ABSTRACT Exposing seeds to agents that elicit tolerance to abiotic stress, such as phytohormones and organic acids, during hydration and dehydration cycles can determine their response to later stimuli, e.g. exposure to salt stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the action of priming cycles with different eliciting agents of salt stress tolerance on seeds of the cowpea varieties Sempre Verde and Pingo de Ouro. The seeds were subjected to the following treatments: 0.0 mM NaCl (control); 100 mM NaCl (salt stress); salt stress + three seed-priming cycles (PC) in water; salt stress + PC in gibberellic acid; salt stress + PC in hydrogen peroxide; salt stress + PC in salicylic acid; salt stress + PC in ascorbic acid. The following variables were analysed: germination, growth, dry weight, salt tolerance index, total soluble sugars, total free amino acids and proline. Salt stress (100 mM NaCl) reduced germination, length and biomass accumulation in the Sempre Verde and Pingo de Ouro varieties. These showed the best response to the priming cycles with gibberellic and salicylic acids, which promoted greater germination potential, length and biomass under a salt stress of 100 mM NaCl, affording greater tolerance via osmotic regulation, especially in the Sempre Verde variety. stimuli eg e g e.g treatments 00 0 0. control (control) 10 stress) seedpriming seed (PC water acid peroxide analysed growth weight index sugars proline (10 potential regulation variety (control 1 (1 (

Lisdexamfetamine is a prodrug that is converted to d-amphetamine in the body, mainly used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adults. Its mechanism involves the enhancement of neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine and dopamine, which are critical for attention and behavioral regulation. With the upcoming patent expiration of Vyvanse®, bioanalytical methods for the quantification of lisdexamfetamine in plasma are needed for use in pharmacokinetic studies. In this work, we developed and validated a sensitive bioanalytical method using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for lisdexamfetamine quantification in human plasma. The method developed was performed for 4 min per sample and using the concentration range of 0.3-100 ng mL-1. Intra-batch, inter-batch and instrument reproducibility, the precision was lower than 10%. The results demonstrated that the method is rapid, sensitive, robust, and suitable for pharmacokinetic studies. damphetamine d amphetamine body adults dopamine regulation Vyvanse Vyvanse® studies work chromatographytandem chromatography tandem LCMS/MS LCMSMS LC MS/MS MS (LC-MS/MS 0.3100 03100 0.3 100 0 3 0.3-10 mL1. mL1 mL 1. 1 mL-1 Intrabatch, Intrabatch Intra batch, batch Intra-batch interbatch inter reproducibility 10 10% rapid robust LCMS MSMS 3100 0.310 0310 03 0. 0.3-1 mL- 310 0.31 031 0.3- 31

RESUMO: Os padrões paisagísticos em zonas montanhosas com rápido desenvolvimento económico são fortemente afetados por múltiplas atividades humanas. No entanto, as mudanças nas alterações da paisagem nas áreas montanhosas cársticas atribuídas a atividades humanas complexas permanecem obscuras. A investigação sobre o grau de alteração da paisagem em zonas montanhosas sob a influência das atividades humanas é de grande importância para a conservação e gestão científica das paisagens montanhosas. Selecionamos zonas rurais com quatro tipos típicos de acidentes geográficos de pequena escala em áreas montanhosas como objetos de pesquisa e analisamos a resposta das mudanças na perturbação da paisagem rural à atividade humana nessas áreas. Nossos resultados revelam que o grau de alteração da paisagem e a atividade humana influenciam o aumento do índice na maioria das áreas montanhosas. As mudanças na atividade humana e nas perturbações paisagísticas são geralmente observadas na região de baixo relevo do terreno. A utilização intensiva do solo associada ao rápido desenvolvimento econômico tem um sério impacto negativo no grau de perturbação da paisagem, enquanto os projetos de restauração ecológica exercem um impacto positivo. Acelerar a implementação dos projetos para área “verde” e regular a expansão não regulamentada da produção e da terra viva são medidas cruciais para a gestão ecológica em áreas montanhosas cársticas. As futuras estratégias de gestão ecológica deverão centrar-se em áreas de terreno relativamente planas. Nossas descobertas contribuem para a gestão da paisagem e a regulação da atividade humana de diferentes tipos de relevo de pequena escala em áreas montanhosas cársticas. RESUMO entanto obscuras positivo verde “verde centrarse centrar se planas

