ABSTRACT. Part of the legal literature and jurisprudence have indicated that the Vienna Convention on the International Sale of Goods contains a general right of retention based on the interpretation of several provisions of the Convention, including Article 58 and Article 71. This work analyzes these articles to determine if they are cases of the right of retention, or rather they establish cases of exceptio non adimpleti contractus in its various modalities.

RESUMEN. Parte de la doctrina y la jurisprudencia han señalado que la Convención de Viena sobre compraventa internacional de mercaderías contempla un derecho de retención general a partir de la interpretación de varios artículos de la Convención, entre ellos, el artículo 58 y el artículo 71. El presente trabajo analiza estos artículos para determinar si realmente se trata de supuestos de derecho de retención o si, más bien, establecen supuestos de excepción de contrato no cumplido en sus diversas modalidades.

Resumen En este artículo se analiza el Programa de Retención Escolar de Alumnas/os Madres, Padres y Embarazadas que funciona en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires (Argentina) desde 1999. Específicamente, se indaga en el período comprendido entre 2001 y 2008, cuando se formalizó en un programa de la Secretaría de Educación de la Ciudad. Desde un enfoque cualitativo y a partir de un estudio en casos, se analizan las potencialidades, las limitaciones, los desafíos y los alcances que tuvo, en este período en particular, para garantizar el derecho a la educación.

Abstract This article analyzes the School Retention Program for Pregnant and Parenting Students that has been operating in the City of Buenos Aires (Argentina) since 1999. Specifically, it investigates the period 2001-2008, when it was formalized as a Buenos Aires Secretary of Education program. Following a qualitative approach and on the basis of case studies, we analize the potentialities, limitations, challenges and effects of this particular period to guarantee the right to education.

Abstract Higher education is a key human right to individuals' and societies' development. Latin America and the Caribbean have higher dropout rates than other regions. This article presents an exhaustive review of the evidence on student dropout and permanence in Latin American and Caribbean universities between 1992-2022. A mixed systematic review was carried out following the guidelines of the PRISMA protocol. 217 studies were identified that met the defined criteria. In consideration of the complex nature of the phenomenon, an ecological approach was adopted by grouping the evidence into 67 variables and four levels: subject, institution, educational system and macrosocial context. Most studies focus on the subject level, followed by the institutional level. Research linked to abandonment predominates (76%) compared to those focused on permanence (24%). Studies with quantitative methodology (76%) prevailed over qualitative (10%) and mixed (14%). 25% of the works had an explanatory scope, where descriptive and correlational studies predominate. Which shows the need to increase the complexity of methodological designs. The findings provided an updated evidence map on dropout and permanence in Latin American and Caribbean higher education. Contributions also promote the development of future research, meaningful guidelines for the construction of early warning systems aimed at the prevention of dropout, and keys for the design of institutions that favor student permanence at the university level.

Resumen La educación superior es un derecho humano clave para el desarrollo de las personas y las sociedades. América Latina y el Caribe presentan tasas de abandono superiores a otras regiones. Este artículo muestra una revisión exhaustiva de la evidencia sobre abandono y permanencia de estudiantes en universidades latinoamericanas y caribeñas entre 1992 y 2022. Se desarrolló una revisión sistemática mixta que siguió las directrices del protocolo PRISMA. Se identificaron 217 estudios que cumplieron con los criterios definidos. En consideración con la naturaleza compleja del fenómeno, se adoptó un enfoque ecológico mediante la agrupación de la evidencia en 67 variables y cuatro niveles: sujeto, institución, sistema educativo y contexto macrosocial. La mayoría de los estudios se enfocan en el nivel sujeto, seguido del nivel institucional. Predominan investigaciones vinculadas al abandono (76 %) respecto a aquellas enfocadas en la permanencia (24 %). Prevalecieron estudios con metodología cuantitativa (76 %) sobre los cualitativos (10 %) y mixtos (14 %). Un 25 % de los trabajos tuvieron un alcance explicativo, donde predominan estudios de tipo descriptivo y correlacional, lo cual evidencia la necesidad de incrementar la complejidad de los diseños metodológicos. Los hallazgos brindan un mapa de evidencia actualizado sobre el abandono y la permanencia en la educación superior para la región. Asimismo, se presentan aportes para contribuir al desarrollo de futuras investigaciones, lineamientos útiles para la construcción de sistemas de alerta temprana orientados a la prevención del abandono y claves para el diseño de intervenciones institucionales que favorezcan la permanencia estudiantil a nivel universitario.

