenciones antrópicas y fenómenos naturales, lo cual motiva a realizar estudios que reflejen las dinámicas ecológicas empleando organismos indicadores biológicos como las mariposas. Esta investigación evaluó el efecto de la matriz ganadera sobre la comunidad de mariposas diurnas (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) en Las Martas y La Pachuca, dos fragmentos de bosque seco del Patía. Se emplearon dos métodos de captura: jama entomológica y trampas van Someren Rydon cebadas con pescado y banano descompuestos, establecidos en dos transectos de 300 m cada uno, para cada fragmento. Los muestreos se realizaron entre septiembre 2014 y febrero 2015. Entre los dos fragmentos se registraron 679 individuos, distribuidos en seis familias Nymphalidae (61,12 %), Pieridae (19,00 %), Hesperiidae (13,99 %), Papilionidae (2,65 %), Lycaenidae (2,21 %) y Riodinidae (1,03 %), 14 subfamilias y 81 especies. El coeficiente de Jaccard obtuvo 0,43 de similitud entre la comunidad de lepidópteros diurnos, compartiendo 35 especies del total registrado. La eficiencia del muestreo estuvo entre 48,38 y 67,9 %, sugiriendo continuar con los muestreos en los fragmentos. Se concluye que existe un fuerte efecto de la ganadería extensiva en la comunidad de lepidópteros diurnos, sin embargo, las especies que se registraron como euritopas y estenotopas pueden ser clave para elaborar planes de conservación basados en corredores biológicos.

Abstract The Patía region (Cauca, Colombia) is an area that is vulnerable to anthropic interventions and natural phenomena; this condition motivated the realization of this study, which reflects the ecological dynamics of using butterflies as biological indicator organisms. This research evaluated the effects of the cattle ranching matrix on the community of diurnal butterflies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera), in two fragments of Patía dry forest, Cauca: Las Martas and La Pachuca. Two capture methods were used: entomological net and van Someren Rydon traps primed with fish and decomposed banana, and established in two transects of 300 m each, for each fragment. Sampling was carried out from September 2014 to February 2015. Between the two fragments were 679 individuals distributed in six families: Nymphalidae (61.12 %), Pieridae (19.00 %), Hesperiidae (13.99 %), Lycaenidae (2.21 %), Papilionidae 2.65 %) and Riodinidae (1.03 %), 14 subfamilies and 81 species. The Jaccard coefficient of 0.43 showed similarity among the diurnal lepidopteran community, which shared 35 species of the total recorded. The sampling efficiency was between 48.38 and 67.9 %, which suggesting continuity in the sampling of the fragments. It is concluded that a strong effect of extensive cattle ranching exists in the community of diurnal Lepidoptera, however, the species that were registered as euritopes and stenotopes may be key to developing conservation plans based on biological corridors.

Resumo Apesar de ser um dos grupos mais bem estudados no Brasil, as borboletas da região Nordeste, especialmente ao norte da foz do Rio São Francisco, são ainda pouco conhecidas. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar um inventário da fauna de borboletas em um fragmento de Floresta Atlântica no estado de Pernambuco, como uma contribuição para compreensão sobre a distribuição desses insetos. O estudo foi realizado em um fragmento de Floresta Atlântica de 384.7 hectares do Parque Estadual Dois Irmãos, localizado na região metropolitana de Recife. As borboletas foram amostradas mensalmente, de agosto de 2011 a julho de 2012 e de janeiro a agosto de 2016, com auxílio de redes entomológicas. Registros adicionais foram obtidos de duas Coleções Entomológicas e de duas coletas prévias em julho de 2003 e agosto de 2006. Um total de 273 espécies foi registrado em 464 horas e 15 espécies adicionais registradas a partir de Coleções Entomológicas, totalizando 288 espécies de borboletas registradas. A família mais rica foi Hesperiidae (108 espécies), seguida por Nymphalidae (80), Lycaenidae (43), Riodinidae (37), Pieridae (16) e Papilionidae (4). A fauna de borboletas foi dominada por espécies generalistas com uma ampla distribuição geográfica, muitas delas encontradas comumente em áreas abertas, bordas de mata e em vegetação secundária. Roeberella lencates (Hewitson, 1875) e Pheles atricolor atricolor (Butler, 1871) (Riodinidae) representam um novo registro para o Nordeste do Brasil.

