Resumen: La pandemia por COVID-19 influyó en el proceso de educación superior generando una transición entre la modalidad presencial a la modalidad en línea-emergente en la que se identificaron varias dificultades para el acceso debido a la inequidad, problemas tecnológicos, crisis de salud y económica a nivel mundial, y en Ecuador a nivel de docentes y estudiantes. El descubrimiento de conocimiento en bases de datos de KDD - Educacional, el análisis de técnicas de minería de datos de clasificación y agrupación, y el complemento de análisis de datos con la inteligencia de negocios determinaron los factores desde la perspectiva de la institución, del docente y de los estudiantes que inciden en el proceso de educación en línea, donde se demuestra además, la importancia del modelo de educación, la metodología del proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje, el entorno de aprendizaje y el bienestar de los docentes y estudiantes que garantizan una educación superior en línea de calidad con igualdad de oportunidades en el acceso.

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted higher education, forcing a rapid transition from face-to-face modality to the emerging online learning modality. This transition exposed several challenges, including, inequitable access to technology, global health and economic crisis, and specific difficulties faced by both teachers and students in Ecuador. Knowledge discovery in KDD - Educational databases, the analysis of classification and clustering data mining techniques and the complement of data analysis with business intelligence determined the factors from the perspective of the institution, teachers and students that influence the online education process. In addition, the importance of the education model, the teaching-learning process methodology, the learning environment, and the well-being of teachers and students that guarantee quality online higher education with equal access opportunities is demonstrated.

ABSTRACT Introduction: A quality education for university students of medical sciences is part of the policy established by the Cuban State for Higher Education. Correspondingly, a research project is being developed aimed at raising the quality in the training process of the students of the University of Medical Sciences of Camagüey; For this reason, the objective of this text is to present the results of the process of characterization of the assumed problematic situation, taking into account the linguistic and technological dimensions, based on the application of research instruments during the initial diagnosis stage to professionals and students who make up the sample. Method: The research is classified as R&D, of a causal explanatory observational nature, which produces systems of actions to raise the quality of the training of future professionals at the University of Medical Sciences of Camagüey and is developed between January 2023 and December 2024. The non-probabilistic sampling by quota is made up of students from different faculties, teachers, professionals and non-teaching workers. Results: Insufficiencies were found in the development of computer skills to complement their studies through the search for information in virtual learning environments, to which are added the difficulties that the students in the sample present in expressing themselves and understanding texts, using the use of English for professional purposes. Discussion: The results were compared with those of con scholars who, at a national and global level, have investigated the topic of achieving quality in training processes at the university, and with this the usefulness of the study was corroborated.

RESUMEN Introducción: Una educación de calidad para los estudiantes universitarios de las ciencias médicas es parte de la política establecida por el Estado cubano para el nivel superior. En correspondencia se desarrolla un proyecto de investigación dirigido a la elevación de la calidad en el proceso formativo de los estudiantes de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Camagüey; por ello el presente texto tiene como objetivo exponer los resultados del proceso de caracterización de la situación problémica asumida, atendiendo a las dimensiones lingüística y tecnológica, a partir de la aplicación de los instrumentos de investigación durante la etapa del diagnóstico inicial a profesionales y estudiantes que conforman la muestra. Método: La investigación clasifica como I+D, de carácter observacional explicativo causal, que produce sistemas de acciones para elevar la calidad de la formación del futuro profesional de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Camagüey y se desarrolla entre enero de 2023 y diciembre de 2024. El muestreo no probabilístico por cuota está constituido por estudiantes de las diferentes facultades, docentes, profesionales y trabajadores no docentes. Resultados: Se constataron insuficiencias en el desarrollo de las habilidades informáticas para complementar sus estudios mediante la búsqueda de información en los entornos virtuales de aprendizaje, a lo que se suman las dificultades que presentan los alumnos dela muestra para expresarse y comprender textos, valiéndose del empleo del inglés con fines profesionales. Discusión: Se confrontaron los resultados con los de otros estudiosos que, a nivel nacional y mundial, han investigado sobre la temática acerca del logro de la calidad en los procesos de formación en la universidad y con ello se corroboró la utilidad del estudio.

