RESUMO O pimentão, cultura de importância nutricional, destaca-se por seu valor de vitamina C. Diante da necessidade de práticas agrícolas sustentáveis, o estudo explorou o uso de biocarvões derivados de resíduos regionais como alternativa na cultura de pimentão. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de biocarvões provenientes de cama de frango, fibra de coco e palha de arroz, nas características biométricas e físico-químicas de frutos de pimentão verde, na produção de frutos por planta e na produtividade. A pesquisa foi conduzida em campo no delineamento em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 5 × 3 + 1, referentes a cinco doses de biocarvão (0, 3, 6, 9 e 12 t ha-1) e três tipos de biocarvão (fibra de coco, cama de aviário e palha de arroz) com quatro repetições, mais um tratamento adicional (adubação mineral). Foram avaliadas variáveis biométricas (comprimento e diâmetro dos frutos, espessura da casca, número de frutos, massa do fruto) e físico-químicas dos frutos (sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável, pH, vitamina C e teor de cinzas), produção e produtividade dos frutos. A produção de frutos de pimentão verde não foi influenciada pelos biocarvões, porém as doses de biocarvões influenciaram todas as variáveis analisadas com exceção da espessura da casca. Os teores de vitamina C e de sólidos solúveis foram maiores nos tratamentos com biocarvões e menores com adubação mineral. A maior influência na acidificação dos frutos foi com o biocarvão produzido com palha de arroz. nutricional destacase destaca se sustentáveis contexto objetivouse objetivou frango arroz físicoquímicas físico químicas casualizados 1 0, 0 (0 6 ha1 ha ha-1 repetições mineral . mineral) comprimento casca fruto titulável pH cinzas, cinzas , cinzas) ( ha-

ABSTRACT Bell pepper, a crop of nutritional importance, stands out for its vitamin C content. Given the need for sustainable agricultural practices, the present study explored the use of biochars derived from regional waste as an alternative in bell pepper cultivation. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of biochars from poultry litter, coconut fiber, and rice straw on the biometric and physicochemical characteristics of bell pepper fruits, on fruit production per plant and on fruit yield. The experiment was performed in the field in a randomized block design, in a 5 × 3 + 1 factorial scheme, referring to five doses of biochar (0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 t ha-1) and three types of biochar (coconut fiber, poultry litter, and rice straw) with four repetitions, plus an additional treatment (mineral fertilization). Biometric variables (fruit length and diameter, skin thickness, number of fruits, fruit mass) and physicochemical variables of the fruits (soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH, vitamin C, and ash content), production and yield of the fruits were evaluated. The production of bell pepper fruits was not influenced by biochars, but the doses of biochars influenced all variables analyzed with the exception of skin thickness. Vitamin C and soluble solids contents were higher in treatments with biochar and lower with mineral fertilizer. Biochar produced from rice straw had the greatest influence on fruit acidification. importance content practices cultivation context litter fiber design scheme 0, 0 (0 6 9 ha1 ha ha-1 repetitions fertilization. fertilization . fertilization) diameter thickness mass acidity pH content, , content) evaluated fertilizer acidification ( ha-

Abstract Introduction. Corn (Zea mays) is widely used in animal feed, either as grain, green fodder or silage. Objective. To evaluate the yield and nutritional quality of 6 Costa Rican corn varieties selected for grain production. Materials and methods. The study was conducted at 4 experimental sites (Aguas Zarcas, Turrialba, San Luis de Monteverde and Guápiles) between September and December 2018. At each site, a randomized complete block design with 4 replications and 8 treatments (6 varieties and 2 corn hybrids). Plant height was evaluated, Dry Mass (DM) production, chemical composition and in vitro DM digestibility at forage harvest were evaluated. Results. Plant height and DM production were affected by treatments. Yields of the Costa Rican DM varieties EJN2, Upiav-G6, Los Diamantes 8843 and JSáenz (12.7-14 t.ha-1) were similar to the forage hybrid CLTHY002 (13.5 t.ha-1). Only DM and CP content varied in the treatments. Conclusions. The Costa Rican corn varieties EJN2, Los Diamantes 8843, JSáenz and Upiav-G6, have potential to be used as a forage source for animal feeding because they achieved yields and nutritive values like those obtained with the hybrids selected by Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo (CIMMYT) for forage production.

