Abstract (Introduction): Vinasse is generated as a residue in the production of ethanol by fermentation-distillation of molasses/sugar cane juice, at a rate of 13 L/L of ethanol. It is an acid liquid, brown in color, characterized by high mineralization and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) values of up to 150 000 mg/L, being highly polluting. (Objective): The objective of this research was to evaluate a vinasse treatment process with hydrogen peroxide as a source of hydroxyl radicals at laboratory scale. (Methodology): The vinasse samples, from different distilleries in the province of Tucumán, were characterized following standardized techniques of Standard Methods. The oxidation tests were carried out with different peroxide/vinasses ratios, in a semi-batch reactor, under ambient conditions, measuring COD as an indicator parameter of the treatment. (Results): After 5 days, an 85 % decrease in COD and an increase in the Biodegradability Index were achieved. The kinetics of the oxidative reaction was first order with respect to COD, with an apparent rate constant of 0.3694 1/day. (Conclusions): Although the COD values allowed by local regulations (250 mg/L) were not reached, the proposed treatment is encouraging due to its simplicity, representing a potential option to the environmental challenge represented by vinaze in Latin America.

Resumen (Introducción): La vinaza se genera como residuo en la producción de etanol por fermentación-destilación de melazas/jugos de caña de azúcar, a razón de 13 L/L de etanol. Es un efluente líquido, ácido caracterizado por una elevada mineralización y valores de demanda química de oxígeno (DQO) de hasta 150 000 mg/L, siendo altamente contaminante. (Objetivo): Ealuar un proceso de tratamiento de vinazas con peróxido de hidrógeno, como fuente de radicales hidroxilos, en escala laboratorio. (Metodología): Las muestras de vinazas, de destilerías de la provincia de Tucumán, se caracterizaron según técnicas normalizadas de Standard Methods. Los ensayos de oxidación se realizaron con distintas relaciones de peróxido/vinaza, en un reactor semibatch, en condiciones ambientales, midiendo DQO como parámetro indicador del tratamiento. (Resultados): Al cabo de cinco días se logró una disminución de DQO del 85 % y un aumento del Índice de Biodegradabilidad. La cinética de la reacción oxidativa fue de primer orden respecto de DQO, con una constante aparente de velocidad de 0.3694 1/día. (Conclusiones): Si bien no se lograron los valores de DQO permitidos por la normativa local (250 mg/L), el tratamiento propuesto es alentador por su simpleza, representando una opción potencial al desafío ambiental que representan las vinazas en América Latina.

Résumé Dans cette note technique, nous présentons l’un des principaux legs empiriques de la recherche sur la publicité télévisée des candidats à la députation fédérale de l’État de Rio de Janeiro dans le cadre de la période de 1998 à 2018. Il s’agit d’introduire et de décrire le processus de collecte de cette base de données, les procédures utilisées au fil du temps pour la systématisation des informations et les utilisations possibles de deux bases de données liées à la recherche : la première ayant pour unité d’analyse les programmes électoraux enregistrés pendant la période ; et la seconde ayant pour unité d’analyse les candidats , comptabilisant le temps (en secondes) d’apparition dans le HGPE ; la performance électorale de chaque candidat (votes et résultat final) ; le financement de la campagne et d’autres caractéristiques politiques, sociales et démographiques. La base de données présentée couvre pas moins de 9 433 programmes électoraux enregistrés pendant la période nocturne, auxquels ont participé 1 774 candidatures. technique lun l un lÉtat État 199 2018 sagit s agit dintroduire d introduire danalyse analyse en secondes dapparition apparition votes final dautres autres politiques démographiques 43 nocturne 77 candidatures 19 201 4 7 20 2

