This paper explores the intertwined scientific legacies of Ettore Majorana, Giuseppe Occhialini, and Mário Schenberg, three prominent physicists who made significant contributions to the fields of particle physics and astrophysics. By analyzing historical records, personal accounts, and scientific collaborations, the study highlights the roles these figures played in the discovery of the positron, the theoretical development of neutrinos, and the study of cosmic rays. Particular attention is given to the missed encounter between Schenberg and Majorana during Occhialini and Schenberg’s 1938 journey to Italy. The paper also examines the scientific connections among Majorana’s work on neutrinos, Occhialini’s experimental confirmation of Dirac’s predictions, and Schenberg’s contributions to stellar processes. This study aims to provide a detailed perspective on this moment in the history of science. astrophysics records accounts collaborations positron neutrinos rays Schenbergs s 193 Italy Majoranas Occhialinis Diracs Dirac predictions processes science 19 1

ABSTRACT Purpose: Keratoconus presents certain peculiarities in pediatric patients when compared with adults. The greatest challenge in children is that the disease is more severe and faster in progression. In this retrospective study, we aimed to compare the accelerated and Dresden protocols for corneal crosslinking in patients aged <18 years who were followed-up for at least 12 months. Methods: A total of 36 eyes from 27 patients were included in the study. The best corrected and uncorrected visual acuity, maximal keratometry, corneal thickness, foveal thickness, and endothelial microscopy findings were evaluated at baseline and during the postoperative period at one, three, and six months. Thereafter, the patients were evaluated at one, three, six and twelve months postoperative. Corneal crosslinking was performed in all patients via the Dresden protocol (n=21 eyes) or the accelerated protocol (n=15 eyes). Data between the two groups were compared and XY statistical analysis was used. Results: Both protocols were effective in halting keratoconus progression. No patient had progression at the 12-month follow-up. A significant reduction in Kmax and improvement in the corrected distance visual acuity were observed only in the Dresden protocol group. Although the Dresden protocol was superior to the accelerated protocol in reducing Kmax (p=0.002), there was no significant difference in corrected distance visual acuity between the two groups. Conclusion: The accelerated protocol is as efficient as the Dresden protocol in stabilizing keratoconus progression. Although the Dresden protocol was superior to the accelerated protocol in reducing the Kmax, it did not produce better clinical results. Thus, the accelerated protocol is an efficient option. Furthermore, considering the advantages of reduced surgical time, the accelerated protocol is effective in halting keratoconus progression in the pediatric age group. Purpose adults study 18 <1 followedup followed up 1 Methods 3 2 keratometry thickness one three Thereafter n=21 n21 n 21 (n=2 n=15 n15 15 (n=1 eyes. . used Results 12month month followup. followup follow up. follow-up group p=0.002, p0002 p p=0.002 , 0 002 (p=0.002) Conclusion results Thus option Furthermore time < n=2 n2 (n= n=1 n1 p000 p=0.00 00 (p=0.002 n= (n p00 p=0.0 (p=0.00 p0 p=0. (p=0.0 p=0 (p=0. p= (p=0 (p= (p

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to verify the response of the melon accessions MR1 and C14 to gamma radiation in terms of germination and morphology.The melon accessions came from the germplasm collection of the Federal Rural University of the Semi-arid Region, and were submitted to five doses of gamma radiation (0, 100, 200, 300, 400 Gy) in four replications, each comprising 25 seeds, at the Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture of the University of São Paulo. The seeds were grown in a greenhouse at UFERSA employing a completely randomised design. The germination potential, rate and index were evaluated during the first stage of the trial. During the second stage, the germinated plants were transplanted into eight-litre buckets containing substrate and sand, in four replications of 15 plants each. The inflorescence, leaf blade and fruit were evaluated. The IMAGE J image analysis software was used to obtain the leaf and fruit data. The germination potential varied for the gamma-ray doses being tested, while the germination rate and index were not affected; phenotypic variations were seen in the leaves. The gamma-ray doses had no effect on the germination process. MR C C1 morphologyThe morphology Semiarid Semi arid Region 0, 0 (0 100 200 300 40 Gy 2 Paulo design trial eightlitre eight litre sand 1 inflorescence data gammaray ray tested affected leaves process ( 10 20 30 4 3

