Adopting Artificial Intelligence for IT Operations (AIOps) holds transformative potential within Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in developing countries. This systematic literature review delves into the benefits, challenges, and emerging trends associated with AIOps integration in this context. The review encompasses studies published between 2013 and 2023, focusing on the academic, administrative, and operational dimensions of AIOps adoption. The synthesis of 12 selected studies reveals a landscape where AIOps augments pedagogical strategies, automates administrative tasks, and enhances institutional decision-making. Academic benefits manifest through personalised learning experiences, innovative pedagogical approaches, and predictive analytics for student success. However, the integration of AIOps is full of challenges. Technical hurdles encompass data quality and availability, compatibility, and resource constraints, requiring comprehensive technological foundations. Organisational and cultural challenges necessitate strategies to mitigate change resistance, provide staff training, and address ethical considerations. The review identifies emerging patterns such as collaborative learning environments, data-driven institutional management, and the moral integration of AI in education. The interplay of benefits and challenges underscores the importance of a holistic approach involving educators, technologists, administrators, and policymakers. The findings illuminate the potential for HEIs to harness AIOps's capabilities while navigating intricacies to foster an AI-enhanced educational landscape. The implications for HEIs encompass strategic investment in infrastructure, comprehensive staff training, and ethical frameworks for AI use. The article concludes by advocating for an adaptive approach to AIOps adoption, informed by the synthesis of benefits, challenges, and emerging trends, to shape the future of education in developing countries.

Abstract Purpose: to examine the relationship between talent management and job performance among administrative support staff, with the aim of proposing improvements for the Directorate of School Services at Juarez University. By means of an adequate management of human talent to assess work performance to stablish efficiency standards for staff. Methodology: The design of this research is non-experimental with a quantitative approach, involving correlation analysis, descriptive methods, and a cross-sectional design. Data was collected through a questionnaire. Findings: There is a moderate positive linear correlation (Spearman's Rho: 0.426) between an improved management of human talent and a better job performance. According to the perception of workers, selection of personnel and job training are crucial to attain better work performance and achieve goals efficiently. Implications: To provide quality service and achieve high performance standards, organizations must improve personnel preparation and training. Additionally, it is crucial to count on a transformative leadership to create a strong organizational culture. Originality: This study highlights the relevance of human talent management to improve job performance.

Resumen Propósito: Analizar la relación de la gestión del talento humano y desempeño laboral del personal administrativo de la Dirección de Servicios Escolares de la Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, a través de una medición del desempeño laboral y los resultados de eficiencia en el trabajo. Metodología: El diseño es no experimental con un enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo correlacional, descriptivo y transversal. Como técnica de recolección de datos se utilizó la encuesta y como instrumento un cuestionario. Resultados: De acuerdo con las variables gestión del talento humano y desempeño laboral según los colaboradores, existe una aceptable relación pues a mejor gestión del talento humano mejora el desempeño laboral, concluyendo que existe una correlación lineal positiva media (Rho de Spearman: 0.426). Las medias, según la percepción de los trabajadores, hacen referencia a la selección del personal y capacitación laboral como esenciales para lograr un mejor rendimiento y alcanzar los objetivos de manera eficiente como efectiva. Implicaciones: Los hallazgos permiten tener una perspectiva sobre la importancia de brindar un servicio de calidad, así como un buen desempeño por parte de la institución. En tanto, es crucial mejorar la preparación y capacitación del personal, así como la participación de un liderazgo transformador que permita generar una cultura organizacional. Originalidad: Este estudio releva el valor de la gestión del talento humano y su efecto en el desempeño laboral.

RESUMEN El presente estudio analiza el impacto del silencio administrativo en los procesos académicos universitarios y sus implicaciones para la gobernanza institucional. Se plantea como objetivo identificar y priorizar los factores que contribuyen a este fenómeno mediante el Método de Proceso Analítico Jerárquico. Utilizando un enfoque mixto, se realizaron entrevistas semi-estructuradas a expertos en gestión universitaria y se llevó a cabo un análisis documental de normativas. Los resultados revelan que los retrasos en la administración afectan negativamente la calidad educativa, la motivación de estudiantes y docentes, y la planificación institucional. La falta de personal capacitado y la sobrecarga de trabajo administrativo se destacan como causas principales de la ineficacia en las respuestas, lo que genera desconfianza en la comunidad académica y evidencia debilidades en la gobernanza. Se identificaron los factores organizativos y tecnológicos como los más críticos, con la coordinación interdepartamental y la falta de plataformas digitales eficientes como obstáculos significativos. La mejora de la gobernanza universitaria requiere la modernización de sistemas administrativos, la simplificación de procesos y el fortalecimiento de la comunicación interna. Estas acciones permitirán reducir el impacto del silencio administrativo y asegurar una gestión más efectiva y transparente en las instituciones de educación superior.