Abstract In this technical note, we present one of the main empirical legacies of the research on the electoral campaign of candidates for Federal Deputy in the state of Rio de Janeiro during the free time granted by the government for electoral propaganda (Horário Gratuito de Propaganda Eleitoral − HGPE) from 1998 to 2018. The aim is to introduce and describe the process of data collection for this database, the procedures used over time for the systematization of information, and the potential uses of two databases linked to the research: the first analyzes the electoral programs recorded during the period and the second the unit of analysis is the individual candidates, coding the time (in seconds) of appearance in the HGPE, the electoral performance of the candidates (votes and final result), campaign financing, and other political, social, and demographic characteristics. The database includes 9,433 electoral programs broadcasted in the evening, in which 1,774 candidates participated. note Horário HGPE 199 2018 information seconds votes result, result , result) financing political social characteristics 9433 9 433 9,43 evening 1774 1 774 1,77 participated 19 201 943 43 9,4 177 77 1,7 20 94 4 9, 17 7 1, 2

Resumen En esta nota técnica, presentamos uno de los principales legados empíricos de la investigación sobre la publicidad televisiva de las candidatas/de los candidatos a diputado federal en el Estado de Río de Janeiro en los Horarios Gratuitos de Publicidad Electoral (HGPE) en el periodo de 1998 a 2018. El objetivo es presentar y describir el proceso de recopilación de esta base de datos, los procedimientos utilizados a lo largo del tiempo para sistematizar la información y los posibles usos de dos bases de datos vinculadas a la investigación: la primera tiene como unidad de análisis los programas electorales registrados durante el periodo; y la segunda tiene como unidad de análisis las candidatas/los candidatos, contabilizando el tiempo (en segundos) que aparecieron en el HGPE; el rendimiento electoral de cada candidato/candidata (votos y resultado final); la financiación de la campaña y otras características políticas, sociales y demográficas. La base de datos presentada incluye no menos de 9.433 programas electorales grabados por la noche, en los que participaron 1.774 candidatas/candidatos. técnica candidatasde candidatas HGPE (HGPE 199 2018 candidataslos segundos candidatocandidata candidato candidata votos final final) políticas demográficas 9433 9 433 9.43 noche 1774 1 774 1.77 candidatascandidatos candidatas/candidatos 19 201 943 43 9.4 177 77 1.7 20 94 4 9. 17 7 1. 2

Resumo Nesta nota técnica apresentamos um dos principais legados empíricos da pesquisa sobre propaganda das candidatas/dos candidatos a Deputado Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro no Horário Gratuito de Propaganda Eleitoral (HGPE) no período de 1998 a 2018. Trata-se de introduzir e descrever o processo de coleta dessa base de dados, os procedimentos utilizados ao longo do tempo para a sistematização das informações e os possíveis usos de dois bancos de dados vinculados à pesquisa: o primeiro possui como unidade de análise os programas eleitorais gravados no período; e, o segundo, possui como unidade de análise os/as candidatos/candidatas, contabilizando o tempo (em segundos) de aparição no HGPE; desempenho eleitoral de cada candidata/candidato (votos e resultado final); financiamento de campanha e outras características políticas, sociais e demográficas. O banco apresentado abarca nada menos do que 9.433 programas eleitorais gravados à noite, dos quais participaram 1.774 candidatos/candidatas. candidatasdos candidatas HGPE (HGPE 199 2018 Tratase Trata se segundo osas as candidatoscandidatas candidatos/candidatas em segundos candidatacandidato candidata candidato votos final final) políticas demográficas 9433 9 433 9.43 noite 1774 1 774 1.77 19 201 943 43 9.4 177 77 1.7 20 94 4 9. 17 7 1. 2

Abstract This article intends to propose a methodology to characterize the Financial (In)Sustainability of Brazilian municipalities − materialized through the Municipal Financial Sustainability Index (ISFM) − as opposed to the methodology suggested by the Proposed Amendment to the Constitution (PEC) No. 188, whose agenda is to incorporate small municipalities considered unsustainable. Regarding the methods, we used quantitative, applied, descriptive and explanatory research, of the bibliographical and documentary type, in addition to descriptive statistics and correlation/linear regression. The results demonstrate that the ISFM is more robust compared to the methodology proposed by the PEC. The Index was applied to 5,570 Brazilian municipalities and the national average resulted in 56%. Most Brazilian municipalities classified themselves as “Sustainable” and the statistical analysis significantly demonstrated the existence of a positive correlation between the variables ISFM and Local Development. The contributions of the work turn to the production of research on the subject, still incipient nationally. InSustainability In (ISFM PEC (PEC No 188 unsustainable methods quantitative type correlationlinear linear regression 5570 5 570 5,57 56 56% Sustainable “Sustainable Development subject nationally 18 557 57 5,5 1 55 5,