RESUMO Objetivo: Relatar um caso de deficiência longitudinal congênita da ulna com oligodactilia bilateral em recém-nascido do sexo masculino. Descrição do caso: Recém-nascido do sexo masculino nascido a termo, cuja gestação foi normal e sem alterações nas ultrassonografias durante o pré-natal, apresentou malformações em membros superiores, com encurtamento do antebraço esquerdo e ausência de três quirodáctilos bilateralmente durante o exame físico neonatal. Foi realizado um estudo diagnóstico baseado em exames complementares como raio X, ultrassonografia abdominal e transfontanela, ecocardiograma e cariótipo, os quais permitiram a identificação detalhada das malformações e a exclusão de demais anomalias, definindo o diagnóstico de deficiência longitudinal congênita da ulna. As condutas da alta hospitalar foram baseadas na necessidade de suporte e reabilitação para o paciente. Comentários: A deficiência longitudinal congênita da ulna é uma rara malformação de membros superiores, cuja incidência estimada é de 1:100.000 recém-nascidos. Acredita-se que esteja relacionada com o gene Sonic Hedgehog, e as anomalias presentes nos membros superiores variam de acordo com o acometimento ulnar. O diagnóstico precoce não é rotineiro, sendo mais comum ao primeiro exame físico do recém-nascido, com o auxílio de exames de imagem. Objetivo recémnascido recém Recémnascido Recém termo prénatal, prénatal pré natal, natal pré-natal neonatal X transfontanela cariótipo paciente Comentários 1100.000 1100000 1 100.000 100 000 1:100.00 recémnascidos. recémnascidos nascidos. nascidos recém-nascidos Acreditase Acredita se Hedgehog ulnar rotineiro recémnascido, nascido, imagem 1100 1100.00 110000 100000 100.00 10 00 1:100.0 110 1100.0 11000 10000 100.0 0 1:100. 11 1100. 1000 100. 1:100 1:10 1:1 1:

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this study was to report a case of bilateral ulnar longitudinal deficiency with oligodactyly in a male newborn. Case description: A full-term male newborn, born following an uncomplicated gestation with no abnormalities detected on prenatal ultrasounds, presented upper limb malformations described as shortening of the left forearm and absence of three digits bilaterally upon neonatal physical examination. Diagnostic investigations including X-rays, abdominal ultrasound, head ultrasound, echocardiogram, and karyotype analysis were conducted, facilitating detailed identification of the malformations and exclusion of other anomalies, thereby suggesting the diagnosis of congenital longitudinal deficiency of the ulna. Discharge planning encompassed supportive care and rehabilitation as per the patient’s needs. Comments: Ulnar longitudinal deficiency is a rare congenital upper limb malformation, whose estimated incidence is 1:100,000 newborns. It is believed to be related to the Sonic Hedgehog gene, and the upper limb anomalies vary according to the ulnar involvement. The early diagnosis is not routine, being more common at the first physical examination with the aid of imaging tests. Objective newborn description fullterm full term ultrasounds Xrays, Xrays X rays, rays X-rays ultrasound echocardiogram conducted ulna patients patient s needs Comments malformation 1100,000 1100000 1 100,000 100 000 1:100,00 newborns gene involvement routine tests 1100 1100,00 110000 100000 100,00 10 00 1:100,0 110 1100,0 11000 10000 100,0 0 1:100, 11 1100, 1000 100, 1:100 1:10 1:1 1:

RESUMEN El objetivo general del estudio es determinar la percepción de los estudiantes de una universidad privada en Asunción frente a las medidas de seguridad implementadas en un caso específico de amenaza de tiroteo en el año 2023. El enfoque del estudio es cuantitativo, de diseño no experimental de corte transversal y alcance descriptivo. La población considerada para el estudio estuvo conformada por 8089 estudiantes, determinándose una muestra de 385 personas. La tasa de respuesta fue de 99,7% (384). Los criterios de inclusión considerados fueron estar activo e inscripto en la modalidad presencial, tomar clases presenciales en la sede central y estar de acuerdo en completar la encuesta. Se utilizó la encuesta como recolección de datos mediante un cuestionario diseñado con Google Forms de 12 preguntas. Los resultados más relevantes fueron: 41,9% se encuentra muy de acuerdo que sus pertenencias sean revisadas al ingreso a la institución y 39,3% muy conforme con los mecanismos de seguridad implementados por la universidad. Otras opiniones sobre las medidas de seguridad para prevenir y responder a una amenaza de tiroteo son: uso de detectores de metales manuales, mayor presencia de guardias de seguridad, proponer a la administración el abordaje de la salud mental en la malla curricular, habilitar botón de pánico, simulacros de emergencia y rayos-X para los bolsos y mochilas. Se concluye que el estudiantado se encuentra satisfecho ante las dos dimensiones analizadas: seguridad institucional ante el peligro e identificación, satisfacción y sensación de seguridad por parte del estudiante.

