The Schröeder-van Laar equation to predict the theoretical eutectic melting temperature values was applied to a set of fourteen binary mixtures (UR1 to UR14). The fourteen binary mixtures belong to a structurally diverse group of organic molecules. They are represented by the 5-membered heterocycles containing N-S and N-O rings, flexible methylene chains (RH), semi-rigid semi-fluorinated chains (RF), and hydrogen bonds (HB). A virtual screening totalizing ninety-one possible theoretical combinations was planned. The UR1 to UR14 were prepared by mixing individual components using the calculated mole fractions. The experimental (Te) and theoretical (Tt) temperatures for the eutectic melting points were determined using polarized optical microscopy (POM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques. Heterogeneous mixtures were formed for components with large structural diversity as seen by POM. During the melting of the mixtures, irregular behavior through the segregation of the components was recorded. The study showed that the similarities in structural diversities favor the formation of homogeneous mixtures, with Te values approaching Tt, as predicted by the Schröeder-van Laar equation and by the theory of eutectic mixtures. Liquid crystal properties were affected in homogeneous binary mixtures containing one of the individual liquid crystal components. Schröedervan Schröeder van UR (UR UR14. . UR14) molecules 5membered membered 5 NS N S NO O rings RH, RH , (RH) semirigid semi rigid semifluorinated fluorinated RF, RF (RF) HB. HB (HB) ninetyone ninety planned fractions (Te Tt (Tt POM (POM DSC (DSC techniques recorded (RH (RF (HB

Resumen: Los asfaltenos son mezclas ultracomplejas que impactan negativamente la refinación, producción y transporte del petróleo. El interés en su estudio abarca desde su caracterización para definir su estructura molecular, hasta la comprensión de su comportamiento interfacial. Los asfaltenos presentan una gran diversidad de grupos funcionales y diferentes tipos de asociaciones como las de tipo no covalentes, enlaces de hidrógeno, complejo de coordinación e interacciones entre núcleos aromáticos paralelos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la composición presente en asfaltenos extraídos de crudos pesados y extrapesados mediante espectroscopía derivada. Se prepararon soluciones de asfaltenos en el rango de concentración de 20 mg/L a 100 mg/L y se analizaron con espectroscopía UV-Vis. La selección de los espectros de orden cero para el procesamiento se realizó con base en la nitidez presente. Los espectros fueron procesados con OriginPro 8.5, para la obtención de espectros derivados de primer y segundo orden. El procesamiento de los espectros de orden cero fue realizado con los filtros Savitsky-Golay y transformada rápida de Fourier (FFT). Los espectros derivados obtenidos presentaron señales nítidas con presencia de poco ruido, lo que hizo posible la identificación de grupos funcionales aromáticos, de 1 a 4 anillos en el rango de longitudes onda de 200 nm a 450 nm. El uso de filtros mejoró la calidad de las señales y permitió la identificación de componentes y estructuras presentes en asfaltenos. El filtro de Savitsky-Golay incrementó la resolución de los espectros derivados de asfaltenos extraídos de crudos pesados y el filtro FFT de asfaltenos de crudos extrapesados. Se observaron diferencias morfológicas entre los asfaltenos extraídos de crudos pesados y extrapesados mediante SEM, que pueden ser relacionadas con la composición y estructuras aromáticas presentes en asfaltenos.

Abstract: Asphaltenes are ultra-complex mixtures that negatively impact oil refining, production and transportation. The interest in its study ranges from its characterization to define its molecular structure, to the understanding of its interfacial behavior. Asphaltenes present a great diversity of functional groups and different types of associations such as non-covalent ones, hydrogen bonds, coordination complexes and interactions between parallel aromatic nuclei. The objective of this work was to analyze the composition present in asphaltenes extracted from heavy and extra-heavy crude oils using derivative spectroscopy. Asphaltene solutions were prepared in the concentration range of 20 mg/L to 100 mg/L and analyzed with UV-Vis spectroscopy. The selection of zero-order spectra for processing was made based on the sharpness present. The spectra were subsequently processed with OriginPro 8.5, to obtain first and second-order derived spectra. The processing of the zero order spectra was performed with the Savitsky-Golay and Fast Fourier transform (FFT) filters. The derived spectra obtained presented clear signals with the presence of little noise, which made possible the identification of aromatic functional groups, from 1 to 4 rings in the wavelength range of 200 nm to 450 nm. The use of filters improved the quality of the signals and allowed the identification of components and structures present in asphaltenes. The Savitsky-Golay filter increased the resolution of the spectra derived from asphaltenes extracted from heavy crude oils and the FFT filter increased the asphaltenes extracted from heavy crude oils. Morphological differences between asphaltenes extracted from heavy and extra-heavy crude oils were observed by SEM, which maybe related to the composition and aromatic structures present in asphaltenes.