Resumen El objetivo de este artículo es proponer una metodología para caracterizar la (In)Sostenibilidad Financiera de los municipios brasileños - materializada a través del Índice de Sostenibilidad Financiera Municipal (ISFM) - en contraposición a la metodología sugerida por la Propuesta de Enmienda a la Constitución (PEC) no 188, que tiene como agenda la incorporación de pequeños municipios considerados insostenibles. Los métodos utilizados fueron cuantitativos, aplicados, descriptivos y explicativos, bibliográficos y documentales, así como la estadística descriptiva y la correlación/regresión lineal. Los resultados muestran que el ISFM es más robusto que la metodología propuesta por el PEC. El Índice se aplicó a 5.570 municipios brasileños y la media nacional fue del 56%. La mayoría de los municipios brasileños fueron clasificados como “Sostenibles” y los análisis estadísticos mostraron una correlación positiva significativa entre las variables ISFM y Desarrollo Local. Las aportaciones de este trabajo se dirigen a la producción de investigaciones sobre el tema, aún incipiente a nivel nacional. InSostenibilidad In (ISFM PEC (PEC 188 insostenibles cuantitativos aplicados explicativos documentales correlaciónregresión regresión lineal 5570 5 570 5.57 56 56% Sostenibles “Sostenibles Local tema 18 557 57 5.5 1 55 5.

Résumé Le but de cet article est de proposer une méthodologie pour caractériser la (In)Durabilité Financière des municipalités brésiliennes - concrétisée par le biais de l’Indice de Durabilité Financière Municipale (ISFM) - en opposition à la méthodologie suggérée par la Proposition d’Amendement Constitutionnel (PEC) n° 188, qui vise à incorporer les petites municipalités considérées comme insoutenables. Les méthodes utilisées comprennent la recherche quantitative, appliquée, descriptive et explicative, de type bibliographique et documentaire, ainsi que la statistique descriptive et la corrélation/régression linéaire. Les résultats montrent que l’ISFM est plus robuste que la méthodologie proposée par la PEC. L’indice a été appliqué aux 5 570 municipalités brésiliennes et la moyenne nationale s’est élevée à 56%. La plupart des municipalités brésiliennes ont été classées comme “Durables” et les analyses statistiques ont démontré de manière significative l’existence d’une corrélation positive entre les variables ISFM et Développement Local. Les contributions de ce travail se concentrent sur la production de recherches sur le sujet, encore peu développé au niveau national. InDurabilité In lIndice l Indice (ISFM dAmendement d Amendement PEC (PEC n 188 insoutenables quantitative appliquée explicative documentaire corrélationrégression régression linéaire lISFM Lindice L indice 57 sest s 56 56% Durables “Durables lexistence existence dune Local sujet national 18 1

Resumo O propósito do presente artigo é propor uma metodologia para caracterização da (In)Sustentabilidade Financeira de municípios brasileiros − materializada por meio do Índice de Sustentabilidade Financeira Municipal (ISFM) − em contraponto à metodologia sugerida pela Proposta de Emenda à Constituição (PEC) no 188, que traz como pauta a incorporação de pequenos municípios considerados insustentáveis. Como métodos utilizou-se pesquisa quantitativa, aplicada, descritiva e explicativa, do tipo bibliográfica e documental, além de estatística descritiva e correlação/regressão linear. Os resultados demonstram que o ISFM possui maior robustez comparado à metodologia proposta pela PEC. O Índice foi aplicado aos 5.570 municípios brasileiros e a média nacional resultou em 56%. A maior parcela dos municípios brasileiros se classificou como “Sustentável” e as análises estatísticas demonstraram, significativamente, a existência de correlação positiva entre as variáveis ISFM e Desenvolvimento Local. As contribuições do trabalho se voltam para a produção de pesquisa sobre a temática, ainda incipiente nacionalmente. InSustentabilidade In (ISFM PEC (PEC 188 insustentáveis utilizouse utilizou quantitativa aplicada explicativa documental correlaçãoregressão regressão linear 5570 5 570 5.57 56 56% Sustentável “Sustentável demonstraram significativamente Local temática nacionalmente 18 557 57 5.5 1 55 5.

