ABSTRACT: This study was to understand, evaluated and analyzed various issues related to durum wheat production. The population of the study consisted of durum wheat producers working in Ergani, Yenişehir, Bismil and Çınar districts of Diyarbakır province. The sample of the study was determined by using simple random sampling method among durum wheat producers operating in Ergani, Yenişehir, Bismil and Çınar districts of Diyarbakır province. In the study, the “sales kg” criterion was reported to be more important than the others. The “Eyyübi” variety was have the highest performance compared to other alternatives. It was also found that producers’ priorities in variety selection were resistance/tolerance of the variety to diseases and pests, market selling price and seed price. Türkiye stands out as an important durum wheat producing country. Secondly, the best performing product in Türkiye on the cost-benefit axis is Eyyübi This study was carried out with the financial support of TAGEM. It is declared that there is no conflict of interest. ABSTRACT understand production Ergani Yenişehir province sales kg others “Eyyübi alternatives resistancetolerance resistance tolerance pests country Secondly costbenefit cost benefit TAGEM interest

RESUMO: O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender, avaliar e analisar diversas questões relacionadas à produção de trigo duro. A população do estudo consistia em produtores de trigo duro que trabalhavam nos distritos de Ergani, Yenişehir, Bismil e Çınar, na província de Diyarbakır. A amostra do estudo foi determinada usando o método de amostragem aleatória simples entre produtores de trigo duro que operam nos distritos de Ergani, Yenişehir, Bismil e Çınar, na província de Diyarbakır. No estudo, o critério “quilo vendas” mostrou-se mais importante que os demais. A variedade “Eyyübi” apresentou o melhor desempenho em comparação com outras alternativas. Verificou-se também que as prioridades dos produtores na seleção das variedades eram a resistência/tolerância da variedade a doenças e pragas, o preço de venda no mercado e o preço da semente. A Turquia se destaca como um importante país produtor de trigo duro. Em segundo lugar, o produto com melhor desempenho na Turquia no eixo custo-benefício é o Eyyübi. RESUMO compreender Ergani Yenişehir Çınar Diyarbakır quilo vendas mostrouse mostrou demais Eyyübi “Eyyübi alternativas Verificouse Verificou resistênciatolerância resistência tolerância pragas semente lugar custobenefício custo benefício

Abstract Background: Smartphones provide immediate access to information, and nursing students consider them essential tools. However, the addiction to these devices is increasing. Objective: To identify smartphone addiction among nursing students. Methodology: A descriptive correlational study was conducted using the stratified random sampling method. The sample size was calculated based on a confidence level of 0.05, with 90% power, and a median effect size of 0.09. The study included 149 nursing students. Results: The component “Smartphone use, abuse, and addiction” correlated negatively with the component “Personality traits” (r s = -0.228; p = 0.005); the component “Smartphone use, abuse, and addiction” correlated positively with the component “Financial spending” (r s = 0.376; p = 0.001). Conclusion: Smartphone use is high. Understanding the extent of this phenomenon can aid in developing effective strategies to prevent smartphone addiction.

Resumen Marco contextual: Los teléfonos móviles inteligentes permiten acceder a información de manera inmediata. La adicción al uso de estos dispositivos es cada vez mayor, los teléfonos móviles inteligentes se han convertido en un elemento importante para los estudiantes de enfermería. Objetivo: Identificar la adicción al uso del teléfono móvil inteligente en estudiantes de enfermería. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo correlacional, el muestreo fue aleatorio, la muestra se calculó considerando un nivel de confianza de 0,05, una potencia de 90%, un tamaño de efecto mediano de 0,09, la muestra se conformó por 149 estudiantes de enfermería. Resultados: El componente de uso, abuso y adicción al teléfono móvil inteligente se relacionó negativamente con el componente rasgo de personalidad (r s = -0,228; p = 0,005), el uso, abuso y adicción al teléfono móvil inteligente se relacionó positivamente con el gasto monetario (r s = 0,376; p = 0,001). Conclusión: Se identificó que existe un alto uso de los teléfonos móviles inteligentes, comprender el alcance de dicho fenómeno puede ayudar a plantear estrategias eficaces para prevenir la adicción al teléfono móvil inteligente.

Resumo Enquadramento: Os telemóveis inteligentes estão permitem acesso imediato à informação. O vício no uso desses dispositivos é cada vez maior, os celulares inteligentes tornaram-se um elemento importante para os estudantes de enfermagem. Objetivo: Identificar a dependência do uso do smartphone em estudantes de enfermagem. Metodologia: Estudo correlacional descritivo, a amostragem foi aleatória, a amostra foi calculada considerando nível de confiança de 0,05, poder de 90%, tamanho de efeito médio de 0,09, a amostra foi composta por 149 estudantes de enfermagem. Resultados: O componente de uso, abuso e dependência de smartphone foi negativamente relacionado ao componente de traço de personalidade (r s = -0,228; p = 0,005), o uso, abuso e dependência de smartphone foi relacionado positivamente com gastos monetários (r s = 0,376; p = 0,001). Conclusão: Identificou-se que existe um alto uso de telefones móveis inteligentes, compreender a abrangência desse fenômeno pode ajudar a propor estratégias eficazes para prevenir o vício em celulares.