ABSTRACT The present study analyzes the impact of administrative silence on university academic processes and its implications for institutional governance. The objective is to identify and prioritize the factors contributing to this phenomenon using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Employing a mixed-methods approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with experts in university management, and a documentary analysis of regulations was carried out. The results reveal that delays in administration negatively affect educational quality, the motivation of students and faculty, and institutional planning. The lack of qualified personnel and the overload of administrative work are highlighted as primary causes of inefficacy in responses, generating distrust in the academic community and evidencing weaknesses in governance. Organizational and technological factors were identified as the most critical, with interdepartmental coordination and the lack of efficient digital platforms as significant obstacles. Improving university governance requires the modernization of administrative systems, simplification of processes, and strengthening of internal communication. These actions will help reduce the impact of administrative silence and ensure more effective and transparent management in higher education institutions.

Abstract In a highly competitive educational environment, soft skills management becomes essential for the success of private educational institutions. From a methodological approach, this study was approached as a literature review through content analysis, using search engines such as Redalyc, SciELO, Dialnet and Google Scholar, and keywords such as soft skills, business management, educational institutions and private sector were used. The inclusion criteria included studies written in Spanish or English, that addressed at least one of the research descriptors and that were in a time range no longer than 8 years after publication, which allowed a total of 21 articles to be discriminated for subsequent review. The analysis of the texts made it possible to identify three categories of analysis: Role of soft skills in private educational business management, Leadership with Soft Skills in Private Educational Management and Balance between Academic Quality and Financial Sustainability in Private Institutions, which led to the conclusion that soft skills play a fundamental role in promoting effective relationships with students, teachers, parents and administrative staff. Effective communication, empathy and conflict resolution, among other skills, are essential to create a positive and productive educational environment.

Resumen En un entorno educativo altamente competitivo, la gestión de habilidades blandas se vuelve esencial para el éxito de las instituciones educativas privadas. Desde un enfoque metodológico, el estudio hizo una revisión bibliográfica a través del análisis de contenido utilizando motores de búsqueda como Redalyc, SciELO, Dialnet y Google Scholar. Se emplearon palabras clave como habilidades blandas, gestión empresarial, instituciones educativas y sector privado. Los criterios de inclusión comprendieron estudios en español o inglés, que abordaran al menos uno de los descriptores de investigación y que tuvieran un rango temporal de publicación no mayor a 8 años. Esto permitió discriminar un total de 21 artículos. El análisis de los textos posibilitó la identificación de tres categorías de análisis Rol de las habilidades blandas en la gestión empresarial educativa privada, Liderazgo con Habilidades Blandas en la Gestión Educativa Privada y Equilibrio entre Calidad Académica y Sostenibilidad Financiera en Instituciones Privadas. Estas llevaron a concluir que las habilidades blandas desempeñan un papel fundamental en la promoción de relaciones efectivas con estudiantes, docentes, padres y personal administrativo. La comunicación efectiva, la empatía y la resolución de conflictos, entre otras habilidades, se mostraron indispensables para crear un entorno educativo positivo y productivo.

Resumen La modernización de la gestión pública se refiere al proceso de transformación y actualización de las estructuras, procesos y prácticas administrativas con el objetivo de mejorar la eficiencia, eficacia y transparencia en la prestación de servicios educativos. El objetivo principal de la investigación es determinar la relación que existe entre la modernización de la gestión pública con la calidad del servicio, además se busca evaluar la correlación entre las dimensiones: eficiencia del aparato público, servicio a la ciudadanía, y descentralización. con la variable calidad de servicio. El método utilizado fue cuantitativo, de naturaleza básica y nivel correlacional, con un método general y científico, diseño de investigación no experimental de tipo transversal; la muestra estuvo constituida por 361 estudiantes de pre y posgrado. Para la recopilación de datos, se utilizó la técnica de la encuesta y se aplicó un cuestionario como instrumento. Los resultados reflejaron un coeficiente de correlación de Rho de Spearman de 0.601, con un p-valor de 0.000< 0.05. En consecuencia, se concluye que existe una relación positiva considerable entre la Modernización de la gestión pública y calidad de servicio en la universidad analizada.

Abstract The modernization of public management refers to the process of transformation and updating of structures, processes and administrative practices with the objective of improving efficiency, effectiveness and transparency in the provision of educational services. The main objective of the research is to determine the relationship between the modernization of public management and the quality of service, and to evaluate the correlation between the dimensions: efficiency of the public apparatus, citizen service, and decentralization, with the quality of service variable. The method used was quantitative, of basic nature and correlational level, with a general and scientific method, non-experimental research design of transversal type; the sample consisted of 361 undergraduate and graduate students. For data collection, the survey technique was used and a questionnaire was applied as an instrument. The results reflected a Spearman's Rho correlation coefficient of 0.601, with a p-value of 0.000< 0.05. Consequently, it is concluded that there is a considerable positive relationship between Modernization of public management and quality of service in the analyzed university.