Abstract The celtic-iberian origin roman pugio FUNCIONA as a possible inspiration of J.R.R. Tolkien for the hobbit's barrow-daggers in The Lord of the Rings.

Resumen El pugio romano de origen celtíbero funciona como una posibilidad de inspiración de las dagas tumularias que utilizan los hobbits de J.R.R. Tolkien en El Señor de los Anillos.

Abstract This article analyzes the topics of house, weathering and hospitality in Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings, a fundamental triad in this writer’s work. This author is approached as a creator of percepts, from the perspective of Deleuze and Guattari. A journey through his novel is made and the function of the characters’ becoming in relation to the dwelling, whether it is the house or the outdoors, and the value of hospitality in the development of the plot is rescued.

Resumen En este artículo se analizan los temas de la casa, la intemperie y la hospitalidad en El señor de los anillos de Tolkien, una tríada fundamental en la obra de este escritor. Se aborda a este autor como un creador de perceptos, desde la perspectiva de Deleuze y Guattari. Se hace un recorrido por su novela y se rescata la función del devenir de los personajes en relación con el habitar, ya sea la casa o la intemperie, y el valor que tiene la hospitalidad en el desarrollo de la trama.

Abstract If we think about it, it is easy to find plenty of reasons to be humble. Life and human work are tiny and irrelevant compared to the grand scale of the cosmos. Human beings are fallible beings, full of flaws and errors. Forces and agencies other than our own (i.e., mentors, coaches, parents, friends, partners, etc.) are often involved in our achievements and the development of our qualities or talents. Moreover, lack of humility is a pernicious trait for it baulks self-improvement and prevents proper acknowledgement of other people’s potential. In the works J.R.R. Tolkien we learn that it was Melkor’s lack of humility before God what brought about his own downfall. And we also see how Sauron’s arrogance, as a myopia of sorts, prevented him from discovering the plans of his rivals and brought about his own destruction. This paper overviews the traditional conception of humility as a golden mean between arrogance and self-deprecation and shows how The Lord of the Rings - understood within its indissoluble bond with The Silmarillion - is a great tale about how humility overthrows arrogance.

Resumen Si pensamos en ello, abundan las razones para ser humildes. La vida y obra humana son pequeñas e irrelevantes frente a la gran escala del cosmos. Los seres humanos somos seres falibles, llenos de errores y defectos. Fuerzas y agencias distintas a las nuestras (i.e., nuestros mentores, padres, maestros, amigos, colegas, etc.) participan con frecuencia en la obtención de nuestros logros y el desarrollo de nuestras cualidades y talentos. Más aún, la falta de humildad es un rasgo pernicioso del carácter que dificulta la autosuperación y desincentiva el apropiado reconocimiento del potencial de las personas que nos rodean. En los trabajos de J.R.R. Tolkien descubrimos que fue la falta de humildad de Melkor ante Dios lo que causó su caída. Y también vemos como la arrogancia de Sauron, como una suerte de miopía, le impidió advertir los planes de sus rivales, dando lugar a su debacle. Este trabajo hace un repaso de la concepción tradicional de la humildad como justo medio entre el defecto de la arrogancia y el exceso del autodesprecio y muestra que El Señor de los Anillos - concebido desde su indisoluble unidad con El Silmarillion - es un gran relato acerca de cómo la humildad triunfa sobre la arrogancia.

Abstract This article explores examples that describe elements in the identification of evil in Middle-earth, found mainly in The Lord of the Rings as well as in some sections of The Silmarillion by the British author J. R. R. Tolkien. Middle-earth as a location, meaning as a cartographic element, becomes a character itself that comprises examples to deepen Tolkien’s conceptualization of evil, mainly in The Two Towers and Mount Doom. Additionally, the evil essence can be perceived more evidently in key characters such as Melkor, Saruman, the Nazgûl, and Denethor, as they develop both hopelessness and a tendency to emptiness, although it also influences Frodo and Sam by allowing in both the eucatastrophic and beneficent resolution of the play. Therefore, the aim is a non-exhaustive approach that proposes a more detailed investigation.