ABSTRACT This research aims to understand the impact of knowledge management and human resource management on innovation in textile industry companies in central-western Mexico. This is a qualitative, descriptive, correlational study with a non-experimental, cross-sectional design. The sample is simply random and is made up of 386 companies in the textile industry. A structured questionnaire was applied using a Likert-type scale with five ranges. The information analysis used the Structural Equation Model (SEMPLS). In the results, the analysis of the statistical parameters t - t-student and p-value confirm the statistical significance of the Path coefficients with 95% confidence. The results of the research coincide with some of the literature. This research fills a gap in the literature on the phenomenon studied.

RESUMEN El objetivo de esta investigación es, conocer el impacto de la gestión del conocimiento y la gestión del recurso humano en la innovación de las empresas de la industria textil de la zona centro occidente de México. Es un estudio cualitativo, descriptivo y correlacional, de diseño no experimental y corte transversal. La muestra es aleatorio simple y está conformada por 386 empresas de la industria textil. Se aplicó un cuestionario estructurado, con escala tipo Likert, con cinco rangos. El análisis de la información se utilizó el Modelo de Ecuaciones Estructurales (SEMPLS). En los resultados, el análisis de los parámetros estadísticos t- student y p-value confirman la significancia estadística de los coeficientes Path con un 95% de confianza. Los resultados de la investigación coinciden con alguna de la literatura. Esta investigación llena un vacío en la literatura, sobre el fenómeno estudiado.

Abstract The tendency to incur debt in the Mexican population increases financing costs and the probability of default. In this sense, this paper analyzes the impact of financial education, the value of money and materialism on indebtedness among university students in Baja California. The research is quantitative, non-probabilistic and cross-sectional, with a random sample of 333 subjects. The relationships between constructs were tested using partial least squares (PLS) models. The results show that five of the six proposed relationships are statistically significant: financial education and the value of money positively affect indebtedness. The model weakly explains indebtedness (0.238) and the value of money (0.147). This research contributes to the knowledge of indebtedness in young and adult university students by considering new factors that influence their decision to make purchases on credit that lead them to become indebted.

Resumen La tendencia a contraer deuda en la población mexicana incrementa los costos de financiamiento y la probabilidad de morosidad. Por ende, el presente trabajo analiza el impacto de la educación financiera, el valor del dinero y el materialismo sobre el endeudamiento en estudiantes universitarios de Baja California. Para ello, se diseñó una investigación cuantitativa, no probabilística y transversal, con una muestra aleatoria de 333 sujetos. Las relaciones entre los constructos se probaron utilizando modelos de mínimos cuadrados parciales (PLS). Los resultados muestran que cinco de las seis relaciones propuestas son estadísticamente significativas, por lo que la educación financiera y el valor del dinero afectan positivamente el endeudamiento. Además, el modelo explica de forma limitada el endeudamiento (0.238) y el valor del dinero (0.147). En conclusión, esta investigación contribuye al conocimiento del endeudamiento en jóvenes y adultos universitarios, ya que se consideraron nuevos factores que condicionan la decisión de ellos al momento de realizar compras a crédito.

Resumo A tendência da população mexicana de contrair dívidas aumenta os custos de financiamento e a probabilidade de incumprimento. Portanto, este trabalho analisa o impacto da educação financeira, do valor do dinheiro e do materialismo na dívida de estudantes universitários da Baixa Califórnia. Para tanto, foi desenhada uma pesquisa quantitativa, não probabilística e transversal, com amostra aleatória de 333 sujeitos. As relações entre os construtos foram testadas usando modelos de mínimos quadrados parciais (PLS). Os resultados mostram que cinco das seis relações propostas são estatisticamente significativas, portanto a educação financeira e o valor do dinheiro afetam positivamente a dívida. Além disso, o modelo explica de forma limitada a dívida (0,238) e o valor do dinheiro (0,147). Concluindo, esta investigação contribui para o conhecimento do endividamento em estudantes universitários e adultos, uma vez que foram considerados novos fatores que condicionam a sua decisão na realização de compras a crédito.