Abstract Despite being one of the groups most well studied in Brazil, the butterfly fauna of northeastern Brazil, especially north of the mouth of São Francisco River, is poorly known. The aim of this study was to inventory the butterfly fauna in a remnant of Atlantic Forest in the state of Pernambuco as a contribution to understanding the distribution of these insects. The study was carried out in a 384.7 hectares fragment of Parque Estadual Dois Irmãos, in the metropolitan region of Recife. The butterflies were sampled monthly with insect nets from August 2011 to July 2012 and from January to August 2016. Additional records were obtained from two entomological collections and from two previous visits to the area in July 2003 and August 2006. A total of 273 species was sampled in 464 hours, with an additional 15 species recorded from the Entomological Collections, totaling 288 butterfly species recorded. The richest family was Hesperiidae (108 species), followed by Nymphalidae (80), Lycaenidae (43) Riodinidae (37), Pieridae (16) and Papilionidae (4). The fauna was dominated by generalist species with a broad geographical distribution, many of them commonly found on open areas, forest edges and secondary vegetation. Roeberella lencates (Hewitson, 1875) and Pheles atricolor atricolor (Butler, 1871) (Riodinidae) represent new records for northeastern Brazil.

Resumen Se determinó la diversidad de mariposas diurnas asociadas a tres hábitats con diferentes grados de conservación en el corregimiento de Pacurita, Quibdó, Chocó, Colombia. Para la captura de mariposas durante 38 días de muestreos entre los meses de julio y diciembre del 2016, se empleó una red entomológica y seis trampas Van Someren- Rydon cebadas con pescado en descomposición y frutas fermentadas. Se capturaron 284 individuos de 44 especies pertenecientes a las familias Nymphalidae (S=38) Papilionidae (S=3), Pieridae (S=1) y Riodinidae (S=2). Según el tipo de hábitats, las especies más abundantes fueron Pierella luna lesbia y Heliconius erato venus en el hábitat de bosque conservado; Pierella luna lesbia, Heliconius erato venus y Colobura dirce en el bosque secundario, y Anartia jatrophae, Heliconius erato venus y Anartia amathea en el hábitat de intervención permanente. En los hábitats de bosque conservado y bosque secundario se registró un 62 % de similitud en cuanto a la composición y la estructura de las especies de mariposas, lo cual no ocurrió en el hábitat de intervención permanente. De las 44 especies reportadas en este estudio, 25 constituyen nuevos registros para la localidad de Pacurita, siendo la familia Nymphalidae la predominante. Las especies P. luna lesbia, A. jatrophae, H. erato venus, A. demophon muson y S. magdalena cleove fueron las mejor representadas, aunque con cambios en su abundancia según el tipo de hábitat.

Abstract We determined the diversity of butterflies associated with three habitats with different level of conservation in the village of Pacurita, Quibdó, Chocó, Colombia. For the capture of butterflies during 38 days of sampling between the months of July and December 2016, an entomological network and six Van Someren-Rydon traps baited with decaying fish and fermented fruits were used. A total of 284 individuals of 44 species were captured, from the families Nymphalidae (S=38), Papilionidae (S=3), Pieridae (S=1), and Riodinidae (S=2). The most abundant species were Pierella luna lesbia and Heliconius erato venus in the preserved forest; Pierella luna lesbia, Heliconius erato venus, and Colobura dirce in the secondary forest, and Anartia jatrophae, Heliconius erato venus, and Anartia amathea in the habitat of permanent intervention. In the preserved and secondary forests, there was a 62% similarity in the composition and structure of butterfly species, but not so in the permanent intervention habitat. Out of the 44 species reported in this study, 25 constitute new species records for Pacurita locality; the Nymphalidae family was the predominant one. The species P. luna lesbia, A. jatrophae, H. erato venus, A. demophon muson, and S. magdalena cleove were the best represented despite experiencing changes in their abundance according to the type of habitat.

