RESUMO Objetivou-se identificar estudos avaliativos de políticas, programas ou serviços de atenção a sobreviventes de violência sexual, caracterizando os tipos de avaliação, as estratégias metodológicas e fontes de evidências utilizadas. Realizou-se revisão integrativa da literatura produzida entre 2012 e 2022, identificada em bases nacionais e internacionais, a partir dos descritores “Sex Offenses” (OR) “Rape” (AND) “Evaluation” (OR) “Health Evaluation”. Selecionaram-se 23 artigos que cumpriram os critérios de inclusão, em sua maioria, produzidos em países da América Latina e Caribe (43,5%) ou em países africanos (17,4%), publicados, principalmente, em inglês (65%). A maioria dos estudos (60,9%) tinha propósito formativo, com foco no processo, dos quais, apenas 34,8% mencionavam um quadro teórico conceitual no campo da avaliação em saúde. Os métodos quantitativos foram utilizados em 60,9% dos estudos, enquanto os métodos qualitativos foram utilizados em 26,1%. Não foram identificados instrumentos padronizados para avaliação de políticas, programas ou serviços de atenção a sobreviventes de violência sexual. Conclui-se reconhecendo a diversidade e a riqueza de abordagens e estratégias metodológicas para avaliar as políticas, os programas e serviços de atendimento às mulheres em situação de violência sexual. Sugere-se aprimorar a menção ao quadro teórico conceitual como aspecto fundamental na condução desses estudos.

ABSTRACT The aim was to identify studies that evaluate policies, programs, or services for survivors of sex offenses, characterizing the types of evaluations conducted, the methodological strategies, and the sources of evidence used. An integrative literature review was conducted covering the period from 2012 to 2022, identified in national and international databases, using the descriptors “Sex Offenses” (OR) “Rape” (AND) “Evaluation” (OR) “Health Evaluation”. Twenty-three articles that met the inclusion criteria were selected. Most articles were produced in Latin American and Caribbean countries (43.5%) or African countries (17.4%), and were mainly published in English (65%). Most of the studies had a training purpose, focusing on the process (60.9%), of which only 34.8% mentioned a conceptual theoretical framework in the field of health evaluation. Quantitative methods were used in 60.9% of the studies, while qualitative methods were used in only 26.1%. No standardized instruments were identified to evaluate services for individuals experiencing sexual violence. The article concludes by recognizing the diversity and richness of approaches and methodological strategies for evaluating policies, programs, and services for women experiencing sexual violence. We suggest that the conceptual theoretical framework is enhanced as a fundamental aspect in conducting these studies.

Resumo Vários inventários da herpetofauna têm sido conduzidos na região Neotropical. No entanto, muitas áreas permanecem por investigar, e isto é particularmente verdade nas zonas de transição entre ecorregiões. Aqui descrevemos a riqueza, composição de espécies e abundância da herpetofauna de uma porção pouco conhecida do Cerrado brasileiro e avaliamos as semelhanças taxonômicas das assembleias entre os habitats amostrados e entre ecorregiões vizinhas. Um inventário herpetológico de médio prazo foi realizado entre maio de 2009 e janeiro de 2011 na Estação Ecológica Serra das Araras (SAES), por meio de armadilhas de interceptação e queda em cinco hábitats florestados e abertos. Nestes e em habitats adicionais, também foram utilizadas buscas visuais e acústicas e encontros ocasionais para acessar a composição da herpetofauna, juntamente com dados de literatura e exame de exemplares depositados em coleções. Também comparamos a composição de espécies do SAES em escala regional com aquelas de outras 29 localidades previamente estudadas em nove ecorregiões sul-americanas. Documentamos 123 espécies no SAES (39 anfíbios e 84 répteis), das quais 112 foram registradas durante os inventários de campo. A riqueza de espécies foi maior na mata ciliar e menor na floresta seca semidecídua e cerradão. Matas ciliares também apresentaram maior número de espécies exclusivas, enquanto apenas uma espécie exclusiva foi encontrada no cerradão. Cerrado sensu stricto e parque cerrado apresentaram 53 e 40 espécies, incluindo sete e dez espécies exclusivas, respectivamente, e mostraram maior similaridade entre si do que com os habitats florestados amostrados. Em comparação com outras localidades já inventariadas no Cerrado, a SAES abriga uma das mais diversas assembléias da herpetofauna. Isto pode ser atribuído a esforços de amostragem continuados e à acentuada heterogeneidade ambiental resultante do perfil topográfico e da confluência de diversas ecorregiões. A composição de espécies de anfíbios no SAES é mais semelhante a uma localidade próxima também estudada no Cerrado e a assembleias da Floresta Seca de Chiquitano, enquanto a composição de espécies de répteis está aninhada entre as assembleias estudadas no Cerrado. Nossos resultados indicam que a herpetofauna do SAES é rica e representativa da biodiversidade regional, com composição de espécies que evidencia seu caráter transitório.

Abstract Several herpetofaunal inventories have been conducted in the Neotropical region. However, many areas remain to be investigated, and this is particularly true of transition zones between distinct ecoregions. Herein we describe the richness, species composition, and abundance of herpetofauna from a scarcely known portion of the Brazilian Cerrado and assess the taxonomic similarities of the assemblages among the sampled habitats and between neighbouring ecoregions. A mid-term herpetological inventory was conducted from May 2009 to January 2011 at Serra das Araras Ecological Station (SAES) using pitfall traps with drift fences in five distinct forested and open habitats. In these and in additional habitats, visual and acoustic searches and occasional encounters were also used to access the local composition of the herpetofauna, together with literature data and examination of specimens deposited in collections. We also compared the species composition at SAES on a regional scale with those of other 29 localities previously studied in nine South American ecoregions. We documented 123 species at the SAES (39 amphibians and 84 reptiles), 112 of which were recorded during the field inventory. Richness was highest in riparian forests and lowest in semi-deciduous dry forest and cerrado woodland. Riparian forests also presented the highest number of exclusive species, while only one exclusive species was found in cerrado woodland. Cerrado sensu stricto and cerrado parkland contained 53 and 40 species, including seven and 10 exclusive species, respectively, and showed greater similarity than the sampled forested habitats. In comparison to other localities in the Cerrado (including transition zones), SAES is home to one of the most diverse assemblages of herpetofauna. This may be attributed to continued sampling efforts and to the marked environmental heterogeneity resulting from the topographic profile and confluence of several ecoregions. Amphibian species composition at SAES is more similar to a nearby locality also studied in the Cerrado and to Chiquitano Dry Forest assemblages, while the reptile species composition is nested among the assemblages studied in the Cerrado. Our findings indicate that the herpetofauna of SAES is rich and representative of the regional biodiversity, with species composition evidencing its transitional character.