Abstract (Objective) The aim of this paper is to verify the factorial structure of the School Climate Scale in University Environments (ECEAU) through structural equation models (SEM). (Methodology) A non-experimental cross-sectional study was carried out with a random sample of 381 students of the Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica (UNA), to whom the ECEAU was applied. A SEM model was proposed to confirm the factor structure of the scale and an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to provide the basis for an alternative SEM model with a different structure. The reliability of scales was determined using McDonald’s omega, and the goodness of fit indexes used for the SEM models were the RMSEA, the CFI, the TLI and the GFI. The analysis was carried out using R software. (Results) The reliability of the scales in both models was adequate (w>0.70), although the metrics in the proposed model produced better results. The AFE suggested a different structure for the ECEAU, keeping some dimensions of the original structure and modifying and eliminating others. The goodness of fit indexes in both models were almost identical, with RMSEA=0.02, CFI=0.99, TLI=0.99 and GFI=0.98, which provides supporting evidence for the factorial structures proposed. (Conclusions) The original structure of the ECEAU was confirmed, while the differences in the results of the estimation and rotation methods generated another equally valid factorial structure for measuring the school climate construct in this university, and could be applied to other similar contexts.

Resumo (Objetivo) O objetivo do artigo é verificar a estrutura fatorial da Escala de Clima Escolar em Ambientes Universitários (ECEAU) usando modelagem de equações estruturais (SEM). (Metodologia) Foi realizado um estudo transversal não experimental com uma amostra aleatória de 381 alunos da Universidade Nacional da Costa Rica, aos quais foi aplicada a ECEAU. Uma modelagem SEM foi usada para verificar a estrutura fatorial da escala e uma análise fatorial exploratória (AFE) forneceu a base para a proposta de uma modelagem SEM alternativa com uma estrutura diferente. A confiabilidade das escalas foi determinada pelo ômega de McDonald e os critérios de adequação dos modelos SEM foram RMSEA, CFI, TLI e GFI. A análise foi realizada com o software R. (Resultados) A confiabilidade das escalas em ambos os modelos foi adequada (w >0,70), embora melhor no modelo proposto. A AFE sugeriu uma estrutura diferente para a ECEAU, mantendo algumas dimensões da estrutura original e modificando e eliminando outras. Os indicadores de adequação em ambos os modelos foram quase idênticos, com RMSEA=0,02, CFI=0,99, TLI=0,99 e GFI=0,98, o que fornece evidências a favor das estruturas de fatores propostas. (Conclusões) Confirmou-se a estrutura originalmente proposta no ECEAU e as diferenças nos métodos de estimativa e rotação geraram a proposta de outra estrutura fatorial, igualmente válida, para medir o construto clima escolar no contexto universitário estudado e que pode ser aplicada a contextos semelhantes.

Resumen (Objetivo) El objetivo del documento es verificar la estructura factorial de la Escala de Clima Escolar en Ambientes Universitarios (ECEAU) mediante modelos de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM). (Metodología) Se realizó un estudio transversal no experimental con una muestra aleatoria de 381 estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, a los que se le aplicó la ECEAU. Se planteó un modelo SEM para verificar la estructura factorial de la escala y un análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) que brindó la base para proponer un modelo SEM alternativo con una estructura distinta. La confiabilidad de las escalas se determinó mediante el omega de McDonald y los criterios de bondad de ajuste para los modelos SEM fueron el RMSEA, el CFI, el TLI y el GFI. El análisis se efectuó con el software R. (Resultados) La confiabilidad de las escalas en ambos modelos resultaron adecuadas (w >0.70), aunque mejores en el modelo propuesto. El AFE sugirió una estructura diferente para la ECEAU, manteniendo algunas dimensiones de la estructura original y modificando y eliminando otras. Los indicadores de bondad de ajuste, en ambos modelos, fueron casi idénticos con RMSEA=0.02, CFI=0.99, el TLI=0.99 y GFI=0.98, lo que brinda evidencia a favor de las estructuras factoriales planteadas. (Conclusiones) Se verifica la estructura originalmente planteada en la ECEAU y las diferencias en los métodos de estimación y rotación generaron la propuesta de otra estructura factorial, igualmente válida, para medir el constructo clima escolar, en el contexto universitario estudiado y que puede ser aplicado a contextos similares.