ABSTRACT: Landscape patterns in mountainous areas with rapid economic development are strongly affected by multiple human activities. However, the changes in landscape disturbances across karst mountainous areas attributed to complex human activities remain unclear. Research on the degree of landscape disturbance in mountainous areas under the influence of human activities is of great significance to the conservation and scientific management of mountainous landscapes. We selected rural zones with four typical small-scale landform types in karst mountainous areas as the research objects and analyzed the response of changes in rural landscape disturbance to human activity in these areas. Our results revealed that the landscape disturbance degree and human activity influence index increase in the majority of karst mountainous areas. The changes in human activity and landscape disturbances are generally observed in the low terrain relief region. High-intensity land use associated with rapid economic development has a serious negative impact on the degree of landscape disturbance, while ecological restoration projects exert a positive impact. Accelerating the implementation of the grain for green project and regulating the unregulated expansion of production and living land are crucial measures for the ecological management in karst mountainous areas. Future ecological management strategies should focus on relatively flat terrain areas. Our findings contributed to the landscape management and human activity regulation of different small-scale landform types in karst mountainous areas. ABSTRACT However unclear landscapes smallscale small scale region Highintensity High intensity

RESUMO: A regularização ambiental da piscicultura continental no Brasil está intimamente ligada à ocupação e uso do solo, as áreas utilizadas para a atividade estão em sua maioria inseridas em áreas de preservação permanente (APP), próximas a rios e nascentes. Esse cenário demonstra a relação entre a atividade e o cumprimento da lei, referente às questões florestais no país. Santa Catarina é um dos estados líderes na piscicultura e um dos primeiros a regulamentar o uso de áreas de preservação permanente (APPs). Assim, foi avaliada a viabilidade de uma proposta de compensação ambiental para regularizar o uso de APPs em Santa Catarina para a piscicultura. Os resultados mostraram que 74% das pisciculturas analisadas precisam regularizar a ocupação das estruturas de produção em APPs. Com relação ao índice proposto de compensação pelo uso em APP, o fator de compensação ambiental (FCA), por meio da avaliação dos mapas individuais e posterior avaliação integrada, todas as pisciculturas identificadas com passivos ambientais em ocupação apresentavam relações de 1:2 e 1:3, sendo este índice uma alternativa viável para a regularização ambiental da atividade. No entanto, propõe-se que o ECF seja aplicado a pequenas pisciculturas, de até quatro módulos fiscais e que tenham um perfil de ocupação mínima padrão em relação à área total da propriedade, conforme avaliado no presente estudo. RESUMO solo APP , (APP) nascentes lei país . (APPs) Assim 74 FCA, FCA (FCA) integrada 12 1 2 1: 13, 13 3, 3 1:3 entanto propõese propõe se propriedade estudo (APP (APPs 7 (FCA

ABSTRACT: The environmental regulation of continental fish farming in Brazil is closely linked to land occupation and use. Areas used for this activity are mostly located in permanent preservation areas (PPA), close to rivers and springs, demonstrating the necessity of regulating this activity for its compliance with public policy. Santa Catarina is a leading state in fish farming and one of the first to regulate the use of PPAs. The feasibility of a proposal for environmental compensation to regularize the use of PPAs in Santa Catarina for fish farming; was therefore, assessed. The results showed that 74% of the fish farms analyzed need to regularize the occupation of production structures in PPAs. Regarding the proposed index of compensation for use in PPAs, the environmental compensation factor (ECF), through evaluation of the individual maps and subsequent integrated evaluation, all the fish farms identified with environmental liabilities in occupation had ratios of 1:2 and 1:3, and this index is a viable alternative for environmental regularization of the activity. It was further proposed that ECF be applied to small fish farms of up to four fiscal modules and that they have a standard minimum occupancy profile in relation to the total area of the property, as assessed in the present study. ABSTRACT PPA, PPA , (PPA) springs policy therefore 74 ECF, (ECF) 12 1 2 1: 13, 13 3, 3 1:3 property study (PPA 7 (ECF