Resumo: Objetivo Neste estudo, nós investigamos a resposta da composição, diversidade e abundância de microcrustáceos (Cladocera e Copepoda) à origem do lago (natural e artificial) e ao estado trófico (mesotrófico e eutrófico, com eutrofização natural e eutrofização artificial). Testamos as seguintes hipóteses: (I) o aumento na abundância de certas espécies de microcrustáceos pode indicar um aumento no nível trófico; (II) a riqueza e a abundância variam entre os lagos e são maiores no lago com eutrofização natural; e (III) a abundância de microcrustáceos está associada à alta produtividade primária, sendo maior no ambiente eutrófico com eutrofização artificial. Métodos O estudo foi realizado em um segmento da bacia do rio Paranapanema, no sudeste do Brasil, com foco em cinco lagos em um trecho de oito quilômetros, para entender as respostas dos diferentes organismos em condições distintas de ambientes aquáticos. A amostragem foi realizada bimestralmente ao longo de um ano. Resultados Uma análise de componentes principais (PCA) separou três tipos de lagos: eutróficos (naturais e artificiais) a mesotróficos. Adicionalmente, 25 táxons foram encontrados. A análise SIMPER filtrou seis espécies com mais de 70% de contribuição de dissimilaridade. Cinco espécies apresentaram diferenças entre os lagos, uma espécie correlacionada com variáveis naturais, como profundidade. A análise de redundância associou a abundância de Bosminopsis deitersi com lagos eutróficos artificiais e com as variáveis condutividade elétrica, fósforo, nitrogênio, clorofila-a e dureza. Altas abundâncias de B. deitersi indicaram eutrofização artificial especialmente em lagos artificiais, enquanto lagos naturais com eutrofização natural não foram ambientes favoráveis para o aumento da abundância de B. deitersi. Conclusões Este estudo destaca os lagos de meandros neotropicais, enfatizando a importância da caracterização físico-química, da amostragem temporal detalhada e da classificação dos lagos por origem e nível trófico.

Abstract: Aim In this study, we investigated the response of microcrustaceans composition, diversity and abundance (Cladocera and Copepoda) to the lake’s origin (natural and man-made) and trophic state (mesotrophic and eutrophic, with natural eutrophication and artificial eutrophication). We tested the following hypotheses: (I) the increase in the abundance of certain microcrustacean species may indicate a rise in the trophic level; (II) the richness and abundance vary amongst lakes and are higher in the lake with natural eutrophication; and (III) the microcrustaceans abundance is associate with high primary productivity, being higher in the eutrophic environment with artificial eutrophication. Methods The study was conducted in a segment of the Paranapanema River basin, in southeastern Brazil, focusing on five lakes spanning an eight-kilometer stretch, to understand the different organisms' responses to distinct conditions of aquatic environments. Sampling was carried out bimonthly over the course of a year. Results A principal component analysis (PCA) separated three types of lakes: eutrophic (natural and man-made) to mesotrophic. Additionally, 25 taxa were found. SIMPER analysis filtered six species with more than 70% dissimilarity contribution. Five species exhibited differences amongst the lakes, one species correlated with natural variables as depth. The redundancy analysis associated the Bosminopsis deitersi abundance with man-made eutrophic lakes and with the variables electrical conductivity, phosphorus, nitrogen, chlorophyll-a, and hardness. High abundances of B. deitersi indicated artificial eutrophication especially in man-made lakes, while natural lakes with natural eutrophication were not favorable environments for the increase of B. deitersi abundance. Conclusions This study highlights the neotropical oxbow lakes, emphasizing the significance of physicochemical characterization, detailed temporal sampling, and lake classification by origin and trophic level.

Die mens was nog altyd 'n maker, 'n skepsel van poiëse. Maar in 'n tyd waar ekologiese verwoesting sommige skepties laat oor die verdienstelikheid van Homo Faber se vermoëns, ondersoek hierdie artikel die ontluikende moontlikheid van saamskepping of simpoiëse. Om die implikasies van die verskuiwing van poiëse na simpoiëse te verstaan, bied hierdie artikel 'n hermeneutiese poging om die wese en aard van die menslike maak-gebeurtenis (poiëse) onder woorde te bring, asook die tipe denke wat die kreatiewe proses op 'n besonder ontblotende manier laat ontvou. Die diepte van sterflike poiëse word benader deur die Duitse filosoof Martin Heidegger (1889-1976) te raadpleeg, en deur verskeie maak-narratiewe in Etienne van Heerden se roman Die swye van Mario Salviati (2000) te ondersoek. Die eerste afdeling skets 'n oorkoepelende interpretasie van Heidegger se verstaan van sterflike skepping en sy formulering van aanvangsdenke as alternatief vir die tekortkominge van voorstellingsdenke. Die vertakkings van poiëse word in die tweede afdeling verder verruim deur Van Heerden se roman te ontleed aan die hand van vier hermeneutiese sirkelvlugte. Daar word aangevoer dat die idee van saamskepping (simpoiëse) latent is in Heidegger se konsep van Gelassenheit en dat dit aannames rakende die eksklusiwiteit van menslike poiëse ondermyn. Die derde afdeling dien as slot en spekuleer kortliks oor die wyse waarop Heidegger se verstaan van poiëse, as manier om die skeppingsoomblik te benader, sterflikes gereedmaak vir simpoiëse.