Resumo A reforma dos cuidados de saúde primários (CSP) em Portugal, iniciada em 2007 com a criação das Unidades de Saúde Familiar (USF) e dos Agrupamentos de Centros de Saúde (ACeS), representou um marco na reestruturação do Serviço Nacional de Saúde (SNS). Contudo, a implementação das Unidades Locais de Saúde (ULS), em 2024, apresenta desafios e incertezas que requerem uma abordagem baseada em evidências. Uma análise das expectativas dos profissionais de saúde evidenciou preocupações como a limitação da autonomia das USF e a distribuição desigual de investimentos entre os cuidados primários e secundários, sublinhando a necessidade de um diálogo transparente no processo de reforma do SNS. A falta de envolvimento dos profissionais de saúde nas decisões sobre as ULS, sem uma abordagem bottom-up, compromete a aceitação e a eficácia do modelo. A representação adequada dos médicos de família nos pontos de decisão dos CSP é essencial para assegurar a concretização das suas competências de gestão. A legislação sobre a nomeação dos diretores clínicos nas ULS e a perda de autonomia dos CSP são desafios que exigem medidas proativas para salvaguardar a eficácia destas unidades. A tendência para replicar modelos de gestão hospitalar, sem considerar as especificidades dos CSP, e a perda de liderança no Plano de Recuperação e Resiliência (PRR) comprometem a cultura organizacional e o desempenho dos CSP. Para garantir a eficácia e a qualidade dos CSP nas ULS é essencial envolver os profissionais, fortalecer a direção clínica e proteger a integridade e autonomia das equipas de saúde familiar. A criação dos ACeS, I.P., surge como uma alternativa viável, conferindo autonomia administrativa e promovendo a eficiência dos CSP. Estas ações devem ser orientadas por uma abordagem participativa e um compromisso com a melhoria contínua do SNS e o bem-estar dos cidadãos portugueses.

Abstract The reform of primary healthcare (PHC) in Portugal, initiated in 2007 with the creation of Family Health Units (FHU) and Health Center Groups (ACeS), marked a significant turning point in restructuring the National Health Service (NHS). However, implementing Local Health Units (LHU) in 2024 poses challenges and uncertainties that require a well-founded, evidence-based approach. An analysis of healthcare professionals’ expectations revealed concerns such as the limited autonomy of FHUs and the unequal distribution of investments between primary and secondary care, emphasizing the need for transparent, participatory dialogue in NHS reforms. The exclusion of healthcare professionals from LHU-related decision-making and the absence of bottom-up planning undermines the acceptance and efficacy of the model. Furthermore, threats to the clinical leadership of PHC, including legislation on the appointment of clinical directors and loss of autonomy, are critical issues that necessitate proactive measures to preserve the integrity and effectiveness of these units. Organizational challenges, such as the replication of hospital-centric management models that fail to address the specificities of PHC and a diminished leadership role in executing the Recovery and Resilience Plan, further jeopardize the organizational culture and performance of PHC. To secure the effectiveness and quality of PHC within LHU, it is crucial to implement strategies that engage professionals, bolster clinical leadership, and protect the autonomy of family health teams. The establishment of ACeS, I.P., offers a viable alternative by granting administrative independence and enhancing efficiency in PHC delivery. All these efforts must be driven by a unified commitment and collaborative strategy aimed at the ongoing improvement of the NHS and the well-being of the Portuguese population.

Abstract Law 21.040 of 2017 creates the Public Education System in Chile, formed by the Ministry of Education, the Directorate of Public Education, and the Local Public Education Services. The latter replace the management and responsibility that the municipalities and educational establishments were in charge of, constituting public bodies specialized in educational management, functionally and territorially decentralized, with their own professionalized staff, legal personality and their own assets. The objective is to understand how school principals have experienced and managed the de-municipalization and transfer to Local Services, what tensions and challenges they face. A mixed quali-quantitative study is proposed, with a sequential explanatory design, application of surveys and interviews to school principals belonging to Local Services. The results show that the principals are consistent in stating as main tension the administrative management, referred to the timely availability of resources, the approaches and regulations of school coexistence, the involvement of the Local Services with the schools and the monitoring of teaching and learning. We conclude that the challenges are the installation of specialized capacities and conditions in schools and SLEPs, in order to advance towards a real quality of Chilean education.