Resumen La autoevaluación de los programas de maestría impartidos total o parcialmente en entornos virtuales permite la mejora de estos y favorece la toma de decisiones basada en evidencias. La eficacia de la autoevaluación depende de los indicadores utilizados por lo que es indispensable determinar el valor de estos. El objetivo del trabajo fue implementar un instrumento de evaluación de los indicadores para la autoevaluación de la calidad de los programas virtuales de maestría. Se realizó la identificación y análisis de artículos científicos, guías de diseño y normas técnicas que abordan la evaluación de indicadores. Se empleó el motor de búsqueda de Google y Google Académico con las palabras clave: indicadores, sistemas de indicadores, evaluación de indicadores. Como resultado del análisis se identificaron seis criterios de calidad de los indicadores utilizados en la autoevaluación de los programas virtuales de maestría. Se elaboró un instrumento para medir estos seis criterios mediante una escala de Likert de cinco niveles. La prueba piloto del instrumento diseñado permitió su validación y mejorar los indicadores utilizados en la autoevaluación de los programas virtuales de maestría en la Cátedra de Calidad, Metrología y Normalización de la Universidad de La Habana.

Abstract Systematic self-assessment of master's programs taught totally or partially in virtual environments allows the improvement of these and favors evidence-based decision making. Self-assessment effectiveness is to a large extent due to indicators that are defined to carry it out. Value determination of these indicators for the self-assessment´s objectives achievement is the first step to the realization of this. Given the above, the objective of this work was to implement an instrument for evaluating the self-assessment´s indicators for quality of virtual programs master's. It was carried out identification and analysis of scientific articles, design guides and technical standards that address the evaluation of indicators. The Google and Google Scholar search engine was used with the keywords: indicators, indicator systems, indicator evaluation. As a result of the analysis, six indicators’ quality criteria used in the master's virtual programs self-assessment were identified. An instrument was developed to measure these six criteria through a five-level Likert scale. Pilot test of designed instrument allowed its validation and improve the indicators used in master's virtual programs self-assessment in the Chair of Quality, Metrology and Standardization of the University of Havana.

Resumen: En los sistemas educativos, los modelos de gestión se adaptan con la finalidad de fortalecer el sistema en su conjunto, mejorar la calidad educativa y propender al desarrollo del conocimiento. Por lo tanto, las instituciones de educación superior (IES) deben adoptar nuevos modelos de gestión que permita una administración eficiente para alcanzar sus metas. El objetivo del presente estudio ha sido analizar tres modelos de gestión: Garvin, Deming e ISO 21001:2018, mediante un enfoque analítico-sintético-deductivo. Además, se ha buscado hacer una triangulación de información que permita realizar un análisis comparativo, considerando que no existe como regla general un modelo de gestión aplicable debido a que cada institución presenta diversas características, procesos estructuración institucional propia. Por esta razón, se ha planteado una propuesta dirigida a establecer nuevas perspectivas en la gestión de instituciones de educación superior en el que se recogen las mejores prácticas y dimensiones adaptadas a los requerimientos a los que se ven abocados las IES. La propuesta se ha basado en cinco categorías del modelo: procesos, funciones, objetivos-metas, mejora continua y liderazgo, en base a la vigencia, pertinencia y adaptabilidad para las IES, considerando aspectos científicos, tecnológicos y demandas de la sociedad.

Abstract: In educational systems, management models are adapted with the aim of strengthening the system as a whole, improving educational quality and promoting the development of knowledge. Therefore, higher education institutions (HEIs) must adopt new management models that allow efficient administration to achieve their goals. The objective of this study is to analyze three management models: Garvin, Deming and ISO 21001:2018 through an analytical-synthetic-deductive approach, in addition to a triangulation of information that allows for a comparative analysis, considering that there is no general rule of thumb. applicable management model because each institution presents various characteristics, its own institutional structuring processes, which is why a proposal is proposed aimed at establishing new perspectives in the management of higher education institutions in which the best practices and dimensions adapted to the requirements to which HEIs are faced. The proposal is based on five categories of the model: processes, functions, objectives-goals, continuous improvement and leadership, based on validity, relevance and adaptability for HEIs, considering scientific, technological aspects and demands of society.