Resumen La familia Riodinidae es muy diversa en la región Neotropical; en México aún es escaso el conocimiento acerca de la biología de la mayoría de sus especies. Para el presente trabajo, se realizaron recolectas exhaustivas y sistemáticas de Riodinidae en varias localidades de la región Loxicha, Oaxaca, México, particularmente en dos con bosque tropical subcaducifolio. Además se examinaron los registros previos para esa región, en un gradiente altitudinal de los 70 a 2 500 m; la mayoría recolectados por personal del Museo de Zoología (Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM). A partir de la revisión de la base de datos MARIPOSA y del trabajo de campo, se alcanzó la cifra de 4 029 ejemplares de esta región; de los cuales, 2 306 se obtuvieron del bosque tropical subcaducifolio (bts) durante el presente estudio. El total de especies para la región, arrojó un total de 52 especies, distribuidas en 22 géneros y dos subfamilias; la subfamilia Riodininae la más diversa (50 spp.). Mediante estimadores paramétricos se calculó la riqueza de esta familia para las dos localidades de bts estudiadas y en el total de la región; alcanzando valores teóricos mayores al 80 %. Al comparar los resultados con otras listas de especies del Pacífico mexicano, se concluye que en la región Loxicha se encuentra la mayor riqueza de la familia Riodinidae. En el bosque tropical subcaducifolio se efectuaron transectos por dos años, que permitieron distinguir los microhábitats de más de 40 especies, lo cual se ilustra y describe en dibujos y fotografías in situ. En este tipo vegetacional se registra la mayoría de especies de la región Loxicha.

Abstract Riodinidae is very diverse in the Neotropical region; in Mexico the knowledge about the biology of most of its species is still scarce. For the present work, exhaustive and systematic collections of Riodinidae were carried out in 14 localities of the Loxicha region, Oaxaca, Mexico, particularly in two with tropical semi-deciduous forest. In addition, previous records for this region were examined, in an altitude range of 70 to 2 500 m; the majority collected by the staff of the Museo de Zoología (Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM). We obtained 4 029 specimens from the fieldwork and MARIPOSA database, 2 306 of them are present in the tropical semi-deciduous forest (TSF). The total number of species for the region is 52, distributed in 22 genera and two subfamilies; the most diverse subfamily was Riodininae (50 species). Using parametric estimators the richness of the family was calculated for the two locations of TSF studied and the entire region, reaching theoretical values greater than 80 %. When comparing the results with other lists of species of the Mexican Pacific, it is concluded that the Loxicha region harbours the greatest richness of Riodinidae. In the tropical semi-deciduous forest, transects were carried out for two years, allowing microhabitats to be distinguished from more than 40 species, which are described and illustrated with drawings and in situ photographs. In this vegetation type most species of the Loxicha region are recorded. Rev. Biol. Trop. 66(2): 503-558. Epub 2018 June 01.

En este artículo se describen nuevos taxa de Riodinidae para Colombia, basados en material existente en la colección de los autores, por análisis comparado de literatura y la revisión de otras colecciones colombianas: Calospila metaensis sp. n.; Minotauros confusa sp. n.; Panaropsis semiota remedios ssp. n.; Emesis brimo insulicola ssp. n.; Melanis pixe pseudoalena ssp. n.; Ithomeis eulema caucana ssp. n.; Pachytone erebia thalassina ssp.n., y un nuevo género Alethea (especie tipo: "Siseme" pedias Godman, 1903). Se suministran datos e informaciones taxonómicas de cada una.

New taxa of Riodinidae from Colombia are described in this paper based on existing material in the author's collections, in comparative analysis of literature and revision of other Colombian collections: Calospila metaensis n. sp., Minotauros confusa n. sp., Panaropsis semiota remedios n. ssp., emesis brimo insulicola n. ssp., Melanis pixe pseudoalena n. ssp., Ithomeis eulema caucana n. ssp., Pachytone erebia thalassina n. ssp., Alethea gen. nov. (type species: "Siseme" pedias Godman, 1903). Data and information on the taxonomic status of each are included.