Abstract Degrees in Rural Education originate from the historical demands of peasant social movements for an education that takes into account peasant sociocultural realities. The study aims to analyze the socio-educational reality of UFPI/CPCE LEdoC students admitted between 2014 and 2018, situating the trajectory of peasants in rural basic education, in order to understand the challenges of remaining in higher education. Regarding the research method and data analysis, a quantitativequalitative approach was used, with an emphasis on participant-type research, since the field of investigation is the same professional locus of activity as the researchers. To collect data, we used focus group techniques carried out with students, a semi-structured questionnaire that was applied to students enrolled in LEdoC. The dialectical method guided the data analysis in a combination between the reality of the subjects, the historical process and its contradictions. It was concluded by stating that the process of denying the right to education to peasants by the State highlights the need for democratization of the university through an academic culture that considers the socio-cultural specificities of peasants and the reality of basic education in the countryside in the dynamics of overcoming educational inequalities, reducing illiteracy in the countryside and expanding the supply, access and retention in higher education. realities socioeducational socio UFPICPCE UFPI CPCE 201 2018 participanttype participant type researchers semistructured semi structured subjects contradictions cultural inequalities supply 20 2

Resumo As Licenciaturas em Educação do Campo são oriundas das reivindicações históricas dos movimentos sociais camponeses por uma educação que contemple as realidades socioculturais campesinas. O estudo tem como objetivo analisar a realidade socioeducacional dos discentes da LEdoC da UFPI/CPCE, ingressos no interstício de 2014 a 2018, situando assim a trajetória dos camponeses no ensino básico do campo, a fim de compreender os desafios da permanência no ensino superior. Com relação ao método da pesquisa e análise dos dados, foi empregada uma abordagem quantiqualitativa, com ênfase na pesquisa tipo participante, pois o campo de investigação é no mesmo lócus profissional de atuação dos pesquisadores. Para coleta de dados, utilizamos técnicas: de grupo focal, realizado com estudantes, e o questionário semiestruturado que foi aplicado com os discentes matriculados no LEdoC. O método dialético orientou a análise dos dados em uma combinação entre a realidade dos sujeitos, o processo histórico e suas contradições. Concluímos, afirmando, que o processo de negação do direto à educação aos camponeses pelo Estado evidencia a necessidade de democratização da universidade, por meio de uma cultura acadêmica. Nessa perspectiva, urge-se considerar as especificidades socioculturais campesinas e realidade do ensino básico do campo: nas dinâmicas de superação das desigualdades educacionais; na redução do analfabetismo no campo; e, por fim, na ampliação da oferta, do acesso e da permanência no ensino superior. UFPICPCE UFPI CPCE UFPI/CPCE 201 2018 superior quantiqualitativa participante pesquisadores técnicas focal estudantes sujeitos contradições Concluímos afirmando universidade acadêmica perspectiva urgese urge se educacionais oferta 20 2

Resumen Las Licenciaturas en Educación Rural se originan en las demandas históricas de los movimientos sociales campesinos por una educación que tenga en cuenta las realidades socioculturales campesinas. El estudio tiene como objetivo analizar la realidad socioeducativa de los estudiantes LEdoC de la UFPI/CPCE admitidos entre 2014 y 2018, situando la trayectoria de los campesinos en la educación básica rural, para comprender los desafíos de permanencia en la educación superior. En cuanto al método de investigación y análisis de los datos, se utilizó un enfoque cuantitativo-cualitativo, con énfasis en la investigación de tipo participante, ya que el campo de investigación es el mismo locus de actividad profesional de los investigadores. Para la recolección de datos se utilizaron técnicas de focus group realizadas con estudiantes, un cuestionario semiestructurado que se aplicó a los estudiantes matriculados en LEdoC. El método dialéctico guió el análisis de los datos en una combinación entre la realidad de los sujetos, el proceso histórico y sus contradicciones. Se concluyó afirmando que el proceso de negación del derecho a la educación a los campesinos por parte del Estado pone de relieve la necesidad de democratización de la universidad a través de una cultura académica que considere las especificidades socioculturales de los campesinos y la realidad de la educación básica en el campo en la dinámica de superar las desigualdades educativas, reducir el analfabetismo en el campo y ampliar la oferta, el acceso y la retención en la educación superior. campesinas UFPICPCE UFPI CPCE 201 2018 rural superior cuantitativocualitativo, cuantitativocualitativo cuantitativo cualitativo, cualitativo cuantitativo-cualitativo participante investigadores sujetos contradicciones educativas oferta 20 2