ABSTRACT The research entitled Approach by competencies - Perspectives for the implementation of the credit system in Higher Education in Paraguay, aims to analyze the situation of the approach by competencies and its relationship with the perspective for the implementation of the credit system in Paraguay. Methodologically it had a mixed, analytical approach; The population was made up of teachers from the National University of Itapúa, from the Faculty of Humanities, Social Sciences and Guaraní Culture. Totaling 50 teachers and the sample 45 teachers. Among the most notable results, it was determined that 59% of teachers stated that a competency-based curriculum allows for more active learning; and the same percentage stated that it helps students solve life problems; Another important fact to highlight is that 78% of teachers take into account the three dimensions: cognitive, procedural and attitudinal. Regarding the linking of the credit system with the competency-based approach, it has been consulted, according to his perception as a university professional, when transferring the current curriculum to the Higher Education Credit System (SCES) whether it will improve educational quality at this level; The response was quite varied, with 37% stating that they somewhat agreed, while 30% strongly agreed and 22% neither agreed nor disagreed. In conclusion, from the teaching perspective, the competency-based approach is related to the implementation of the credit system in Paraguay.

Resumen La investigación titulada Enfoque por competencias - Perspectivas para la implementación del sistema de créditos en la Educación Superior en el Paraguay, tiene por objetivo analizar la situación del enfoque por competencias y su relación con la perspectiva para la implementación del sistema de créditos en Paraguay. Metodológicamente tuvo un enfoque mixto, de tipo analítica; la población estuvo compuesta por docentes de la Universidad Nacional de Itapúa, de la Facultad de Humanidades, Ciencias Sociales y Cultura Guaraní. Totalizando 50 docentes y la muestra 45 docentes. Entre los resultados más resaltantes se ha determinado que, el 59 % de los docentes manifestaron que un currículo basado en competencias permite un aprendizaje más activo; y un mismo porcentaje manifestó que sirve a los estudiantes para solucionar problemáticas de la vida; otro dato importante a resaltar es que el 78 % de los docentes tiene en cuenta las tres dimensiones: cognitiva, procedimental y actitudinal. Respecto a la vinculación del sistema de créditos con el enfoque por competencias se ha consultado, según su percepción como profesional universitario, al pasar el currículo actual al Sistema de Créditos en la Educación Superior (SCES) si va mejorar la calidad educativa en este nivel; la respuesta fue bastante variada, siendo que el 37% manifestó estar algo de acuerdo, mientras que el 30 % estar muy de acuerdo y el 22% ni de acuerdo ni en desacuerdo. En conclusión, desde la perspectiva docente el enfoque por competencias guarda relación con la implementación del sistema de créditos en Paraguay.

INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic brought about a global crisis in higher education, where students were required to transition to emergency remote teaching (ERT). This study explored students' experiences of online assessments and feedback during the pandemic to inform future practice. METHODOLOGY: This study utilised a descriptive cross-sectional quantitative design with purposeful sampling to describe student's experiences of online assessments. Data were collected from occupational therapy students in 2022. The Assessment Experiences Questionnaire was sent to all eligible participants (n=166). Data were analysed using SPSS version 28. RESULTS: Students reported that 'tackling' assignments made them apply their learning more deeply (79.75%; n=63). More than half of the students learned more from doing assignments than studying course material (61.25%; n=49). Majority of students felt they did not receive timely feedback through online assessments (67.5%, n=54)( which impacted their learning. More than half of the students use feedback in preparation for assignments (56.25%; n=45), hence timely and quality feedback is needed. CONCLUSION: Occupational therapy students had a positive experience of online assessments; however, the transition was challenging. It is recommended for lecturers to consider the challenges of online assessments, the number of assessments and timely feedback for an effective online learning process. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE • For online learning to be effective, relevant and timely access to resources and support systems are required. These include internet access, resources like laptops and smartphones which facilitate engagement with remote learning. • The provision of institutional and academic support can positively influence students' experiences of online learning. • Timing and quality of feedback is essential to the online learning experience. Delayed feedback can negatively impact learning, emphasising the importance of timely feedback to aid student growth and improved learning outcomes. • Students' experiences and perceptions of how they receive feedback change over time. Thus, personalised feedback focusing on improvement rather than comparison to peers should be emphasised in the learning environments to which they are exposed. • The importance of effective time management in students is emphasised for online learning and students need to be equipped with these skills for this mode of learning.