RESUMEN Introducción: La atención de la salud bucal de la embarazada es necesaria para garantizar la calidad del tránsito de la mujer por el período de gravidez, donde la influencia de algunos determinantes sociosanitarios modulan la aparición de la enfermedad. Las consecuencias relacionadas con estos determinantes corroboran la asociación entre la enfermedad periodontal, los nacimientos prematuros y el bajo peso al nacer. El objetivo consistió en caracterizar desde la perspectiva sociosanitaria a las gestantes con enfermedades periodontales para la prevención de partos pretérminos. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal con enfoque mixto. Con un universo de 135 pacientes y la muestra de 92 seleccionados mediante un muestreo aleatorio simple. El modelo de recogida del dato primario se confeccionó a través de la historia clínica de salud familiar del Programa Nacional de Estomatología. La investigación se efectuó en el período de enero de 2018 a julio de 2023. Resultados: En la caracterización sociosanitaria de las gestantes con enfermedad periodontal en el área de salud Ernesto Che Guevara de Santa Cruz del Sur predominó el segundo trimestre de gestación (60,7%), prevaleció la atención curativa de la enfermedad periodontal (65 %), la periodontitis resultó el factor de riesgo que más influyó (40,3%) y el estrés el factor psicosocial que más prevaleció (40,3%). Discusión: Se revisaron y compararon los resultados con otros estudios a nivel nacional y mundial,cuyo efecto sobre la temática estuvo a favor del logro de partos a términos a partir de la prevención de las enfermedades periodontales en las gestantes.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Oral health care for pregnant women is necessary to guarantee the quality of the woman's transition through the pregnancy period, where the influence of some socio-health determinants modulate the appearance of the disease. The consequences related to these determinants corroborate the association between periodontal disease, premature births and low birth weight. The objective was to characterize pregnant women with periodontal diseases from a socio-health perspective to prevent preterm births. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study with a mixed approach was carried out. With a universe of 135 patients and a sample of 92 selected through simple random sampling. The primary data collection model was created through the family health clinical history of the National Stomatology Program. The investigation was carried out in the period from january 2018 to july 2023. Results: In the socio-health characterization of pregnant women with periodontal disease in the Ernesto Che Guevara health area of Santa Cruz del Sur, the second trimester of pregnancy predominated (60.7 %), curative care for periodontal disease prevailed (65 %), periodontitis was the most influential risk factor (40.3 %) and stress was the most prevalent psychosocial factor (40.3 %). Discussion: The results were reviewed and compared with con studies at a national and global level, whose effect on the subject was in favor of achieving full-term births from the prevention of periodontal diseases in pregnant women.

It presents the methodological aspects of the design and organization of the study Food Commercialization in Brazilian Schools, which aimed to evaluate aspects related to the commercialization of food and beverages in private schools, based on information collected from school cafeteria managers and street vendors located in the immediate surroundings of the schools. A cross-sectional study was conducted in private elementary and high schools that had cafeterias, in the 26 Brazilian state capitals and the Federal District. Simple random sampling with inverse replacement was used, and in the end, 2,241 cafeterias and 700 street vendors were evaluated. The proportion of sample loss was 21.2%. The questionnaire was developed and reviewed by specialists, covering questions about: food and nutritional information, infrastructure for meals, convenience, price, availability, variety, and promotion. The logistics included a coordinating team that conducted training, managed and controlled data quality, local researchers, and a company that assisted with fieldwork. The data collection took place between 2022 and 2024. The main implementation challenges were its overlap with the 2022 election period, episodes of violence in schools, internal school policies, and the complexity of Brazil’s cultural diversity and vast territorial extension. The study’s strengths include the novelty of the data collected in terms of depth and representativeness, the use of the generated evidence to propose public policies for regulating the school food environment, and the support in building a network of researchers on the topic.

Se presentan los aspectos metodológicos de la concepción y organización del estudio Comercialización de Alimentos en Escuelas Brasileñas, cuyo objetivo fue evaluar aspectos relacionados con la comercialización de alimentos y bebidas en escuelas privadas, a partir de información recopilada de los gestores de cantinas escolares y vendedores ambulantes presentes en el entorno inmediato de las escuelas. Se realizó un estudio transversal en escuelas privadas de enseñanza primaria y secundaria que contaban con cantinas, en las 26 capitales brasileñas y en el Distrito Federal. Se empleó un muestreo aleatorio simple con reposición inversa, y al final se evaluaron 2.241 cantinas y 700 vendedores ambulantes. La proporción de pérdidas muestrales fue del 21,2%. El cuestionario fue desarrollado y evaluado por especialistas, abarcando cuestiones sobre: información alimentaria y nutricional, infraestructura para la alimentación, conveniencia, precio, disponibilidad, variedad y promoción. La logística contó con un equipo coordinador que llevó a cabo las capacitaciones, gestionó y controló la calidad de los datos, investigadores locales y una empresa que asistieron en el trabajo de campo. Las recolecciones de datos se llevaron a cabo entre 2022 y 2024. Las principales dificultades de implementación fueron su coincidencia con el período electoral de 2022, episodios de violencia en las escuelas, políticas internas de las escuelas y la complejidad de la diversidad cultural y la vasta extensión territorial brasileña. Como puntos fuertes se destacan la novedad de los datos recogidos en términos de profundidad y representatividad, el uso de la evidencia generada para proponer políticas públicas de regulación del entorno alimentario escolar y el apoyo en la construcción de una red de investigadores en la temática.