Resumen Introducción. El cultivo de maíz (Zea mays) es ampliamente utilizado en la alimentación animal, tanto en forma de grano, como forraje verde o ensilaje. Objetivo. Evaluar la producción y calidad nutritiva de 6 variedades de maíces costarricenses seleccionados para la producción de grano. Materiales y métodos. El estudio se realizó en 4 sitios experimentales (Aguas Zarcas, Turrialba, San Luis de Monteverde y Guápiles) entre setiembre y diciembre del 2018. En cada sitio, se trabajó con un diseño de bloques completos al azar con 4 repeticiones y 8 tratamientos (6 variedades y 2 híbridos de maíces). Se evaluó la altura de la planta, la producción de materia seca (MS), la composición química y la digestibilidad in vitro de la MS a la cosecha de los forrajes. Resultados. La altura de la planta y la producción de MS fueron afectadas por los tratamientos. Los rendimientos de MS de las variedades costarricenses EJN2, Upiav-G6, Los Diamantes 8843 y JSáenz (12,7-14 t.ha-1) fueron semejantes al híbrido forrajero CLTHY002 (13,5 t.ha-1). Solamente el contenido de MS y PC varío entre los tratamientos. Conclusión. Las variedades de maíces costarricenses EJN2, Los Diamantes 8843, JSáenz y Upiav-G6, tienen potencial para ser utilizadas como fuente forrajera para la alimentación de rumiantes, ya que alcanzaron rendimientos y valores nutritivos semejantes a los obtenidos con los híbridos seleccionados por el Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo (CIMMYT) para la producción de forrajes.

Abstract New natural reducing agents with a lower negative impact on the environment and with a high antimicrobial potential are required for the process of obtaining silver nanoparticles through the chemical reduction method. The use of plant extracts can be a fast track in the formation of nanoparticles. In this case, organic compounds such as terpenes, flavonoids, enzymes, proteins, and cofactors present in plants act as reducing agents for nanomaterials. This research evaluated the antimicrobial property of silver nanoparticles from extracts of Crescentia cujete L. The presence of quercetin (flavonoid) was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC); the production of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was established by green synthesis; the size and morphology of the nanomaterials were evaluated by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The antimicrobial capacity was studied by two analysis methods: modified culture medium and surface seeding. The presence of quercetin (26.55 mg L-1) in the crude extract of Crescentia cujete L., identified by HPLC, was evidenced. Nanoparticle formation was spherical, with an average size of 250 ± 3 and 460 ± 6 nm. Microbiological cultures with treatment showed 94% microbial inhibition. It was concluded that the Crescentia cujete L., leaves shoed an acceptable concentration of quercetin to be used as a useful adjuvant to enhance the reduction of NPs synthesis. The nanoparticles produced by green synthesis proved to have a positive effect to combat pathogenic microorganisms. method case terpenes flavonoids enzymes proteins L flavonoid (flavonoid highperformance performance HPLC (HPLC) AgNPs (AgNPs SEM. SEM . (SEM) methods seeding 26.55 2655 26 55 (26.5 L1 1 L-1 evidenced spherical 25 46 nm 94 inhibition microorganisms (HPLC (SEM 26.5 265 2 5 (26. L- 4 9 26. (26 (2 (

Resumo Novos agentes redutores naturais com menor impacto negativo ao meio ambiente e com alto potencial antimicrobiano são necessários para o processo de obtenção de nanopartículas de prata, pelo método de redução química. O uso de extratos vegetais pode ser um caminho rápido na formação de nanopartículas. Nesse caso, compostos orgânicos como terpenos, flavonoides, enzimas, proteínas e cofatores presentes nas plantas atuam como agentes redutores dos nanomateriais. Esta pesquisa avaliou a propriedade antimicrobiana de nanopartículas de prata de extratos de Crescentia cujete L. A presença de quercetina (flavonoide) foi determinada por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (HPLC); a produção de nanopartículas de prata (AgNPs) foi estabelecida por síntese verde; o tamanho e a morfologia dos nanomateriais foram avaliadas dos por microscópio eletrônico de varredura (SEM). A capacidade antimicrobiana foi estudada por dois métodos de análise: meio de cultura modificado e semeadura em superfície. Foi evidenciada a presença de quercetina (26,55 mg L-1) no extrato bruto de Crescentia cujete L., identificada por HPLC. A formação das nanopartículas foi esférica, com tamanho médio de 250 ± 3 e 460 ± 6 nm. Culturas microbiológicas com tratamento mostraram 94% de inibição microbiana. Assim, concluiu-se que as folhas de Crescentia cujete L. apresentam uma concentração aceitável de quercetina para ser utilizada como um adjuvante útil para potencializar a redução da síntese de NPs. As nanopartículas produzidas pela síntese verde provaram ter um efeito positivo no combate a microrganismos patogênicos. química caso terpenos flavonoides enzimas L flavonoide (flavonoide HPLC (HPLC) AgNPs (AgNPs SEM. SEM . (SEM) análise superfície 26,55 2655 26 55 (26,5 L1 1 L-1 esférica 25 46 nm 94 microbiana Assim concluiuse concluiu se NPs patogênicos (HPLC (SEM 26,5 265 2 5 (26, L- 4 9 26, (26 (2 (