Abstract In Ecuador there is uncertainty as to the effects of the payment of a tax obligation even though the prescription has been declared. There are two different opinions on this matter. The tax law understands the prescription to disappear the obligation. If this is the case, a subsequent payment opens the possibility of requesting an improper payment. It is also determined as the extinction of the recovery action of the taxpayer. The article analyzes, by means of an analysis of the most relevant norms and doctrine, the effects of the prescription. In the results of the study, it is concluded that, together with the prescription, the action of the active subject is eliminated. Therefore, by means of the supplementary nature of the norm, the prescribed tax obligation becomes natural since there is no right to demand the obligation and granting it a right of retention.

Resumen En Ecuador existe incertidumbre sobre los efectos del pago de una obligación tributaria a pesar de haberse declarado la prescripción. Al respecto, se enuncian dos criterios distintos. El primero, se basa en que la norma tributaria entiende la prescripción como una forma de desaparecer la obligación. Si fuera así, un pago posterior abre la posibilidad de solicitar un pago indebido. Por otro lado, se la determina como la extinción de la acción de cobro del sujeto activo. En ese sentido, el artículo analiza los efectos de la prescripción, concluyendo que junto a la prescripción se elimina la acción del sujeto activo. Por tanto, mediante la supletoriedad de la norma, la obligación tributaria prescrita deviene en natural al no existir un derecho para exigir la obligación, otorgándole un derecho de retención.

Abstract Background Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting about 10% of women of reproductive age. Endometrioma is the most common presentation of endometriosis in ovaries. Objectives Herein, the authors study the effect of the ultrasound-guided ethanol retention technique for endometrioma sclerotherapy and its effect on the plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Materials and methods Each endometrioma was aspirated and washed with 0.9% saline until clearance and then 2/3 of the cyst volume was filled with ethanol 98%. Patients were followed for 3 months. After that, changes in their cyst diameter, dyspareunia, dysmenorrhea, and antral follicular count were assessed. Also, the sera levels of Interleukin 1β (IL-β), IL-6, and IL-8 were assayed before and after the treatment. The primary sera levels were also compared with a control group. Results In the treatment and control groups, 23 and 25 individuals (respectively) with a matched mean age (p-value = 0.680) were enrolled in the study. Among the laboratory variables, IL-1β (p-value = 0.035), as well as AMH (p-value = 0.002), were lower, and IL-6 (p-value = 0.011) was higher in the endometriosis group compared to the controls. Following the treatment, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and the mean diameter of all cysts were significantly (p-values < 0.001) decreased in the treatment group. Also, right (p-value = 0.022) and left (p-value = 0.002) ovaries' antral follicular counts were increased following the treatment. No significant change was found among any of the investigated laboratory levels (p-value > 0.05). Conclusion Ethanol retention method is proven to be safe and could improve the clinical status of patients with endometrioma. Although further studies are necessary. 10 ovaries Herein ultrasoundguided ultrasound guided proinflammatory pro cytokines 09 0 9 0.9 2 2/ 98 98% months that dyspareunia dysmenorrhea assessed Also β ILβ, ILβ IL , (IL-β) IL6, IL6 6, 6 IL8 8 IL- groups respectively (respectively pvalue p value 0.680 0680 680 variables IL1β 0.035, 0035 0.035 035 0.035) 0.002, 0002 0.002 002 lower 0.011 0011 011 controls pvalues values 0.001 0001 001 0.022 0022 022 0.05. 005 0.05 . 05 0.05) necessary 1 0. (IL-β 0.68 068 68 003 0.03 03 000 0.00 00 0.01 01 0.02 02 0.0 0.6 06