Apresenta os aspectos metodológicos da concepção e organização do estudo Comercialização de Alimentos em Escolas Brasileiras, que teve como objetivo avaliar aspectos relacionados à comercialização de alimentos e bebidas em escolas privadas, a partir de informações coletadas com gestores de cantinas escolares e ambulantes presentes no entorno imediato das escolas. Realizou-se um estudo transversal em escolas privadas, de ensino fundamental e médio que possuíam cantinas, nas 26 capitais brasileiras e no Distrito Federal. Foi empregada aleatória simples com reposição inversa, ao final, foram avaliadas 2.241 cantinas e 700 ambulantes. A proporção de perdas amostrais foi de 21,2%. O questionário foi desenvolvido e avaliado por especialistas contemplando questões sobre: informação alimentar e nutricional, infraestrutura para alimentação, conveniência, preço, disponibilidade, variedade e promoção. A logística contou com uma equipe coordenadora que conduziu os treinamentos, realizou a gestão e controle da qualidade dos dados, pesquisadores locais e uma empresa que auxiliaram no trabalho de campo. As coletas ocorreram entre 2022 e 2024. As principais dificuldades de implementação foram sua concomitância com o período eleitoral de 2022, episódios de violência nas  escolas, políticas internas das escolas e a complexidade da diversidade cultural e a vasta extensão territorial brasileira. Como pontos fortes destacam-se o ineditismo dos dados coletados em profundidade e representatividade, o uso das evidências geradas para proposição de políticas públicas de regulação do ambiente alimentar escolar e o apoio na construção de uma rede de pesquisadores na temática.

Abstract Introduction: Osteoporosis (OP) is the most frequent metabolic bone disease, associated with fragility fractures and increased morbimortality. Despite population aging, there has been a downward trend in the implementation of anti-osteoporotic therapy. Objectives: To determine the therapeutic inertia in OP in postmenopausal women in primary health care. Verify whether age, T-score, the FRAX value, and anti-osteoporotic therapeutic inertia are associated. Methods: Cross-sectional observational study. Inclusion criteria: women aged between 55 and 85 coded with OP (ICPC-2 - L95) or fractures (ICPC-2 - L72-76) in the list of problems. A simple random sample was selected. Therapeutic inertia was defined based on the Portuguese Society of Rheumatology recommendations. Results: A sample of 217 patients was obtained. Therapeutic inertia was found in 17.5% of women, which increased to 48.6% in those who suffered fractures (p<0.001). There was a statistically significant difference between the ages of patients with and without therapeutic inertia (77.5 vs 73.0, p<0.010). The median FRAX for major osteoporotic fracture (16.5 vs 9.65, p<0.001) and hip fracture (7.6 vs 3.3, p<0.001) was higher in the group with therapeutic inertia. The difference between T-score values for the lumbar spine (2.45 vs 2.71) and the femoral neck (2.07 vs 2.02) did not reach statistical significance (p=0.299). Conclusion: This study highlights the application of the most recent national guidelines regarding osteoporosis treatment in the studied health care unit, but underlines the need for broader intervention in osteoporosis-related fractures and at older ages.

Resumo Introdução: A osteoporose (OP) é a doença óssea metabólica mais frequente, associando-se a fraturas de fragilidade e aumento de morbimortalidade. Apesar do envelhecimento populacional tem-se verificado uma tendência decrescente na implementação de terapêutica antiosteoporótica. Objetivos: Determinar a inércia terapêutica na OP em mulheres pós-menopáusicas ao nível dos cuidados de saúde primários. Verificar se existe associação entre a idade dos utentes, o T-score e o valor de FRAX e a inércia terapêutica antiosteoporótica. Métodos: Estudo observacional transversal. Critérios de inclusão: mulheres com idades entre os 55 e os 85 anos codificadas com OP (ICPC-2 - L95) ou fraturas (ICPC-2 - L72-76) na lista de problemas. Foi selecionada uma amostra aleatória simples. A inércia terapêutica foi definida com base nas recomendações da Sociedade Portuguesa de Reumatologia. Resultados: Obteve-se uma amostra de 217 utentes. Apurou-se inércia terapêutica em 17,5% das mulheres, valor que aumenta para 48,6% nas que sofreram fraturas (p<0,001). As idades diferem de forma estatisticamente significativa entre os utentes com e sem inércia terapêutica (77,5 vs 73,0, p<0,010). A mediana do FRAX para fratura osteoporótica major (16,5 vs 9,65, p<0,001) e fratura da anca (7,6 vs 3,3, p<0,001) foi superior no grupo com inércia terapêutica. Os valores de T-score da coluna lombar (2,45 vs 2,71) e do colo do fémur (2,07 vs 2,02) não diferiram de forma estatisticamente significativa (p=0,299). Conclusão: Este estudo realça a aplicação da evidência mais atual ao nível do tratamento da OP na unidade estudada, mas salienta a necessidade de maior intervenção na OP fraturária e em idades mais avançadas.