Resumen El presente artículo explora instancias que describen elementos de la identificación de la maldad en la Tierra Media, observados principalmente en El Señor de los Anillos, y en algunas secciones de El Silmarilion del autor británico J. R. R. Tolkien. La Tierra Media como elemento físico, es decir cartográfico, se convierte en un personaje en sí mismo que engloba ejemplificaciones de maldad especialmente a través de las Dos Torres y el Monte del Destino, que brindan profundidad al concepto que Tolkien percibe como Maldad. De forma adicional, la esencia de la maldad se distingue de mayor manera en personajes clave de estas obras, como Melkor, Saruman, los Nazgûl y Denethor al desarrollar tanto la desesperanza como la tendencia a la vacuidad, aunque también ejerce influencia en Frodo y Sam, al permitir en dos últimos, la resolución eucatastrófica y benéfica de la obra. Así, se pretende un acercamiento no exhaustivo, que propone una investigación más detallada.

Zusammenfassung: In diesem Artikel wird das Brasilienbild in Robert Menasses Brasilien-Romanen Sinnliche Gewißheit und Selige Zeiten, brüchige Welt diskutiert. Die Begriffe von Sinnlichkeit und Regression spielen in den Handlungen dieser Romane eine zentrale Rolle, und beziehen sich in erster Linie auf die Schilderungen des Verhaltens der Brasilianern. Die Erleichterung, welche Sinnlichkeit und Regression dem Gewissen ermöglichen, liegt einer dionysischen Freudeerfahrung zugrunde, die auch mit Selbstvergessen verbunden ist. Diese dionysisch-mimetische Erfahrung scheint das eigentliche Thema dieser Romane zu bilden. Es handelt sich um eine kulturfeindliche, ja kulturzerstörerische Freude, um einen Rausch, der die Auflösung des Ichs in einem Kollektivtraum (oder Albtraum) bedeutet, der von Hegel als sinnliche Gewissheit beschrieben wird, und die im Mittelpunkt dieser Romane steht. Die Darstellungen dieses Rausches sind daher als eine Kritik Brasiliens am Ende der Militärdiktatur zu verstehen. Zusammenfassung BrasilienRomanen Brasilien Romanen Zeiten diskutiert Rolle Brasilianern Erleichterung ermöglichen zugrunde ist dionysischmimetische dionysisch mimetische bilden kulturfeindliche Freude Rausch oder Albtraum bedeutet steht verstehen

Abstract: This article discusses the image of Brazil in Robert Menasse’s Sinnliche Gewißheit and Selige Zeiten, brüchige Welt. Sensuality and regression play a decisive role within these two novels’ as they are essential to the author’s rendering of Brazilian characters. The relief provided by mimesis and regression, as discussed by Jeanne Marie Gagnebin, are at the root of a kind of Dionysian pleasure which is portrayed by Menasse as an important aspect of Brazilian culture. This mimetic experience is related to the abandoning of crystallized cultural identities, to the dissolution of the self in the dream (or in nightmare) of Heg el’s sinnliche Gewissheit . Its renderings in the novel can be seen as criticizing the social reality in Brazil in the final years of the military dictatorship. Abstract Menasses s Zeiten Welt novels authors author characters Gagnebin culture identities or nightmare els el dictatorship

Resumo: Este artigo discute a imagem do Brasil nos romances brasileiros de Robert Menasse Sinnliche Gewißheit e Selige Zeiten, brüchige Welt. Os conceitos de sensualidade e de regressão desempenham um papel central nos enredos desses roman ces, relacionando se, particularmente, com os retratos que o autor faz dos brasileiros. O alívio que a mímese e a regressão proporcionam ao indivíduo, como mostra Jeanne Marie Gagnebin, estão na base de um prazer dionisíaco, que é associado por Menasse aos brasileiros . Esta experiência mimética relaciona se ao abandono de identidades culturais cristalizadas e à dissolução do “eu” no sonho (ou pesadêlo) coletivo chamado por Hegel de sinnliche Gewissheit . Suas representações no romance podem ser entendidas co mo críticas ao Brasil à época do fim da ditadura militar. Resumo Zeiten Welt ces particularmente indivíduo Gagnebin dionisíaco eu “eu ou pesadêlo militar

Abstract Let ℜ and ℜ ′ be two associative rings (not necessarily with identity elements). A bijective map φ of ℜ onto ℜ ′ is called an m-multiplicative isomorphism if φ(x 1 · · · x m ) = φ(x 1 )· · · φ(x m ) for all x 1 , . . . , x m ∈ ℜ. In this article, we establish a condition on generalized matrix rings, that assures that multiplicative maps are additive. And then, we apply our result for study of m-multiplicative isomorphisms and m-multiplicative derivations on generalized matrix rings.

Resumen Sean ℜ y ℜ ′ dos anillos asociativos (no necesariamente con elementos identidad). Una aplicación biyectiva φ de ℜ en ℜ ′ se llama un isomorfismo m-multiplicativo si φ(x 1 · · · x m ) = φ(x 1 )· · · φ(x m ) para todos x1, . . . , xm ∈ ℜ. En este artículo, establecemos una condición en anillos de matrices generalizadas que asegura que las aplicaciones multiplicativas sean aditivas. Luego aplicamos nuestro resultado para estudiar isomorfismos m-multiplicativos y derivaciones m-multiplicativas de anillos de matrices generalizadas.