Résumé La littérature sur les réformes électorales en général, et les réformes du financement des campagnes en particulier, a peu bénéficié des contributions du domaine de l’analyse des politiques publiques, que ce soit en termes théoriques et/ou méthodologiques. Cet article propose un modèle d’analyse des réformes du financement des campagnes à partir du concept de cycle de politiques (policy cycle), en considérant la manière dont l’agenda des réformes est formé (1); la prise de décision (2); la mise en œuvre (3); et l’évaluation (4). J’utilise ce modèle pour observer empiriquement le cas de la régulation du financement propre aux élections au Brésil, en utilisant des méthodes qualitatives et quantitatives. Les résultats indiquent que la restriction du financement propre au Brésil est associée à une plus grande importance de ce type de ressources dans les campagnes électorales après l’interdiction des dons des entreprises. De plus, la réforme semble ne pas atteindre ses objectifs initiaux. Dans cette optique, l’article cherche à contribuer à la littérature de deux manières: en proposant un modèle d’analyse des réformes du financement des campagnes et en l’appliquant au cas brésilien. général particulier lanalyse l analyse publiques etou ou méthodologiques danalyse d policy cycle, , cycle) lagenda agenda 1 (1) 2 (2) 3 (3) lévaluation évaluation 4. 4 . (4) Jutilise J utilise quantitatives linterdiction interdiction entreprises initiaux optique larticle manières lappliquant appliquant brésilien (1 (2 (3 (4 (

Resumo A literatura sobre reformas eleitorais, em geral, e reformas do financiamento de campanhas, em específico, tem se beneficiado pouco das contribuições do campo de análise de políticas públicas. Seja em termos teóricos e/ou metodológicos. Este artigo propõe um modelo de análise de reformas do financiamento de campanhas a partir do conceito de ciclo de políticas (policy cycle), considerando como se forma a agenda sobre reformas (1); tomada de decisão (2); implementação (3); e avaliação (4). Utilizo este modelo para observar empiricamente o caso da regulação do autofinanciamento eleitoral no Brasil, a partir de métodos qualitativos e quantitativos. Os resultados indicam que a restrição do autofinanciamento no Brasil está associada ao maior peso desse tipo de recurso nas campanhas após a proibição das doações empresariais. E, também, a reforma parece não cumprir seus objetivos iniciais. Neste sentido, o artigo busca contribuir com a literatura em dois sentidos: a proposição de um modelo de análise das reformas de financiamento de campanhas e sua aplicação ao caso brasileiro. eleitorais geral específico públicas eou ou metodológicos policy cycle, cycle , cycle) 1 (1) 2 (2) 3 (3) 4. 4 . (4) quantitativos empresariais E também iniciais sentido sentidos brasileiro (1 (2 (3 (4 (

Resumen La literatura sobre las reformas electorales, en general, y las reformas de la financiación de las campañas, en particular, se ha beneficiado poco de las aportaciones del campo del análisis de las políticas públicas. Ya sea en términos teóricos y/o metodológicos. Este artículo propone un modelo para analizar las reformas de la financiación de las campañas electorales basado en el concepto de ciclo de políticas (policy cycle), considerando cómo se forma la agenda sobre reformas (1); la toma de decisiones (2); la aplicación (3); y la evaluación (4). Utilizo este modelo para analizar empíricamente el caso de la regulación de la autofinanciación electoral en Brasil, empleando métodos cualitativos y cuantitativos. Los resultados indican que la restricción de la autofinanciación en Brasil está asociada al mayor peso de este tipo de recursos en las campañas tras la prohibición de las donaciones empresariales. Y la reforma tampoco parece cumplir sus objetivos iniciales. En este sentido, el artículo pretende contribuir a la literatura de dos maneras: proponiendo un modelo para analizar las reformas de la financiación de las campañas y aplicándolo al caso brasileño. general particular públicas yo o metodológicos policy cycle, cycle , cycle) 1 (1) 2 (2) 3 (3) 4. 4 . (4) cuantitativos empresariales iniciales sentido maneras brasileño (1 (2 (3 (4 (

Abstract The literature regarding electoral reforms, in general, and campaign finance reforms, in particular, has benefited little from the contributions of the public policy field, whether in theoretical or methodological terms. This article proposes a model to analyze campaign finance reforms based on the concept of the policy cycle, considering how the formation of the agenda for reforms takes place, namely (1) decision-making (2) implementation (3) and evaluation. I use this model to examine the case of electoral self-financing regulation in Brazil in an empirical manner, employing both qualitative and quantitative methods. The results indicate that the restriction on self-financing in Brazil is associated with a greater reliance on this type of resource in campaigns after the prohibition of corporate donations. In addition, the reform seems to fall short of its initial objectives. Thus, this article seeks to contribute to the literature in two ways: by proposing a model to analyze campaign finance reforms and applying it to the Brazilian case. general particular field terms cycle place 1 (1 decisionmaking decision making 2 (2 3 (3 evaluation selffinancing self financing manner methods donations addition objectives Thus ways (