Abstract Background and aims: Alcohol-attributable burdens of disease and social costs are a public health concern in Chile. Besides population-wide preventive policy, individual screening and brief counseling are effective ways to lower this burden. This study aims to estimate the national coverage and characteristics of healthcare provider-led alcohol quantity consumption screening (AQS) in Chile. Methods: The study included a random national household sample of 5,240 participants of the Chilean National Health Survey 2017. Estimates -in percentages with confidence intervals (CI)- were weighted by differences in selection probability and nonresponse rates. Logistic regressions were used to test differences between subgroups, adjusting by age, sex, area and region, adjusted for confounders. Results are shown as odds ratios (OR) with CI. Results: Last year, the national AQS prevalence was 30% (95% confidence interval (CI): 27.8-32.5), 31.6% (95% CI: 28.1-35.3), and 28.8% (95% CI: 25.7-31.9) for men and women respectively. The lowest prevalence was observed in 15 to 24 year old participants (25.1%, 95% CI: 19.8-31.1) and the highest (33%, 95% IC: 29.5-37.3) in the 45-64 year old population. Only age (odd rate (OR): 1.06, IC) and hepatotoxic drug use (OR: 1.45, IC) were associated to AQS in multivariable models. Conclusion: These results show that there are low rates of healthcare provider alcohol enquiry in the Chilean health system. Updated data and a more rigorous assessment of this subject are needed to aid in future public health policy design.

Resumen Antecedentes y objetivos: la carga de enfermedad y los costos asociados al consumo de alcohol son un problema de salud pública. Formas eficaces de combatir este problema son la detección individual y la consejería breve. El objetivo de este estudio es estimar y describir la cobertura nacional de consulta sobre consumo de alcohol (CCA) dirigida por profesionales de salud en Chile. Métodos: se incluyó una muestra nacional aleatoria de 5.240 participantes de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud de Chile 2017. Las estimaciones fueron ponderadas según diferencias en la probabilidad de selección y las tasas de falta de respuesta. Resultados expresados en porcentajes con intervalo de confianza (IC). Se realizaron regresiones logísticas univariadas por edad, sexo, zona y región, ajustadas por confundentes. Resultado expresado en odds ratio (OR) junto con IC. Resultados: la prevalencia nacional de CCA fue de 30% (IC 95 %: 27,8-32,5), y de 31,6 % (IC 95 %: 28,1-35,3) y 28,8 % (IC 95%: 25,7-31,9) para hombres y mujeres respectivamente. La prevalencia más baja fue en participantes de 15 a 24 años (25,1%, IC 95%: 19,8-31,1) y la más alta (33%, IC 95%: 29,5-37,3) en la población de 45 a 64 años. En los modelos de regresión, la edad (OR: 1,06; IC 95% 1,00-1,11, por diez años de aumento en la edad) y el uso de drogas hepatotóxicas (OR: 1,45; IC 95%: 1,10-1,90), fueron las únicas variables que se asociaron significativamente con mayor CCA. Conclusión: este estudio encontró bajos porcentajes de CCA en Chile. Hace falta estudiar a mayor profundidad esta problemática para la mejoría o generación de nuevas políticas.

Resumen Durante las últimas décadas en Puno, Perú, la problemática de la contaminación se fue agudizando por la acción combinada del crecimiento desordenado de la población urbana, gestión deficiente de residuos sólidos, descarga de aguas servidas sin tratamiento en la bahía del lago Titicaca y prácticas de sanidad e higiene inadecuadas; situaciones que afectan severamente el ambiente y la salud humana. El objetivo del estudio fue caracterizar las actitudes y comportamientos proambientales de la población de la ciudad de Puno en relación al saneamiento, la contaminación y la gestión ambiental. La investigación es no experimental, cuantitativa, trans¬versal, descriptiva, correlacional y nivel de análisis micro. El universo de estudio fue la población mayor de 18 años del área urbana, que comprende 97.264 habitantes; la muestra, deter¬minada al azar simple, fue de 382 personas. Se aplicó un cuestionario estructurado. El análisis descriptivo, inferencial y prueba de hipótesis se realizó con el software estadístico SPSS. Los resultados señalan que las actitudes ambientales de la mayoría de la población son positivas respecto a factores y fuentes de contaminación y efectos en la salud humana; contrariamente, las prácticas ambientales son inadecuadas en gestión ambiental en el hogar y condiciones de sanidad e higiene en la vivienda. Se concluye, que la mejora sostenible de actitudes y comportamientos proambientales, demanda de una nueva política pública de educación ambiental, cuya implementación incorpore la participación efectiva de la sociedad civil con base a un sistema de incentivos.