Abstract Vegetation dynamics in forest ecosystems are commonly attributed to climatic factors. However, there is still limited knowledge on how topography influences the climatic sensitivity of forest species. The response of dendroecological indicators of Pinus arizonica to exposure and climatic variability was determined. Indices of ring width (RWI) and Basal area increments (BAI) were obtained. The correlation between RWI and monthly records of accumulated precipitation (PP) and mean temperatures (Tmax and Tmin) was calculated for three periods: 1990-2000 (B1), 2001-2011 (B2), and 2012-2021 (B3). Mann-Whitney and Kruskall-Wallis tests were performed to test for differences in BAI by exposure (northwest, NW and northeast, NE) and by time period, respectively. Tmax limited growth in all three periods, Tmin restricted it in B2 and PP favored it in B1 and B2. A higher BAI was detected in the NW exposure (224.7 mm2 yr-1) compared to the NE (143.9 mm2 yr-1). There was a significant increase in BAI in periods B2 (62.1 mm2 yr-1) and B3 (56.9 mm2 yr-1) compared to B1 (51.2 mm2 yr-1). This highlights the importance of considering topography when analyzing climate-growth associations of forest species. Considering the interaction of climatic factors and microclimates associated with site-specific topography generates an integrated view of ecological processes. This allows proposing better forest management strategies to mitigate the effects of Climate Change.

Resumen La dinámica de la vegetación en ecosistemas forestales, comúnmente, se atribuye a factores climáticos. Sin embargo, aún existe un conocimiento limitado sobre cómo la topografía influye en la sensibilidad climática de especies forestales. Se determinó la respuesta de indicadores dendroecológicos de Pinus arizonica a la exposición y la variabilidad climática. Se obtuvieron índices de ancho de anillo (IAA) e incrementos de área basal (IAB). Se calculó la correlación entre los IAA, registros mensuales de precipitación acumulada (PP) y temperaturas medias (Tmáx y Tmín) en tres periodos: 1990-2000 (B1), 2001-2011 (B2) y 2012-2021 (B3). Se realizaron las pruebas de Mann-Whitney y de Kruskall-Wallis para comprobar diferencias en el IAB por exposición (noroeste, NO y noreste, NE) y por bloque temporal, respectivamente. La Tmáx limitó el crecimiento en los tres periodos, la Tmín lo restringió en el B2 y la PP lo favoreció en los B1 y B2. Se detectó un mayor IAB en la exposición NO (224.7 mm2 año-1) en comparación con la NE (143.9 mm2 año-1). Existió un aumento significativo en el IAB en los periodos B2 (62.1 mm2 año-1) y B3 (56.9 mm2 año-1) en comparación con el B1 (51.2 mm2 año-1). Esto resalta la importancia de considerar la topografía al analizar las asociaciones clima-crecimiento de especies forestales. Considerar la interacción de factores climáticos y microclimas asociados a la topografía específica del sitio, genera una visión integral de los procesos ecológicos, lo que permite proponer mejores estrategias de manejo forestal para la mitigación de los efectos del Cambio Climático.

Abstract: Vascular rings are unusual congenital malformations. Among them, double aortic arch (DAA) is often difficult to diagnose due to its low incidence of symptoms. DAA can be associated with tracheal or esophageal compression and, in severe cases, could require tracheal intubation or chronic use of a nasogastric tube. This scenario favors the development of aortotracheal fistulas (ATF) or aortoe-sophageal fistulas (AEF). Objective: To present a clinical case with an unusual association of DAA with ATF and to reinforce the importance of maintaining high diagnostic suspicion in patients with massive aerodigestive bleeding without an obvious source. Clinical Case: A 32-week preterm newborn who required prolonged mechanical ventilation and presented intermittent episodes of massive oropharyngeal bleeding with hemodynamic compromise associated with lower airway obstruction without pulmonary hemorrhage. The patient underwent upper endoscopy and exploratory laparotomy without evidence of bleeding. Flexible nasopharyngolaryngoscopy and direct laryngoscopy also showed no abnormalities. A CT angiography showed complete DAA with indentation of the left dominant arch over the trachea, without severe stenosis or evidence of a fistula. AEF was suspected, so exploratory surgery was considered. However, the patient died before surgery due to a massive pulmonary hemorrhage. The autopsy revealed the presence of ATF. Conclusions: In patients with massive aerodigestive bleeding without an obvious source, the presence of DAA and possible AEF/ ATF should be considered. Imaging studies have a poor performance for this diagnosis, so surgery should be considered for diagnosis and treatment in these patients.