ABSTRACT The general objective of the study is to determine the perception of students at a private university in Asunción regarding the security measures implemented in a specific case of a shooting threat, 2023. The approach of the study is quantitative, with a cross-sectional, non-experimental design. and descriptive scope. The population considered for the study was made up of 8089 students, determining a sample of 385 people. The response rate was 99.7% (384). The inclusion criteria considered were being active and enrolled in the in-person modality, taking in-person classes at the headquarters, and agreeing to complete the survey. The survey was used as data collection through a 12-question questionnaire designed with Google Forms. The most relevant results were: 41.9% strongly agree that their belongings are searched upon entry to the institution and 39.3% strongly agree with the security mechanisms implemented by the university. Other opinions on security measures to prevent and respond to a shooting threat are: use of manual metal detectors, increased presence of security guards, proposing to the administration to address mental health in the curriculum, enabling a stop button panic, emergency drills and X-rays for bags and backpacks. It is concluded that the student body is satisfied with the two dimensions analyzed: institutional security in the face of danger and identification, satisfaction and feeling of security on the part of the student.

RESUMEN Introducción: Las luxaciones traumáticas de codo posteromediales asociadas a fracturas de cóndilo externo constituyen una lesión poco común dentro de la patología ortopédica. Pueden pasar desapercibidas si no se tiene la sospecha clínica, y la falla en el diagnóstico y tratamiento pueden derivar en un mal pronóstico funcional para el miembro lesionado. Metodología: Entre el año 2020 y 2022 identificamos 3 pacientes pediátricos con luxación posteromedial de codo asociado a fractura del cóndilo externo. Los tres pacientes presentaron fractura de cóndilo externo tipo 2 de la clasificación de Milch. Todos los pacientes fueron tratados de manera quirúrgica. Tuvieron un seguimiento de 2 años, salvo en uno de ellos, el cual fue de 18 meses. Se realizó un seguimiento clínico y radiológico para la evaluación de la lesión, al tiempo que se aplicó el cuestionario DASH a los 3 pacientes. Resultados: Se obtuvieron excelentes resultados en 2 de los pacientes y buen resultado en uno de ellos dado por una pérdida de la extensión de 15 grados. Aunque todos tuvieron un buen resultado en el cuestionario funcional DASH adaptado. Conclusión: La luxación de codo asociado a la fractura de cóndilo externo es una lesión poco común. Es necesario realizar un diagnóstico precoz a través de un correcto estudio de la lesión, ya sea con radiografías, artrografía, tomografía o resonancia magnética. Se pueden lograr buenos resultados siempre que se realice un correcto tratamiento de la misma con un exhaustivo control evolutivo.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Traumatic posteromedial elbow dislocations associated with external condyle fractures constitute a rare injury in orthopedic pathology. They can go unnoticed if there is no clinical suspicion, and failure in diagnosis and treatment can lead to a poor functional prognosis for the injured limb. Methods: Between 2020 and 2022, we identified 3 pediatric patients with posteromedial elbow dislocation associated with an external condyle fracture. The three patients presented type 2 external condyle fracture of the Milch classification. All patients were treated surgically. A 2-year follow-up was carried out, except in one of them. A clinical and radiological follow-up was performed to evaluate the injury. The DASH questionnaire was administered to the 3 patients. Results: Excellent results were obtained in 2 of the patients and a good result in one of them due to a loss of extension of 15 degrees. Although everyone had a good DASH functional questionnaire. Conclusion: Elbow dislocation associated with lateral condyle fracture is a rare injury. It is necessary to make an early diagnosis through a correct study of the injury, whether with x-rays, arthrography, tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Good results can be achieved as long as correct treatment is carried out with exhaustive evolutionary control.

RESUMO Introdução: As luxações póstero-mediais traumáticas do cotovelo associadas a fraturas do côndilo externo constituem uma lesão rara na patologia ortopédica. Podem passar despercebidos se não houver suspeita clínica, e a falha no diagnóstico e tratamento pode levar a um mau prognóstico funcional para o membro lesado. Metodologia: Entre 2020 e 2022 identificamos 3 pacientes pediátricos com luxação posteromedial do cotovelo associada a fratura do côndilo externo. Os três pacientes apresentavam fratura de côndilo externo tipo 2 da classificação de Milch. Todos os pacientes foram tratados cirurgicamente. Tiveram seguimento de 2 anos, exceto em um deles, que foi de 18 meses. Foi realizado acompanhamento clínico e radiológico para avaliação da lesão e aplicado o questionário DASH nos três pacientes. Resultados: Excelentes resultados foram obtidos em 2 dos pacientes e bom resultado em um deles devido à perda de extensão de 15 graus. Embora todos tenham obtido bom resultado no questionário funcional DASH adaptado. Conclusão: A luxação do cotovelo associada à fratura do côndilo externo é uma lesão rara. É necessário fazer um diagnóstico precoce através de um estudo correto da lesão, seja com radiografias, artrografia, tomografia ou ressonância magnética. Bons resultados podem ser alcançados desde que realizado um tratamento correto e com exaustivo controle evolutivo.