Resumen Marco contextual: Las ambulancias de soporte vital inmediato (SVI) permiten al personal de enfermería intervenir en un contexto prehospitalario, con el apoyo de sus conocimientos técnico-científicos y de complejos protocolos de actuación y regulación médica a través de la telemedicina. Objetivo: Analizar las aportaciones de la intervención del personal de enfermería del SVI en la evolución del estado clínico de la persona en situación crítica (PSC). Metodología: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo-correlacional, retrospectivo, realizado en centros de SVI del norte de Portugal. Se analizaron 574 historias clínicas electrónicas entre el 1 de noviembre y el 31 de diciembre de 2019, correspondientes al mismo número de personas evaluadas. Se utilizó la escala National Early Warning Score (NEWS) para evaluar la evolución clínica de la PSC. Resultados: Se observó una evolución positiva en el score NEWS de la PSC, tras la intervención del personal de enfermería del SVI (M = 4,43 ± 3,901 vs 3,34 ± 3,329; sig < 0,001). Por el contrario, el riesgo clínico disminuyó significativamente tras la intervención del personal de enfermería. Conclusión: Se demostró la relevancia de la intervención del personal de enfermería del SVI en el contexto prehospitalario, como garantía de seguridad, calidad y mejora continua en la atención a la PSC.

Resumo Enquadramento: As ambulâncias de suporte imediato de vida (SIV) possibilitam ao enfermeiro capacidade de intervenção em contexto pré-hospitalar, suportada pelo seu conhecimento técnico-científico, protocolos complexos de atuação e regulação médica por telemedicina. Objetivo: Analisar os contributos da intervenção dos enfermeiros SIV, na evolução do estado clínico da pessoa em situação crítica (PSC). Metodologia: Estudo quantitativo, descritivo-correlacional, retrospetivo, realizado em meios SIV, na região norte de Portugal. Analisados 574 registos clínicos eletrónicos, entre 01 de novembro e 31 de dezembro de 2019, que correspondem ao mesmo número de pessoas avaliadas. Utilizada a escala National Early Warning Score (NEWS) para avaliar a evolução clínica da PSC. Resultados: Observou-se uma evolução positiva do score NEWS da PSC, após a intervenção do enfermeiro SIV (M = 4,43 ± 3,901 vs 3,34 ± 3,329; sig < 0,001). Em sentido inverso, o risco clínico diminuiu significativamente após a intervenção do enfermeiro. Conclusão: Demonstrou-se a relevância da intervenção do enfermeiro SIV no contexto pré-hospitalar, enquanto garantia de segurança, qualidade e melhoria contínua dos cuidados à PSC.

Abstract Background: Immediate life support (ILS) ambulances allow nurses to intervene in pre-hospital settings, supported by their technical-scientific knowledge and complex protocols of action and regulation through telemedicine. Objective: To analyze the contributions of nursing interventions in the evolution of the clinical state of critical patients. Methodology: Quantitative, descriptive-correlational, retrospective, and observational study conducted in ILS settings in northern Portugal. A total of 574 electronic clinical records were analyzed between 1 November and 31 December 2019, corresponding to the same number of people evaluated. The National Early Warning Score (NEWS) was used to assess the clinical evolution of critical patients. Results: There was a positive evolution of the NEWS score of critical patients after the intervention of ILS nurses (M = 4.43 ± 3.901 vs. 3.34 ± 3.329; sig < 0.001). Similarly, the clinical risk of critical patients decreased after the nurse’s intervention. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the importance of nurses in prehospital care, as a guarantee of safety, quality, and continuous improvement of care for critical patients.

Abstract For the understanding of the shear behavior of steel fiber reinforced concrete beams without stirrups (shear reinforcement), beams were experimentally studied employing bending tests. The analyzed parameters were two classes of compressive strength (30 MPa and 45 MPa) and three dosages of fibers (40 kg/m³, 60 kg/m³ and 80 kg/m³), in addition to the reference trace. An analytical comparison of the experimental results with calculation models from normative regulations and scientific papers was studied to predict the failure force of the beams. The results showed gains in the ultimate shear strength provided by steel fibers, evidencing their great potential against shear stress. The failure mode of the beams was not altered for the dosages of fibers and compressive strength classes studied. However, higher load and deformation capacity was evidenced with an increasing number of fibers and f c . The model from Brazilian regulation NBR 16935 (ABNT, 2021a) showed excellent results in predicting the failure force of the beams in group C30. reinforcement, reinforcement , reinforcement) tests 30 (3 4 40 (4 kgm³ kgm kg m³ m 6 kg/m 8 kg/m³) trace stress However 1693 ABNT, ABNT (ABNT 2021a a C30 C 3 ( 169 C3 16 1

