ABSTRACT The application of biostimulants in agriculture has been studied to increase production while using smaller physical spaces and agricultural inputs to increase sustainability in production systems. Despite the promising results, there is a need to study the effects of joint applications of these products, identifying possible interactions during crop development. Thus, this study aimed to verify the biostimulant potential of the isolated and combined use of nicotinamide and Azospirillum brasilense during the initial growth of pumpkin plants in hydroponic cultivation. A completely randomized design with six treatments and four replicates was performed. The treatments were composed by the combination of the application of nicotinamide (foliar) and A. brasilense (foliar or applied in the hydroponic solution). Treatments increased the gas exchanges, particularly the assimilation rate and carboxylation efficiency, being superior to the control treatment. However, for growth characteristics, the isolated application of nicotinamide favored the development of the shoot and, when combined with A. brasilense via foliar, increased root growth. Thus, the application of nicotinamide and A. brasilense alone or together enhances the growth and gas exchanges of pumpkin plants grown in a hydroponic system, especially when using foliar application of A. brasilense. Whereby its action can be referred to as a biostimulant effect. Furthermore, the application method affects the efficiency and compatibility of the products applied. Therefore, foliar application is recommended. systems results Thus cultivation performed solution. solution . solution) treatment However characteristics system effect Furthermore Therefore recommended

RESUMO A aplicação de bioestimulantes na agricultura tem sido estudada para aumentar a produção, utilizando menores espaços físicos e menos insumos agrícolas, visando aumentar a sustentabilidade nos sistemas de produção. Apesar dos resultados promissores, há necessidade de estudar os efeitos de aplicações conjuntas destes produtos, identificando possíveis interações durante o desenvolvimento da cultura. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo verificar o potencial bioestimulante do uso isolado e combinado de nicotinamida e Azospirillum brasilense durante o crescimento inicial de plantas de abóbora em cultivo hidropônico. Os tratamentos foram compostos pela combinação da aplicação de nicotinamida (foliar) e A. brasilense (foliar ou aplicada em solução hidropônica). Foi realizado um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos aumentaram as trocas gasosas, principalmente a taxa de assimilação e a eficiência de carboxilação, sendo superiores ao tratamento controle. Em complemento, para as características de crescimento, a aplicação isolada de nicotinamida favoreceu o desenvolvimento da parte aérea e, quando combinada com A. brasilense via foliar, aumentou o crescimento radicular. Assim, a aplicação de nicotinamida e A. brasilense isoladamente ou em conjunto potencializa o crescimento e as trocas gasosas de plantas de abóbora cultivadas em sistema hidropônico, principalmente quando se utiliza aplicação foliar de A. brasilense. Desta maneira, sua ação pode ser referida como efeito bioestimulante. Além disso, o método de aplicação afeta a eficiência e compatibilidade dos produtos aplicados, recomendando-se a aplicação foliar. produção agrícolas promissores cultura Assim hidropônico hidropônica. hidropônica . hidropônica) repetições carboxilação controle complemento radicular maneira disso aplicados recomendandose recomendando

Fresh, ready-to-eat produce is frequently irrigated with untreated water, making it a leading cause of food-borne illness outbreaks worldwide. This study investigated the presence of Listeria monocytogenes in fresh produce that was grown using river water. Standard biochemical tests were used for the identification of L. monocytogenes isolated from river water used for irrigation, and from fresh produce including lettuce, spinach, and pumpkin. The inlA gene of L. monocytogenes was molecularly identified using PCR amplification. The susceptibility of L. monocytogenes isolates to antimicrobial agents was assessed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The presence of the amplified inlA gene (800 bp) indicated that all of the fresh produce and river water samples were contaminated with virulent L. monocytogenes. Lettuce and spinach exhibited higher quantities of L. monocytogenes, with lettuce recording 87 CFU/g and spinach recording 71 CFU/g. The L. monocytogenes isolates from spinach and lettuce sources showed significant resistance to colistin (56.2% and 53.3%, respectively) as well as ampicillin (68.8% and 53.3%, respectively). Moreover, lettuce (40%) and spinach (31%) exhibited a common resistance pattern of AMP-CHL-CT-KAN-PIP-ERY-TET, with a maximum MAR index value of 0.54. Our research demonstrates the transmission of multidrug-resistant L. monocytogenes from irrigation river water to fresh produce. Hence, the ingestion of ready-to-eat fresh produce carries the potential for human listeriosis, particularly among individuals with compromised immune systems.