Resumen: Los anillos vasculares son malformaciones congénitas infrecuentes. Dentro de ellas, el doble arco aórtico (DAA) suele ser de difícil diagnóstico debido a su baja incidencia de síntomas. El DAA puede asociarse a compresión traqueal o esofágica y en casos severos, requerir intubación traqueal o uso crónico de sonda nasogástrica. Esto último, favorece el desarrollo de fístulas aortotraqueales (FAT) y/o aortoesofágicas (FAE). Objetivo: Presentar un caso con una inusual asociación de DAA con FAT y reforzar la importancia de mantener una alta sospecha diagnóstica en pacientes con hemorragia aerodigestiva masiva sin foco evidente. Caso Clínico: Se presenta caso de RNPT de 32 semanas de gestación que requirió ventilación mecánica prolongada con episodios intermitentes de hemorragia orofaríngea masiva, con compromiso hemodinámico, asociado a obstrucción de vía aérea inferior sin hemorragia pulmonar. Endoscopía digestiva alta y laparotomía exploradora sin evidencia de sangrado. Nasofaringolaringoscopía flexible y laringoscopía directa tampoco detectaron anomalías. Angiotomografía computada demostró DAA completo con indentación de arco dominante izquierdo sobre tráquea, sin estenosis severa ni evidencia de fístula. Se sospechó FAE y se planteó exploración quirúrgica. Sin embargo, el paciente falleció previo al procedimiento por hemorragia pulmonar masiva. La autopsia demostró la presencia de FAT. Conclusiones: En pacientes con hemorragia aerodigestiva masiva sin foco evidente se debe considerar la presencia de un DAA y posible FAE/FAT. Los estudios imagenológicos no tienen buen rendimiento para este diagnóstico, por lo que debe considerarse la cirugía como parte del proceso diagnóstico y tratamiento.

Resumo Estimamos o prêmio salarial intraurbano e sua atenuação a partir de um painel balanceado de trabalhadores na área metropolitana de São Paulo, Brasil. Existem poucos estudos lidando com os efeitos de aglomeração nos salários em países em desenvolvimento, especialmente focando em uma escala geográfica detalhada, como consideramos neste artigo. Geocodificamos os dados de emprego em uma grade de 9.071 células de 1km² e comparamos os salários nas células adjacentes. Utilizamos Regressões Ponderadas Geograficamente para determinar o tamanho dos anéis com base no método de minimização do AIC. Utilizamos características observáveis de trabalhadores e empresas e efeitos fixos de empresa, trabalhador e célula para lidar com a seleção de empresas e trabalhadores. O prêmio salarial intraurbano estimado varia de 0,8% a 1,1%, dependendo do tamanho das células (0,5, 1, 2 e 4 km²). O efeito de atenuação é observado, mas restrito a 3km da célula interna e é mais forte para trabalhadores menos educados. Paulo Brasil desenvolvimento detalhada artigo 9071 9 071 9.07 km 1km adjacentes AIC empresa 08 0 8 0,8 11 1 1,1% 0,5, 05 5 (0,5 km². km² . km²) observado educados 907 07 9.0 0, 1,1 0,5 (0, 90 9. (0 (

Abstract We estimated the intra-urban wage premium and its attenuation with a balanced panel of workers in the metropolitan area of Sao Paulo, Brazil. There are few studies dealing with the agglomeration effects on wages in developing countries, especially focusing on a fine geographical scale, as we consider in this paper. We geocoded the employment data on a grid of 9,071 cells of 1 km² and compared wages in the adjoining cells. We use Geographically Weighted Regressions to determine the size of the rings based on the AIC minimization method. We use worker and firm observable characteristics and fixed effects of firm, worker, and cell to deal with the selection of firms and workers. The estimated intra-urban wage premium ranges from 0.8% and 1.1%, depending on the size of the cells (0.5, 1, 2, and 4 km2). The attenuation effect is observed but restricted to 3 km from the inner cell and is stronger for less educated workers. intraurban intra urban Paulo Brazil countries scale paper 9071 9 071 9,07 method 08 0 8 0.8 11 1.1% 0.5, 05 5 (0.5 2 km2. km2 . km2) 907 07 9,0 0. 1.1 0.5 (0. 90 9, 1. (0 (