Internationally, there has been a push for the prioritisation of research impact beyond its scholarly contribution. Traditionally, research impact assessments have focused on academic impact and quantitative measures, at the expense of researchers for whom research impact cannot be quantified. Bibliometric indicators and other quantitative measures are still the most widely used method for evaluating research impact because these measures are easy to use and provide a quick solution for evaluators. Conversely, metric indicators fail to capture important dimensions of high-quality research. Hence, in this study, we explored challenges with metric indicators. We adopted a case study of the University of Cape Town and used document analysis, a questionnaire survey to collect data from academics and researchers, as well as semi-structured interviews with a sample of academic and research staff. The findings highlight common challenges with quantitative measures, such as bias and discipline coverage, and the ability of measures to drive researchers' behaviour in another direction. We propose the adoption of responsible research metrics and assessment in South African higher education institutions for more inclusive and equitable research impact assessments. SIGNIFICANCE: • The study highlights the importance of understanding the challenges and influence of current measures used for assessing research impact in higher education institutions. • There is a need for higher education leaders, policymakers and funders to advocate and support responsible metrics. • Higher education leaders, funders and policymakers need to collaborate at the national level to initiate and support research assessment reform.

Science investments should benefit everyone; however, research still predominantly lacks gender integration, resulting in incomplete findings and inequitable outcomes. Moreover, despite some progress, gender disparities persist in the research workforce. Research funders, including science granting councils, are pivotal in driving gender transformation through shaping knowledge production and research infrastructure. We report on key findings from the Science Granting Councils Initiative (SGCI) in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) Gender Equality and Inclusivity (GEI) Project - a multi-year participatory intervention aimed at strengthening the capacities of councils to integrate GEI across their functions. Participating councils were located in 13 African countries, and their actions spanned four domains: building organisational GEI infrastructure; reshaping norms, practices, and power relations that perpetuate gender inequality; implementing targeted measures to address women's unequal access to resources and research opportunities; and promoting collective ownership of efforts to advance GEI in the research and innovation ecosystem. SIGNIFICANCE: • Achieving gender transformation in research and innovation hinges on addressing two intertwined challenges: structural gender inequality in higher education and research institutions, and a lack of gender integration in research content and design. • Grant-makers influence decisions about who conducts and participates in research, the types of research approaches and topics prioritised, and the populations that benefit from research findings. Adopting a GEI lens in these decisions enhances research quality and promotes equity. • Our findings pinpoint entry points for leveraging grant-making practices to advance gender transformation and underscore the importance of rooting such interventions in context.

ABSTRACT Penaeus vannamei, or white shrimp, is an economically significant species that dominates shrimp production and represents a rapidly growing industry. However, the culture faces challenges due to high mortality rates due to bacterial and viral diseases. Unlike vertebrates, shrimp rely solely on their innate immunity for defense against pathogens. Introducing probiotics into shrimp culture can enhance growth, survival rates, and immune responses against disease outbreaks caused by pathogenic bacteria or viruses. Common diseases affecting shrimp farms include vibriosis, white spot disease, acute hepatopancreatic necrosis and black gill disease. These diseases can cause severe infections, which lead to high mortality rates. The application of probiotics, such as Bacillus cereus, B. licheniformis, B. subtilis, Lactobacillus sp., Paenibacillus, Pseudomonas sp., Pseudoaltermonas, and yeast, either through diet or direct administration, has demonstrated positive impacts on shrimp health, including enhanced growth, increased immunostimulation, improved gut microbiota, and better water quality parameters. In recent decades, aquafeed has explored effective solutions, such as microdiets, co-feeding (combining commercial feed and probiotics), and various microdiets types, to address aquaculture disease problems. Combining microdiets containing essential nutrients with probiotics has proven to be safer than antibiotics, which can adversely affect animals and the environment. However, further studies are needed to optimize the efficiency of feeding techniques by incorporating probiotics and commercial feed for disease resistance in penaeid shrimp culture. This review discusses commercial feeds and microdiets incorporated with probiotics for P. vannamei culture for growth and disease resistance to enhancement.