ABSTRACT The use of residues resulting from the processing of agricultural products is an widely studied topic, which is justified by the need to reduce costs and by the search for productive sustainability, which has as one of its principles the full use production, reducing waste and therefore increasing the amount of products extracted per unit of area. Residual seeds, resulting from the production of fruit pulps, are rich in nutrients and with the potential to be further improved by the application of germination, increasing the protein content and the content of bioactive compounds. However, in the germination process, the product acquires a high water content, requiring immediate drying and control of the water adsorption kinetics after dehydration. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the water adsorption isotherms of germinated seeds flours from pumpkins of three varieties at temperatures of 15, 25 and 35 °C, to obtain the most appropriate mathematical model to describe the hygroscopic behavior and to determine the thermodynamic properties of water adsorption, through the values of the integral isosteric heat, differential entropy, differential enthalpy and Gibbs free energy for the studied conditions. The GAB and Peleg models fit the experimental data well. With increasing water activity, there was a reduction in isosteric heat and entropy. The enthalpy-entropy compensation theory was confirmed. Gibbs free energy was negative for all temperatures, increasing with increasing equilibrium water content, demonstrating that it is a spontaneous process. topic sustainability area pulps compounds However process dehydration Therefore 15 2 3 C °C entropy conditions well activity enthalpyentropy confirmed 1

ABSTRACT. Food production in a sustainable way is based on the association between animals and vegetables to minimize costs, environmental impact, and the use of insums in the breeding process. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of pumpkin seed flour (Cucurbita pepo L.) in the diet on the performance of early-stage pigs and the reduction of endoparasites in a commercial rearing system. The experimental design was completely randomized, with three treatments and six replicates, and the experimental unit consisted of two animals, totaling 36 animals. The treatments were the basal diet and two levels of inclusion of pumpkin seed: 5 and 10%. The animals were of the Agroceres line, with 42 days of age and an average weight of 12 kg. The animals and rations were weighed at the beginning and at the end of the 35-day experimental period to obtain the performance variables. A bromatological analysis was performed to evaluate the composition of pumpkin seed and for parasitic analysis, feces were collected individually from the animal. There was no significant effect for the Tukey test at the level of 5% probability, of the inclusion of pumpkin seed flour on in the parameters of weight gain and feed conversion. Was observed the reduction of helminth eggs present in feces using egg count and oocysts per gram of feces (OPG), performed at the beginning and end of the experiment. It is indicated the inclusion of 10% of pumpkin flour in the feeding of pigs in the initial phase by reducing contamination by verminosis and does not alter animal performance. ABSTRACT costs impact process Cucurbita L. L earlystage early stage system randomized replicates 3 10 line 4 1 kg 35day day 35 variables probability conversion OPG, OPG , (OPG) experiment (OPG

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate morphoagronomic characteristics of different Cucurbita moschata (Duch) accessions from the Semiarid region of the Northeast of Brazil. Two experiments were conducted at the experimental field of the Bahia State University (Department of Technology and Social Sciences), Juazeiro, BA, Brazil, one from May to October 2021 and another from February to July 2022. Eighteen C. moschata accessions were evaluated in the first experiment, and 11 S1 progenies were evaluated in the second. Quantitative descriptors were analyzed in both experiments: fruit weight (FW; kg); fruit diameter (FD; cm); fruit length (FL; cm); fruit internal cavity diameter (FICD; cm); fruit internal cavity length (FICL cm); average of fruit skin thickness (AFST; mm); average of fruit flesh thickness (AFFT; mm); soluble solids content (SS; °Brix); 100-seed fresh weight (100SFW; g); 100seed dry weight (100SDW; g). Qualitative descriptors evaluated included fruit shape, fruit ribbing, skin color, flesh color, flesh texture, and skin texture. Significant differences were found for FW, FD, FL, FICD, FICL, AFST, AFFT, and SS in the first experiment, and or FD, FL, FICD, FICL, AFST, SS, and 100SDW in the second experiment. The results indicate genetic variability among accessions for quantitative and qualitative morphological fruit characteristics. Duch (Duch Brazil Department Sciences, Sciences , Sciences) Juazeiro BA 202 2022 C experiment 1 S FW (FW kg kg) FD (FD cm cm) FL (FL FICD (FICD FICL AFST (AFST mm mm) AFFT (AFFT (SS °Brix Brix °Brix) seed 100 100SFW SFW (100SFW g g) SDW (100SDW g. . shape ribbing color texture 20 10 2