Resumen Las tierras secas representan el principal bioma terrestre, proveyendo numerosos servicios ecosistémicos a un ingente número de personas. En estos ambientes, los bosques son a menudo dominados por árboles de porte multi-fustal, explotados por los habitantes locales para obtener productos forestales útiles para su sustento. En los territorios del centro-oeste de Argentina, los bosques de Neltuma flexuosa (algarrobo) están distribuidos en diferentes unidades de paisaje, los que presentan variaciones en las características topográficas y edáficas. En este estudio reconstruimos, a través de métodos dendrocronológicos, el crecimiento, el intervalo para obtener productos maderables, y el turno biológico de corta en función de la variabilidad topo-edáfica en tres bosques diferentes de algarrobo. Los resultados indican que la heterogeneidad del paisaje modula el crecimiento radial de la especie, influenciando el incremento diamétrico y el turno de corta. En este sentido, se evidencia una tendencia decreciente en valores de productividad según un gradiente edáfico desde textura limosa a arenosa. Estos hallazgos proveen información novedosa y de utilidad para los planes de manejo forestal de los bosques de N. flexuosa, indicando la necesidad por considerar la heterogeneidad espacial establecidas por las unidades de paisaje/suelos en estudios relativos a la dinámica forestal de los bosques de tierras secas.

Abstract Drylands represent the main earth biome, providing ecosytemic services to a large number of people. Along these environments, woodlands are often dominated by multi-stemmed trees, which are exploited by local inhabitants to obtain forest products for their livelihood. In central-west Argentina, Neltuma flexuosa (algarrobo) woodlands are distributed across different landform units, varying in topographical and soil characteristics. This research aimed to reconstruct stem-growth time until harvestable diameter was achieved, and biological rotation age according to topo-edaphic variability in three algarrobo forests using dendrochronological methods. Results indicated that landform heterogeneity modulated species radial growth, influencing stem increments and cutting cycle period. In this sense, a decreasing trend in tree productivity emerged along a loamy-to-sandy textured soil gradient. These findings provide useful novel information for N. flexuosa forest management, suggesting the need to account for spatial landform/soil heterogeneity when examining desert forest dynamics.

Resumen: Los anillos vasculares son malformaciones congénitas infrecuentes. Dentro de ellas, el doble arco aórtico (DAA) suele ser de difícil diagnóstico debido a su baja incidencia de síntomas. El DAA puede asociarse a compresión traqueal o esofágica y en casos severos, requerir intubación traqueal o uso crónico de sonda nasogástrica. Esto último, favorece el desarrollo de fístulas aortotraqueales (FAT) y/o aortoesofágicas (FAE). Objetivo: Presentar un caso con una inusual asociación de DAA con FAT y reforzar la importancia de mantener una alta sospecha diagnóstica en pacientes con hemorragia aerodigestiva masiva sin foco evidente. Caso Clínico: Se presenta caso de RNPT de 32 semanas de gestación que requirió ventilación mecánica prolongada con episodios intermitentes de hemorragia orofaríngea masiva, con compromiso hemodinámico, asociado a obstrucción de vía aérea inferior sin hemorragia pulmonar. Endoscopía digestiva alta y laparotomía exploradora sin evidencia de sangrado. Nasofaringolaringoscopía flexible y laringoscopía directa tampoco detectaron anomalías. Angiotomografía computada demostró DAA completo con indentación de arco dominante izquierdo sobre tráquea, sin estenosis severa ni evidencia de fístula. Se sospechó FAE y se planteó exploración quirúrgica. Sin embargo, el paciente falleció previo al procedimiento por hemorragia pulmonar masiva. La autopsia demostró la presencia de FAT. Conclusiones: En pacientes con hemorragia aerodigestiva masiva sin foco evidente se debe considerar la presencia de un DAA y posible FAE/FAT. Los estudios imagenológicos no tienen buen rendimiento para este diagnóstico, por lo que debe considerarse la cirugía como parte del proceso diagnóstico y tratamiento.

Abstract: Vascular rings are unusual congenital malformations. Among them, double aortic arch (DAA) is often difficult to diagnose due to its low incidence of symptoms. DAA can be associated with tracheal or esophageal compression and, in severe cases, could require tracheal intubation or chronic use of a nasogastric tube. This scenario favors the development of aortotracheal fistulas (ATF) or aortoe-sophageal fistulas (AEF). Objective: To present a clinical case with an unusual association of DAA with ATF and to reinforce the importance of maintaining high diagnostic suspicion in patients with massive aerodigestive bleeding without an obvious source. Clinical Case: A 32-week preterm newborn who required prolonged mechanical ventilation and presented intermittent episodes of massive oropharyngeal bleeding with hemodynamic compromise associated with lower airway obstruction without pulmonary hemorrhage. The patient underwent upper endoscopy and exploratory laparotomy without evidence of bleeding. Flexible nasopharyngolaryngoscopy and direct laryngoscopy also showed no abnormalities. A CT angiography showed complete DAA with indentation of the left dominant arch over the trachea, without severe stenosis or evidence of a fistula. AEF was suspected, so exploratory surgery was considered. However, the patient died before surgery due to a massive pulmonary hemorrhage. The autopsy revealed the presence of ATF. Conclusions: In patients with massive aerodigestive bleeding without an obvious source, the presence of DAA and possible AEF/ ATF should be considered. Imaging studies have a poor performance for this diagnosis, so surgery should be considered for diagnosis and treatment in these patients.