Resumo: Este manuscrito aborda a atribuição de valores na autoavaliação da pós-graduação, especificamente no Mestrado em Saúde Integral e Movimento Humano (MSIMH) da Universidade Nacional da Costa Rica com base nas diretrizes nacionais de acreditação. Destaca-se a importância de realizar este trabalho de forma sistemática e organizada, com uma fundamentação clara, para se conseguir uma análise objetiva dos aspectos que garantem a qualidade do curso. Diferentes agentes estiveram envolvidos no processo de autoavaliação, incluindo gestores, funcionários administrativos, professores, estudantes e tutores. Os resultados revelaram que as dimensões “Recursos” e “Processo Educativo” são centrais, com especial atenção para os componentes relativos a “Infraestruturas”, “Pesquisa” e “Corpo Docente”. Embora, componentes como a ementa e a metodologia de ensino e aprendizagem sejam relevantes, destaca-se também a importância da gestão académica e financeira para o desenvolvimento e sustentabilidade do curso. Em pesquisas futuras, recomenda-se contrastar os resultados da ponderação com os resultados da autoavaliação do MSIMH para identificar pontos fortes e áreas de melhoria em relação aos valores ponderados estabelecidos. Em síntese, este estudo salienta a importância da atribuição de valores adequados na autoavaliação da pós-graduação e promove a participação de múltiplos atores neste processo. Este documento serve de guia para novos processos de atribuição de valores nesta modalidade de acreditação.

Resumen: Este estudio, realizado en 2022, aborda la asignación de valores en la autoevaluación de posgrados, específicamente, en la Maestría en Salud Integral y Movimiento Humano (MSIMH) de la Universidad Nacional, con base en el Manual Oficial de Acreditación de carreras de Posgrado del Sistema Nacional de Acreditación (SINAES). Se destaca la importancia de realizar esta labor de manera sistemática y organizada, con un fundamento claro, para lograr un análisis objetivo de los aspectos que aseguran la calidad de la carrera. Además, se involucran diferentes agentes en el proceso de autoevaluación, incluyendo responsables, personal administrativo, docentes, estudiantes y tutores. Los resultados revelan que las dimensiones “Recursos” y “Proceso Educativo” son centrales, con una atención especial en los componentes “Infraestructura”, “Investigación” y “Personal académico”. Aunque componentes como el plan de estudio y la metodología de enseñanza y aprendizaje son relevantes, también se resalta la importancia de la gestión académica y financiera para el desarrollo y sostenibilidad de la carrera. En futuras investigaciones, se recomienda contrastar los resultados de la ponderación con los hallazgos de la autoevaluación de la MSIMH para identificar fortalezas y áreas de mejora en relación con los valores ponderados establecidos. En resumen, este estudio destaca la importancia de asignar valores adecuados en la autoevaluación de posgrados y promueve la participación de múltiples actores en este proceso. Por lo tanto, este documento sirve como guía para nuevos procesos de asignación de valores en este tipo de acreditaciones.

Abstract: This manuscript addresses value assignment in the self-evaluation of postgraduate programs, specifically in the Master’s Degree in Integrative Health and Human Movement (MSIMH) of the National University of Costa Rica, based on the national accreditation guidelines. It emphasizes the importance of carrying out this work in a systematic, organized, and clear manner to objectively analyze the aspects that guarantee the quality of the program. Different actors participated in the self-evaluation process, including managers, administrators, teachers, students, and tutors. The results showed that the dimensions “Resources” and “Educational Process” are fundamental, and that special attention should be given to the components “Infrastructure”, “Research” and “Academic Staff”. Although components such as curriculum and teaching and learning methodology are relevant, it also highlights the importance of academic and financial management for the development and sustainability of the program. It is recommended that future research should contrast the results of the weighting with the results of the MSIMH self-evaluation to identify strengths and areas for improvement in relation to the established weighted values. In short, this study highlights the importance of assigning appropriate values in the self-evaluation of postgraduate programs and encourages the participation of multiple stakeholders in this process. This document can be used as a guide for new processes of value assignment for this type of accreditation.