Resumen Introducción. El tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) es considerado uno de los cultivos más importantes en el mundo. La mejora genética del tomate ha empleado diferentes métodos para generar variabilidad, la inducción de mutaciones es una de las técnicas empleadas en la obtención de variedades mejoradas. El primer paso, en el uso de esta herramienta, es el estudio de radiosensibilidad para determinar la dosis de irradiación a emplear. Objetivo. Determinar la radiosensibilidad y la dosis de rayos gamma de cobalto-60 a emplear en tres variedades de tomate. Materiales y métodos. Esta investigación se desarrolló en enero del año 2020, en el Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Agrícolas de Cuba. Se irradiaron con rayos gamma de Cobalto-60 semillas de tres variedades de tomate, con dosis entre 100 Gy y 900 Gy, con intervalos de dosis de 100 Gy; también se empleó un control sin irradiar. Se evaluaron el porcentaje de germinación, la altura y la sobrevivencia de las plántulas. Resultados. Se observó que a mayores dosis de irradiación se redujo la germinación, la sobrevivencia y la altura de las plántulas. Las variedades IDIAP T-7 e IDIAP T-9 redujeron su germinación a la dosis de 400 Gy y el cultivar DINA RPs a los 300 Gy. Los genotipos presentaron valores de sobrevivencia por debajo del 50 % a la dosis de 800 Gy. La reducción de altura inició a la dosis de 200 Gy para la variedad IDIAP T-7, 300 Gy para DINA RPs y 400 Gy para IDIAP T-9. Conclusión. Las dosis de DL-50 identificadas fueron 692, 588 y 630 Gy y las dosis deGR-50 fueron 407, 467 y 380 Gy para las variedades IDIAP T-7, IDIAP T-9 Y DINA RPs, respectivamente. Se seleccionó la dosis GR-50 de cada una de las variedades para el programa de mejora por mutaciones.

Abstract Introduction. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is considered one of the most important crops in the world. Genetic improvement of tomatoes has employed different methods to generate variability, and mutation the induction of mutations is one of the techniques used to obtaining improved varieties. The first step in using this tool is studying radiosensitivity to determine the irradiation dose to be used. Objective. To determine the radiosensitivity and the dose of cobalt-60 gamma rays to be used in three tomato varieties. Materials and methods. This research was conducted in January 2020 at the Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Agrícolas of Cuba. Seeds of three tomato varieties were irradiated with cobalt-60 gamma rays, with doses ranging from 100 Gy to 900 Gy, at intervals of 100 Gy; an unirradiated control was also used. The percentage of germination, plant height, and seedling survival were evaluated. Results. It was observed that higher irradiation dose reduced germination, survival, and plant height. The IDIAP T-7 and IDIAP T-9 varieties reduced germination at a dose of 400 Gy, while the DINA RPs cultivar reduced germination at 300 Gy. Genotypes showed survival values below 50 % at a dose of 800 Gy. Height reduction began at doses of 200 Gy for IDIAP T-7, 300 Gy for DINA RPs, and 400 Gy for IDIAP T-9. Conclusion. The DL-50 doses were identified as 692, 588, and 630 Gy, and the GR-50 doses were 407, 467, and 380 Gy for the IDIAP T-7, IDIAP T-9, and DINA RPs varieties, respectively. The GR-50 dose of each variety was selected for the mutation breeding program.

RESUMEN: Los salmónidos, durante su desarrollo, pueden experimentar ocasionalmente deformaciones esqueléticas. Para su diagnóstico se emplean diversas metodologías, entre las que se incluyen radiografías, técnicas histológicas, diafanización con tinciones de alizarina y azul de alcián, así como el uso del microscopio electrónico de barrido (SEM), cada una con sus inherentes ventajas y desventajas. Este estudio tuvo como finalidad evaluar y comparar la eficacia de la tomografía microcomputarizada (Micro-CT) para el análisis anatómico, reconstruyendo tridimensionalmente las imágenes y contrastándolas con los resultados obtenidos mediante la técnica de diafanización. Se analizaron las aletas caudales de cinco ejemplares de salmón Oncorhynchus kisutch: dos sujetos a diafanización y tres procesados para análisis mediante Micro-CT utilizando el equipo BRUKER SkyScan 1272. La técnica de Micro-CT demostró superioridad en la resolución de las estructuras óseas, facilitando una exploración detallada de las variaciones morfológicas y la distribución de la densidad mineral. Este enfoque permitió identificar anomalías en la morfología y crecimiento de las últimas vértebras y lepidotriquias dorsales, así como una densidad incrementada en lepidotriquias dorsales malformadas. La mayor resolución proporcionada por la Micro-CT no solo potencia nuestra comprensión de la ontogenia piscícola y su adaptación a ambientes diversos, sino que además inaugura perspectivas innovadoras para el estudio de la evolución de las estrategias locomotoras y las respuestas adaptativas frente a cambios ambientales a través del tiempo.