People have always been makers, creatures of poiesis. However, in a time where many are growing sceptical about the desirability ofHomo Faber's gifts due to the ecological destruction they so often cause, this article investigates the emergent possibilities offered by co-creation or sympoiesis. In order to understand the implications of this shift from poiesis to sympoiesis, the article offers a hermeneutic attempt to come to grips with the essence and nature of the human making-event (poiesis), and the kind of thinking that lets this creative process unfold in a particularly revealing way. The article relies on the influential writings of the German philosopher Martin Heidegger (1889-1976) to plumb the depths of mortal making. For Heidegger, all making stands under the sway of the ancient Greek notion of poiesis. Despite sounding like the word used for poetry, poets merely practice one form of poiesis. This article attempts a more encompassing approach to mortal making by appreciating the ontological associations of poiesis as it relates to Heidegger's understanding of people as beings of care (Sorge). In order to elaborate on the richness and depth of mortal poiesis, and to show how a heroic understanding of poiesis may undermine the potential for sympoiesis, the article will study various making-narratives posited in the novel by Etienne van Heerden, The long silence of Mario Salviati, originally published as Die swye van Mario Salviati (2000). Drawing on the circular (hermeneutic) tendencies Heidegger identifies in mortal existence, and the role played by angels in the novel (and in the Duino Elegies of Rainer Maria Rilke), the article presents four spiralling flights dipping into aspects of poiesis as developed in Van Heerden's novel. The article is structured in three sections. The first section sketches an overarching interpretation ofHeidegger's understanding ofmortal poiesis and his formulation of inceptual thinking (das anfangliche Denken) as alternative for the shortcomings of representational thinking (das vorstellende Denken). In the second section, the Heideggerian interpretation of mortal making is elaborated by interpreting various making-events in Van Heerden's novel. It is shown that the characters in The long silence of Mario Salviati carry an unnecessarily heavy burden when they attempt creative endeavours, because they misunderstand (and are not able to endure) the silent openness imbuing mortal poiesis. In an attempt at challenging their understanding of making, it is argued that Heideggerian Gelassenheit implies an additional move from poiesis to sympoiesis (making-with). The third section serves as conclusion and speculates briefly on the implications of this sympoietic augmentation of poiesis. As such, the article considers the way poietic thinking and poiesis are interwoven in the moment of creation, augments this interpretation by studying several making-narratives in Van Heerden's novel, and uses the resulting understanding to reappraise the way people think about making in terms of sympoiesis. Consequently, the article can be seen as a retrospective reflection on human making amid the harbingers of sympoiesis. The article is both an attempt at making-sense (of poiesis) and making-ready (for sympoiesis). Ultimately, drawing on the latent implications of Heidegger's notion of Gelassenheit, it is proposed that people need to abdicate their claim of being the sole authors of poiesis. To shift from poiesis to sympoiesis is to acknowledge that making is an open yet entwined endeavour: iterative, contingent, impure, awaiting yet guilty, dense, ecstatic-leaping, and fundamentally, care-full. In the same way that Heidegger challenged Cartesian dualism by proposing that people are intimately entangled in the world, making is also shaped by entanglements steeped in mortal care. Sympoiesis, by granting creative agency to these entanglements, is even more open and entangled than poiesis. Therefore, it could be argued that sympoiesis is more in tune with the way people live as beings of care than poiesis, since it engages more kinds of mattering. The article concludes that sympoiesis is the more venturesome form of making that Being seems to be calling us towards.

RESUMEN El propósito de este artículo es presentar un método para la valoración del patrimonio construido a partir de la relación sol-edificio y divulgar la riqueza arquitectónica del conjunto de edificios de la Universidad del Valle sede Meléndez en Cali. La metodología consta de cuatro fases que emplean procedimientos y equipos de levantamiento, monitoreo ambiental, modelado virtual y análisis bioclimáticos. Este enfoque ofrece una perspectiva alternativa para valorar el patrimonio. En el caso de estudio se encontró un conocimiento profundo de los diseñadores sobre estrategias de iluminación natural y control solar, en el cual se identificó la envolvente como un dispositivo arquitectónico complejo que contribuye tanto a la estética como al confort. La metodología permite combinar enfoques cualitativos y cuantitativos en investigaciones patrimoniales, priorizando la evaluación de la calidad de la iluminación natural y la protección solar, aspectos subestimados en la valoración tradicional del patrimonio. Se destaca la importancia de usar herramientas, técnicas de representación y análisis digital para la comprensión y revaloración de la arquitectura patrimonial.

ABSTRACT The purpose of this article is to present a method for assessing built heritage based on the sun-building relationship and to make known the architectural richness of the buildings at the Universidad del Valle, Meléndez campus in Cali. The methodology consists of four phases employing surveying procedures and equipment, environmental monitoring, virtual modeling, and bioclimatic analysis. This approach offers an alternative perspective for assessing heritage. The case study reveals a deep understanding of designers about natural lighting strategies and solar control, identifying the envelope as a complex architectural device that contributes to both aesthetics and comfort. The methodology allows combining qualitative and quantitative approaches in heritage research, prioritizing the evaluation of natural lighting quality and solar protection, aspects underestimated in traditional heritage assessment. The importance of using tools, digital representation and analysis techniques for understanding and reassessing architectural heritage is highlighted.

RESUMEN El estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar el lugar, la dirección y la eficacia del estrés en el entorno construido a partir de la literatura científica. Se realizaron análisis bibliográficos mediante búsquedas en la base de datos Web of Science seleccionando todos los campos y utilizando conjuntamente las palabras clave "stress" y "built environment". Se revisaron 1157 publicaciones relacionadas con el estrés y el entorno construido según los campos de investigación, el año de publicación, el idioma, el país de publicación, la categoría de publicación, el tipo de publicación, los índices de publicación y las fuentes publicadas con ayuda de gráficos. También se examinaron los datos relacionados con la arquitectura. Además, los investigadores efectuaron análisis de mapas bibliográficos en los programas VOSviewer 1.6.19 y Biblioshiny-R Studio para proporcionar riqueza visual y generar mapas de calidad. El análisis de mapas bibliográficos incluyó análisis de redes (coautores, palabras clave de coautores, citas), análisis temáticos y análisis de tendencias temáticas. Como resultado, el "estrés" del uso fue más notorio en las ciencias de la ingeniería, los estudios en arquitectura fueron limitados y el país con mayor número de publicaciones y citas sobre el tema fue Estados Unidos. Los conceptos de calidad de vida, covid-19, estrés térmico y aprendizaje automático fueron las palabras clave más utilizadas en los últimos años.