Resumo Para o entendimento do comportamento ao cisalhamento de vigas de concreto reforçadas com fibras de aço e sem a utilização de estribos, foram estudadas experimentalmente vigas por meio de ensaios de flexão. Os parâmetros analisados foram duas classes deresistência à compressão (30MPa e 45MPa) e três quantidades de fibras (40kg/m³, 60kg/m³ e 80kg/m³), além de um traço de referência. Uma comparação analítica dos resultados experimentais com modelos de cálculos de regulamentações normativas e de trabalhos científicos foi estudada para a previsão da força de ruína das vigas. Os resultados experimentais demonstraram ganhos na resistência última ao cisalhamento proporcionado pelas fibras de aço, evidenciando seu grande potencial frente ao esforço de cisalhamento. O modo de ruína das vigas não foi alterado para as quantidades de fibras e classes de resistência estudadas. Porém, maior capacidade de carga e de deformação foi evidenciada com o aumento da quantidade de fibras e do fck. O modelo da norma brasileira NBR 16935 (ABNT, 2021a) mostrou excelente resultado na previsão da força de ruína das vigas do grupo C30. estribos flexão 30MPa MPa 45MPa 40kg/m³, 40kgm³ kgm 40kg m³ kg m (40kg/m³ 60kgm³ 60kg 60kg/m 80kg/m³, 80kgm³ 80kg/m³ , 80kg 80kg/m³) referência Porém fck 1693 ABNT, ABNT (ABNT 2021a C30 C 40kg/m³ 40kgm (40kg/m 60kgm 80kgm 80kg/m 169 C3 40kg/m 16 1

Abstract Purpose: To identify the challenges faced by nanomedicine in Mexico, according to the opinion of experts in the field. Methodological design: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with Mexican researchers in the field of nanomedicine. The participants were selected through purposive sampling. Interviews were both online and face-to-face. The information was processed with ATLAS.ti software. Results: Challenges were identified in different areas: financing, social benefit, human resources, infrastructure, nanotoxicology, patenting, preclinical and clinical research, academia-industry linkage, regulation, scientific policy and multidisciplinary work. Research limitations: Interviews included researchers only. It would be necessary to interview other agents involved in the nanomedicine chain of value, such as entrepreneurs and health sector managers. Findings: The main challenges facing nanomedical research in Mexico are the following: reduced funding, research with little impact on society, lack of specific educational programs in nanomedicine, low patenting activity, weak links between academia and industry, and lack of regulation. Some proposals to address these challenges are analyzed in this paper.

Resumen Objetivo: Identificar los desafíos que enfrenta la investigación en nanomedicina en México según la opinión de expertos en la materia. Diseño metodológico: Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a investigadores mexicanos del área de nanomedicina. Los entrevistados fueron seleccionados a través de un muestreo intencional. Las entrevistas se llevaron a cabo de manera presencial y a distancia. El procesamiento de la información se realizó con el software ATLAS.ti. Resultados: Se identificaron desafíos en distintos rubros: financiamiento, beneficio social, recursos humanos, infraestructura, nanotoxicología, patentamiento, investigación preclínica y clínica, vinculación academia-industria, regulación, política científica y trabajo multidisciplinario. Limitaciones de la investigación: Las entrevistas se realizaron únicamente a investigadores. Sería necesario entrevistar a otros agentes involucrados en la cadena de valor de la nanomedicina tales como empresarios y funcionarios del sector salud. Hallazgos: Los principales desafíos que enfrenta la investigación nanomédica en México son el financiamiento reducido, investigaciones con poca incidencia en la sociedad, inexistencia de programas educativos específicos en nanomedicina, escaso patentamiento, nula vinculación con empresas y falta de regulación. Algunas propuestas para encarar estos desafíos se analizan en el presente trabajo.