SUMMARY: During their development, some species of salmonids may occasionally experience skeletal deformations. Several methodologies are currently being used for the diagnosis of such malformations, among which X-rays, histological techniques, diaphanization coupled either with Alizarin Red or Alcian Blue stains, as well as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) can be mentioned. Each one of those methods presents inherent advantages and disadvantages. The purpose of this study was twofold: Firstly, to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of microcomputed tomography (Micro-CT) technology for anatomical analysis, three-dimensionally reconstructing the obtained images; and secondly, to contrast those images with the results obtained through the diaphanization technique. The caudal fins of five specimens of the Oncorhynchus kisutch salmon were analyzed: Two specimens were subjected to diaphanization and three were processed for Micro-CT analysis, using the BRUKER SkyScan 1272 equipment. The Micro-CT technology demonstrated superiority in the resolution of bone structures, facilitating a detailed exploration of morphological variations, as well as the distribution of mineral density. This experimental approach allowed us to identify anomalies in the morphology and growth of the last vertebrae and dorsal lepidotrichiae, as well as an increased mineral density in the malformed dorsal lepidotrichiae. The higher resolution provided by Micro-CT not only enhances our understanding of the fish ontogeny and its adaptation to diverse environments, but also opens innovative perspectives for the study of the evolution of locomotor strategies and adaptive responses to environmental changes.

SUMMARY: The anatomical structure of wood from tree species found in floodplain forests can undergo alterations due to seasonal fluctuations in water levels, potentially affecting the volume of wood available for sustainable forest management in inundated areas. Thus, this study aims to characterize the anatomical features of Hura crepitans, Ocotea cymbarum and Eschweilera albiflora, assessing whether these characteristics differ from descriptions reported in previous studies of the same species conducted in other environments. Samples were collected from six adult trees of each species in two sustainable development reserves (SDR), Mamirauá and Amanã, located in the middle Solimões region, state of Amazonas, using a non-destructive method with an increment borer. Two samples were collected from three different heights (0.30, 1.30, and 2.30 m). Microscopic descriptions of the species were determined (porosity, axial parenchyma, rays, fibers, and vessel elements). Two-way factorial ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test was used to verify the differences in the anatomical elements of the wood samples collected at the three heights. The wood of H. crepitans has diffuse porosity, a predominance of solitary vessels, diffuse-in-aggregates, scarce axial parenchyma, non-storied rays, and libriform fibers. The wood of O. cymbarum has solitary vessels in radial multiples, vasicentric axial parenchyma, non-storied rays, and septate fibers. E. albiflora has a radial grouping of vessels, banded parenchyma, and non-storied rays. This study confirms previous descriptions of this species, revealing that its anatomical characteristics remain constant throughout the trunk.

RESUMEN: La estructura anatómica de la madera de las especies de árboles que se encuentran en los bosques de llanuras aluviales puede sufrir alteraciones debido a las fluctuaciones estacionales en los niveles de agua, afectando potencialmente el volumen de madera disponible para el manejo forestal sostenible de las áreas inundadas. Así, este estudio tiene como objetivo caracterizar las características anatómicas de Hura crepitans, Ocotea cymbarum y Eschweilera albiflora, evaluando si estas características difieren de las descripciones reportadas en estudios previos de las mismas especies realizados en otros ambientes. Se recolectaron muestras de seis árboles adultos de cada especie en dos reservas de desarrollo sustentable (RDS), Mamirauá y Amanã, ubicadas en la región media de Solimões, estado de Amazonas, utilizando un método no destructivo con barrenador incremental. Se tomaron dos muestras en cada una de tres alturas diferentes (0,30, 1,30 y 2,30 m). Se determinaron descripciones microscópicas de las especies (porosidad, parénquima axial, radios, fibras y elementos de los vasos). Se utilizó ANOVA factorial de dos vías seguido de la prueba post hoc de Tukey para verificar las diferencias en los elementos anatómicos de las muestras de madera recolectadas en las tres alturas. La madera de H. crepitans tiene porosidad difusa, predominio de vasos solitarios, difusos en agregados y escaso parénquima axial, radios no estratificados y fibras libriformes. La madera de O. cymbarum tiene vasos solitarios en múltiplos radiales, parénquima axial vasicéntrico, radios sin pisos y fibras septadas. La madera de E. albiflora tiene agrupaciones radiales de vasos, parénquima bandeado y radios sin pisos. Este estudio confirma descripciones previas de la especie, revelando que las características anatómicas permanecen sustancialmente constantes en todo el tronco.