Resumen La Ley 21.040 de 2017 crea el Sistema de Educación Pública en Chile, conformado por el Ministerio de Educación, la Dirección de Educación Pública y los Servicios Locales de Educación Pública. Estos últimos reemplazan la gestión y responsabilidad que tenían a cargo las municipalidades y los establecimientos educacionales, constituyendo organismos públicos especializados en la gestión educacional, descentralizados funcional y territorialmente, con planta propia de personal profesionalizado, personalidad jurídica y patrimonio propio. Como objetivo se plantea comprender cómo los directores de centros escolares han vivido y gestionado la desmunicipalización y traspaso a los Servicios Locales, qué tensiones y desafíos abordan. Para ello, se propone un estudio mixto cuali-cuanti, con diseño secuencial explicatorio, aplicación de encuestas y entrevistas a directores/ as de establecimientos pertenecientes a los Servicios Locales. Los resultados evidencian que los/as directores/as son consistentes en manifestar como principal tensión la gestión administrativa, referida a la disposición oportuna de recursos (63%), el involucramiento de los Servicios Locales con las escuelas (58%), los planteamientos y regulaciones de la convivencia escolar (42%) y el monitoreo de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje (41%). Se concluye como desafíos la instalación de capacidades y condiciones especializadas en las escuelas y en los SLEP para avanzar hacia una real calidad de la educación chilena.

Abstract Internationally, the role of the intermediate level in the management of school coexistence has been scarcely studied. In Chile, studies have shown an incipient management and lack of working conditions that favor its development. This study aimed to characterize the management of school coexistence at the intermediate level in two aspects highlighted by the literature: quality and quantity of human resources and roles and functions in school coexistence. The research was descriptive and inferential. A total of 678 middle-level managers from five administrative units participated. The results show that the characteristics in the quality and quantity of human resources differ according to the type of unit. However, the functions and actions implemented in school coexistence tend to be similar. The inequity conditions in which they perform their functions and the effect of accountability policies on their management are discussed.

Resumen A nivel internacional el rol del nivel intermedio en la gestión de la convivencia escolar ha sido escasamente estudiado. En Chile, los estudios han expuesto una gestión incipiente y desprovista de condiciones laborales que favorezcan su desarrollo. Este estudio se propuso caracterizar la gestión de la convivencia escolar a nivel intermedio en dos aspectos relevados por la literatura: cualidad y cantidad del recurso humano y, roles y funciones en convivencia escolar. La investigación fue descriptiva e inferencial. Participaron 678 encargados del nivel intermedio de cinco dependencias administrativas. Los resultados muestran que las características en la calidad y cantidad del recurso humano difieren según el tipo de dependencia. Sin embargo, las funciones y acciones implementadas en convivencia escolar tienden a ser similares. Se discuten las condiciones de inequidad en las que desempeñan sus funciones y el efecto de las políticas de accountability sobre su gestión.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de relación existente entre la gestión pública y los conflictos sociales ocurridos en el Estado peruano durante el período 2021-2023. Métodos: El estudio adoptó un enfoque cuantitativo, de nivel relacional, con un diseño no experimental y de naturaleza aplicada. Se utilizó la revisión documental de reportes emitidos por la Defensoría del Pueblo y del Consejo Privado de Competitividad entre 2021 y 2023. Para evaluar la relación significativa e inversa entre el índice regional de gestión pública y los niveles de conflictos sociales registrados durante los 36 meses analizados, se empleó el coeficiente Rho de Spearman. Resultados: Existe una relación inversa significativa entre la gestión pública y los niveles de conflictos sociales. Esta relación fue más evidente en regiones alejadas, donde el bajo desempeño de la gestión pública regional generó un valor público limitado en cuatro pilares fundamentales: acceso a servicios públicos, educación, salud e institucionalidad. Conclusión: Un desempeño deficiente en la gestión de políticas públicas relacionadas con los cuatro pilares fundamentales intensifica la proliferación de conflictos sociales, especialmente en las regiones alejadas de la capital del país. Esto se debe a la limitada atención estatal hacia el desarrollo sostenible y descentralizado en dichas áreas.

RESUMO Objetivo: Determinar o nível de relação entre a gestão pública e os conflitos sociais no Estado peruano durante o período de 2021-2023. Métodos: O estudo adotou uma abordagem quantitativa e relacional, com um desenho não experimental e aplicado. Foi realizada uma revisão documental dos relatórios emitidos pela Ouvidoria e pelo Conselho de Competitividade Privada entre 2021 e 2023. O coeficiente Rho de Spearman foi utilizado para avaliar a relação inversa significativa entre o Índice de Gestão Pública Regional e os níveis de conflitos sociais registados durante os 36 meses analisados. Resultados: Há uma relação inversa significativa entre a gestão pública e os níveis de conflito social. Essa relação foi mais evidente em regiões remotas, onde o desempenho ruim da governança regional gerou valor público limitado em quatro pilares principais: acesso a serviços públicos, educação, saúde e instituições. Conclusão: O baixo desempenho na gestão de políticas públicas relacionadas aos quatro pilares fundamentais intensifica a proliferação de conflitos sociais, especialmente em regiões distantes da capital do país. Isso se deve à pouca atenção do Estado ao desenvolvimento sustentável e descentralizado nessas áreas.