Abstract Introduction: The ischemic window of kidney parenchyma is narrow, so a rapid development of renal infarction after acute renal artery occlusion is expected. However, patients often present with nonspecific symptoms and laboratory findings, making the early diagnosis challenging and contributing to treatment delay. Irreversible kidney dysfunction seems not to depend on the total warm ischemia time alone, and other factors could play a role. Case report: A 64-year-old male with chronic kidney disease presented to the emergency department with acute kidney injury of unknown etiology. Unfavorable evolution demanded the initiation of hemodialysis due to refractory hypervolemia and resistant high blood pressure some days later. A computed tomography angiography showed aortoiliac occlusion starting below the superior mesenteric artery, conditioning the occlusion of the proximal segment of both renal arteries. A splenorenal retrocaval bypass was done uneventfully, 21 days after the initial presentation, to revascularize the right kidney. After surgery, the patient showed marked improvement of diuresis with decreased nitrogen retention parameters, allowing definitive suspension of the dialysis technique in the first post-operative week and controlled blood pressure. Serum creatinine dropped to baseline and remained stable at one year of follow-up. Chronic limb-threatening ischemia developed later in the left lower limb, and the patient was revascularized with an axillobifemoral bypass. Conclusion: Our case highlights the benefit of aggressive late renal revascularization in selected patients with acute renal artery occlusion who maintain residual tubular function and some perfusion of kidneys despite proximal occlusion of the renal artery. More extensive studies would be essential to provide adequate patient selection and management recommendations.

Resumen La ránula es una lesión pseudoquística causada por la retención de contenido salival de la glándula sublingual en el tejido conjuntivo subyacente, siendo la patología más frecuente de esta glándula. Su localización es a nivel del suelo de la boca, pudiendo en ocasiones extenderse a través del músculo milohioideo hacia la región submaxilar o cervical (ránula plunging o cervical), presentándose clínicamente como una tumoración laterocervical de crecimiento lento. El apoyo de imágenes mediante ecografía, tomografía computarizada, o RM (resonancia magnética) es fundamental para un correcto diagnóstico. Respecto al tratamiento, el procedimiento más aceptado y con menos tasas de recurrencia es la escisión de la ránula cervical por abordaje laterocervical, asociada a la extirpación de la glándula sublingual implicada vía transoral. Aquí presentamos el caso clínico de un varón de 25 años quien presenta una masa laterocervical derecha de seis meses de evolución de crecimiento progresivo e indoloro. La ecografía y RM confirman una ránula cervical gigante de 62x45x101 mm, que se localiza en espacio submandibular derecho, alcanzando el espacio parafaríngeo en su vertiente más craneal. Debido a las características de la lesión y su anatomía se decide tratamiento quirúrgico.

Abstract The ranula is a pseudocystic lesion caused by the retention of salivary content of the sublingual gland in the underlying connective tissue, being the most frequent pathology of this gland. Its location is at the level of the floor of the mouth and can sometimes extend through the mylohyoid muscle towards the submaxillary or cervical region (plunging or cervical ranula), clinically presenting as a slow-growing laterocervical tumor. The support of images by ultrasound, computed tTomography or MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) is essential for a correct diagnosis. Regarding treatment, the most accepted procedure, and with the lowest recurrence rates is excision of the cervical ranula by the laterocervical approach, associated with the transoral removal of the involved sublingual gland. Here, we present the clinical case of a 25-year-old man who presented a six-month-old right laterocervical mass of progressive and painless growth. Ultrasound and MRI confirmed a giant cervical ranula measuring approximately 62x45x101 mm, located in the right submandibular space, reaching the parapharyngeal space in its most cranial aspect. Due to the characteristics of the injury and its anatomy, surgical treatment was decided.