ABSTRACT: Surface contamination by pathogenic and deteriorating microorganisms is a constant concern in the food industry. Therefore, in this study we evaluated the antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), produced using the essential oil of Lippia origanoides Kunth and ethanolic extract of Hymenaea martiana Hayne, against bacteria used in milk processing. For this, AgNPs were synthesized and their antimicrobial activity was evaluated for minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations, time-kill, interference on the biofilm, and application on the surfaces of different materials. AgNPs showed bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 33591), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Choleraesuis (ATCC 10708), Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp.,andPseudomonas aeruginosa,and interfered with biofilm formation more than with consolidated biofilms. A 1hour period was sufficient to reduce the bacterial cells, whereas a Minimum Duration for Killing (MDK) of 99% was reached after approximately 30 min. AgNPs were effective against bacteria attached to stainless steel and polyethylene, but ineffective on tile surfaces. Thus, owing to the growing microbial resistance and the need to develop new products based on the concepts of green chemistry, these AgNPs are presented as a new possibility for cleaning processes in the food industry. ABSTRACT industry Therefore AgNPs, , (AgNPs) Hayne processing concentrations timekill, timekill time kill, kill time-kill materials ATCC 25923, 25923 25923) 33591, 33591 33591) 25922, 25922 25922) subsp 10708, 10708 10708) monocytogenes sppandPseudomonas spp andPseudomonas aeruginosaand aeruginosa biofilms hour cells MDK (MDK 99 3 min polyethylene Thus chemistry (AgNPs 2592 3359 1070 9 259 335 107 25 33 10 2 1

RESUMO: A contaminação de superfícies por micro-organismos patogênicos e deteriorantes é uma preocupação constante na indústria de alimentos. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana de nanopartículas de prata (AgNPs) produzidas utilizando óleo essencial de Lippia origanoides Kunth e extrato etanólico da Hymenaea martiana Hayne, frente a bactérias de importância na contaminação em áreas de processamento do leite. Para isso, as AgNPs foram sintetizadas e sua atividade antimicrobiana foi avaliada através das concentrações inibitória e bactericida mínimas, tempo de morte, interferência sobre o biofilme, e por fim, a sua aplicação sobre superfícies de diferentes materiais. As AgNPs apresentaram atividade bacteriostática e/ou bactericida frente à Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 33591), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Choleraesuis (ATCC 10708), Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. e Pseudomonas aeruginosa, e interferiram na formação do biofilme mais do que sobre o biofilme consolidado. O tempo de uma hora foi o suficiente para reduzir as populações bacterianas, enquanto o Minimum Duration for Killing MDK 99% foi atingido próximo a 30 minutos. As AgNPs foram eficientes contra bactérias aderidas ao inox e ao polietileno. Assim, tendo em vista a crescente resistência microbiana e o desenvolvimento de novos produtos baseados nos conceitos da química verde, essas nanopartículas de prata apresentam-se como uma nova possibilidade de uso nos processos de higienização da indústria de alimentos. RESUMO microorganismos micro organismos alimentos forma (AgNPs Hayne leite isso mínimas morte fim materiais eou ou ATCC 25923, 25923 , 25923) 33591, 33591 33591) 25922, 25922 25922) subsp 10708, 10708 10708) monocytogenes spp aeruginosa consolidado bacterianas 99 3 minutos polietileno Assim verde apresentamse apresentam se 2592 3359 1070 9 259 335 107 25 33 10 2 1