Abstract The jaboticaba tree (Plinia peruviana (Poir.) Govaerts) is a native Brazilian species, and its fruits are very popular in Brazil. The purpose of this study was to model the diameter growth, and determine the age of jaboticaba trees in four natural populations in Southwest of Paraná State, Brazil. The knowledge of the growth dynamics of this species is essential to assist management and conservation strategies and to discover when this species was established in the region. Core samples were collected to obtain complete growth series by measurement of annual growth rings. The series were crossdated, seven growth models were adjusted, and the best model for each site and a general model were selected using statistics rules. The time series spanned periods of ~75 to ~100 years, and growth ranged between 0.27 and 0.37 cm year-1. Chapman-Richards’ model showed better adherence for locations individually, and Monomolecular when grouped. Because to the age reached by the jaboticaba trees and the high density of this species in these natural populations, consequently named “jaboticabais”, it was inferred that there was an anthropogenic action in the dispersion and formation of the settlements through the indigenous and caboclos that inhabited the region before 1940. Also, this is the first work to register and verify the fusion of trunks for species of the Plinia genus using double piths found in samples, a feature that must be considered to avoid overestimating the age of jaboticaba trees based solely on measuring tree diameter. Poir. Poir (Poir. Govaerts Brazil State rings crossdated adjusted rules 75 ~7 100 ~10 years 027 0 27 0.2 037 37 0.3 year1. year1 year 1. 1 year-1 ChapmanRichards Chapman Richards Chapman-Richards individually grouped jaboticabais, jaboticabais , “jaboticabais” 1940 Also (Poir 7 ~ 10 ~1 02 2 0. 03 3 year- “jaboticabais 194 19

Resumo A jabuticabeira (Plinia peruviana (Poir.) Govaerts) é uma espécie nativa brasileira e seus frutos são muito populares no Brasil. O objetivo deste estudo foi modelar o crescimento diamétrico e determinar a idade de jabuticabeiras em quatro populações naturais no Sudoeste do Paraná, Brasil. O conhecimento da dinâmica de crescimento desta espécie é essencial para auxiliar na definição de estratégias de manejo e conservação e descobrir quando esta espécie se estabeleceu na região. Amostras do tronco foram coletadas para obter séries completas de crescimento através da medição dos anéis de crescimento anuais. As séries foram cruzadas, sete modelos de crescimento foram ajustados e o melhor modelo para cada site e um modelo geral foram selecionados usando regras estatísticas. A série temporal abrangeu períodos de ~75 a ~100 anos, e o crescimento variou entre 0,27 e 0,37 cm ano-1. O modelo de Chapman-Richards apresentou melhor aderência para locais individualmente, e o modelo Monomolecular quando agrupados. Devido à idade atingida pelas jabuticabeiras e à alta densidade desta espécie nessas populações naturais, consequentemente denominadas “jaboticabais”, inferiu-se que houve uma ação antrópica na dispersão e formação destas populações através dos indígenas e caboclos que habitavam a região antes de 1940. Além disso, este é o primeiro trabalho a registrar a fusão de troncos de espécies do gênero Plinia, encontrando medulas duplas em amostras, característica que deve ser considerada para evitar superestimar a idade das jabuticabeiras com base apenas na medição do diâmetro da árvore. Plinia Poir. Poir (Poir. Govaerts Brasil Paraná anuais cruzadas estatísticas 75 ~7 100 ~10 anos 027 0 27 0,2 037 37 0,3 ano1. ano1 ano 1. 1 ano-1 ChapmanRichards Chapman Richards individualmente agrupados jaboticabais, jaboticabais , “jaboticabais” inferiuse inferiu 1940 disso amostras árvore (Poir 7 ~ 10 ~1 02 2 0, 03 3 ano- “jaboticabais 194 19