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the relationship between public management and social conflicts that arise in the Peruvian State during the period 2021-2023. Methods: The study adopted a quantitative approach at a relational level, with a non-experimental design and an applied nature. A documentary review of reports issued by the Ombudsman's Office and the Private Competitiveness Council between 2021 and 2023 was conducted. Spearman's Rho coefficient was used to evaluate the significant and inverse relationship between the Regional Public Management Index and the levels of social conflicts recorded during the 36 months analyzed. Results: A significant inverse relationship was found between the quality of public management and the levels of social conflicts. This relationship was more evident in remote regions, where poor performance in regional public management led to limited public value across four fundamental pillars: access to public services, education, health and institutional capacity. Conclusion: Poor performance in managing public policies related to the four fundamental pillars intensifies the proliferation of social conflicts, particularly in regions far from the country's capital. This is attributed to limited state attention to sustainable and decentralized development in these areas.

Abstract: The Costa Rican educational system has seen an increase in the number of educational options for secondary education; however, there is a lack of clarity regarding the different offerings and modalities available. For this paper, we interviewed school principals, educational circuit supervisors, and administrative personnel from the central offices of the Costa Rican Ministry of Public Education (MEP) to answer the following research questions What are the criteria used to change or introduce educational modalities and offerings in secondary education in Costa Rica? What are the administrative and curricular management processes to approve the introduction or modification of modalities and offerings? And finally, how can we describe the process to introduce changes or new modalities or offerings in the MEP? This study used a descriptive/exploratory methodology, including interviews and documentary analysis. In terms of curricular and administrative management, the study found that there is no clear typification of these educational proposals, nor is there a clear process for the introduction, modification and closure of such educational options. The administrative and curricular management is complex, as it involves different departments within the MEP, which do not always have the necessary coordination, and that there are a number of possible processes to introduce, modify and close educational modalities and offerings, also budgets play a key role in the approval of such proposals. These findings are discussed in the light of the right of individuals to quality education and to fully develop their educational and professional potential.

Resumo: No sistema educacional da Costa Rica, observa-se um aumento nas opções para o ensino médio; contudo, a diversidade de ofertas e modalidades disponíveis carece de clareza. Neste manuscrito, trabalhamos com diretores de centros educativos, supervisores de circuitos educativos e funcionários administrativos dos escritórios centrais do Ministério da Educação Pública (MEP) da Costa Rica para responder às seguintes questões de pesquisa: Quais os critérios para a mudança ou abertura de modalidades e ofertas educativas no ensino secundário na Costa Rica? Quais os caminhos administrativos e de gestão curricular para aprovação de vagas ou alterações de modalidades e ofertas? e finalmente, como pode ser descrito o processo de gestão de mudanças ou abertura de modalidades ou ofertas do MEP? Foi utilizada uma metodologia descritiva/exploratória, além de entrevistas e de um análise documental. Verificou-se que a partir da gestão curricular e administrativa não existe uma classificação clara destas propostas educacionais nem um percurso único para os processos de abertura, mudança e encerramento destas opções educativas. A gestão administrativa e curricular é complexa, pois envolve diferentes instâncias do MEP, entre as quais nem sempre há coordenação. Existem diversas rotas para a criação, alteração e encerramento de modalidades e ofertas educativas, e o aspecto orçamentário desempenha um papel crucial na aprovação. Essas constatações são discutidas à luz do direito das pessoas a uma educação de qualidade e ao seu pleno desenvolvimento educacional e profissional.