Abstract During the last decades in Puno, Peru, the problem of contamination has worsened due to the combined action of the disorderly growth of the urban population, poor management of solid waste, discharge of untreated sewage into the bay of Lake Titicaca and practices of inadequate sanitation and hygiene, severely affecting the environment and human health. The objective of the study was to characterize the pro-environmental attitudes and behaviors of the city’s population of Puno in relation to sanitation, pollution and environmental management. The research is nonexperimental, quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive, correlational and micro level of analysis. The universe of study was the population over 18 years of age in the urban area, which comprises 97,264 inhabitants; the sample, determined at simple random, was 382 people. A structured questionnaire was applied. Descriptive and inferential analysis and hypothesis testing were performed with SPSS statistical software. The results indicate that the environmental attitudes of the majority of the population are positive regarding factors and sources of pollution and effects on human health. On the contrary, environmental practices are inadequate in environmental management in the home and health and hygiene conditions in the home. It is concluded that the sustainable improvement of pro-environmental attitudes and behaviors demands a new public policy of environmental education, whose implementation incorporates the effective participation of civil society based on an incentive system.

With the study reported on here we aimed to determine and compare teacher perceptions of the concept of virtual reality between Turkish and South African teachers using metaphors. We adopted a phenomenological approach, and a questionnaire was administered to a total of 100 teachers in both countries, using random sampling. The study included 4 schools - 2 secondary schools selected from each country. The data obtained were analysed and categorised into themes using the metaphor mismatch technique. The following themes were identified and interpreted, learning, entertainment, technology, art, travel, and imagination. Teachers presented metaphors based on relevance to their area of practice and perceived potential use of virtual reality in teaching and learning. Based on the number of metaphors identified, teachers held a narrow perception in the categories, entertainment, technology, and travel, while more metaphors, with varied sample explanation responses were identified in the categories of learning, art, and imagination. The findings of this study can be used to develop a user road map for teacher professional development and to inform policy on the use of virtual reality in teaching and learning.

RESUMEN Introducción: Los procesos de extracción de minerales y actividades afines a la minería implican la exposición a altos niveles de ruido lo cual puede generar un deterioro en la capacidad auditiva, esta situación representa tambien un problema para los trabajadores de las empresas contratistas de las mineras que debe ser tratado. Objetivo: Determinar el grado de pérdida auditiva en el personal que trabaja en empresas contratistas de mineras peruanas 2018 al 2019. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal, en una muestra de 213 trabajadores de las empresas contratistas mineras que fueron evaluados con la ficha de audiometría en el periodo 2018 al 2019, los trabajadores fueron seleccionados a partir de un muestreo al azar. Se incluyeron pacientes con estudio de audiometría que estuvieron laborando en cualquiera de las empresas contratistas mineras. Se excluyeron del estudio a los trabajadores con sordera previa al ingreso laboral y a los que tuvieron infección en proceso en algún oído. Resultados: Se reportó que de los trabajadores con hipoacusia probable inducida por el ruido un 23,5 % son varones; un 79,2 % tienen edad entre 30 a 50 años; el 71,7 % son mantenedores y operarios; el 73 % pertenecen a los rubros empresariales de construcción, servicios mineros y mantenimiento; el 62,2 % tuvieron en promedio 4 a 5 horas de exposición por jornada; el 51 % tuvieron experiencia laboral de 11 a 20 años y el 75,5 % declaró usar protección auditiva. Conclusiones: Un 84 % presentó audiometría alterada y el 24,9 % hipoacusia neurosensorial (probable inducida por ruido).

ABSTRACT Introduction: The processes of mineral extraction and related mining activities involve exposure to high noise levels which can generate deterioration in hearing capacity; this situation represents a problem that must be treated. Objective: Determine the degree of hearing loss in personnel working in Peruvian mining contractor companies from 2018 to 2019. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out, in a sample of 213 workers from the mining contractor companies who were evaluated with the audiometry sheet in the period 2018 to 2019, the workers were selected from a random sample. Patients with an audiometry study who worked for one of the mining contractor companies were included. Workers with deafness prior to work entry and those with an ongoing infection in any ear were excluded from the study. Results: It was reported that 23.5% of the workers with probable noise-induced hearing loss were male; 79.2% were between 30 and 50 years of age; 71.7% were maintenance workers and operators; 73% belonged to the construction, mining services and maintenance sectors; 62.2% had an average of 4 to 5 hours of exposure per day; 51% had work experience of 11 to 20 years and 75.5% reported using hearing protection. Conclusions: 84% presented altered audiometry and 24.9% presented sensorineural hearing loss (probably induced by noise).