Schiff bases are diverse organic compounds with an azomethine structure (–C=N–), holding potential in both chemistry and biology. They serve as catalysts, stabilizers, and exhibit various biological activities. The molecular structure of Schiff bases influences their biological properties, including antimicrobial effects. Redox-active compounds with more negative potentials tend to be more effective against microbes. In one of our recent studies, we explored the antimicrobial properties of two Schiff bases derivatives, SB-1 ((E)-4-amino-3-((3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino) and SB-2 ((E)-2-((4-nitrobenzilidene)amino)aniline). SB-1 showed antibacterial activity against certain Gram-positive bacteria, while SB-2 did not. The difference in their cyclic voltametric profiles, especially SB-1’s more negative reduction potential, prompted us to carry out further characterizations, including scan-rate studies, solvent analysis, and computational calculations. We found that SB-1, which presents a stable intramolecular hydrogen bond, undergoes irreversible oxidation, likely at the –NH2 group, and a quasi-reversible reduction via an intramolecular reductive coupling of the (–C=N–) azomethine group, supported by orbital theoretical calculations. This research sheds light on the potential applications of Schiff bases in antimicrobial contexts, guided by their redox properties and structure. –C=N–, CN –C=N– , C N biology catalysts stabilizers activities effects Redoxactive Redox active microbes studies derivatives SB1 SB 1 SB- E4amino33,5ditertbutyl2hydroxybenzylideneamino E4amino335ditertbutyl2hydroxybenzylideneamino Eaminoditertbutylhydroxybenzylideneamino E 4 amino 3 3,5 di tert butyl 2 hydroxybenzylidene 5 ((E)-4-amino-3-((3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino SB2 E24nitrobenzilideneaminoaniline. E24nitrobenzilideneaminoaniline Enitrobenzilideneaminoaniline nitrobenzilidene aniline . ((E)-2-((4-nitrobenzilidene)amino)aniline) Grampositive Gram positive bacteria not profiles SB1s SBs s characterizations scanrate scan rate analysis calculations SB1, 1, bond oxidation NH2 NH –NH group quasireversible quasi reversible (–C=N– contexts –C=N E4amino33 5ditertbutyl2hydroxybenzylideneamino ditertbutyl hydroxybenzylideneamino 35 3, nitrobenzilideneaminoaniline ((E)-2-((4-nitrobenzilidene)amino)aniline (–C=N Eamino E4amino3 ditertbutylhydroxybenzylideneamino E4amino