Resumen Este estudio tiene como objetivo indicar el potencial de la inteligencia artificial (IA) en los informes epidemiológicos de dientes cariados, perdidos y restaurados. Como prueba de concepto, nuestro modelo de estudio utilizó imágenes panorámicas de rayos X y un algoritmo de inteligencia artificial para la numeración de dientes, la detección de caries y las restauraciones con una precisión superior al 80 % para dichas tareas de diagnóstico. El resultado fue el número de dientes cariados, perdidos y restaurados según la edad del paciente y el índice CPOD (número de dientes cariados, perdidos y obturados) que varió de 3,6 (hasta 20 años) a 20,4 (+60 años). Por tanto, se sugiere que la IA es un método prometedor para automatizar la recopilación de datos de salud mediante el análisis de rayos X.

Abstract This study aims to indicate the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in epidemiological reports of decayed, missed and restored teeth. As a proof of concept our study model used panoramic x-ray images and an AI algorithm for tooth numbering, detection of the caries and restorations with accuracy over 80% for such diagnostic tasks. The output came as the number of decayed, missed and restored teeth according to patient's age and the DMFT index (number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth) which varied from 3.6 (up to 20 years old) to 20.4 (+60 years old). Thus, it is suggested that AI is a promising method to automate health data collection through the analysis of x-rays.

Abstract: Pediatric rapid response teams (PRRT) aim to detect the clinical deterioration of a patient and implement timely treatment, avoiding cardiopulmonary arrests (CPA) and in-hospital mortality. Objective: To describe the experience with PRRT led by the pediatrician in a high-complexity hospital. Patients and Methods: Descriptive, retrospective, longitudinal study. Hospitalized children under 18 years of age who had a PRRT activation between August 2015 and May 2022 were included. Patients who simultaneously had an activation of the emergency system (suspected CPA) were excluded. Demographic and clinical variables were analyzed through a descriptive analysis. Results: We analyzed 225 PRRT events with an activation rate of 17 per 1,000 admissions. Activations were more common in children under two years of age (50%), oncology patients (35%), general hospitalization (88%), the night shift (44%), and respiratory compromise (48%). Most evaluations occurred within the first five minutes (74%). The most frequent interventions were oxygen administration (45%), fluid bolus (43%), laboratory tests (40%), and X-rays (34%). Admission to the pediatric intensive care unit was 45%. The decrease in inpatient CRP was progressive during the time of the study. Conclusions: With the implementation of the PRRT, we found a tendency toward fewer CPA events in hospital wards. Most of the therapeutic interventions derived from the PRRT were of low or medium complexity, which supports the pediatrician as the team leader.

Resumen: Los equipos de respuesta rápida pediátricos (ERRP) buscan detectar el deterioro clínico de un paciente e implementar tratamientos oportunos, evitando paro cardiorrespiratorio (PCR) y mortalidad intrahospitalaria. Objetivo: describir la experiencia del ERRP liderado por el pediatra en un hospital de alta complejidad. Pacientes y Método: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, longitudinal. Se incluyeron menores de 18 años hospitalizados que generaron la activación de un ERRP entre agosto 2015 y mayo 2022. Se excluyeron pacientes que simultáneamente tenían una activación del sistema de emergencia (sospecha de PCR). Se analizaron variables demográficas y clínicas mediante un análisis descriptivo. Resultados: Analizamos 225 eventos de ERRP, con una tasa de activación de 17 por 1.000 admisiones. Predominaron las activaciones en menores de dos años (50%), pacientes oncológicos (35%), hospitalización general (88%), turno nocturno (44%) y el compromiso respiratorio (48%). La mayoría de las evaluaciones se produjeron dentro de los primeros cinco minutos (74%). Las intervenciones más frecuentes fueron administración de oxígeno (45%), bolo de líquidos (43%), laboratorios (40%) y rayos-x (34%). La admisión a la UCI pediátrica fue de 45%. La disminución de las PCR en hospitalización fue progresiva durante el tiempo del estudio. Conclusiones: Con la implementación de los ERRP encontramos una tendencia a presentarse menos eventos por PCR en salas de hospitalización. La mayoría de las intervenciones terapéuticas derivadas del ERRP fueron de baja o mediana complejidad, lo que avala al pediatra de hospitalización como líder del equipo.