Abstract Introduction The maxillary sinus and its variations are very important to dentistry and rhinology. Objective To investigate the effect of the accessory maxillary ostium (AMO) on the variations of adjacent structures of the maxillary sinus. Methods The computed tomography (CT) images of 400 patients were retrospectively evaluated. The prevalence of AMO was calculated. The relationship between morphological variations of adjacent structures of maxillary sinus such as agger nasi cell (ANC), Haller cell (HC), nasal septum deviation (NSD), hypertrophy of inferior concha (HIC), pneumatization of middle concha (PMC), mucus retention cyst (MRC), mucosal thickening (MT), and maxillary sinusitis (MS), as well as the presence of AMO, were investigated. Results Presence of AMO was diagnosed in 42 patients (10.5%), having been found in 4.5% of the patients only on the right side, in 1.25% of the patients only on the left side, and in 4.75% of the patients on both sides. There is an increasing incidence of ANC, HC, NSD, HIC, and PMC in the presence of AMO and MS. There is a decreasing incidence of MRC in the presence of AMO. Furthermore, AMO does not affect the incidence of MT. Conclusion This study showed that most parameters, except for MRC and MT, had increasing incidence in the presence of AMO. It is important for radiologists and rhinologists to have knowledge about the location of AMO and the presence of variations of MS adjacent structures to avoid surgical complications. rhinology (AMO CT (CT 40 evaluated calculated ANC , (ANC) HC (HC) NSD (NSD) HIC (HIC) PMC, (PMC) MRC, (MRC) MT (MT) MS, (MS) investigated 4 10.5%, 105 10.5% 10 5 (10.5%) 45 4.5 side 125 1 25 1.25 475 75 4.75 sides Furthermore parameters complications (ANC (HC (NSD (HIC (PMC (MRC (MT (MS 10.5 (10.5% 4. 12 2 1.2 47 7 4.7 10. (10.5 1. (10. (10 (1 (

Resumen Esta investigación evaluó el uso de textos multimodales para la adquisición y retención de vocabulario de 18 jóvenes estudiantes de inglés como lengua extranjera de entre 11 y 12 años de edad y matriculados en una escuela primaria de Chile. Los textos multimodales (memes) fueron diseñados por los investigadores y seleccionados para cumplir con diferentes criterios en términos de vocabulario. Para recopilar información, se aplicaron tres pruebas de vocabulario: antes, inmediatamente después y dos semanas después del final de la intervención. Los datos de las pruebas se analizaron con estadísticas descriptivas, mientras que los grupos de discusión se interpretaron con la técnica de análisis de contenido. Los resultados revelan un aumento en la adquisición y retención del vocabulario elegido. Además, el grupo focal realizado con los alumnos muestra que los estudiantes jóvenes valoran la adquisición del inglés como lengua extranjera, especialmente a través del uso de vocabulario. Por último, el uso de textos multimodales en el aula es percibido por los alumnos como una forma innovadora y divertida de aprender.

Abstract This research assessed the use of multimodal texts for vocabulary acquisition and retention of 18 EFL young learners from 6th grade aged between 11 and 12 years and enrolled in a primary school in Chile. The multimodal texts (memes) were designed by the researchers and selected to meet different criteria in terms of vocabulary. To gather information, three vocabulary tests were administered: before, right after, and two weeks after the end of the intervention. The data from the tests were analyzed with descriptive statistics, while the focus groups were interpreted with the content analysis technique. The results reveal an increase in the acquisition and retention of the selected vocabulary. Furthermore, the focus group conducted with the students shows that young learners value the acquisition of English as a foreign language, especially through the use of vocabulary. Finally, the use of multimodal texts in the classroom is perceived by students as an innovative and fun way to learn.

ABSTRACT Myrciaria dubia (camu-camu) is an Amazonian fruit of economic importance. The most common problems are the damage caused by Conotrachelus dubiae and the drop of developing fruits. The objective was to clarify the factors influencing post-defoliation fruit retention influenced by C. dubiae in flooded areas. Four treatments were applied: control (T1), bottle trap (T2), adhesive tape trap (T3), and foliar fertilization (T4). The research was conducted at a camu-camu plot on the Amazon River banks. As an additional control, plants at a highland plot were evaluated. Data on the retention of flowers and fruits, yield, and quality were obtained. The presence of pests was monitored, and fruits attacked by C. dubiae were harvested. T2 showed the highest levels of damaged fruit (11.9% ± 9) and fruit retention (24.5% ± 21). This supports the hypothesis that the primary cause of fruit drop is not pest damage. In fact, T4 was the most effective pest control (damaged fruits: 4.1% ± 4). The critical period for fruit retention was right after the fruit set. Defoliation did not have any effects on fruit quality. Flowering induction, unusually occurring during the flooding period, explains the high stress that caused low fruit retention.