Abstract: A thorough study on the taxonomic composition and altitudinal distribution of butterflies (superfamily Papilionoidea) in the Sierra Mazateca, Oaxaca is presented. Systematic field collecting was conducted in 12 localities between 90 and 2200 meters above sea level, representing all the climate and vegetation types and subtypes. Field work inlcuded two approaches: searches with entomological nets in different microhabitats, and placement of 5-7 Van Someren-Rydon traps baited with fermented banana. This work yielded 3,108 specimens, with their taxonomic identification, and the review of 89 specimens and 302 database records of the MARIPOSA database, at the Museo de Zoología de la Facultad de Ciencias de la UNAM, and data from other Mexican collections, generated an integrated list of 460 taxones included in 6 families, 19 subfamilies and 246 genera. Of these, 353 taxones are new records for the Sierra Mazateca, and 4 are new to the state of Oaxaca. The most diverse family was Nymphalidae (168 taxones), followed by Hesperiidae (141 taxones), Lycaenidae (57 taxones), Pieridae (42 taxones), Riodinidae (33 taxones) and Papilionidae (19 taxones). The better represented genera were: Urbanus Hübner, Calephelis Grote & Robinson, Adelpha Hübner, Anthanassa Scudder, 1875, Hamadryas Hübner, Eurema Hübner, Autochton Hübner, Chlosyne A. Butler, Parides Hübner, Heliconius Kluk, Memphis Hübner, Emesis Fabricius, Catasticta A. Butler, and Astraptes Hübner y Phoebis Hübner. Based on the species accumulation curve, using the Clench model, 71.3% (380 taxones) of the total estimated for the area was collected, and 87.2% of the total estimate considering additional collections. Regarding altitudinal distribution, 77% (360 taxones) occurred between 90-500 masl, making this interval the most diverse in the Sierra.

Resumen: Se realizó un estudio sobre la composición y distribución altitudinal de las mariposas diurnas (superfamilia Papilionoidea) en la Sierra Mazateca, Oaxaca. Se efectuaron recolectas sistemáticas en 12 localidades ubicadas entre los 90 y 2200 msnm, que representan los tipos y subtipos climáticos y de vegetación del área. En las recolectas se emplearon dos técnicas: búsqueda dirigida con red entomológica aérea en los diferentes microhábitats y colocación de cinco a siete trampas Van Someren-Rydon cebadas con plátano fermentado. Este trabajo permitió obtener 3,108 ejemplares, cuya determinación taxonómica y la revisión de 89 ejemplares y 302 registros de la base de datos Mariposa, del Museo de Zoología de la Facultad de Ciencias de la UNAM y los datos provenientes de otras colecciones mexicanas, generaron una lista integrada de 460 taxones, incluidos en seis familias, 19 subfamilias y 246 géneros. De éstos, 353 taxones son nuevos registros para la Sierra Mazateca y 4 son nuevos para el estado de Oaxaca. La familia más diversa fue Nymphalidae (168 taxones), seguida Hesperiidae (141 taxones), Lycaenidae (57 taxones), Pieridae (42 taxones), Riodinidae (33 taxones) y Papilionidae (19 taxones). Los géneros mejor representados en cuanto a riqueza fueron: Urbanus Hübner, Calephelis Grote & Robinson, Adelpha Hübner, Anthanassa Scudder, 1875, Hamadryas Hübner, Eurema Hübner, Autochton Hübner, Chlosyne A. Butler, Parides Hübner, Heliconius Kluk, Memphis Hübner, Emesis Fabricius, Catasticta A. Butler, Astraptes Hübner y Phoebis Hübner. Con base en la curva de acumulación de especies, empleando el modelo de Clench, se recolectaron el 71.3% (380 taxones) de lo estimado para el área y un total de 87.2% de lo estimado considerando las colecciones adicionales. Respecto a la distribución altitudinal el 77% (360 taxones) son frecuentes en los 90-500 msnm.