Resumen: En el sistema educativo costarricense, ha existido un crecimiento en las opciones educativas para educación secundaria, sin embargo, no existe claridad sobre las distintas ofertas y modalidades disponibles. En esta investigación realizada en la Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, se trabajó con personas directoras de centros educativos, personal administrativo de oficinas centrales del Ministerio de Educación Pública de Costa Rica (MEP) y supervisores de circuitos educativos, para responder las siguientes preguntas de investigación: ¿cuáles son los criterios para el cambio o apertura de modalidades y ofertas educativas en educación media en Costa Rica? ¿Cuáles son las rutas de gestión administrativa y curricular para la aprobación de aperturas o cambios de modalidades y ofertas? Y, por último, ¿cómo se puede describir el proceso de gestión de cambio o apertura de modalidades u ofertas desde el MEP? Para ello, se utilizó una metodología de tipo descriptivo/exploratorio mediante entrevistas y análisis documental. Se encontró que, desde la gestión curricular y administrativa, no hay una clara tipificación de estas propuestas educativas, tampoco existe una única ruta para los procesos de apertura, cambio y cierre de estas opciones educativas. La gestión administrativa y curricular es compleja, pues intervienen distintas instancias del MEP, entre las cuales no siempre hay coordinación, se cuenta con distintas rutas para la creación, cambio y cierre de las modalidades y ofertas educativas, además, el aspecto presupuestario juega un papel clave en la aprobación. Finalmente, se discuten estos hallazgos a la luz del derecho de las personas de tener una educación de calidad, así como su pleno desarrollo educativo y profesional.

Resumo Assumindo que as autoridades de América Latina têm níveis baixos de aprovação, essa pesquisa avalia o desempenho do governo de México nos últimos 25 anos com dois indicadores chave da nova governança política, analisando a posição absoluta e relativa do México nos índices de eficácia do governo e a qualidade regulatória com a plataforma Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI). O quadro teórico foi conformado pelo modelo de governança proposto por duas filosofias de administração estreitamente ligadas com a gestão pública e a nova gestão pública. Os resultados mostram que, na gestão de Ernesto Zedillo, Vicente Fox e Felipe Calderón, os registros podem se considerar positivos, ligados com práticas de gestão adequadas. Do mesmo jeito, o rendimento da gestão de Enrique Peña Nieto e, de jeito particular, o de Andrés Manuel López Obrador, são desfavoráveis. A pesquisa apresenta as variáveis explicativas dos resultados. A conclusão indica que o uso de indicadores e modelos, embora sendo importante, representa somente opções estratégicas, sendo a construção de serviços públicos honestos e profissionais a verdadeira finalidade do Estado. JEL: L38 Política pública.

Abstract If the authorities in Latin America have low approval levels, this research assesses the performance of the government of Mexico over the last 25 years with two key indicators of the new political governance, analyzing the absolute and relate positions of Mexico in the efficiency indexes of the government and regulatory quality through the Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) platform. The theoretical framework is made up by the governance model proposed by two administration philosophies that have a noteworthy connection with public management and new public management. The results show that, for the administration periods of Ernesto Zedillo, Vicente Fox and Felipe Calderón, the records could be considered positive and associated to appropriate management practices. Similarly, the performance for the government led by Enrique Peña Nieto and the one led by Andrés Manuel López Obrador are not favorable; the explanative variables of this results are also presented. The research concludes by stating that the use of indicators and models, while certainly important, only represents strategic options as the construction of honest, professional public services is the true objective of the State. JEL: L38 Public Policies.

Resumen Asumiendo que las autoridades de América Latina tienen bajos niveles de aprobación, esta investigación evalúa el desempeño del gobierno de México en los últimos 25 años con dos indicadores clave de la nueva gobernanza política. Se analiza la posición absoluta y relativa de México en los índices de eficacia del gobierno y calidad regulatoria por medio de la plataforma de Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI). El marco teórico está conformado por el modelo de gobernanza propuesto desde dos filosofías administrativas con las que guardan una vital relación la gerencia pública y la nueva gerencia pública. Los resultados muestran que en las administraciones de Ernesto Zedillo, Vicente Fox y Felipe Calderón los registros se pueden considerar como positivos, asociados a prácticas de gestión apropiadas. De la misma forma, el desempeño del gobierno que encabezó Enrique Peña Nieto y, particulamiente, el que representa Andrés Manuel López Obrador, es desfavorable, se exponen las variables explicativas de estos resultados. Se concluye indicando que el uso de indicadores y modelos, si bien es importante, representa únicamente opciones estratégicas, siendo la construcción de servicios públicos honestos y profesionales el auténtico fin del Estado. JEL: L38 Política pública.

Abstract University management involves a series of key actors in the decision-making and strategic direction of higher education institutions. One of these actors is student co-government, a fundamental component in many universities that seeks to give voice and representation to students in academic and administrative matters. The main objective of the research is to analyze student participation and representation in academic processes, whose contribution has strengthened the institutional management of University San Gregorio of Portoviejo during the period 2021-2023. The applied methodology had a quantitative-qualitative approach of a descriptive, non-experimental and transversal type. Initially, a survey was carried out with the purpose of determining the main needs of the students in their different academic aspects; the results led to the implementation of certain actions that sought to respond to the identified needs. Additionally, to identify the level of satisfaction with the quality of co-government management, a survey was applied to determine the criteria and opinions of students regarding the performance and influence of student representatives in the institutional management of the University. The results allowed for the consolidation of alliances between other university representatives of the province, better communication with institutional authorities, and student leadership was forged through teamwork, responsibility, loyalty, the sense of belonging and the humanistic quality that characterizes the Gregorians to constitute a reference in higher education.