ABSTRACT The study aimed to determine the place, orientation, and effectiveness of stress on the built environment in the scientific literature. Bibliographic analyses were conducted by searching the Web of Science database, selecting all fields, and using the keywords "stress" and "built environment" together. Researchers examined 1,157 publications related to stress and built environment according to research fields, year of publication, language, country of publication, publication category, publication type, publication indexes, and published sources with the help of charts. The data related to architecture were also considered. Researchers ran bibliographic map analyses in VOSviewer 1.6.19 software and Biblioshiny-R Studio programs to provide visual richness and create quality maps. The bibliographic map analysis included network analysis (co-author, co-occurrence of author keywords, citation), thematic analysis, and trend topic analysis. As a result, "stress" of usage was most prominent in engineering sciences, studies in architecture were limited, and the country with the highest number of publications and citations on the subject was the USA. The quality of life, COVID-19, heat stress, and machine learning concepts were the most used keywords in recent years.

Resumen Introducción: Las aves acuáticas (AA) son usualmente relacionadas a los humedales debido a que éstos funcionan como sitios de refugio, alimentación y anidación de diferentes especies residentes y migratorias. Sin embargo, el conocimiento sobre las aves acuáticas en algunos humedales es nulo. Objetivo: Investigar la composición espacio-temporal de la comunidad de AA en la laguna Juluapan, Colima, en el Pacífico Central Mexicano. Métodos: Entre junio de 2017 y mayo de 2018 se llevaron a cabo conteos mensuales en condiciones de marea baja para registrar el uso de hábitat de las AA. Se obtuvieron valores de riqueza de especies y número de individuos para realizar comparaciones entre zonas de muestreo, así como el promedio del número de especies y número de individuos para comparaciones entre temporadas. Resultados: Se registraron un total de 53 especies y 5 750 individuos. Los valores de riqueza de especies y densidad de individuos fueron más altos durante invierno, en la zona más alejada al ambiente marino, donde la actividad antropogénica es menor. La diversidad tuvo valores más altos en la zona 2 y 3, durante primavera, verano y otoño. El ambiente más explotado por las aves fueron las planicies lodosas; y el descanso fue la actividad más frecuente. Asimismo, la actividad de anidación sólo se registró en el manglar de la zona media durante primavera. Las “aves playeras” y “aves zancudas” fueron los grupos más predominantes en la comunidad de aves de la laguna Juluapan. Conclusiones: Este humedal costero es un sitio de gran importancia biológica para aves acuáticas, por lo que resulta necesario la implementación de medidas de conservación, así como el estudio de los efectos por la presión antropogénica.

Abstract Introduction: Aquatic birds (AB) are usually associated with wetlands, which provide refuge, food, and/or nesting sites for resident and migratory species. Despite their ecological importance, there is little knowledge on AB in some tropical environments, such as those found on the Colima coast. Objective: To investigate the spatial and temporal composition of the AB community in Juluapan Lagoon, Colima, Central Mexican Pacific. Methods: Monthly counts were conducted between June 2017 and May 2018 during low-tide conditions to record habitat use by AB. Species richness and bird counts were obtained to compare sampling areas; mean richness and number of individuals were compared between seasons. Results: We detected 53 species and 5 750 individuals. The highest species richness and relative abundance values were obtained in winter at the lagoon area farthest from the connection with the marine system, where anthropogenic activity is lower. Diversity was greater in zones 2 and 3 in spring, summer, and fall. Muddy flats were the most used environment, and the most frequent activity was resting. Nesting activity was only recorded in the middle of the lagoon at the mangrove during spring. “Shorebirds” and “waders” were the most dominant groups in the bird community of the Juluapan lagoon. Conclusions: This coastal wetland is a site of great biological importance for aquatic birds; thus, conservation measures should be implemented, and there should be a continuous study of the effects of anthropogenic pressure.

Resumen Introducción: El uso de artrópodos en estudios ecológicos en el bosque seco tropical (Bs-T) de Colombia se centra mayormente en arañas, mariposas, hormigas y escarabajos coprófagos; por lo tanto, es necesario comprender como es la dinámica estacional de otros grupos como Geadephaga en este ecosistema. Objetivo: Evaluar la variación espacio-temporal y el efecto de las condiciones ambientales sobre la diversidad de las comunidades de Geadephaga en dos fragmentos de Bs-T en el Caribe colombiano. Métodos: El estudio se llevó a cabo en cuatro eventos de muestreo entre febrero y junio de 2018; cada uno con una duración de cuatro días y cuatro noches. En cada localidad (Reserva Campesina La Montaña = RCM y Reserva La Flecha = RLF), se marcaron cuatro estaciones distanciadas 350 m, con parcelas de 50×50 m. En el centro de cada parcela se instaló una trampa de luz, mientras que en los cuatro vértices se instalaron trampas de caída, y se realizó captura manual, cernido de hojarasca y perturbación de follaje. Resultados: Se capturó un total de 348 ejemplares de Carabidae y 114 de Cicindelidae. La riqueza y la abundancia presentaron los valores más bajos durante el período seco, mientras que los mayores valores se observaron durante el período de lluvias, en ambos fragmentos. Tetracha affinis (Dejean, 1825) fue la especie más abundante en la RCM durante el período lluvioso. Conclusiones: La variación de la riqueza y abundancia de Geadephaga responde a un patrón estacional en ambos fragmentos. Se encontró una amplia disimilitud entre las comunidades de Geadephaga de ambos fragmentos, pese a tener condiciones ambientales parecidas.