RESUMO O trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar morfoagronômicamente diferentes acessos de abóbora (Cucurbita moschata Duch) do semiárido nordestino. Foram realizados dois experimentos, em campo experimental da Universidade do Estado da Bahia, no Departamento de Tecnologia e Ciências Sociais, em Juazeiro-BA, nos períodos de maio a outubro de 2021 e fevereiro a julho de 2022. No primeiro experimento foram avaliados 18 acessos de abóbora e no segundo 11 progênies S1. Foram analisados os descritores quantitativos para ambos os experimentos: massa do fruto (kg) - MF; diâmetro do fruto (cm) - DF; comprimento do fruto (cm) - CF; diâmetro da cavidade interna do fruto (cm) - DCIF; comprimento da cavidade interna do fruto (cm) - CCIF; espessura média da casca do fruto (mm) - EMCF; espessura média da polpa do fruto (mm) - EMPF; sólidos solúveis (°Brix) - SS; massa fresca de 100 sementes (g) - MF100S; massa seca de 100 sementes (g) - MS100S. Os descritores qualitativos estudados foram: formato do fruto, nervura do fruto, cor da casca, cor da polpa, textura da polpa e textura da casca. Observou-se diferenças significativas para a MF, DF, CF, DCIF, CCIF, EMCF, EMPF e SS no primeiro experimento. Já para o segundo experimento houve uma diferença significativa para o DF, CF, DCIF, CCIF, EMCF, SS e MS100S. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam a variabilidade genética dos diferentes acessos para as características morfológicas dos frutos, tanto as quantitativas como as qualitativas. Cucurbita Duch nordestino experimentos Bahia Sociais JuazeiroBA, JuazeiroBA Juazeiro BA, BA Juazeiro-BA 202 2022 1 S1 S kg (kg MF cm (cm DF CF DCIF CCIF mm (mm EMCF °Brix Brix (°Brix 10 g (g MF100S MFS MS100S MSS MS Observouse Observou se frutos qualitativas 20 2

Resumen Las casas de semillas criollas son espacios colectivos que juegan un papel importante en el semiárido brasileño. Mapear y conocer la diversidad de materiales en casas de semillas en la región de Cariri Cearense es necesario para comprender los impactos y ventajas de esta tecnología social, además de permitirnos definir estrategias para fortalecer estos espacios. El objetivo de este trabajo fue mapear casas de semillas criollas en Cariri Cearense y analizar la diversidad de materiales que se guardan en ellas. Para esto, las casas de semillas fueron registradas y mapeadas en toda la región de Cariri usando georreferenciación para producir mapas usando la herramienta de análisis espacial QGIS 3.26. A partir de visitas, observaciones y recopilación de información sobre diversidad de semillas, se identificaron 13 casas de semillas activas, la mayoría presentes en la región central, donde se concentran comunidades agrícolas organizadas y se cuenta con el apoyo de instituciones socias en la gestión y estructuración de estas casas. . Hubo una gran diversidad de semillas almacenadas en las casas semilleras estudiadas, siendo las principales especies el frijol, el maíz, las habas, el arroz, el ajonjolí y la calabaza. brasileño social ellas esto 326 3 26 3.26 visitas 1 activas central estudiadas frijol maíz habas arroz calabaza 32 2 3.2 3.

Abstract Creole seed houses are collective spaces that play an important role in the Brazilian semi-arid region. Mapping and knowing the diversity of materials in seed houses in the region of Cariri Cearense is necessary to understand the impacts and advantages of this social technology, as well as allowing us to define strategies to strengthen these spaces. The aim of this work was to map Creole seed houses in Cariri Cearense and analyze the diversity of materials kept in them. For this, the seed houses were registered and mapped throughout the Cariri region using georeferencing to produce maps using the QGIS 3.26 spatial analysis tool. Based on visits, observations and collection of information regarding seed diversity, 13 active seed houses were identified, most of them present in the central region, where organized agricultural communities are concentrated and there is support from partner institutions in the management and structuring of these houses. There was a great diversity of seeds stored in the studied seed houses, with beans, corn, fava beans, rice, sesame and pumpkin being the main species. semiarid semi arid technology 326 3 26 3.2 tool visits 1 identified beans corn rice species 32 2 3.