Diaporthe phaseolorum, an endophyte isolated from Combretum lanceolatum, has exhibited diverse biological activities including antimicrobial, leishmanicidal, antitumoral, and herbicidal properties. Regardless of these activities, there remains limited research on its chemical constituents. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the metabolome of D. phaseolorum employing mass spectrometry data dereplication through molecular networking and MolNetEnhancer tools. Twenty two molecular families were annotated, including prenol lipids, benzenoids, organoheterocyclic compounds, and nucleosides. Among the 41 nodes annotated, 36 metabolites were confirmed via spectral references, including alismol, farnesol, linoleic acid, tyramine, N-acetyl-tyramine, 5-methoxy-1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde, 6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one, and adenosine. Further node annotation was achieved through MolNetEnhancer, resulting in the classification of an additional 68 nodes into various molecular families. Consequently, this study represents a significant contribution to the identification of the D. phaseolorum metabolome, highlighting its secondary metabolites and providing valuable chemical insights to elucidate its demonstrated biological activities. lanceolatum antimicrobial leishmanicidal antitumoral properties constituents Therefore D tools annotated lipids benzenoids compounds nucleosides 4 3 references alismol farnesol acid tyramine Nacetyltyramine, Nacetyltyramine N acetyl N-acetyl-tyramine 5methoxy1Hindole3carbaldehyde, 5methoxy1Hindole3carbaldehyde methoxyHindolecarbaldehyde 5 methoxy 1H indole carbaldehyde, carbaldehyde H 5-methoxy-1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde 6pentyl2Hpyran2one, 6pentyl2Hpyran2one pentylHpyranone 6 pentyl 2H pyran 2 one, one 6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one adenosine Consequently Hindole Hpyran

This review provides an overview of the recent progress in organic electrosynthesis in Brazil, ranging from 2013 to 2023. By highlighting the principles, applications, and limitations of various electrosynthetic methodologies, this article aims to contribute to the understanding of basic principles and stimulate research in this field in Brazil. Moreover, the limitations and challenges associated with organic electrosynthesis are covered. Factors such as electrode material selection, solvent effects, and reaction optimization are discussed, highlighting the need for further research and development to overcome these obstacles. Finally, future prospects are outlined. Brazil 201 2023 applications methodologies Moreover covered selection effects discussed obstacles Finally outlined 20 202 2

In recent years, the field of coordination chemistry has experienced a surge in interest regarding the synthesis and characterization of coordination complexes for diverse applications. This study is dedicated to investigating coordination compounds resulting from the interaction of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) with metal ions. The study research places significant emphasis on understanding the stability and thermal behavior of these coordination compounds. The utilization of thermoanalytical techniques is crucial in achieving this goal. Thermal analysis and thermokinetics provide valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms, kinetics, and energetics of these reactions, thereby facilitating the optimization of synthesis procedures. The research employs concurrent techniques, namely thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), to explore the thermal stability and decomposition pathways of these coordination compounds. Thermokinetic models and optimization methodologies are subsequently applied to identify key reaction parameters. The primary aim of this research is to unveil the thermal behavior, stability, and reaction kinetics of aceclofenac coordination compounds, thus contributing significantly to the understanding of thermokinetics and thermal analysis in the domain of coordination chemistry. Specifically, this study is focused on aceclofenac coordination complexes involving lanthanum and gadolinium, with the ultimate goal of advancing the field of coordination chemistry. years applications antiinflammatory anti inflammatory NSAIDs (NSAIDs ions mechanisms reactions procedures TG (TG DSC, DSC , (DSC) parameters Specifically gadolinium (DSC

The species Oryza sativa (rice) and Musa cavendishii (banana) are sources of cellulose-rich waste biomass in the Amazon region, Tocantins State. This research investigates the nanoscale production of cellulose through the interactions between three choline amino acid ionic liquids Ch[AA]IL and the respective fibers by pretreatment. To this end, the synthesis of three ILs was carried out: choline arginate Ch[Arg], choline glycinate Ch[Gly] and choline lysinate Ch[Lys], characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The samples resulting from the pretreatment were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). It was possible to infer from the SEM micrographs that Ch[Arg] caused greater fiber breakage than the other ILs. The TEM analyses identified fibers up to 16 nm in diameter. Positive effects were observed in the diffractograms, although no crystallinity was obtained in the pretreated samples. Thermogravimetry curves showed that the fibers treated with Ch[Arg] showed higher thermal stability. rice (rice banana (banana celluloserich rich region State ChAAIL Ch AA IL end out ChArg, ChArg Arg , ChGly Gly Ch[Gly ChLys, ChLys Lys Ch[Lys] FTIR. FTIR . (FTIR) SEM, (SEM) TEM, (TEM) Xray X ray XRD (XRD TGA. TGA (TGA) Ch[Arg 1 diameter diffractograms stability Ch[Lys (FTIR (SEM (TEM (TGA