ABSTRACT Immature cowpea grains are a rich source of proteins, minerals, dietary fiber, and phenolic compounds and also have a high antioxidant capacity compared to dry grains. Its consumption promotes a healthy and diversified diet. The objective of this work was to evaluate the cooking time and chemical and mineral composition of the raw and cooked immature grains of different cowpea genotypes. Four genotypes, two elite lines (MNC00-595F-27 and MNC05-847B-123) and two commercial cultivars (BRSTumucumaque and Vagem Roxa-THE) were analyzed. Cooking time was evaluated using the Mattson cooker. Proximate composition and minerals were determined. A completely randomized design with three replications in factorial scheme 1 (genotype) × 2 (raw and cooked grains) was adopted, except for cooking quality. The genotypes MNC05-847B-123 and BRS-Tumucumaque differed from the other genotypes, presenting faster cooking of the immature grain. Cooking increased the moisture content and reduced ash, lipid, protein, and carbohydrates contents and total energy value. The lines MNC05-847B-123 and MNC00-595F-27 showed higher contents of the nutrients of the centesimal composition after cooking than the local cultivar Vagem Roxa-THE, except for the moisture content. The mineral content decreased after cooking, with Fe, Zn, and Mn contents having the least losses with thermal processing. The lines MNC05-847B-123 and MNC00-595F-27, even with losses after the thermal processing of the immature grain, have nutritional potential as cultivars for the green-bean market. proteins fiber diet MNC00595F27 MNCF MNC00 595F 27 MNC F (MNC00-595F-2 MNC05847B123 MNCB MNC05 847B 123 B BRSTumucumaque RoxaTHE Roxa THE Roxa-THE analyzed cooker determined genotype (genotype adopted quality MNC05-847B-12 BRS Tumucumaque grain ash lipid protein value MNC00-595F-2 RoxaTHE, THE, Fe Zn MNC00595F27, 27, greenbean green bean market MNC00595F2 MNC0 (MNC00-595F- MNC05847B12 12 MNC05-847B-1 MNC00-595F- MNC00595F (MNC00-595F MNC05847B1 MNC05-847B- MNC00-595F MNC05847B MNC05-847B

RESUMO Os grãos imaturos de feijão-caupi são uma rica fonte de proteínas, minerais, fibra alimentar e compostos fenólicos e também possuem alta capacidade antioxidante em comparação aos grãos secos. O seu consumo promove uma alimentação saudável e diversificada. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o tempo de cozimento e a composição química e mineral de grãos imaturos crus e cozidos de diferentes genótipos de feijão-caupi. Foram analisados quatro genótipos, duas linhagens elite (MNC00-595F-27 e MNC05847B-123) e duas cultivares comerciais (BRS-Tumucumaque e Vagem Roxa-THE). O tempo de cozimento foi avaliado utilizando-se o cozedor de Mattson. Foram determinados a composição centesimal e minerais. Adotou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado com três repetições em esquema fatorial 1 (genótipo) × 2 (grãos crus e cozidos), exceto para qualidade de cozimento. Os genótipos MNC05847B-123 e BRS-Tumucumaque diferiram dos demais genótipos, apresentando cozimento mais rápido do grão imaturo. O cozimento aumentou o teor de umidade e reduziu o teor de cinzas, lipídios, proteínas e carboidratos e o valor energético total. As linhagens MNC05-847B-123 e MNC00-595F-27 apresentaram teores de nutrientes da composição centesimal mais altos após o cozimento que a cultivar local Vagem Roxa-THE, exceto para o teor de umidade. O teor de minerais diminuiu após o cozimento, sendo que os teores de Fe, Zn e Mn tiveram as menores perdas com o processamento térmico. As linhagens MNC05-847B-123 e MNC00595F-27, mesmo com perdas após o processamento térmico do grão imaturo, apresentam potencial nutricional como cultivares para o mercado de feijão verde. feijãocaupi caupi secos diversificada feijãocaupi. caupi. MNC00595F27 MNCF MNC00 595F 27 MNC F (MNC00-595F-2 MNC05847B123 MNCB MNC05847B 123 B BRSTumucumaque BRS Tumucumaque RoxaTHE. RoxaTHE Roxa THE . Roxa-THE) utilizandose utilizando se Mattson Adotouse Adotou genótipo (genótipo cozidos, , cozidos) MNC05847B-12 imaturo cinzas lipídios total MNC05 847B MNC05-847B-12 MNC00-595F-2 RoxaTHE, THE, Roxa-THE Fe MNC00595F27, MNC00595F 27, MNC00595F-27 verde MNC00595F2 MNC0 (MNC00-595F- MNC05847B12 12 MNC05847B-1 MNC05-847B-1 MNC00-595F- MNC00595F-2 (MNC00-595F MNC05847B1 MNC05847B- MNC05-847B- MNC00-595F MNC00595F- MNC05-847B