Abstract Worker cooperatives in Argentina experienced an important boom at the beginning of the 21st century in response to the economic and social crises that affected the country. This situation entailed a restructuring of social and employment policies that emphasized work as a means of social inclusion. The aim of this article is to describe and characterize the type of labor insertion that worker cooperatives propose to their members in terms of income, formalization, benefits, and labor guarantees and the ways in which they organize production and time. The findings are presented of a descriptive study, based on the application of surveys and semi-structured interviews with members of 27 worker cooperatives in the Greater Santa Fe agglomerate, located in the Argentine pampas. The study, carried out between 2019 and 2020, recognizes the possibility of labor insertion offered by cooperatives to many people who have been excluded from the formal labor market and even of becoming a space for support, meeting, and training for members and associates. However, it describes nearly generalized situations of labor precariousness among people working in cooperatives, shaped by the lack of social protections and adequate economic regulation for associative and self-managed organizations.

Resumen Las cooperativas de trabajo en Argentina tuvieron un importante auge en los inicios del siglo XXI debido a las crisis económicas y sociales que afectaron al país. Esta situación supuso una reestructuración de la política social y de empleo que puso el énfasis en el trabajo como medio de inclusión social. El objetivo del presente artículo es describir y caracterizar el tipo de inserción laboral que las cooperativas de trabajo proponen a sus miembros en términos de ingresos, formalización, beneficios, garantías laborales y modos en que organizan la producción y los tiempos. Se presentan los hallazgos de una investigación descriptiva, basada en la aplicación de encuestas y entrevistas semiestructuradas a miembros de 27 cooperativas de trabajo del aglomerado Gran Santa Fe, ubicado en la pampa argentina. En el estudio, realizado entre los años 2019 y 2020, se reconoce la posibilidad de inserción laboral que ofrecen las cooperativas a muchas personas que han quedado excluidas del mercado de trabajo formal e incluso de convertirse en un espacio de contención, de encuentro y de formación para asociadas y asociados. Sin embargo, muestra situaciones de precariedad laboral de manera casi generalizada entre las personas que trabajan en las cooperativas, enmarcadas en la falta de condiciones de protección social y de regulación económica adecuadas para las organizaciones asociativas y autogestionadas.

Abstract Introduction. In organic agriculture, green manures and biocontrols are used as methods for fertilization and pest control. However, their independent application of these inputs increases production costs. A pelletized formulation is proposed to allow simultaneous application of both inputs. Objective. To evaluate the effect of pelletized Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. inoculated with Trichoderma harzianum Rifai on nutritional intake, agricultural yield, and regulation of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Materials and methods. The experiment was carried out in 2022 in Tablón del Guarco, Cartago, Costa Rica, using a randomized complete block design with seven treatments and seven repetitions. Two formulations (A and B) of biopellet (M. pruriens + zeolite + T. harzianum) were applied at three dosages (15, 30, 50 g/plant). T. harzianum was added at a rate of 5 g/kg of biopellet. Applications of each treatment were conducted every 15 days for a total of eight applications. At the time of planting, F. oxysporum was inoculated (100 mL/plant with a concentration of 1 x 103 CFU). Results. The application of biopellet achieved a yield and weight of high-quality fruits similar to the commercial control. There were no significant differences among treatments for second and third-quality fruits. The technical efficiency in controlling F. oxysporum reached 97.6 % with biopellet. This amendment increased the levels of Carbon (C), Nitrogen (N), and organic matter in the soil and affected the nutritional content of the plant foliage in the first 60 days after sowing. Conclusions. The biopellet has the capacity to make chemical and organic contributions to the soil, which improves the nutrition of the tomato crop. It could be also a biocontrol alternative against F. oxysporum and compatible with T. harzianum.