Resumo: A competência em interculturalidade na formação de professores desempenha um papel fundamental no processo de integração dos estudantes migrantes. Estudos sobre o tema indicam que há necessidade de formar professores em interculturalidade na formação inicial e de forma permanente, isso lhes permitirá assumir salas de aula diversas com igualdade e qualidade. Além disso, permitirá desenvolver um plano de ensino mais eficaz e que valorize o conhecimento dos estudantes. O manuscrito oferece noções sobre dois conceitos: interculturalidade e sensibilidade intercultural. Posteriormente, explica o conceito de migração e os desafios para a educação. Com base no exposto, propõe-se a necessidade de formação de professores em interculturalidade como fundamento do desenvolvimento da sensibilidade intercultural. Concluemse três aspectos: em primeiro lugar, a formação em interculturalidade deve começar no ensino superior e envolve um processo de aprendizagem contínuo. Em segundo lugar, a formação em interculturalidade permite que os professores adquiram os conhecimentos e competências necessários para projetar as suas estratégias na sala de aula de acordo com as necessidades, conhecimentos e contexto dos estudantes. Em terceiro lugar, a interculturalidade promove a oportunidade de enriquecer o conhecimento e, portanto, proporciona a oportunidade para que professores e estudantes aprendam com outras culturas, compreendendo que a sociedade é diversa e multicultural.

Resumen:La competencia en la interculturalidad en la formación docente desempeña un papel fundamental en el proceso de integración de estudiantes migrantes. Estudios sobre el tema indican que existe la necesidad de formar al profesorado en interculturalidad en la formación inicial y de forma permanente, esto les permitirá asumir aulas diversas desde la igualdad y con calidad. Además, les permitirá desarrollar una planeación didáctica más eficaz que valore los saberes de estudiantes. El ensayo ofrece nociones sobre dos conceptos: interculturalidad y sensibilidad intercultural. Posteriormente, explica el concepto de la migración y los retos para la educación. Con base en lo anterior, se propone la necesidad de la formación del profesorado en interculturalidad como fundamento hacia el desarrollo de la sensibilidad intercultural. Además, se concluyen tres aspectos: en primer lugar, la formación en interculturalidad debe iniciar en la educación superior e implica un proceso de aprendizaje continuo. En segundo lugar, la formación en interculturalidad permite al profesorado adquirir conocimientos y competencias necesarias para proyectar sus estrategias de aula bajo las necesidades, los saberes y el contexto de sus estudiantes. En tercer lugar, la interculturalidad promueve la oportunidad para enriquecer los conocimientos y, por ende, brinda la oportunidad a profesores y estudiantes de aprender de otras culturas, entendiendo que la sociedad es diversa y multicultural.

Abstract: Interculturality in teacher education plays a fundamental role in the integration process of migrant students. Studies on the subject show that it is necessary to train teachers in interculturality from their initial training and on an ongoing basis. This will allow them to work with diverse classrooms in an equitable and quality manner, and also to develop more effective didactic planning that values students’ knowledge. The manuscript introduces two concepts: interculturality and intercultural sensitivity. It then explains the concept of migration and its educational challenges. Based on all this, it presents the need to prepare teachers in interculturality in order to develop intercultural sensitivity. The conclusions are threefold: first, intercultural awareness should begin in higher education and implies a continuous learning process. Second, intercultural education provides teachers with the knowledge and skills needed to design their teaching strategies according to the needs, knowledge and context of the students. Third, interculturality enables teachers and students to learn from other cultures and to understand that society is diverse and multicultural. Finally, it is concluded that transdisciplinarity and ecoformation are perspectives for humanity; they require a change in the traditional ways of understanding reality and, therefore, of practicing education.

Resumo: No âmbito do ensino superior, o discurso da inovação educativa tem-se difundido como fator chave da qualidade na educação e como resposta aos fenómenos e tendências educativas provocados pela globalização e pelo desenvolvimento das Tecnologias de Informação (TICs) e de digitalização. Apesar do aumento e da relevância que tem sido dada à noção ela ainda é ambígua e polissémica sem a existência clara de um consenso social e acadêmico sobre o seu significado. Portanto, este ensaio pretende fornecer uma abordagem ao conceito de inovação e diferenciá-lo entre o seu significado geral no campo económico e a sua noção e possível aplicação no ensino superior, apresentando um quadro conceitual que termina com uma discussão que visa responder à questão: o que significa inovar no ensino superior? Para tal, são revistos os níveis de profundidade, dimensões de abordagem e implicações da sua aplicação nas Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) e concluise com uma reflexão que se centra em considerar a inovação educativa nas IES como um elemento que intervém na cultura, uma vez que emerge do campo simbólico num processo de transformação das crenças, valores e conhecimentos dos diferentes membros da comunidade educativa, o que tem implicações que vão além da simples introdução das TIC nas práticas educativas e com exigências como uma visão institucional que requer de uma participação abrangente.