Despite being responsible for many essential products in our daily lives, the chemical industries have not given proper attention to environmental issues for a long time. In the late 90’s, Green Chemistry (GC) emerged as a field of chemistry responsible for dealing with the relationship between the products used and their effects on human health and the environment. However, the employability of GC, in practice, is still incipient due to the little importance given to this field during the training of professionals. In Brazil, without a legislation that collaborates for its insertion, GC struggles to be part of the contents studied and the curricular matrices of higher education courses. This work aimed at revisiting the subject through an analysis of whether Brazilian higher educational institutions are working on disciplines related to Green Chemistry in their courses and how they are doing so. Based on the data obtained, it was noticed that this topic is more present in elective and theoretical disciplines, mainly for postgraduate and teaching training courses, taught predominantly in public institutions located substantially in the Southeast region. Although there are interesting proposals, the number of educational institutions that promote GC in their disciplines is still considered low. lives time 90s, 90s s 90 s, 90’s (GC environment However practice professionals Brazil insertion so obtained region proposals low 9

The article presents the importance of practice in teaching Organic Chemistry in higher education, in addition to doing it following the methods of Green Chemistry, in view of how chemistry is seen as a “villain” due to dangerous reactions and incorrect waste disposal toxic. In this work, three chalcones with different substituents were synthesized: an electron donor (OCH3), an electron withdrawer (NO2) and the unsubstituted one, through 4 different methodologies, the first being the traditional methodology (methodology A) and the following methodologies ecofriendly alternatives. Methods B and C through maceration (without solvent), modifying only the support (BaO and Al2O3, respectively) and finally (methodology D) through microwave irradiation. Method C proved to be as efficient as the traditional one, with the advantage of being carried out without solvent and in a shorter reaction time and could be a replacement for the traditional method. education villain “villain toxic work synthesized OCH3, OCH3 OCH , (OCH3) NO2 NO (NO2 one A alternatives solvent, solvent) BaO Al2O3 AlO Al O respectively D irradiation method (OCH3 (NO Al2O (OCH

AbstractLupinus synthesizes quinolizidine alkaloids (AQ) as a defense strategy against herbivores. These compounds have a wide variety of applications; however, it is necessary to have a sufficient amount of raw material to satisfy market needs. The species rich in these compounds are wild species, which limits the obtaining of the raw material. One of the strategies for obtaining raw material and producing secondary metabolites is the use of biotechnological tools such as plant tissue culture. In this work we report the characterization of germination, callus induction of Lupinus bilineatus and L. montanus and the characterization of in vitro growth and AQ production. The culture medium and seed scarification protocol allowed the germination of seeds of both species with percentages at 12 days of 100% for L. bilineatus and 74% for L. montanus. With respect to callus induction, a sweep of indolbutyric acid (2,4-D) and cinetin (CIN) concentrations was employed using leaf, stem and root as explants. The best response for callus induction for both species was presented using root with a combination of 2 mg L-1 of 2,4-D and 1 mg L-1 of CIN for L. bilineatus and 1 mg L-1 of 2,4-D and 0.5 mg L-1 of CIN for L. montanus, in both cases friable callus was obtained with two colorations: green and beige. Growth and AQ production were characterized for green callus, since AQ are synthesized in photosynthetic tissues. The growth kinetics shows a characteristic three-phase curve, an adaptation phase extending to day seven, the fastest growth phase and finally a senescence phase starting on day 18. AQ production was observed on day 21. This work contributes to the knowledge of germination behavior, the induction of dedifferentiated tissue and the growth and production of alkaloids in a callus culture in two species of Lupinus, L. montanus and L. bilineatus, both with potential in the chemical and agrochemical industry.

Resumen Lupinus sintetiza alcaloides quinolizidínicos (AQ) como estrategia de defensa en contra de herbívoros. Estos compuestos tienen una amplia variedad de aplicaciones; sin embargo, es necesario contar con la suficiente cantidad de materia prima para satisfacer las necesidades del mercado. Las especies ricas en estos compuestos son especies silvestres, lo que limita la obtención de la materia prima. Una de las estrategias para la obtención de materia prima y la producción de metabolitos secundarios es el uso de herramientas biotecnológicas como el cultivo de tejidos vegetales. En este trabajo se reporta la caracterización de la germinación, la inducción de callo de Lupinus bilineatus y L. montanus y la caracterización del crecimiento in vitro y producción de AQ. El medio de cultivo y el protocolo de escarificación permitieron la germinación de las semillas de ambas especies a los 12 días con porcentajes de 100% para L. bilineatus y de 74% para L. montanus. Con respecto a la inducción de callo, se empleó un barrido de concentraciones de ácido 2,4-diclorofenoxiacético (2,4-D) y cinetina (CIN) utilizando como explante cotiledón, hipocótilo y raíz. La mejor respuesta para la inducción de callo para ambas especies se presentó usando raíz con una combinación de 2 mg L-1 de 2,4-D y 1 mg L-1 de CIN para L. bilineatus y 1 mg L-1 de 2,4-D y 0.5 mg L-1 de CIN para L. montanus, en ambos casos se obtuvo callo friable con dos coloraciones: verde y beige. El crecimiento y la producción de AQ se caracterizaron para el callo verde, pues los AQ se sintetizan en tejidos fotosintéticos. La cinética de crecimiento muestra una característica curva de tres fases, una fase de adaptación que se alarga hasta el día siete, la fase de crecimiento más rápido y finalmente una fase de senescencia que inicia el día 18. La producción de AQ se observó el día 21. Este trabajo contribuye al conocimiento del comportamiento de la germinación, la inducción de tejido desdiferenciado y el crecimiento y producción de alcaloides en un cultivo de callo de dos especies de Lupinus, L. montanus y L. bilineatus, ambas con potencial en la industria química y de agroquímicos.