Resumen Introducción. En agricultura orgánica, se utilizan abonos verdes y biocontroladores como métodos de fertilización y control de plagas. Sin embargo, la aplicación independiente de estos incrementa los costos de producción. Se propone una presentación peletizada que permita la aplicación conjunta de ambos insumos. Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. peletizada e inoculada con Trichoderma harzianum Rifai en el aporte nutricional, el rendimiento agrícola y la regulación de Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici en tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Materiales y métodos. El experimento se ejecutó el año 2022 en Tablón del Guarco, Cartago, Costa Rica, bajo un diseño de bloques completos al azar con siete tratamientos y siete repeticiones. Se aplicaron dos formulaciones (A y B) de biopélet (M. pruriens + zeolita + T. harzianum) en tres dosificaciones (15, 30, 50 g/planta). La adición de T. harzianum se efectuó a razón de 5 g por cada kilo del biopélet. Se realizaron aplicaciones cada 15 días por tratamiento para un total de ocho aplicaciones. Se inoculó F. oxysporum (100 mL/planta con una concentración de 1 x 103 UFC) a la siembra. Resultados. La aplicación del biopélet mostró un rendimiento y peso de frutos de primera calidad similar al testigo comercial. En frutos de segunda y tercera calidad, no hubo diferencias significativas entre tratamientos. La eficiencia en el control de F. oxysporum alcanzó el 97,6 % con biopélet. Esta enmienda aumentó los niveles de Carbono, Nitrógeno y materia orgánica en el suelo e influenció el contenido nutricional en el follaje a los 60 días después de la siembra. Conclusiones. El biopélet tiene la capacidad de realizar aportes químicos y orgánicos al suelo, por lo cual mejora la nutrición del cultivo del tomate. Los resultados sugieren además que es una alternativa de biocontrol contra F. oxysporum y compatible con T. harzianum.

ABSTRACT The term 'stealthing' refers to non-consensual condom removal during sexual intercourse. This practice carried out against the will of the person who agreed to engage in sexual intercourse under specific modalities, such as the use of a condom, which, in turn, translates to a disruption in the consent. This article argues that in Chile the deficient regulation of sexual and reproductive rights wouldn't allow the bill about the non-consensual removal of the condom in a sexual intercourse respond to this phenomenon and its normalization. To develop this idea, has been reviewed the legal and jurisprudential situation of countries such as the United Kingdom, New Zealand, Germany, Netherlands, United States, Costa Rica and Colombia, as well as the pronouncement of international law on the sexual and reproductive rights. The article concludes that the lack of regulations on these rights encourages the normalization of sexually abusive behavior.

RESUMEN El término stealthing designa al retiro no consentido del preservativo durante una relación sexual. Esta práctica es realizada ante la negativa o con el desconocimiento de quien consintió tener relaciones sexuales bajo condiciones específicas, como el uso de condón, lo cual genera un quiebre en el consentimiento. Este artículo argumenta que en Chile la deficiente regulación de los derechos sexuales y reproductivos no permitiría que el proyecto de ley que busca sancionar la remoción no consentida del condón en una relación sexual dé respuesta a este fenómeno y su normalización. Para desarrollar esta idea se ha revisado tanto la situación normativa como la jurisprudencial de países como Reino Unido, Nueva Zelanda, Alemania, Países Bajos, Estados Unidos, Costa Rica y Colombia, al igual que el pronunciamiento del derecho internacional sobre los derechos sexuales y reproductivos. El artículo concluye que la falta de normativa sobre estos derechos insta a la normalización de conductas atentatorias contra la sexualidad y la reproducción.

ABSTRACT In Colombia, labour law seeks to prevent and punish harassment at work, understood as "persistent and demonstrable" conduct with the purpose of undermining the dignity of the worker. Likewise, criminal law criminalises sexual harassment, understood as the act of using one's superiority for non-consensual sexual purposes. This criminal offence seeks to protect freedom, integrity and sexual training. This article analyses, using a gender perspective, the fragmentation that has occurred so far as a result of this double regulation in scenarios of sexual harassment in the workplace and which the Congress of the Republic seeks to remedy with the issuing of Act 2365, 2024. We present six tensions or points in common between labour and criminal regulations. We conclude the article by proposing three lines of research: (1) on the barriers to access to justice for sexual harassment, (2) to continue feminist dogmatic research and (3) on the forms of control in labour settings.

RESUMEN En Colombia, el derecho laboral busca prevenir y sancionar el acoso laboral, entendido como una conducta "persistente y demostrable" con el propósito de cercenar la dignidad del trabajador. Asimismo, el derecho penal tipifica el acoso sexual, comprendido como el hecho de querer valerse de la superioridad con fines sexuales no consentidos. Este tipo penal busca proteger la libertad, la integridad y la formación sexual. Este artículo analiza, utilizando una perspectiva de género, la fragmentación que se ha presentado hasta ahora a raíz de esta doble regulación en escenarios de acoso sexual laboral y que el Congreso de la República busca subsanar con la expedición de la Ley 2365 de 2024. Presentamos seis tensiones o puntos en común entre las regulaciones laborales y penales. Concluimos el artículo proponiendo tres líneas de investigación: (1) sobre las barreras de acceso a la justicia del acoso sexual, (2) continuar la investigación dogmática feminista y (3) sobre las formas de control en escenarios laborales.