RESUMEN Myrciaria dubia (camu-camu) es un frutal amazónico de importancia económica. Los problemas más comunes son el daño ocasionado por Conotrachelus dubiae y la caída de los frutos en desarrollo. El objetivo fue encontrar los factores que influyen sobre la retención de frutos post-defoliación en áreas inundables. Se aplicaron cuatro tratamientos: testigo (T1), trampa botella (T2), trampa cinta adhesiva (T3) y fertilización foliar (T4). La investigación se realizó en una parcela de camu-camu en la orilla del río Amazonas. Como testigo adicional se evaluaron plantas en tierra firme. Se obtuvieron datos sobre la retención de flores y frutos, su rendimiento y calidad. Se monitoreó la presencia de plagas; además, se cosecharon frutos atacados por C. dubiae. T2 mostró los niveles más altos de frutos dañadas (11,9% ± 9) y de retención de frutos (24,5% ± 21). Esto respalda la hipótesis de que la primera causa de la caída de frutos no se debe al daño por plagas. De hecho, T4 resultó ser el control de plagas más efectivo (frutos dañados: 4,1% ± 4). El período crítico para la retención del fruto fue inmediatamente después de su cuajado. La defoliación no afectó la calidad de los frutos. La inducción floral, ocurrida inusualmente durante la inundación, explica el alto estrés que causó una baja retención de frutos.

Resumo Este artigo apresenta os impactos das cortes constitucionais em modelar os parâmetros do devido processo no contexto da aplicação das novas tecnologias no processo penal. Medidas de vigilância baseadas no uso de novas tecnologias pelas agências de persecução são altamente intrusivos em essência e podem violar não somente o direito constitucional à privacidade, mas também, na visão da autora, garantias do devido processo e direitos processuais do suspeito. O objetivo deste artigo é indicar qual a extensão da contribuição das cortes constitucionais para o estabelecimento de critérios processuais nas atividades de obtenção de provas por meio de novas tecnologias (em relação tanto ao conteúdo quanto à metadata), assim como apresentar os potenciais problemas nesse tema, os quais deverão ser enfrentados pelas cortes no futuro.

Abstract This article presents the impact of constitutional courts in shaping the fair trial standards in the context of new technologies application in the criminal proceedings. Surveillance measures based on the use of new technologies by law enforcement agencies are highly intrusive in nature and may violate not only the constitutional right to privacy, but also, in the author’s opinion, guarantees of the fair trial and procedural rights of the suspect. The aim of the article is to indicate to what extent constitutional courts have contributed to establishing the procedural standards in the activities of gathering evidence using new technologies (regarding both content and metadata), as well as to present potential problems in this area that courts will have to face in the future.

Abstract: The research addresses the phenomenon of retention, from the social paradigm of the disability in students with intellectual disabilities in a Technical Training Center. It is qualitative and is developed through a case study. The objective is to relate the support strategies implemented in the institution, with the retention of students with disabilities. The sample is made up of six students, information was collected through documents and in-depth interviews, which were analyzed from the content and categorical analysis. The results indicate that there are different follow-up strategies and protocols that favor retention. In addition, students with disabilities value these strategies positively, highlighting tutorials and mentoring. The research is relevant since the retention of students with disabilities implies guaranteeing their right to education, promoting their independent life and their inclusion in society.

Resumen: La investigación aborda el fenómeno de la retención, desde el paradigma social de la discapacidad en estudiantes con discapacidad intelectual en un Centro de Formación Técnica. Es de tipo cualitativa y se desarrolla a través de un estudio de caso. El objetivo es relacionar las estrategias de apoyo implementadas en la institución, con la retención de estudiantes en situación de discapacidad. La muestra son seis estudiantes, se levantó información mediante documentos y entrevistas en profundidad, que fueron analizadas desde el contenido y el análisis categorial. Los resultados señalan que existen diferentes estrategias de acompañamiento y protocolos que favorecen la retención. Además, que las y los estudiantes en situación de discapacidad valoran positivamente estas estrategias, resaltando las tutorías y el mentoring. La investigación es relevante ya que la retención de estudiantes con discapacidad implica garantizar su derecho a la educación, favorecer su vida independiente y su inclusión en la sociedad.