The objective of this work is to add the serious inconveniences that the pandemic brought with the social difficulties in education and health. Important institutions generated the 2030 Agenda that contains Sustainable Development Goals to be implemented in the period 2016-2030. These 17 objectives have been outlined to encompass the wide range of societal challenges, such as economic and environmental, that influence social communities (family, school). This work will focus on Sustainable Development Goals 3 and 4, respectively, which can only be met if citizens take into their hands the education that plays an important role in having a healthy life. This will consider the teaching and learning of sustainable chemistry in social contexts such as the classroom, the family, the links between students and teachers that cause diseases. The regrouping of students according to the work levels achieved during the crisis or the development of personalized proposals to intensify work processes is valid. This leads to living with decisions that will have good or bad results, which is why each region has different responses to the crisis experienced. health 203 20162030. 20162030 2016 2030. 2016-2030 1 challenges environmental family (family school. school . school) 4 respectively life classroom diseases valid results experienced 20 2016203 201 2016-203 2 201620 2016-20 20162 2016-2 2016-

In recent years, the Brazilian government has authorized several agricultural pesticides, increasing the possibility of pollution of different ecosystems and the food consumed by a large part of the population. The analytical determination of pesticides can be carried out using different techniques associated with various methods. Their development and validation have been based on obtaining better reliability, meeting the requirements of environmental legislation, and adapting to the principles of Green Chemistry. Thus, a chromatographic method was developed for the separation and determination of eight agricultural pesticides (aldicarb, ametrine, atrazine, bendiocarb, carbaryl, hexazinone, methiocarb, and methomyl) in compliance with Green Chemistry criteria, using ethanol as the mobile phase, which it is an ecologically less aggressive solvent. The developed method showed efficient separation and excellent results for green analysis metrics with high scores on the Eco-scale and good presentation in the National Environmental Methods Index (NEMI), Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI), and Analytical Greenness Calculator Metric (AGREE) pictograms. The validation parameters indicated the linearity of the method with good precision, selectivity, and sensitivity with detection and quantification limits in the ranges of 0.50 to 0.94 mg L–1 and 0.74 to 1.81 mg L–1, respectively. years population methods reliability legislation Thus aldicarb, aldicarb (aldicarb ametrine atrazine bendiocarb carbaryl hexazinone methiocarb methomyl criteria phase solvent Ecoscale Eco scale NEMI, NEMI , (NEMI) GAPI, GAPI (GAPI) AGREE (AGREE pictograms precision selectivity 050 0 50 0.5 094 94 0.9 L1 L 1 L– 074 74 0.7 181 81 1.8 respectively (NEMI (GAPI 05 5 0. 09 9 07 7 18 8 1.

Resumo A Química Verde (QV) emerge em consequência de uma série de discussões ambientais globais no final do século XX, preocupando-se com a minimização ou eliminação de resíduos gerados nas rotas sintéticas. Em razão dessa gênese, esse apelo marcadamente industrial e laboratorial tem resultado em uma lenta apropriação na área de ensino. Em 2018, o grupo CTS e Educação, do CEFET/RJ realizou um mapeamento de artigos sobre o ensino de QV no Brasil publicados até o 1º semestre de 2017 e constatou essa atuação incipiente. Sendo assim, com o objetivo de rever e atualizar esses dados até o 1º semestre de 2022, o presente trabalho apresenta os resultados de um novo mapeamento realizado a partir da análise de redes sociais. Os grafos expuseram um crescimento apreciável do número de publicações e instituições vinculadas nos últimos anos, salientando que o cenário brasileiro de publicações sobre o ensino de QV está em ascendência. Além disso, notou-se um avanço na relevância do enfoque CTS e da experimentação para a concretização da área. Por fim, Vânia Zuin e Carlos Alberto Marques consagraram-se mais uma vez como referências de autores, destacando-se, nos resultados atuais, os trabalhos de Marilei Sandri.