Abstract Introduction: The use of arthropods in ecological studies in the tropical dry forest (TDF) of Colombia focused mainly on spiders, butterflies, ants, and dung beetles; therefore, it is necessary to understand the seasonal dynamics of the other groups such as Geadephaga in this ecosystem. Objective: To evaluate the spatio-temporal variations and the effect of environmental conditions on the diversity of the Geadephaga communities in two TDF fragments in the Colombian Caribbean. Methods: This study was conducted during four sampling events between February and June 2018, each lasting four days, and four nights. Four sampling stations were selected in each locality (Reserva Campesina La Montaña = RCM and Reserva La Flecha = RLF), separated 350 m one from another, with square plots of 50 × 50 m. A light trap was installed in the center of each square, while pitfall traps were installed in the four vertices, and manual capture, beating sheets and leaf litter sieve were carried out. Results: A total of 348 Carabidae and 114 of Cicindelidae were captured. In both fragments, the richness and abundance presented the lowest values in dry season, while the highest values were observed during the rainy season. Tetracha affinis (Dejean, 1825) was the most abundant species in RCM during rainy season. Conclusions: The richness variation and abundance of Geadephaga corresponds to a seasonal pattern at both locations. A high dissimilarity between the communities of Geadephaga from the two fragments was found, despite having similar environmental conditions.

Resumen Introducción: Varias presiones antrópicas sufren los ecosistemas acuáticos del piedemonte llanero en Colombia. La respuesta a estresores ambientales aún se desconoce en organismos bioindicadores como Leptohyphidae. Objetivo: Determinar la diversidad de ninfas de Leptohyphidae del río Quenane-Quenanito, en dos periodos hidrológicos contrastantes y su relación con algunas variables fisicoquímicas. Métodos: En diciembre (2014) y febrero (2015) se recolectaron organismos con red Surber en seis estaciones a lo largo del río. Se analizó la diversidad alfa y beta y se aplicó análisis de redundancia y modelos lineales generalizados con el fin de establecer la relación entre los taxones y las variables ambientales. Resultados: Se identificaron 369 organismos pertenecientes a cuatro géneros (Amanahyphes, Traverhyphes, Tricorythopsis y Tricorythodes), dos especies y ocho morfoespecies. Se reporta por primera vez para el departamento del Meta Amanahyphes saguassu. Se registró la mayor diversidad de ninfas en la transición a la sequía y la mayor abundancia en sequía. La diversidad beta señaló que la configuración del ensamblaje cambia a nivel espacial y temporal. Conclusiones: Los organismos de Leptohyphidae prefieren hábitats de corrientes, particularmente en el periodo de sequía, donde hallan alimento (hojarasca, detritos) y refugio para establecerse exitosamente; actividades antrópicas como la urbanización afectan notablemente la diversidad. La alta diversidad registrada en este pequeño río de piedemonte llanero refleja la necesidad de incrementar este tipo de trabajos y esfuerzos de recolección de material de estudio en la región.

Abstract Introduction: Various anthropic pressures affect the aquatic ecosystems of the foothills of Colombia. The response to environmental stressors is still unknown in bioindicator organisms such as Leptohyphidae. Objective: To determine the diversity of Leptohyphidae nymphs of the Quenane-Quenanito river, in two contrasting hydrological periods and its relationship with some physicochemical variables. Methods: In December (2014) and February (2015), organisms were collected with a Surber net at six stations along the current. Alpha and beta diversity was analyzed and redundancy analysis and generalized linear model were applied to establish the relationship between taxa and environmental variables. Results: Were identified 369 organisms belonging to four genera (Amanahyphes, Traverhyphes, Tricorythopsis, and Tricorythodes), two species, and eight morphospecies. Amanahyphes saguassu is reported for the first time for the Meta department. High diversity of Leptohyphidae nymphs was recorded in the transition to drought season and greater abundance in drought. Beta diversity indicated that the configuration of the assemblage changes spatially and temporally. Conclusions: Leptohyphidae organisms prefer fast habitats, particularly in the dry period where they find food (leaf litter, detritus) and shelter to establish themselves successfully; anthropic activities such as urbanization notably affect diversity. The high diversity recorded in this small river in the foothills of the plains reflects the need to increase this type of works and collection efforts of study material in the region.

Resumen Introducción: Los bosques de albardón exhiben una estratificación vertical que puede contribuir en la complejidad estructural, permitiendo que una gran diversidad de aves prospere en las islas. En ecosistemas deltaicos hay escasos datos que lo demuestren. Objetivos: Evaluar las variaciones en la composición de la comunidad de aves dentro de los bosques de albardón. Método: Se muestrearon durante tres años, dos áreas protegidas de humedales pertenecientes al Delta del Río Paraná, Argentina. Se realizó un análisis comparativo de riqueza, abundancia y diversidad de aves en tres diferentes bosques de albardón, utilizando el método de conteo por puntos. Resultados: Tres distintos tipos de bosque de albardón -abiertos, intermedios y cerrados- fueron identificados con base en la estructura de su vegetación, hospedando un total de 85 especies de aves. La variación en la estructura de la comunidad de aves entre tipos de bosque revela mayor diversidad en bosques abiertos durante el invierno (3.26 ± 0.13, P < 0.01) y la primavera (3.58 ± 0.05, P < 0.01), y mayor riqueza en otoño (35.33 ± 3.01, P < 0.01). Los bosques cerrados exhibieron mayor diversidad en el otoño (3.16 ± 0.13, P < 0.05) y en verano (3.24 ± 0.06, P < 0.05), junto con elevada abundancia en otoño (114 ± 13.70, P < 0.05) y elevada riqueza en primavera (39.17 ± 4.71, P=0.01). Debido a la historia evolutiva entre sitios, se observó variación significativa en el parque nacional de más reciente creación, influyendo en la abundancia del invierno (141 ± 22.06, P < 0.01) y de la primavera (176 ± 12.83, P < 0.01), así como en la diversidad en el invierno (3.25 ± 0.10, P < 0.01) y en la primavera (3.50 ± 0.10, P < 0.01). Conclusiones: El microhábitat en los diferentes bosques de albardón permite a las aves organizarse diferencialmente. Enfocarse en la dinámica microespacial es clave para una comprensión profunda de los procesos biológicos dentro de las islas subtropicales, planificar estrategias de conservación y evidenciar la transición de un bosque ripario en recuperación hacia su estado natural, donde el pulso del río y el efecto de la estacionalidad no dejan de operar.