ABSTRACT Mutation breeding offers a simple, fast, and efficient way to rectify major defects without altering their original identity. The current research aimed to study interesting traits in a mutant population generated by gamma rays. Five gamma rays doses (100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 Gy) were applied to develop M1 and M2 mutant populations from the Egyptian rice (Oryza sativa L.) ‘Giza177’. Both populations were evaluated in the field during two successive years 2022 (M1) and 2023 (M2). Several traits related to growth and yield were recorded such as plant height, number of branches and panicles, panicle weight, grain yield, and harvest index. Significant differences were found among radiation treatments for most traits. Overall, low radiation doses (100, 200, and 300 Gy) promoted the growth and productivity of plants; however, high doses (400 and 500 Gy) decreased these traits and increased the number of sterile plants. The effect of radiation doses was different on some traits between M1 and M2. The mutant population M2 displayed several promising mutant lines with desirable traits; early flowering (4-7 d earlier), short plant height (< 95 cm), panicle length (> 23 cm), tiller number per plant (> 25), and grain yield per plant (> 43 g). Conclusively, low gamma rays doses (inferior to 300 Gy) are of interest in generating desirable traits and promising lines. The current promising mutant lines should be further evaluated in multi-year trials to validate their behavior across various field conditions.

ABSTRACT Foundation: on average, three million cases of skin cancer have been generated globally in recent years. This situation occurs among other reasons due to constant exposure to solar radiation and non-application of photoprotection. Objective: determine parental experience in photoprotection during childhood. Method: an ethnographic study was carried out in the Educational Unit of the San Juan Parish of the Cantón Riobamba, Chimborazo Province, during the study period from October 2022 to October 2023. 14 interviews were carried out with preschool caregivers, who were chosen through of non-probabilistic sampling. Two information collection techniques were available: self-report and semi-structured interview. Results: each of the categories that emerged in the study were described according to the level of frequency: photounity, photoexperience-knowledge and photosanity. A representational map was constructed in which it was determined that the family itself represents photounity, through the participation of all its members in protecting themselves from the harmful effects of the sun. The umbrella that covers the family reflects the photo-experience-knowledge acquired by the caregivers, which act as protection from sun damage through preventive and care measures. The sun and its solar rays symbolize photosanity, which corresponds to exposure to sunlight and its harmful effects on health. Conclusions: the implementation of photoprotection measures from an early age is of vital importance for the prevention of skin cancer, so it is necessary to provide parents with adequate information about sun risks and preventive measure.

RESUMEN Fundamento: como promedio se han generan tres millones de casos de cáncer de piel a nivel global en los últimos años. Esta situación ocurre entre otras razones por la constante exposición a la radiación solar y la no aplicación de fotoprotección. Objetivo: determinar la experiencia parental en fotoprotección durante la infancia. Método: se realizó un estudio etnográfico en la Unidad Educativa de la Parroquia San Juan del Cantón Riobamba, Provincia Chimborazo, durante el período de estudio de octubre 2022 a octubre 2023. Se realizaron 14 entrevistas a cuidadores de preescolares, los que fueron escogidos a través del muestreo no probabilístico. Se dispuso de dos técnicas de recolección de la información: el autorreportaje y la entrevista semiestructurada. Resultados: se describieron cada una de las categorías que emergieron en el estudio según el nivel de frecuencia: fotounidad, fotoexperiencia-conocimiento y fotosanidad. Se construyó un mapa representacional en el cual se determinó que la familia en sí representa la fotounidad, mediante la participación de todos sus miembros en la protección de los efectos nocivos del sol. La sombrilla que cubre a la familia refleja la fotoexperiencia-conocimiento adquiridos por los cuidadores, que actúan como protección al daño solar mediante medidas preventivas y de cuidado. El sol y sus rayos solares simbolizan la fotosanidad, que corresponde a la exposición a rayos solares y sus efectos nocivos para la salud. Conclusiones: la implementación de medidas de fotoprotección desde edades tempranas resulta de vital importancia para la prevención del cáncer de piel, por lo que es necesario brindarles a los padres información adecuada sobre los riesgos solares y las medidas preventivas.