Abstract Green Chemistry (GC) emerged due to a series of global environmental discussions at the end of the 20th century, concerned with minimizing or eliminating waste generated in synthetic routes. Due to this genesis, this markedly industrial and laboratorial appeal has resulted in a slow appropriation in education. In 2018, the STS and Education group of CEFET/RJ mapped articles on GC teaching in Brazil published until the 1st semester of 2017 and found this incipient performance. Thus, to review and update this data until the 1st semester of 2022, the present work presents the results of a new mapping using social network analysis. The graphs exposed a noticeable growth in the number of publications and associated institutions in recent years, highlighting the rising Brazilian scenario of publications on GC teaching. Moreover, it was noted an advance in the relevance of STS approach and experimentation for the area realization. Finally, Vânia Zuin and Carlos Alberto Marques have established themselves once again as author references, highlighting, in the current results, the work of Marilei Sandri.

Resumen Las nanopartículas metálicas tienen una amplia gama de aplicaciones en los sectores de la salud, la electrónica, la óptica, el magnetismo, la biorremediación, la química y la ciencia de los materiales. Varios métodos utilizados para producir nanopartículas no son amigables con el medio ambiente, por lo que esta revisión destaca los beneficios del uso de extractos de plantas para preparar nanopartículas metálicas para investigar un método ecológico. Los extractos de plantas contienen metabolitos secundarios, incluyendo flavonoides, alcaloides, terpenoides, compuestos fenólicos, polisacáridos, aminoácidos y proteínas. Los compuestos presentes en los extractos pueden reducir los iones metálicos de sales y permitir la formación de nanopartículas. Se revisaron los fundamentos de la síntesis de nanopartículas in situ, se realizó una lista de varias plantas utilizadas, los mecanismos propuestos para la síntesis de nanopartículas y, finalmente, se abordaron las aplicaciones en varias áreas.

Abstract Metallic nanoparticles have a wide range of applications in health, electronics, optics, magnetism, bioremediation, chemistry, and materials science. Several methods used to produce nanoparticles are not friendly to the environment, so this review highlights the benefits of using plant extracts to prepare metallic nanoparticles to investigate an eco-friendly method. Plant extracts contain secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, phenolic compounds, polysaccharides, amino acids, and proteins. The compounds present in the extracts can reduce metal ions from salts and allow the formation of nanoparticles. The fundamentals of the in-situ nanoparticle synthesis were reviewed, a list of various plants used was made, the mechanisms proposed for nanoparticle synthesis, and finally, applications in several areas were addressed.

RESUMEN La generación de plástico a nivel mundial se ha incrementado a un ritmo descontrolado, donde el termoplástico que más aparece es el polietilentereftalato PET, debido a su uso en la industria alimenticia. En la actualidad, se manejan varias tecnologías para su adecuada disposición final. En los últimos años se ha fortalecido las tecnologías de reciclaje químico para obtener productos de interés industrial a partir de un residuo. En este sentido la hidrólisis es una técnica que busca la descomposición del PET, mediante un conjunto de reacciones químicas considerando factores como: tamaño de partícula del PET, catalizador, condiciones de reacción, composición del PET y demás. Para el estudio se utilizó dos dimensiones del plástico: 5mm x 5mm (T5mm) y 10mm x 10mm (T10mm), de plásticos de colores verde y violeta. El material obtenido se caracterizó por medio de espectroscopia infrarroja (FTIR) y prueba de solubilidad, corroborando la presencia de ácido tereftálico (TPA). El mejor resultado se obtuvo con la partícula “T5mm, verde”, con un rendimiento de 96,346%. Por lo tanto, mientras más pequeño sea el tamaño de la partícula, mayor será la probabilidad de que exista una interacción química entre la superficie de las partículas PET y la solución base.

ABSTRACT The generation of plastic worldwide has increased at an uncontrolled rate, where the thermoplastic that appears the most is polyethylene terephthalate PET, due to its use in the food industry. At currents, several technologies are currently used for their proper final disposal. In recent years, chemical recycling technologies have been strengthened to obtain products of industrial interest from waste. In this sense, hydrolysis is a technique that seeks the decomposition of PET, through a set of chemical reactions considering factors such as: PET particle size, catalyst, reaction conditions, PET composition and others. Two dimensions of plastic were used for the study: 5mm x 5mm (T5mm) and 10mm x 10mm (T10mm), of green and violet colored plastics. The material obtained was characterized by means of infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and solubility test, corroborating the presence of terephthalic acid (TPA). "T5mm, green" particle was the best result, with a yield of 96.346%. Therefore, the smaller the particle size, the higher the probability of chemical interaction between the surface of the PET particles and the base solution.