ABSTRACT The Yunguyo coastline has been subject to a growing process of severe contamination as a result of anthropic action. The study analyzes the pro-environmental concerns and behaviors of the Yunguyo population regarding environmental management, coastal pollution and effects on human health. The research design is non-experimental, transversal; the approach is quantitative, of a descriptive and correlational nature, level of micro analysis and socio-environmental dimension. The study population comprises 17,343 people over 18 years of age; the sample determined at simple random was 332 heads of family. The data collection technique is the survey through a structured questionnaire. Results: The environmental concerns of the majority of the population are positive regarding sanitation, sources of contamination of the coastal coastline and negative effects on human health. The pro-environmental behaviors of the majority of the urban population of Yunguyo are adequate in environmental management, sanitation and hygiene conditions at home, and access to public social services. Conclusion: There is a relationship between concerns and pro-environmental behaviors of the population regarding environmental management and contamination of the coastal coastline.

RESUMEN El litoral costero de Yunguyo viene siendo objeto de un proceso creciente de contaminación severa producto de la acción antrópica. El estudio analiza las preocupaciones y comportamientos proambientales de la población de Yunguyo sobre gestión ambiental, contaminación del litoral costero y efectos en la salud humana. El diseño de investigación es no experimental, transversal; el enfoque es cuantitativo, de carácter descriptivo y correlacional, nivel de análisis micro y dimensión socioambiental. La población del estudio comprende 17 343 personas mayores de 18 años; la muestra determinada al azar simple fue de 332 jefes de familia. La técnica de recolección de datos es la encuesta a través de un cuestionario estructurado. Resultados: Las preocupaciones ambientales de la mayoría de la población son positivas respecto a saneamiento, fuentes de contaminación del litoral costero y efectos negativos en la salud humana. Los comportamientos proambientales de la mayoría de la población urbana de Yunguyo son adecuados en gestión ambiental, condiciones de sanidad e higiene en el hogar y acceso a servicios sociales públicos. Conclusión: Existe relación entre preocupaciones y comportamientos proambientales de la población respecto a gestión ambiental y contaminación del litoral costero.

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the relationship between the level of quality of life and the level of overload in family caregivers. Method: Descriptive-correlational design, the sampling was simple random probabilistic and the sample of 100 primary caregivers. Results: The average age was 46.65 (DE= 14,050), 70% are female, with an average of 7.52 hours per day dedicated to care (DE= 6,820). 75% of the participants did not present it. Likewise, there are negative and significant correlations between overload and physical well-being (r= -.337; p <.001), psychological well-being (r= -.388; p <.001), social well-being (r= - .287; p <.001) and spiritual well-being (r= -.246; p= .014). Conclusion: The overload in family caregivers is related to the quality of life in the study participants.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre el nivel de calidad de vida y el nivel de sobrecarga en cuidadores familiares. Método: Diseño descriptivo-correlacional, el muestreo fue probabilístico aleatorio simple y la muestra de 100 cuidadores primarios. Resultados: La media de edad fue 46.65 (DE= 14.050), 70 % eran del sexo femenino, con una media de horas al día dedicadas al cuidado de 7.52 horas (DE = 6.820). El 75% de los participantes no presentó sobrecarga. Así mismo, se encontraron correlaciones negativas y significativas entre la sobrecarga y el bienestar físico (r= -.337; p <.001), el bienestar psicológico (r= -.388; p <.001), el bienestar social (r= -.287; p <.001) y bienestar espiritual (r= -.246; p= .014). Conclusión: La sobrecarga en cuidadores familiares se relaciona con la calidad de vida en los participantes del estudio.

ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to determine the relationship that exists between service quality and customer satisfaction in the subtransmission networks of the province of Santiago de Cuba in the year 2023; The research becomes important and it is necessary to allow to know the worrying aspects of the quality of service and customers satisfaction in the networks analized. The study is descriptive, correlational with a quantitative approach, the design was non-experimental, cross-sectional, by a survey; The population studied was made up of an estimated 362,749 customers and finally a random sample of 1,486 clients was obtained. According to the results, it-is has founded evidence that there is a significant and direct relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction, although the same does not occur in clients that are more distant or have a lower quality threshold.

RESUMEN Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la relación existente entre la calidad de servicio y la satisfacción del cliente en las redes de subtransmisión de la provincia de Santiago de Cuba en el año 2023; la investigación toma importancia y se hace necesaria dado que permite conocer los aspectos concernientes a la calidad de servicio y la satisfacción del contribuyente en las redes analizadas. El estudio es descriptivo, correlacional, con enfoque cuantitativo, el diseño fue no experimental, transversal, por medio de encuesta; la población estudiada estuvo constituida por un aproximado de 362,749 contribuyentes y una muestra aleatoria de 1,486 clientes, de acuerdo con los resultados se ha encontrado evidencia acerca de la existencia de una relación significativa y directa entre la calidad de servicio y la satisfacción del cliente, a pesar de que no ocurre lo mismo en los clientes más alejados o con menor umbral de calidad.