Species from Pavonia genus (Malvaceae) are traditionally used as antioxidant, n anti inflammatory and antimicrobial remedies. Previous studies have revealed their diversity of specialized metabolites widely used in the development of new medicines. This is the first study on Pavonia glazioviana Gurke, a Brazilian species known as “Malva da Chapada”. The research led to identify fifteen compounds: 132 (S) hydroxy pheophytin a; and 132(S) hydroxy 173 ethoxyphaeophorbide, n decanol, cycloart 23Z ene 3β,25 diol, cycloart 24S 25 ene 3β,24 diol, sitosterol 3 O β D glucopyranoside, stigmasterol 3 O β D glucopyranoside, quercetin, acacetin, kaempferol, tiliroside, 5 hydroxy 3,7,8,4’ tetramethoxyflavone, 5,7 dihydroxy 3,8,4’ trimethoxyflavone, 5,7 dihydroxy 4’ methoxyflavone, 5,7,4’ trihydroxy 3,8 dimethoxyflavone and 5,7,4’ trihydroxy 3 methoxyflavone. The major flavonoids were tested for their antimicrobial activity, and the compound 5,7 dihydroxy 3,8,4’ trimethoxyflavone showed strong activity against Escherichia coli (MIC = 512 μg mL1), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC = 512 μg mL1), Candida albicans (MIC = 512 μg mL1), Candida tropicalis (MIC = 512 μg mL1), Candida parapsilosis (MIC = 512 μg mL1), Aspergillus flavus (MIC = 512 μg mL1) and A. fumigantus (MIC = 512 μg mL1). The total phenolic content, flavonoid content, and radical scavenging potential were determined showing its great production of phenolics and flavonoids, along with interesting radical scavenging potential (DPPH EC50 = 6.36 ± 0.029 mg mL 1). Our findings contributed to characterize P. glazioviana as a source of methoxylated flavonoids with antimicrobial potential. Malvaceae (Malvaceae antioxidant remedies medicines Gurke Malva Chapada. Chapada . Chapada” compounds 13 S (S 132S 132(S 17 ethoxyphaeophorbide decanol Z 3β25 3β 3β,2 diol 2 3β24 24 glucopyranoside quercetin acacetin kaempferol tiliroside 3,7,8,4 3784 7 8 4 tetramethoxyflavone 57 5, 3,8,4 384 methoxyflavone 5,7,4 574 38 3, MIC 51 mL1, mL1 , A mL1. content DPPH EC EC5 636 6 36 6.3 0029 0 029 0.02 1. 1 1) P 3β2 3β, 3,7,8, 378 3,8, 5,7, 63 6. 002 02 0.0 3,7,8 37 00 0. 3,7, 3,7

Alfred Schaeffer (1879-1957) was a German chemist who arrived in Minas Gerais in 1911 hired by the state government to organize the state health service in its newly established capital. He directed the Laboratory of Chemical Analysis of the State, and his analytical methods in dairy and mineral waters became a reference in Brazil. He also became professor of Chemistry at the new Faculty of Medicine of Belo Horizonte and founded the Chemistry Institute of the Engineering School in that city, influencing several students who became important names in Brazilian science. In addition, he was responsible for the assembly and technical coordination of pioneering industries in the dairy and wood distillation sector in the city of Santos Dumont. Later he assumed the post of technical director of Merck, also in Minas Gerais. Moving to Rio de Janeiro, he assumed a chair at the Technical School, working in teaching and research, and remained active even after retiring, publishing in important scientific journals. 18791957 1879 1957 (1879-1957 191 capital State Brazil science addition Dumont Merck Janeiro research retiring journals 1879195 187 195 (1879-195 19 187919 18 (1879-19 1 18791 (1879-1 (1879- (1879 (187 (18 (1 (