Resumen: En este estudio se evalúan las propiedades ópticas y electroconductoras de los oligómeros derivados del compuesto tiazolo[5,4-d]tiazol constituidos por 4, 6, 8, 10 y 20 unidades, respectivamente, mediante la teoría de los funcionales de la densidad (DFT) y funcionales de la densidad dependiente del tiempo (TD-DFT). Se calculan la brecha de energía prohibida (Eg), la afinidad electrónica (VAE), la energía de ionización (VIP), la dureza química y las propiedades ópticas como el espectro de emisión y osciladores de fuerza. Los espectros de emisión predichos muestran que la emisión del oligómero se registra con una intensidad alta dentro de la región visible correspondiente al verde en el espectro electromagnético. Se concluye que los oligómeros de tiazolo[5,4-d]tiazol son buenos candidatos para ser usados como material de transporte de carga o material emisor en el diseño de diodos orgánicos emisores de luz (OLED), debido a que muestran buenas propiedades de conducción eléctrica y de transporte de carga.

Abstract: This study assesses the optical and electroconductive properties of oligomers derived from the thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole compound consisting of 4, 6, 8, 10, and 20 units, respectively, by applying the density functional theory (DFT) and the time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT). Band gap (Eg), electron affinity (VAE), ionization energy (VIP), chemical hardness, and optical properties such as emission spectrum and force oscillators are calculated. The predicted emission spectra show that the oligomer’s emission is recorded with high intensity within the green visible light region of the electromagnetic spectrum. It is concluded that thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole oligomers are good candidates as charge transport material and as emitting material when designing organic light-emitting diodes (OLED) since they show appropriate emission properties, electrical conduction, and freight transport.

Abstract Cambuci (Campomanesia phaea) is a native fruit from the Atlantic Forest, one of the richest biomes in the world. The cambuci has soft and astringent pulp, green coloration and is characterized as an aromatic fruit. This is the first study that describes the quality evolution of cambucis during their ripening. Quality parameters were evaluated at three harvesting points: weight loss, pulp firmness, skin color, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid, total soluble sugars, total phenolic compounds, soluble and total tannins, respiratory activity, ethylene production, and volatile compound profiling. Fruit harvested in stages 1 somewhat rounded equatorial region) and 2 (increasingly rounded equatorial region) of ripening had two additional days of postharvest life. A decrease in firmness was observed over the days, demonstrating desirable pulp softening. No increase in ethylene production associated to respiratory peaks were observed. Volatile profile changed according to ripeness, and early harvested fruit was able to produce partially volatile compounds found in ripe fruit. Campomanesia phaea Forest world points loss color solids acidity acid sugars tannins activity profiling region increasingly life softening ripeness

Resumo O cambuci (Campomanesia phaea) é uma fruta nativa da Mata Atlântica, um dos biomas mais ricos do mundo. Este fruto possui polpa macia e adstringente, coloração verde e caracteriza-se por seu aroma agradável. Este é o primeiro estudo que descreve a evolução da qualidade de cambucis durante o amadurecimento. Os seguintes parâmetros de qualidade foram avaliados em três pontos de colheita: perda de massa, firmeza da polpa, cor da casca, sólidos solúveis totais, acidez titulável, ácido ascórbico, açúcares solúveis totais, compostos fenólicos totais, taninos solúveis e totais, atividade respiratória, produção de etileno e compostos voláteis. Frutos colhidos nos estádios 1 (região equatorial ligeiramente arredondada) e 2 (região equatorial mais arredondada) de maturação tiveram dois dias adicionais de vida pós-colheita. Observou-se diminuição da firmeza ao longo dos dias, demonstrando o desejável amolecimento da polpa. Não foi observado aumento na produção de etileno associado a picos respiratórios. O perfil volátil mudou de acordo com a maturação, e frutos colhidos precocemente foram capazes de produzir compostos parcialmente voláteis encontrados em frutos maduros. Campomanesia phaea Atlântica mundo adstringente caracterizase caracteriza se agradável amadurecimento colheita massa casca totais titulável ascórbico respiratória região arredondada póscolheita. póscolheita pós colheita. pós-colheita Observouse Observou respiratórios maduros