Abstract Introduction: Levee forests exhibit a vertical stratification that may contribute to structural complexity allowing a great diversity of birds to thrive on the islands. In deltaic ecosystems there is scarce or no data to prove it. Objectives: To assess variations in the composition of the bird community within levee forests. Methods: Two areas of protected wetlands belonging to the Paraná River Delta in Argentina were sampled for three years. A comparative analysis of richness, abundance, and diversity was performed in different levee forests using the point count method. Results: Three distinct types of levee forests -open, intermediate, and closed- were identified based on the structure of their vegetation, hosting a total of 85 bird species. Variation in avian community structure among forest types revealed greater diversity in open forests during winter (3.26 ± 0.13, P < 0.01) and spring (3.58 ± 0.05, P < 0.01), and greater richness in autumn (35.33 ± 3.01, P < 0.01). The closed forests exhibited increased diversity during autumn (3.16 ± 0.13, P < 0.05) and summer (3.24 ± 0.06, P < 0.05), along with elevated abundance in autumn (114 ± 13.70, P < 0.05) and richness in spring (39.17 ± 4.71, P = 0.01). Due to the evolutionary history between sites, significant variation was observed in the most recently created national park, influencing abundance in winter (141 ± 22.06, P < 0.01) and spring (176 ± 12.83, P < 0.01), as well as diversity in winter (3.25 ± 0.10, P < 0.01) and spring (3.50 ± 0.10, P < 0.01). Conclusions: The microhabitat in the different levee forests allows the birds to organize differently. Focusing on microspatial dynamics is key to a deep understanding of the biological processes within subtropical islands and to plan conservation strategies and demonstrate the transition of a recovering riparian forest towards its natural state, where the pulse of the river and the effect of seasonality do not stop operating.

Resumen Introducción: El monitoreo de bioindicadores es una herramienta importante para la conservación de áreas naturales protegidas. Diferentes grupos taxonómicos fueron estudiados como bioindicadores por presentar: facilidad de muestreo, respuestas variadas a la perturbación, riqueza asociada a otras especies, y taxonomía accesible. Objetivo: Comparar el potencial de cuatro taxones (Chilopoda, Scarabaeidae, Carabidae y Pompilidae) como bioindicadores ambientales, tomando en cuenta su facilidad de recolección, presencia de cambios en la composición de sus comunidades por perturbaciones, presencia de especies con preferencia por áreas perturbadas o conservadas; y diversidad correlacionada con la diversidad de los otros taxones. Métodos: El trabajo se realizó en la estación Biológica Manu Learning Centre en la Reserva de Biosfera del Manu, que comprende tres áreas en un gradiente de perturbación. Los ejemplares fueron recolectados con trampas pitfall, bandejas amarillas, trampas Malaise y monolitos, de mayo a diciembre del 2021. La facilidad de recolección se midió en términos de riqueza y abundancia; los cambios en la composición de sus comunidades mediante el análisis de similitud, escalamiento no métrico multidimensional, y partición de la diversidad beta; presencia de especies con preferencia con el análisis de correspondencia y el ajuste de bondad G de Williams; y finalmente la correlación de las diversidades con el índice de Spearman. Resultados: De los taxones estudiados, las de más fácil recolección fueron Scarabaeidae y Pompilidae. Existen cambios en la composición en todos los taxones, pero son importantes solo en Chilopoda y Scarabaeidae. En todos los taxones hay especies con preferencia por ambientes perturbados y no perturbados. Existe una alta correlación de las diversidades de Carabidae, Scarabaeidae y Chilopoda. Conclusiones: Todos los grupos responden de diferente forma a los gradientes de perturbación, Scarabaeidae y Chilopoda fueron los que tuvieron mejores características para ser considerados buenos bioindicadores.

Abstract Introduction: Bioindicator monitoring is a crucial conservation strategy within natural protected areas. Various taxonomic groups have been investigated as bioindicators due to their distinctive attributes, including ease of sampling, differential responses to disturbances, associations with species richness, and accessible taxonomy. Objective: To compare the potential of four taxa (Chilopoda, Scarabaeidae, Carabidae, and Pompilidae) as environmental bioindicators, considering their ease of collection, presence of changes in community composition due to disturbances, including species with preferences for disturbed or conserved areas; and to correlate their diversity with the diversity of other taxa. Methods: The study was conducted at the Manu Learning Centre Biological Station in the Manu Biosphere Reserve, which comprises three areas along a disturbance gradient. Specimens were collected using pitfall traps, yellow pan traps, Malaise traps, and monoliths from May to June in 2021. Ease of collection was measured in terms of richness and abundance; changes in the community composition were assessed using similarity analysis, non-metric multidimensional scaling, and beta diversity partitioning; presence of species with preferences was analyzed using correspondence analysis and G. Williams’ goodness-of-fir test; and diversity correlation using the Spearman index. Results: Among the taxa investigated, Scarabaeidae and Pompilidae were the easiest to collect. Changes in composition were observed in all taxa but were significant only in Chilopoda and Scarabaeidae. All taxa exhibited species with preferences for disturbed and undisturbed environments. There was a high correlation in diversities among Carabidae, Scarabaeidae, and Chilopoda. Conclusions: Our findings underscore the diverse responses exhibited by taxa along a disturbance gradient. Notably, Scarabaeidae and Chilopoda emerged as particularly robust bioindicators within the studied ecosystem.

Resumen Introducción: Recientes investigaciones han mostrado correlaciones positivas entre la estructura del hábitat y las comunidades animales que los habitan. Generalmente, estos estudios evalúan la hipótesis de una mayor diversidad de animales en hábitats complejos y heterogéneos, ya que éstos pueden ofrecer un mayor número de nichos potenciales a diferencia de aquellos estructuralmente más simples. Objetivo: Se evaluó el efecto de la complejidad, la heterogeneidad y la estructura del hábitat sobre una comunidad de mariposas diurnas (Papilionoidea) en tres tipos de coberturas vegetales (rastrojo, bosque y páramo) ubicadas en ecosistemas de alta montaña sobre la cordillera Central, departamento de Antioquia, Colombia. Métodos: Entre enero y julio del 2012, se realizaron capturas de mariposas utilizando trampas Van Someren Rydon y se cuantificó la complejidad, la heterogeneidad y la estructura de la vegetación a partir de parcelas circulares de 0.04 ha establecidas alrededor de las trampas. Resultados: Se reportó un total de 108 especies, 48 géneros y cinco familias de mariposas. La riqueza y la abundancia de especies de mariposas fueron sensibles tanto a la complejidad y heterogeneidad de las coberturas vegetales como a los cambios en la estructura de la vegetación, mostrando fuertes correlaciones con las características del hábitat. El rastrojo presentó la mayor diversidad de mariposas (1D = 25.02; 2D = 11.97), seguido por el bosque (1D = 15.83; 2D = 9.42) y el páramo (1D = 12.36; 2D = 7.86). Adicionalmente, la riqueza y abundancia de mariposas se asoció positivamente con la cobertura de dosel y la densidad de vegetación de los estratos verticales y horizontales. Conclusión: Estos resultados subrayan la importancia de conservar la heterogeneidad de los hábitats y la estructura vegetal en los ecosistemas de alta montaña andinos, para mantener la diversidad y abundancia de las mariposas, resaltando la necesidad de políticas de conservación y manejo que consideren la complejidad y diversidad de estos ecosistemas.