The exploration of carbon steel corrosion inhibition in 0.5 mol L-1 H2SO4 using extracts from Hymenaea courbaril (HC) has resulted in significant findings. Extracts from the bark, leaves, fruit pulp, and fruit shell have all proven to be effective corrosion inhibitors, as demonstrated through surface studies and electrochemical methods. Infrared spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography have identified the presence of phenolic compounds, which are known to have corrosion-inhibiting potential. UV-Vis spectroscopy has further revealed the adsorption of extract species on the steel surface. Electrochemical studies have confirmed the inhibition of corrosion, allowing to propose mechanisms of both chemisorption and physisorption. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) have provided evidence of the formation of an inhibitory layer, further supporting the inhibition of corrosion. Langmuir isotherms have indicated favorable adsorption of the extracts, while reduced surface roughness suggests improved protection of the steel surface. Activation energy calculations have demonstrated an increase in energy barriers, resulting in slower corrosion rates. These findings suggest that extracts from Hymenaea courbaril show promise as eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors, with potential industrial applications. Further research is needed to optimize the extraction process and fully understand the inhibition mechanisms. 05 0 5 0. L1 L 1 L- HSO H SO H2SO HC (HC bark leaves pulp inhibitors methods highperformance high performance compounds corrosioninhibiting inhibiting UVVis UV Vis physisorption Xray X ray XPS (XPS energydispersive dispersive SEMEDS SEM EDS (SEM-EDS layer barriers rates ecofriendly eco friendly applications

ABSTRACT: The study of genotypic relationships between drought tolerance indices and agronomic traits of interest in wheat breeding is useful for designing selection strategies. The objective of this research was to investigate the cause-and-effect relationships between agronomic traits and drought tolerance indices through the analysis of canonical correlations. Two trials (control and stress) were conducted in winter 2020 in Viçosa, MG, Brazil. The traits evaluated were: (days for heading, plant height, mass and number of grains per spike, mass of one hundred grains, and grain yield). Grain yield data from the control and stress conditions were used to construct five drought tolerance indices. The data were subjected to mixed model analysis for estimation of genetic parameters and prediction of genotypic values (REML/BLUP), and then the genotypic values were used to calculate the correlation coefficients between the traits. Two groups of traits were established for the study of canonical correlations, the first group consisting of agronomic traits and the second by drought tolerance indices. There was a significant genotype effect for all evaluated traits. The canonical pairs were significant, which indicated the existence of dependence between the groups. Days to heading trait can be used in the indirect selection of wheat genotypes for drought tolerance. ABSTRACT strategies causeandeffect cause correlations 202 Viçosa MG Brazil days height spike yield. . yield) REML/BLUP, REMLBLUP REML/BLUP , REML BLUP (REML/BLUP) 20 (REML/BLUP 2

RESUMO: O estudo das relações genotípicas entre índices de tolerância à seca e caracteres agronômicos de interesse no melhoramento de trigo é útil para traçar estratégias de seleção. Objetivou-se com este trabalho investigar as relações de causa e efeito entre características agronômicas e índices de tolerância à seca via análise de correlações canônicas. Dois ensaios (controle e estresse) foram conduzidos no inverno de 2020 em Viçosa, MG, Brasil. Foram avaliados os caracteres (dias para o espigamento, altura da planta, massa e número de grãos por espiga, massa de cem grãos e rendimento de grãos). Os dados de produtividade dos ensaios de controle e estresse foram utilizados para construir cinco índices de tolerância à seca. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de modelos mistos para estimação dos parâmetros genéticos e predição dos valores genotípicos (REML/BLUP), em seguida, os valores genotípicos foram utilizados para calcular os coeficientes de correlação entre os caracteres. Dois grupos de caracteres foram estabelecidos para o estudo das correlações canônicas, sendo o primeiro grupo constituído pelas variáveis agronômicas e o segundo pelos índices de tolerância à seca. Houve efeito significativo de genótipo para todas as características avaliadas. Os pares canônicos foram significativos, o que indicou a existência de dependência entre os grupos. O caráter dias para o espigamento pode ser utilizado na seleção indireta de genótipos de trigo para tolerância à seca. RESUMO Objetivouse Objetivou se canônicas 202 Viçosa MG Brasil planta espiga grãos. . grãos) REML/BLUP, REMLBLUP REML/BLUP , REML BLUP (REML/BLUP) seguida avaliadas significativos 20 (REML/BLUP 2