Resumen: En el ámbito de la educación superior, se ha generalizado el discurso de la innovación educativa como factor clave para el logro de la calidad de la educación, además, como respuesta ante los fenómenos y tendencias educativas provocados por la globalización y el desarrollo de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC), así como la digitalización. A pesar del incremento y relevancia que se le ha otorgado, su noción es ambigua y polisémica sin la existencia clara de un consenso social y académico sobre su significado. Por ello, este ensayo pretende brindar una aproximación al concepto innovación y diferenciarla entre su acepción general en el ámbito económico, así como su noción y posible aplicación en la educación superior mediante la presentación de un marco conceptual que finaliza con una discusión que pretende responder a la pregunta: ¿qué significa innovar en la educación superior? Para lograrlo, se recorren los niveles de profundización, dimensiones de abordaje e implicaciones de su aplicación en las instituciones de educación superior (IES) y se concluye con una reflexión que se enfoca en considerar a la innovación educativa en las IES como un elemento que interviene en la cultura, pues emerge del campo simbólico en un proceso de transformación de las creencias, valores y conocimientos de los distintos miembros de la comunidad educativa, que tiene implicaciones más allá de solo introducir TIC en las prácticas educativas y con requerimientos como una visión institucional que solicita una participación integral.

Abstract: In higher education, educational innovation has become a widespread discourse as a key factor for quality education and as a response to the educational phenomena and trends brought about by globalization and the development of information and communication technologies (ICT) and digitalization. Despite the relevance attributed to it, the concept is ambiguous and polysemic, as there is no clear social and academic consensus on its meaning. This paper aims to provide an insight into the concept of innovation, distinguishing between its general economic meaning and its notion and possible application in higher education, based on a conceptual framework that concludes with a discussion that seeks to answer the question: what does it mean to innovate in higher education? To achieve this, the levels of deepening, the dimensions of the approach and the implications of its application in Higher Education Institutions (HEI) are analyzed. The analysis concludes with a reflection on educational innovation in HEIs as an element that intervenes culturally, as it emerges from the symbolic field in a process that transforms the beliefs, values, and knowledge of the different members of the educational community. This goes beyond the introduction of ICT in educational practice since this requires an institutional vision with integral involvement.

ABSTRACT The changes brought about by globalization mean that young people are increasingly prepared not only intellectually, but also financially. From the point of view of financial education, its importance for the development of the quality of life of young people in higher education is described. The main objective of the research is to describe the results of researches that were conducted on financial education in young people of higher education taking into consideration researches published between the period of 2017-2022. The research corresponds to a documentary design. Scielo, Scopus, Dialnet, Redalyc, Alicia and Google Scholar were searched. Some research has related the type of university career, the level of indebtedness, technological gap or use of ICT, materialism and gender inequality. The study leads to the conclusion that the development of financial education is fundamental in the training of higher education students because it will allow them to have knowledge that can be related between theory and practice.

RESUMEN Los cambios por la globalización generan que los jóvenes estén cada vez más preparados no solo a nivel intelectual, sino también financiero. Desde el punto de vista de la educación financiera se describe su importancia para el desarrollo de la calidad de vida de los jóvenes de educación superior. El objetivo principal de la investigación es describir los resultados de las investigaciones que se realizaron sobre educación financiera en jóvenes de educación superior teniendo en consideración investigaciones publicadas entre el periodo de 2017-2022. La investigación corresponde a un diseño documental. Se realizaron búsquedas en Scielo, Scopus, Dialnet, Redalyc, Alicia y Google Académico. En algunas investigaciones se ha relacionado el tipo de carrera universitaria, el nivel de endeudamiento, brecha tecnológica o uso de las TIC, materialismo y desigualdad de género. El estudio permite concluir que, es fundamental el desarrollo de la educación financiera en la formación de los estudiantes de educación superior porque les permitirá tener conocimientos que puedan relacionar entre la teoría y la práctica.