Abstract Background Vascular dysfunction constitutes the etiology of many diseases, such as myocardial infarction and hypertension, with the disruption of redox homeostasis playing a role in the imbalance of the vasomotor control mechanism. Our group previously has shown that thyroid hormones exert protective effects on the aortic tissue of infarcted rats by improving angiogenesis signaling. Objective Investigate the role of triiodothyronine (T3) on vascular response, exploring its effects on isolated aortas and whether there is an involvement of vascular redox mechanisms. Methods Isolated aortic rings (intact- and denuded-endothelium) precontracted with phenylephrine were incubated with T3 (10-8, 10-7, 10-6, 10-5, and 10-4 M), and tension was recorded using a force-displacement transducer coupled with an acquisition system. To assess the involvement of oxidative stress, aortic rings were preincubated with T3 and subsequently submitted to an in vitro reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation system. The level of significance adopted in the statistical analysis was 5%. Results T3 (10-4 M) promoted vasorelaxation of phenylephrine precontracted aortic rings in both intact- and denuded-endothelium conditions. Aortic rings preincubated in the presence of T3 (10-4 M) also showed decreased vasoconstriction elicited by phenylephrine (1 µM) in intact-endothelium preparations. Moreover, T3 (10-4 M) vasorelaxation effect persisted in aortic rings preincubated with NG-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME, 10 µM), a nonspecific NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor. Finally, T3 (10-4 M) exhibited, in vitro, an antioxidant role by reducing NADPH oxidase activity and increasing SOD activity in the aorta’s homogenates. Conclusion T3 exerts dependent- and independent-endothelium vasodilation effects, which may be related to its role in maintaining redox homeostasis. diseases hypertension mechanism signaling T (T3 response mechanisms intact (intact denudedendothelium denuded endothelium 108, 108 8, 8 (10-8 107, 107 7, 7 10-7 106, 106 6, 6 10-6 105, 105 5, 5 10-5 104 4 10- M, M , forcedisplacement force displacement system stress ROS (ROS 5% (10- conditions 1 ( µM intactendothelium preparations Moreover NGnitroLarginine NG nitro L arginine LNAME, LNAME NAME, NAME (L-NAME µM, NOS (NOS inhibitor Finally exhibited aorta s homogenates dependent independentendothelium independent (T (10

Resumo Fundamento A disfunção vascular constitui a etiologia de diversas doenças, incluindo infarto do miocárdio e hipertensão, diante da ruptura da homeostase oxi-redutiva (“redox”), desempenhando um papel no desequilíbrio do mecanismo de controle vasomotor. Nosso grupo demonstrou anteriormente que os hormônios tireoidianos melhoram a sinalização da angiogênese, exercendo efeitos protetores sobre o tecido aórtico de ratos infartados. Objetivos Investigar o papel da triiodotironina (T3) na resposta vascular, explorando seus efeitos em aortas isoladas e a presença de mecanismos redox vasculares. Métodos Anéis aórticos isolados (endotélio intacto e desnudado) pré-contraídos com fenilefrina foram incubados com T3 (10-8, 10-7, 10-6, 10-5 e 10-4 M) e a tensão foi registrada usando um transdutor de deslocamento de força acoplado a um sistema de coleta. Para avaliar o envolvimento do estresse oxidativo, os anéis aórticos foram pré-incubados com T3 e posteriormente submetidos a um sistema de geração de espécies reativas de oxigênio (ROS) in vitro. O nível de significância adotado na análise estatística foi de 5%. Resultados A T3 (10-4 M) promoveu o vasorrelaxamento dos anéis aórticos pré-contraídos com fenilefrina em endotélio intacto e desnudado. Os anéis aórticos pré-incubados na presença de T3 (10-4 M) também mostraram diminuição da vasoconstrição provocada pela fenilefrina (1 µM) em preparações de endotélio intacto. Além disso, o efeito vasorrelaxante da T3 (10-4 M) persistiu em anéis aórticos pré-incubados com éster metílico de NG-nitro-L-arginina (L-NAME, 10 µM), um inibidor inespecífico da NO sintase (NOS). Por fim, a T3 (10-4 M) exibiu, in vitro, um papel antioxidante ao reduzir a atividade da NADPH oxidase e aumentar a atividade da SOD nos homogenatos aórticos. Conclusão A T3 exerce efeitos dependentes e independentes de endotélio, o que pode estar relacionado ao seu papel na manutenção da homeostase redox. doenças hipertensão oxiredutiva oxi redutiva redox, , (“redox”) vasomotor angiogênese infartados T (T3 vasculares desnudado précontraídos pré contraídos 108, 108 8, 8 (10-8 107, 107 7, 7 10-7 106, 106 6, 6 10-6 105 5 10- 104 4 M coleta oxidativo préincubados ROS (ROS vitro 5% (10- 1 ( µM disso NGnitroLarginina NG nitro L arginina LNAME, LNAME NAME, NAME (L-NAME µM, NOS. NOS . (NOS) fim exibiu (“redox” (T (10 (NOS (“redox