Resumen La gestión universitaria involucra una serie de actores claves en la toma de decisiones y la dirección estratégica de las instituciones de educación superior. Uno de estos actores es el cogobierno estudiantil, un componente fundamental en muchas universidades que busca dar voz y representación a los estudiantes en asuntos académicos y administrativos. El objetivo principal de la investigación es analizar la participación y representación estudiantil en los procesos académicos, cuya contribución ha fortalecido la gestión institucional de la Universidad San Gregorio de Portoviejo durante el período 2021-2023. La metodología aplicada tuvo un enfoque cuanti-cualitativo de tipo descriptiva, no experimental y transversal. Inicialmente se realizó una encuesta con la finalidad de determinar las principales necesidades de los estudiantes en sus diferentes aspectos académicos, los resultados originaron la implementación de ciertas acciones que pretendían dar respuesta a las necesidades identificadas. Adicionalmente, para identificar el nivel de satisfacción sobre la calidad de gestión del cogobierno se aplicó una encuesta para determinar los criterios y opiniones de los estudiantes respecto del desempeño e influencia de los representantes estudiantiles en la gestión institucional de la Universidad. Los resultados permitieron consolidar alianzas entre otros representantes universitarios de la provincia, una mejor comunicación con autoridades institucionales, y se forjó el liderazgo estudiantil a través del trabajo en equipo, la responsabilidad, la lealtad, el sentido de pertenencia y la calidad humanística que caracteriza a los gregorianos para constituir un referente en la educación superior.

Abstract Purpose: The objective of this paper is to investigate the direction of the causal relationship between dividend policy (DP) and earnings management (EM). Design/methodology/approach: This research utilizes the panel data analysis to investigate the causal relationship between EM and DP. It provides empirical insights based on a sample of 280 French nonfinancial companies listed on the CAC All-Tradable index during the period of 2008-2015. The study initiates with a Granger causality examination on the unbalanced panel data and employs a dynamic panel approach with the generalized method of moments (GMM). It further estimates the empirical models simultaneously using the three-stage least squares (3SLS) method and the iterative triple least squares (iterative 3SLS) method. Findings: The estimation of our various empirical models confirms the presence of a bidirectional causal relationship between DP and EM. Practical implications: Our study highlights the prevalence of EM in the French context, particularly within DP. It underscores the need for regulatory bodies, the Ministry of Finance, external auditors and stock exchange organizers to prioritize governance mechanisms for improving the quality of financial information disclosed by companies. Originality/value: This research is, to the best of our knowledge, the first is to extensively investigate the reciprocal causal relationship between DP and EM in France. Previous studies have not placed a significant emphasis on exploring this bidirectional link between these two variables.

RESUMO Objetivo: Estimar a cobertura de registro de óbito de mulheres em idade fértil (MIF) no Sistema de Informação Hospitalar (SIH), segundo hospital de ocorrência, e verificar os preditores associados à cobertura. Métodos: Estudo ecológico descritivo com dados públicos do SIH, Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade (SIM) e Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde (CNES) no período 2012–2020. Óbitos em internações de MIF no SIH foram comparados aos do SIM. Calculou-se a cobertura pela proporção de óbitos no SIH em relação ao SIM. Modelos de classificação supervisionada — árvore de decisão e floresta aleatória — foram utilizados para identificação das características hospitalares relacionadas à cobertura. Resultados: A cobertura de registro de óbito de MIF foi estimada em 78%, e em 71,8% após exclusão de hospitais com cobertura >100%. Menor cobertura foi observada na região Norte (67,7%) e maior na Sul (76,9%). Houve aumento da cobertura — de 69% para 74,4% — no período. Os principais fatores preditivos da cobertura foram instalação física de urgência/emergência, esfera administrativa, nível de complexidade, proporção de leitos adultos conveniados ao SUS e atividade de ensino, com menor cobertura naqueles com instalação de urgência/emergência e maior cobertura naqueles com maior complexidade, da esfera federal, com atividade de ensino e maior proporção de leitos adultos conveniados ao SUS. Falhas no registro do CNES foram identificadas no SIM. Conclusão: A cobertura de registro de óbito de MIF no SIH no país é elevada e crescente. Diferenças regionais reforçam a necessidade de estratégias de melhoria da qualidade dos sistemas de informação.