Resumo As casas de sementes crioulas são espaços coletivos que têm um papel importante na região do semiárido brasileiro. Mapear e conhecer a diversidade de materiais nas casas de sementes da região do Cariri Cearense é necessário para compreender os impactos e vantagens desta tecnologia social, como também permite perceber e definir estratégias de fortalecimento desses espaços. Objetivou-se com este trabalho realizar o mapeamento e compreender as formas de criação das casas de sementes crioulas do Cariri Cearense e analisar a diversidade de materiais mantidos nelas. Para isso, as casas de sementes foram cadastradas e mapeadas em toda região do Cariri com uso do georreferenciamento para produção de mapas por meio da ferramenta de análise espacial QGIS 3.26. Com base em visitas, observações e coleta de informações quanto a diversidade de sementes, foram identificadas 13 casas de sementes ativas, sendo a maioria delas presente na região central, local onde se concentram comunidades agrícolas organizadas e existe suporte de instituições parceiras na gestão e estruturação dessas casas. Observou-se grande diversidade de sementes armazenadas nas casas de sementes estudadas, sendo feijão, milho, fava, arroz, gergelim e jerimum as principais espécies. brasileiro social Objetivouse Objetivou nelas isso 326 3 26 3.26 visitas 1 ativas central Observouse Observou estudadas feijão milho fava arroz espécies 32 2 3.2 3.

Resumo Uma das pragas mais comuns das palmeiras é o gorgulho vermelho da palmeira, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier. Cinco dietas artificiais foram avaliadas para criar RPW e facilitar seus estudos comportamentais e biológicos. O desenvolvimento de R. ferruginus foi estudado nas dietas artificiais testadas baseadas principalmente em pedaços de caule de cana-de-açúcar (1ª dieta; controle), abóbora-doce (2ª dieta), cana-de-açúcar + abóbora-doce (3ª dieta), batata-doce (4ª dieta) e cana-de-açúcar moída + batata-doce (5ª dieta) em sala de criação (28 ± 1 °C e 75 ± 5 UR%) na Faculdade de Agricultura do distrito de Benha. Os aspectos biológicos, pré-oviposição, oviposição, durações de larvas e pupas, a longevidade de machos e fêmeas adultos e o período de geração de R. ferrugineus foram todos estimados. Além disso, o impacto dessas dietas artificiais nas quantidades de proteínas totais, carboidratos e lipídios foi determinado nas larvas adultas. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o inseto manifestou os menores períodos larval e pupal e a maior longevidade para machos e fêmeas quando a criação de R. ferruginus ocorreu em uma dieta artificial à base de batata-doce como uma forma bem-sucedida e econômica para a criação massal do gorgulho vermelho da palmeira em condições de laboratório. Larvas alimentadas com a dieta 4 (batata-doce) foram as que apresentaram a menor duração (114,80 dias), enquanto a 1ª dieta (pedaços de caule de cana-de-açúcar) foi a que apresentou o maior período (125,00 ± dias). Da mesma forma para a pupação e longevidade de machos e fêmeas, os períodos mais curtos resultaram da alimentação das larvas na 4ª dieta (14,65, 49,40 e 48,0 dias, respectivamente). Ao contrário, o período pupal mais longo foi relatado com a 5ª dieta (15,70 dias). A maior porcentagem de eclodibilidade dos ovos (96,53%) resultou da criação de larvas de R. ferruginus na 4ª dieta. As análises químicas das larvas adultas indicaram que os maiores teores de carboidratos totais (45,57 µg/g), lipídios (28,46 µg/g) e proteínas (20,01µg/g) foram obtidos no caso de larvas criadas na 1ª e 4ª dietas, respectivamente. Consequentemente, o desenvolvimento dos estádios de R. ferruginus foi ligeiramente menor tanto na 1ª quanto na 4ª dieta artificial. Assim, ambas foram dietas artificiais bem-sucedida e econômica para o desenvolvimento de RPW em condições de laboratório. Portanto, este estudo adicionou ingredientes alternativos valiosos para preparar substrato alimentar mais prático e econômico para a criação do gorgulho para auxiliar na proposta de seu manejo e conservação em plantações de palmeiras.