Abstract Introduction: Recent ecological studies have found a positive correlation between habitat structure and animal communities that inhabit them. Generally, such studies try to test the hypotheses that animal species diversity increases in complex and heterogeneous habitats since they may provide more potential niches that structurally simpler habitats. Objective: In this research, the effect of habitat complexity and heterogeneity, and structural habitat characteristics on the butterfly community (Papilionoidea) inhabiting three vegetation covers (shrubs, highland forest and paramo) was evaluated in high-montane ecosystems of the Central Cordillera, Antioquia department, Colombia. Methods: From January to July 2012, butterflies were systematically sampled using Van Someren Rydon traps. Simultaneously, complexity, heterogeneity, and vegetation structure were quantified using 0.04 ha circular plots established around the traps. Results: We reported 108 species, 48 genus and five families of butterflies. Butterfly richness and abundance were sensible to both complexity and heterogeneity of the vegetation covers, as well as to changes in the vegetation structure, showing strong correlations with habitat characteristics. Butterfly diversity was highest in the shrub habitat (1D = 25.02; 2D = 11.97), followed by the highland forest (1D = 15.83; 2D = 9.42) and paramo (1D = 12.36; 2D = 7.86). Moreover, richness and abundance of butterfly species were positively associated with the increase in canopy cover and vegetation density in horizontal and vertical strata. Conclusion: These findings underline the importance of preserving the heterogeneity of habitats and vegetation structure in the Andean high-montane ecosystems to maintain the diversity and abundance of butterflies, highlighting the need for conservation and management policies that consider the complexity and diversity of these ecosystems.

Resumen Introducción: La creación de espacios naturales protegidos en entornos urbanos desempeñan un papel esencial, proporcionando reservorios de vegetación autóctona y refugios de fauna endémica. Sin embargo, es escaso el conocimiento sobre cómo la gestión del suelo y el diseño del paisaje influye en las diferentes estructuras comunitarias de parques urbanos. Objetivo: Analizar a través de comunidades de hormigas la influencia de la urbanización en un área natural protegida en zona urbana. Métodos: De abril a julio de 2022, en transectos de 100 m se colocaron trampas de cebo y Pitfall, se registró la presencia de especies de hormigas del Parque Estatal “El Refugio” (PER), Tamaulipas, México. La diversidad Alfa se evaluó mediante números de Hill y la diversidad Beta con el índice de Jaccard. Se identificaron especies indicadoras con el Valor Indicador (IndVal). Se realizó un análisis de correspondencia múltiple asociando la presencia de especies con variables ambientales y tipos de vegetación. Se realizó una tabla de contingencia para relacionar la presencia de hormigas con el tamaño de cobertura vegetal. Resultados: En total, se capturaron 18 565 individuos (cinco subfamilias, 22 géneros y 29 especies). La riqueza y diversidad de especies disminuyó en sitios con baja cobertura vegetal, como en matorral espinoso tamaulipeco; la vegetación secundaria conservó mayor riqueza de especies. Áreas de vegetación secundaria y pastizal registraron especies indicadoras, principalmente especies generalistas y tolerantes a las altas temperaturas como Forelius mccooki y Tetramorium spinosum. La presencia de especies está asociada con la temperatura, humedad y cobertura vegetal. Se evidenció una relación entre presencia de especies de hormigas y tamaño de cobertura vegetal. Conclusiones: La estructura y composición de las comunidades de hormigas varía de acuerdo con la estructura vegetal, principalmente en áreas que han sufrido mayor daño antropogénico. La conservación de los paisajes y el monitoreo de estas áreas, deben ser considerados en futuras investigaciones.

Abstract Introduction: The creation of protected natural areas within urban environments has played an essential role in providing small reservoirs of native vegetation and refuges for endemic species. However, knowledge of how land management and landscape design can influence the different community structures of urban parks is scarce. Objective: To analyze, through ant communities, the influence of urbanization in a protected natural area (PNA) located in an urban zone. Methods: From April to July 2022, using bait traps and pitfall traps along 100 m transects, the presence of ant species was recorded in the El Refugio State Park Natural Area in Tamaulipas, Mexico. Alpha diversity was assessed using Hill numbers, while beta diversity was evaluated using the Jaccard index. Additionally, indicator species were identified through the indicator value (IndVal). Multiple correspondence analysis was conducted to associate the presence of species with environmental variables and vegetation types, and contingency tables were created to relate ant presence to vegetation cover size. Results: In total 18 565 individuals were captured (five subfamilies, 22 genera, and 29 species). Species richness and diversity decreased in sites with low vegetation cover, such as in Tamaulipan thornscrub; secondary vegetation retained greater species richness. Indicator species found in secondary vegetation and grassland areas were mainly composed of species that tolerate high temperatures and generalists such as Forelius mccooki and Tetramorium spinosum. The presence of these species is primarily associated with temperature, humidity, and vegetation cover. A relationship between the presence of ant species and vegetation cover size was evident. Conclusion: The structure and composition of ant communities vary according to the type of vegetation structure, particularly in areas that have undergone greater anthropogenic damage. Therefore, the conservation of landscapes, as well as monitoring of these areas, should be considered in future research.