Resumen Los planes de ordenamiento social de la propiedad rural (POSPR) en Colombia permitirían la implementación de la reforma rural integral (RRI), componente esencial del Acuerdo de Paz. De manera puntual, se argumenta que el diseño institucional del POSPR de Ovejas, municipio del Departamento de Sucre, posibilitaría la ejecución de la RRI. La información de entrevistas a actores clave, la revisión de legislación nacional y la elaboración de matrices en un software muestran que, en esta localidad, los planes de incorporación de hectáreas al Fondo de Tierras y de entrega de títulos de propiedad fortalecen la participación comunitaria con equidad de género y garantiza el ordenamiento del territorio. No obstante, la suspensión paulatina a escala nacional de estos planes ha detenido el avance de la reforma rural. Ovejas sería el único municipio que estaría cumpliendo con este punto del Acuerdo de Paz.

Abstract The Plans for the Social Organization of Rural Property (POSPR) in Colombia would allow the implementation of the Integral Rural Reform (RRI), an essential component of the Peace Agreements. Specifically, POSPR’s institutional design in Ovejas (a municipality in the Department of Sucre) would enable the implementation of the RRI. Information from interviews with key actors, the review of national legislation, and the use of software to elaborate databases show that, in this locality, plans to incorporate hectares into the Land Fund and the delivery of land titles strengthen community participation with gender equity and guarantee territorial planning. However, the gradual suspension of these plans at the national level has halted the progress of rural reform. Ovejas would be the only municipality complying with this point of the Peace Agreements.

Resumen El acceso equitativo y permanente a servicios públicos no siempre es una prioridad para la gestión local, en especial en territorios y poblaciones históricamente rezagadas. Esta contribución sostiene que en Copoya, localidad mayoritariamente ejidal de la Zona Metropolitana de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, el servicio estatal y comunitario por el suministro de agua potable no es eficiente. El problema se agudizó con el crecimiento urbano y la demanda por la tierra durante el siglo XX. A partir de entrevistas, recorridos de campo y notas de prensa, se destaca que la escasez del líquido lleva a sus residentes a buscar alternativas como la compra de pipas, pozos de traspatio y sistemas de agua no tratada que no resuelven el tema de fondo y que profundizan la pobreza y la desigualdad socioterritorial. Se concluye que la inexistencia de proyectos de inversión no permite una salida para el abastecimiento en el corto y mediano plazo.

Abstract Equitable and permanent access to public services is not always a priority for local management, especially in those territories and historically neglected populations. This contribution argues that in Copoya, a mostly ejido locality in the Metropolitan Zone of Tuxtla Gutiérrez, state and community service for drinking water supply is inefficient. The situation has worsened with urban growth and demand for land throughout the twentieth century. Interviews, field visits and press releases show that residents, due to the lack of water, look for alternatives such as purchasing pipes, backyard wells and untreated water systems. These alternatives do not solve the underlying issue and deepen their poverty and socio-territorial inequality. The article concludes that poor investment in projects does not allow a solution for the supply in the short and medium term.

Resumen El alquiler de vivienda es una práctica en crecimiento en gran parte de Argentina. Este trabajo analiza el proceso de inquilinización y las iniciativas de regulación del mercado de alquileres en Rosario, tercera ciudad con mayor número de inquilinos del país entre 2003-2023. Los datos que arrojan los documentos oficiales, no oficiales y notas de prensa, muestran que la legislación nacional favorece la desregulación del mercado habitacional. La escasez de políticas habitacionales para inquilinos contrasta con la disponibilidad de viviendas que no se alquilan debido a conflictos y falta de control estatal respecto de precios, regulación y mediación contratos. La elaboración de una política pública para este mercado debería incluir una propuesta de impuestos a la vivienda desocupada, alquiler social e incentivos para la construcción de nuevas viviendas para atender la demanda de alquiler.

Abstract Renting property is a widespread practice in much of Argentina. This paper analyses the mechanisms of renting and initiatives to regulate the rental market in Rosario, the third city with the highest number of tenants in the country (2003-2023). Data from official and unofficial documents and press releases show that national legislation favors the deregulation of the housing market. The scarcity of housing policies for tenants contrasts with the availability of unrented housing due to conflicts and lack of state control over prices, regulation and mediation of contracts. The development of a public policy for this market should include a proposal for taxation of unoccupied housing, social renting and incentives for building new housing to meet rental demand.