Food contamination is a public health problem, and the search for natural additives to increase food stability and safety is challenging. This research aimed to study nanoemulsions produced with coriander essential oil and kefiran, an exopolysaccharide extracted from kefir grains. The composition of coriander essential oil was evaluated, revealing linalool as the main component. An experimental design consisting of six trials was conducted. The NE2 formulation (0.5% kefiran and 1.5% coriander essential oil) exhibited smaller particle size, monodispersity, a lower centrifugal stability coefficient, and higher absolute zeta potential values (> 30 mV), indicating high electrical stability. Morphology, thermal stability, and toxicity tests were performed. The minimum bactericidal concentration was determined and applied to commercial cheese. Thermal stability tests demonstrated an increase in the stability of NE2 compared to its individual components, and it was also proven to be non-toxic. The concentration of 25% m v-1 was identified as the minimum bactericidal concentration and was applied to commercial cheese. problem challenging grains evaluated component conducted NE 0.5% 05 0 5 (0.5 15 1 1.5 size monodispersity coefficient > ( 3 mV, mV , mV) Morphology performed cheese components nontoxic. nontoxic non toxic. toxic non-toxic 25 v1 v v- 0.5 (0. 1. 2 0. (0

We created a fast and effective thin-layer chromatography method to detect homoisoflavones in Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce (POD), demonstrating high sensitivity, specificity, and stability. Utilizing this method, we assessed the quality of 20 commercial batches of POD. Our results indicated that homoisoflavones (III, IV, and V) were present in 8 samples, absent in 7, and detected in 5. This method facilitates the effective evaluation of POD germplasm resources, laying a strong foundation for enhancing quality standards. This advancement aids in the standardization and quality control of POD, ensuring the consistency of its active ingredients and thereby supporting its therapeutic applications. thinlayer thin layer Mill. Mill (Mill. , (POD) sensitivity specificity stability 2 III, III (III IV V samples 7 5 resources standards applications (Mill (POD

ABSTRACT The estimation of evapotranspiration (ET) and crop water requirements are crucial for the proper management and allocation of water resources in terms of quantity, quality, and timeliness. Therefore, remote sensing estimation of ET using the SEBAL algorithm (Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land) can provide spatio-temporal, non-punctual data, unlike traditional calculations relying on the nearest meteorological station. This research analyzed ET using SEBAL, based on ten Landsat 8 satellite images processed with a program developed in the Model Builder of ArcGis® version 10.2. The analysis was conducted during the vegetative period of starchy corn from May to October 2016. Validation of the results happened with a drainage lysimeter installed in a monitoring plot. Additionally, the statistical indices - such as percentage relative error (PRE) (0,09), root mean square error (RMSE) (0,30), R2 (0,92), and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NASH) (0,91) - indicated a good correlation of ET for starchy corn in the central highlands of Peru. The ET identified at ten monitoring points ranged from 1,05 to 7,79 mm d-1. (ET quantity quality timeliness Therefore Surface Land spatiotemporal, spatiotemporal spatio temporal, temporal spatio-temporal nonpunctual non punctual data station ArcGis 102 10 2 10.2 2016 plot Additionally PRE (PRE 0,09, 009 0,09 , 0 09 (0,09) RMSE (RMSE 0,30, 030 0,30 30 (0,30) R 0,92, 092 0,92 92 (0,92) NashSutcliffe Nash Sutcliffe NASH (NASH 0,91 091 91 (0,91 Peru 105 1 05 1,0 779 7 79 7,7 d1. d1 d 1. d-1 10. 201 00 0,0 (0,09 03 0,3 3 (0,30 0,9 9 (0,92 (0,9 1, 77 7, d- 20 0, (0,0 (0,3 (0, (0 (