Resumen Introducción: El manglar es uno de los ecosistemas más importantes del planeta, debido al papel ecológico que desempeña en las costas, ya que es el hábitat, o bien el área de refugio y alimentación para diversas especies. Objetivo: Determinar la diversidad y fluctuación anual de la comunidad de cerambícidos, así como la distribución vertical de la riqueza de especies asociadas al borde e interior de un manglar en Tabasco, México. Métodos: El muestreo se realizó de agosto 2016 a julio 2017. La captura de insectos se realizó con trampas de intercepción cebadas con alcohol etílico al 70 % a 1.5, 6 y 12 m de altura, en el borde e interior del manglar. Resultados: Se recolectaron un total de 382 especímenes de tres subfamilias, pertenecientes a 36 especies de 25 géneros; Laminae fue la subfamilia más diversa con 24 especies, seguida de Cerambycinae con 11. En el borde del manglar se capturaron 31 especies y en el interior 21. El índice 1D, determinó que el borde fue 2.51 más diverso que el interior, con una similitud del 61 %, al compartir 16 especies. La fluctuación de las comunidades en el borde e interior presentó notables diferencias durante el año de muestreo. En el borde, la mayor riqueza de especie se registró a los 6 m de altura y en el interior a 1.5 m y 6 m. Conclusión: Los estudios relacionados con la distribución vertical de este grupo de insectos, aunado al incremento del tiempo de recolecta y utilizando técnicas complementarias, podrían dar mejores resultados para inventariar el mayor número de especies en los ecosistemas.

Abstract Introduction: The mangrove is one of the most important ecosystems on the planet, due to the ecological role it plays on coastlines, it provides development, protection, and feeding areas for various species. Objective: To determine the diversity and annual fluctuation of the cerambycid community, as well as the vertical distribution of species richness associated with the edge and interior of a mangrove in Tabasco, Mexico. Methods: The sampling was carried out from August 2016 to July 2017. The capture of insects was performed with interception traps baited with ethanol 70 % at 1.5, 6, and 12 m height, on the edge and interior of the mangrove. Results: A total of 382 specimens were collected, belonging to three subfamilies, 25 genera, and 36 species; Laminae was the subfamily most diverse with 24 species, followed by Cerambycinae with 11 species. At the edge of the mangrove 31 species were captured, and 21 in the interior. The 1D index determined that the edge was 2.51 more diverse than the interior, with a similarity of 61 %, sharing 16 species. The fluctuation of the communities on the edge and interior presented remarkable differences during the sampling year. On the edge, the greatest species richness was recorded at 6 m height and in the interior at 1.5 m and 6 m. Conclusions: Studies related to the vertical distribution of this group of insects, together with the increase in collection time and using complementary techniques, could give better results to inventory a larger number of species in the ecosystems.

Resumen Introducción: El desarrollo y expansión urbana han generado la pérdida y transformación de los ecosistemas andinos. Sin embargo, alrededor de las grandes ciudades colombianas aún se encuentran relictos boscosos que mantienen gran riqueza de biodiversidad, la cual es amenazada por la infraestructura vial. El énfasis de los trabajos de Ecología de Carreteras en el Neotrópico ha estado centrado en el efecto del atropellamiento de fauna desde el punto de vista taxonómico. Objetivo: Evaluar, ecológica y espacialmente, el atropellamiento de la fauna en carreteras ubicadas en zonas de interés para la expansión urbana del norte de los Andes colombianos. Métodos: Se evaluaron la tasa de mortalidad de vertebrados, las zonas críticas de atropellamientos por grupo taxonómico y grupos funcionales. Esto se realizó por medio de análisis de ecología espacial, específicamente análisis de densidad de Kernel y análisis de estadística espacial de puntos calientes. Adicionalmente, se identificó las características del paisaje asociadas al atropellamiento y se evaluó el papel de las vías como factor de resistencia y permeabilidad. Resultados: Se encontraron 279 animales atropellados de 64 especies que representan el 28 % de las 273 especies vertebradas presentes en las áreas protegidas en inmediaciones de las carreteras estudiadas. Se estimó una tasa promedio entre 42 y 170 individuos atropellados por año. Se detectaron patrones diferenciales en la densidad de atropellamiento por grupos taxonómicos y funcionales, donde las especies nocturnas y el tipo de gremio trófico son los más vulnerables. Asimismo, se encontró que los tramos de las vías en cercanía a coberturas boscosas presentan mayor riqueza de especies atropelladas y con mayores requerimientos ecológicos. Estos tramos representan una resistencia importante al movimiento de las especies de la zona. Conclusiones: El atropellamiento presenta patrones espaciales heterogéneos, no solo a nivel taxonómico, sino también a nivel funcional, lo cual representa un deterioro para los ecosistemas protegidos en zonas periurbanas.

Abstract Introduction: Urban development and expansion have led to the loss and transformation of Andean ecosystems. However, remnant forests that maintain biodiversity still exist around Colombia’s major cities, but these forests are threatened by the road infrastructure. Road ecology in the Neotropics has been focused specifically in documenting the effects of roadkill from a taxonomic point of view, mainly in rural areas. Objective: To evaluate ecologically and spatially, the collision of fauna on roads located in areas of urban expansion in the Northern Colombian Andes. Methods: We assessed vertebrate mortality rate and identified the critical areas of roadkill by taxonomic and functional groups. This was achieved through spatial ecology analysis, specifically Kernel density analysis and hotspot spatial statistical analysis. Additionally, we identified landscape features associated with road mortality and assessed the role of roads as resistance and permeability factors. Results: A total of 279 roadkilled animals belonging to 64 species were found, accounting for 28 % of the 273 vertebrate species recorded in the reserve near the studied roads. The average mortality rate for vertebrates was estimated from 42 to 170 individuals annually. Differential patterns were detected in roadkill density across taxonomic and functional groups, where nocturnal species and the trophic guilds are the most vulnerable. Likewise, it was found that the sections of the roads close to the forest have a greater roadkill species richness with greater ecological requirements. These sections constitute an important resistance to species movement in the area. Conclusions: Road mortality in the study area exhibits heterogeneous spatial patterns not only at a taxonomic but also at a functional level, suggesting the deterioration of protected ecosystems in adjacent peri-urban areas.