Abstract The objective of this research is to explore, from the perspective of students at a state public university that uses the competency-based model, the key challenges and opportunities derived from the adoption of digital tools in the context of an online educational model, generated as response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The implications of this transition were also examined. To carry out this study, a quantitative approach methodology was implemented with the objective of validating our hypothesis. The population under study included students enrolled in the four bachelor's degrees offered by the Victoria Faculty of Commerce and Administration. From this population, a random sample of 334 students was selected. Data collection was carried out using a structured questionnaire consisting of 35 items. The reliability analysis, evaluated through Cronbach's alpha index, yielded a value of 0.739, indicating high reliability in the results obtained. This study considered the perception of university students in six key dimensions, taking into account the conditions of infrastructure, connectivity and knowledge on various platforms, which influence the teaching-learning process: i. academic participation, ii. educational quality, iii. technological incorporation, iv. academic support, v. digital skills and vi. academic flexibility.

Resumo O objetivo desta pesquisa é explorar, na perspectiva de estudantes de uma universidade pública estadual que utiliza o modelo baseado em competências, os principais desafios e oportunidades derivados da adoção de ferramentas digitais no contexto de um modelo educacional online, gerado como resposta à pandemia de COVID-19. As implicações desta transição também foram examinadas. Para a realização deste estudo foi implementada uma metodologia de abordagem quantitativa com o objetivo de validar nossa hipótese. A população em estudo incluiu alunos matriculados nos quatro cursos de bacharelado oferecidos pela Faculdade de Comércio e Administração de Victoria. Desta população foi selecionada uma amostra aleatória de 334 estudantes. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de questionário estruturado composto por 35 itens. A análise de confiabilidade, avaliada através do índice alfa de Cronbach, obteve valor de 0,739, indicando alta confiabilidade nos resultados obtidos. Este estudo considerou a percepção dos estudantes universitários em seis dimensões principais, tendo em conta as condições de infraestrutura, conectividade e conhecimento nas diversas plataformas, que influenciam o processo de ensino-aprendizagem: i. participação acadêmica, ii. qualidade educacional, iii. incorporação tecnológica, iv. apoio acadêmico, v. competências digitais e vi. flexibilidade acadêmica.

Resumen El objetivo de esta investigación es explorar, desde la perspectiva de los estudiantes de una universidad pública estatal que utiliza el modelo por competencias, los desafíos y oportunidades claves derivados de la adopción de herramientas digitales en el contexto de un modelo educativo en línea surgido como respuesta a la pandemia por covid-19. Para ello, se implementó una metodología de enfoque cuantitativo con el fin de validar la hipótesis planteada. La población objeto de estudio comprendió a los estudiantes inscritos en las cuatro licenciaturas ofrecidas por la Facultad de Comercio y Administración Victoria. A partir de esta población, se seleccionó una muestra aleatoria de 334 alumnos. La recopilación de datos se llevó a cabo mediante un cuestionario estructurados que consta de 35 ítems. El análisis de confiabilidad, evaluado a través del índice alfa de Cronbach, arrojó un valor de 0.739, lo que indica una alta confiabilidad en los resultados obtenidos. Este estudio consideró la percepción de los estudiantes universitarios en seis dimensiones clave, tomando en cuenta las condiciones de infraestructura, conectividad y conocimientos en diversas plataformas, las cuales influyen en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje: i) participación académica, ii) calidad educativa, iii) incorporación tecnológica, iv) apoyo académico, v) habilidades digitales y vi) flexibilidad académica.

A debate rages amongst educational technologists on keeping educational technology as a field of study, and non-educational technologists on defining educational technology as any usage of a technology in education. Since the emerging of the COVID-19, this debate has caused tension in higher education in terms of technology usage. This is because each of the two sides believes that its position in the debate represents an objective reality of quality educating. This tension has motivated this study to decolonise educational technology in a pragmatic curriculum based on scholarly publications published during or post the COVID-19 revolution. A pragmatic paradigm and the natural identity framework (NIF) were used to encase this study. A systematic review with text analysis and document review were applied in processing data from 15 purposively and conveniently sampled publications for this reported study. The findings indicate that most of the technology usage promoted a performance-based (field of study) and/or competence-based (solely technology usage) curriculum at the expense of the pragmatic or natural curriculum that promotes personal or natural identity. This suggests that higher education was only addressing professional needs in terms of "what" questions, and/or societal "how" questions. A pragmatic curriculum is driven by the importance of actions (educational technology as a field of study), beliefs behind the actions (pragmatic), and their outcomes (usage of a technology). This study therefore recommends the use of a pragmatic curriculum and awareness of natural forces/laws that promote natural actions, thus addressing personal needs through personal "who" questions, and natural needs through "why" questions.