ABSTRACT Objective: To estimate the death registration coverage of women of childbearing age (WCA) in the Hospital Information System (SIH), according to the hospital of occurrence and to verify the predictors associated with coverage. Methods: Descriptive ecological study with public data from SIH, Mortality Information System (SIM) and National Registry of Health Establishments (CNES), 2012–2020. Deaths in WCA hospitalizations in SIH were compared to those in SIM. Coverage was calculated by the proportion of deaths in SIH in relation to SIM. Supervised classification models — decision tree and random forest — were used to identify hospital characteristics related to coverage. Results: WCA death registration coverage was estimated at 78.0 and 71.8% after excluding hospitals with >100% coverage. Lower coverage was observed in the North region (67.7%) and higher in the South (76.9%). There was an increase in coverage from 69.0% to 74.4% in the period examined. The main factors predicting coverage were urgency/emergency facility, administrative management level, hospital complexity, proportion of adult beds covered by SUS and teaching activity, with lower coverage in those with an urgency/emergency facility and greater coverage in those of higher complexity, in federal hospitals, those with teaching activity and higher proportion of adult beds covered by SUS. Flaws in the CNES registration were identified in SIM. Conclusion: The coverage of WCA death registration in SIH in the country is high and growing. Regional differences reinforce the need for strategies to improve the quality of information systems.

Resumo Esta pesquisa analisa o modelo de gestão da qualidade, que visa melhorar a gestão dos governos locais no Chile, instrumento promovido pelo nível central através da Subsecretaria de Desenvolvimento Regional e Administrativo (SUBDERE). Para este estudo, a informação primária foi recolhida através de entrevistas e grupos focais com informantes-chave, incluindo académicos, especialistas e funcionários da SUBDERE, bem como funcionários municipais e representantes de associações de municípios. As informações obtidas foram analisadas por meio do software QDA ATLAS.ti, utilizando categorias identificadas tanto no processo de revisão documental quanto na revisão primária das entrevistas e foco. Com base nesses resultados, exploram-se razões da literatura especializada que poderiam explicar a manutenção de uma política, para a qual não haveria evidências de sua contribuição para a melhoria da gestão e dos serviços prestados pelos municípios do Chile, bem como um impacto negativo e percepção contraditória dos beneficiários e dos diferentes atores envolvidos no programa. Por fim, são sugeridas medidas de políticas públicas associadas à implementação de um sistema de gestão abrangente, a partir de um processo colaborativo e intergovernamental, que poderia ser complementado com controles de qualidade que permitam otimizar e modernizar a gestão municipal.

Resumen Esta investigación analiza el modelo de gestión de calidad orientado a mejorar la gestión de los gobiernos locales en Chile, instrumento impulsado por el nivel central a través de la Subsecretaría de Desarrollo Regional y Administrativo (SUBDERE). Para este estudio, se realizó un levantamiento de información primaria, a través de entrevistas y grupos focales a informantes claves, considerando a académicos, expertos y funcionarios SUBDERE, así como a funcionarios municipales y representantes de asociaciones de municipalidades. La información obtenida fue analizada a través del software QDA ATLAS.ti, mediante categorías identificadas tanto en el proceso de revisión documental, como en la revisión primaria de las entrevistas y focus. A partir de estos resultados, se exploran razones desde la literatura especializada, que pudieran explicar el mantenimiento de una política, sobre la cual no existiría evidencia de su contribución a la mejora en la gestión y servicios que prestan las municipalidades en Chile, así como una percepción negativa y contradictoria de los beneficiarios y distintos actores involucrados en el programa. Finalmente, se sugieren medidas de políticas públicas asociadas a la implementación de un sistema de gestión integral, desde un proceso colaborativo e intergubernamental que pudiese ser complementado con controles de calidad que permitieran optimizar y modernizar la gestión municipal.

Abstract This research analyzes the quality management model aimed at improving the performance of local governments in Chile, an instrument promoted by the central government through the Undersecretary of Regional and Administrative Development (SUBDERE). For this study, a survey of primary information was carried out through interviews and focus groups with key informants. These participants included academics, experts, SUBDERE officials, municipal officials, and representatives of associations of municipalities. The information obtained was analyzed through the QDA ATLAS.ti software, using categories identified in the documentary review process and the primary review of the interviews and focus groups. Based on the data analyzed, we reviewed the specialized literature for elements that help to explain why a policy remains in force even though there is evidence that it does not contribute to improving the management and services of Chilean municipalities. In addition, we discussed the negative impact of this type of policy and the contradictory perceptions of both the beneficiaries and the many actors involved in the adoption and use of the quality management mode under analysis. Finally, we suggest public policy measures associated with implementing a comprehensive management system through collaborative and intergovernmental processes complemented with quality controls that optimize and modernize municipal management.