Abstract Vertebral compression fractures are one of the most frequent types of fractures in postmenopausal women. However, there are few studies on these fractures carried out directly on osteological material. Therefore, the objective of this article is to determine the prevalence of these fractures in a contemporary population through an osteological analysis. For this purpose, 39 skeletons belonging to the Lambre Collection (Faculty of Medical Sciences, National University of La Plata) were analyzed. The mean age was 56.1 years. For the diagnosis of fractures, the vertebrae were macroscopically inspected in search of changes in body height, and then a semiquantitative morphometric approximation was carried out. These results were related to the bone quality of the individuals estimated from X-rays of the calcaneus and femur. The results obtained from the morphometric analysis revealed four individuals with vertebral fractures, which comprised 10.25% of the sample. Two of the observed cases corresponded to males (11.1%), and the remaining two to females (9.52%), with a mean age at death of 68.5 years. The eight fractured vertebrae found correspond to the lower thoracic and upper lumbar segment, while no direct relationship was observed between the fractures and the bone quality of the affected individuals. The estimated prevalence could be affected by sample bias and the effect of resorptive drugs. The low dimorphic expression of the trait might be related to the physical activity performed by the male individuals in the population, while corroborating that bone quality is not the only determinant of an osteoporotic vertebral fracture. Rev Arg Antrop Biol 26(1), 070, 2024. https://doi.org/10.24215/18536387e070

Resumen Las fracturas vertebrales por compresión se encuentran entre las más frecuentes en mujeres postmenopáusicas. Sin embargo, son escasos los estudios sobre las mismas realizados de manera directa sobre el material esquelético. A partir de esto es que nos propusimos como objetivo determinar la prevalencia de estas fracturas en una población contemporánea a través del análisis osteológico. Fueron observados 39 esqueletos de la Colección Lambre (Argentina), con una media de edad de 56,1 años. Se relevaron macroscópicamente las vértebras en búsqueda de modificaciones de la altura del cuerpo, para luego realizar una aproximación morfométrica semicuantitativa. Estos resultados se relacionaron con la calidad ósea de los individuos estimada a partir de radiografías de calcáneo y fémur. Los resultados obtenidos evidenciaron cuatro individuos con fracturas vertebrales (10,25% de la muestra), correspondiendo dos al sexo masculino (11,1%) y dos al sexo femenino (9,52%), con una media de edad de muerte de 68,5 años. Las ocho vértebras fracturadas corresponden al segmento torácico inferior y lumbar superior, al tiempo que no se observó una relación directa entre las fracturas y la calidad ósea de los individuos. La prevalencia estimada podría estar afectada por sesgos muestrales y por el efecto de medicamentos resortivos. La baja expresión dimórfica del rasgo se relacionaría con la actividad laboral de los individuos masculinos de la población, a la vez que se corrobora que la calidad ósea no es el único determinante de una fractura vertebral osteoporótica. Rev Arg Antrop Biol 26(1), 070, 2024. https://doi.org/10.24215/18536387e070

RESUMEN Introducción: las lesiones resultantes de la interacción entre la enfermedad pulpar y la periodontal son conocidas como lesiones endoperiodontales. El diagnóstico y el tratamiento son complejos y el pronóstico es reservado y depende del diagnóstico oportuno y preciso. Información del paciente: paciente de 12 años de edad, con dolor pulsátil, aumento de volumen, fístula, antecedentes de tratamiento pulporadicular y traumatismo incisal de hace cuatro años en incisivo central superior izquierdo. La radiografía periapical informó una lesión que involucra los tercios medios apicales de los incisivos superiores izquierdos. Diagnóstico definitivo: proceso endoperiodontal combinado, una lesión endodóntica primaria con afección periodontal secundaria en incisivo central superior izquierdo y lesión periodontal primaria con afección endodóntica secundaria en incisivo lateral izquierdo. Conclusiones: se aplicó terapia láser, luego del tratamiento endodóntico y periodontal realizado. Se logró un resultado satisfactorio clínico-radiográfico.

ABSTRACT Introduction: lesions resulting from the interaction between pulp and periodontal disease are known as endoperiodontal lesions. Diagnosis and treatment are complex and prognosis is guarded and depends on timely and accurate diagnosis. Patient information: 12-year-old patient with throbbing pain, increased volume, fistula, history of pulpo-radicular treatment, and incisal trauma four years ago to the upper left central incisor. The periapical radiograph reported a lesion involving the apical middle thirds of the left upper incisors. Definitive diagnosis: combined endoperiodontal process, a primary endodontic lesion with secondary periodontal involvement in the upper left central incisor and primary periodontal lesion with secondary endodontic involvement in the left lateral incisor. Conclusions: laser therapy was applied after the endodontic and periodontal treatment carried out. A satisfactory clinical-radiographic result was achieved.