RESUMO O objetivo desse estudo foi relatar um caso raro de uma calcificação assintomática de tamanho e formato incomum, no interior do seio maxilar, diagnosticado em um exame de tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico, além de discutir a importância do conhecimento da anatomia do seio maxilar e suas alterações, avaliando cuidadosamente todo o volume das imagens, independentemente da região de interesse. Paciente do sexo feminino, 83 anos de idade, realizou uma tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico para outros fins de diagnóstico na região bucomaxilofacial. Ao analisar todo volume da tomografia encontrou-se uma imagem de limites incomuns, hiperdensa e calcificada, no seio maxilar direito, próximo a parede anterior e medial, com formato arredondado e homogêneo, ocupando aproximadamente um terço do seio maxilar, com as suas paredes intactas e sem nenhuma lesão lítica ou erosiva. As principais hipóteses diagnosticas levantadas foram antrólito gigante, fenômeno de retenção mucoso e osteoma. Devido a complexidade anatômica do seio maxilar, o diagnóstico nessa região se torna um desafio. Considerando as limitações dos exames 2D, a tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico pode ser empregada para a avaliação dessas estruturas. O conhecimento do raciocínio diagnóstico e das hipóteses diferenciais são de extrema importância para o que o caso seja conduzido corretamente, porém não substituem a biópsia e o exame histopatológico.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to report a rare case of an asymptomatic calcification of unusual size and shape, inside the maxillary sinus identified on a cone beam computed tomography exam and to discuss the importance of knowledge of the anatomy of maxillary sinus and its changes carefully evaluating the entire volume of the images, regardless of the region of interest. An 83-year-old female patient underwent a cone beam computed tomography exam for other diagnostic purposes in the maxillofacial region. When analyzing the entire volume, an image of unusual limits, hyperdense and calcified was found in the right maxillary sinus, close to the anterior and medial wall, with a rounded and homogeneous shape, occupying approximately one third of the maxillary sinus. There was no lytic or erosive lesions on the maxillary sinus wall. The main diagnostic hypotheses raised were giant anthrolith, mucous retention phenomenon and osteoma. Due to the anatomical complexity of the maxillary sinus, diagnosis in this region becomes a challenge. Considering the limitations of 2D exams, the cone beam computed tomography exam can be used to evaluate these structures. Knowledge of differential hypotheses is extremely important for the case to be conducted correctly, but it does not replace biopsy and histopathological examination.

Resumen Objetivo: Presentar el caso de una patología poco común como es el fibro-odontoma ameloblástico (FOA), su manejo interdisciplinario y su resolución quirúrgica. Caso clínico: En este reporte de caso describimos un FOA en una paciente de 10 años, ubicado en el cuerpo mandibular derecho, asociado a las raíces de molares temporales que generó la retención de premolares. Se realizó la enucleación completa de la lesión, exodoncia de los temporales asociados y se decidió mantener los dientes definitivos y esperar su erupción espontánea. Es importante considerar la posibilidad de mantener el diente retenido si este no dificulta la exéresis de la lesión, ya sea para su erupción espontánea o rescate ortodóntico, lo cual es posible observar en este caso en el que se aprecia una evolución intraósea favorable. Con respecto al seguimiento, se recomienda el control a largo plazo con el fin de controlar la erupción del órgano dentario o la aparición de posibles recidivas.

Abstract Aim: To present a clinical case of a rare pathology, the ameloblastic fibro odontoma (AFO), its interdisciplinary management and its surgical resolution. Clinical case: In this case report we describe an AFO in a 10-years-old patient, localized in the right hand side of the body of the mandible, associated with the roots of temporary molars that generated the retention of the premolars. Complete enucleation of the lesion and the extraction of the associated temporary molars were performed. It was decided to keep the permanent teeth and to wait for their spontaneous eruption. It is important to consider the possibility of keeping the retained teeth if it does not hinder the excision of the lesion, either for its spontaneous eruption or orthodontic rescue, which is possible to see in this case, in which a favorable intraosseous evolution is appreciated. With regard to follow-up, long-term monitoring is recommended in order to control the eruption of the dental organ or the appearance of possible recurrences.