Abstract One of the most common palm pests is the red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier. Five artificial diets were evaluated to rear RPW, and to facilitate its behavioral and biological studies. The developmental of R. ferruginus was studied on the tested artificial diets based on primarily composed of sugarcane stem pieces (1st diet; control), sweet pumpkin (2nd diet), ground sugarcane + sweet pumpkin (3rd diet), sweet potato (4th diet) and ground sugarcane + sweet potato (5th diet) under rearing room (28 ± 1 °C and 75 ± 5 RH%) at Faculty of Agriculture in Benha district. The biological aspects, pre-oviposition, oviposition, larval & pupal durations, the longevity of male and female adults and the generation period of R. ferrugineus have all been estimated. Moreover, the impact of these artificial diets on the quantities of total proteins, carbohydrates and lipids were determined in the full-grown larvae. Obtained results showed that the insect manifested the shortest larval and pupal periods and the longest longevity for males and females when rearing of R. ferruginus took place on an artificial diet based on sweet potato as a successful and economical for mass rearing of the red palm weevil under laboratory conditions. Larvae fed on diet 4 (sweet potato) was exhibited the shortest duration (114.80 days), while 1st diet (Sugarcane stem pieces) was recorded the longest period (125.00 ± days). Similarly for pupation and both male and female longevity, the shortest periods resulted from larvae feeding on 4th diet (14.65, 49.40 and 48.0 days, respectively). Contrariwise, the longest pupal period was reported with 5th diet (15.70 days). The highest of eggs hatchability % (96.53%) resulted from the rearing nof R. ferruginus larvae on the 4th diet. Chemical analyses of the full-grown larva were indicated that the highest contents of total carbohydrates (45.57 µg/g), lipids (28.46 µg/g) and proteins (20.01µg/g) were obtained in case of larvae reared on 1st and 4th diets, respectively. Consequently, the development of R. ferruginus stages was slightly lower on both 1st and 4th artificial diets. So that, both of them were a successful and economic artificial diet for RPW development under laboratory conditions. Therefore, this study added valuable alternative ingredients to prepare more practical and economical feeding substrate for weevil rearing to help for proposal of its management and conservation in palm plantations.

Abstract Amylases, crucial in various industries such as food, textile, and biofuels, require optimized production and biochemical characterization. Thus, this study aimed to produce amylases from Rhizopus sp. I 1.2.1, characterize the cultivation conditions and the synthesized enzyme. The fungus was molecularly identified with 99.06% homology in the LSU gene, 98.08% identity in the ITS region, and placed phylogenetically closer to Rhizopus arrhizus CBS 112,07. The LSU gene and ITS region sequences were deposited in GenBank. The CP medium was optimal for amylase production by Rhizopus arrhizus, with peak activity on the 6th day. Supplementation with urea significantly increased amylolytic activity by 110-fold. CP salts outperformed other salts in enzyme production, achieving a maximum amylase activity of 15.5 U/ml. The pH 6.0 was optimal for amylase production, with higher specific activity at pH 5.0. Pumpkin peel and pineapple peel were the best carbon sources for amylase production with an amylolytic activity of 18 and 16 U/mL, respectively. The amylase production showed a significant increase when pineapple peel was used in the presence of glucose 0.5% showing an activity of 22.4 U/mL, representing a 1.5- and 1.6-fold increase over the control. The optimal reaction of the amylase was observed at pH 6.0 and 60 °C. The enzyme remained stable for 240 minutes at 50-55 °C and at pH 4.0-7.0. Amylase was inhibited by glucose concentration and certain salts, but EDTA and K2SO4 increased activity by 25%. These results suggest industrial potential based on residual carbon source use, cultivation conditions, and crude enzyme stability. Amylases food textile biofuels characterization Thus sp 121 1 2 1.2.1 9906 99 06 99.06 9808 98 08 98.08 11207 112 07 112,07 GenBank th day 110fold. 110fold fold 110 fold. 110-fold 155 15 5 15. Uml U ml U/ml 6 0 6. 50 5.0 UmL mL U/mL respectively 05 0.5 224 22 4 22. 1.5 1.6fold 16fold 1.6 control C 24 5055 55 50-5 4.07.0. 4070 4.0 7.0. 7 4.0-7.0 KSO K SO K2SO 25 25% use stability 12 1.2. 990 9 99.0 980 98.0 1120 11 112,0 5. 0. 1. 6fold 505 50- 4.07.0 407 40 4. 70 7.0 4.0-7. 1.2 99. 98. 112, 4.07. 7. 4.0-7 4.07 4.0-

The purpose of the study was to calculate the effects of urban untreated wastewater irrigation on the heavy metals accumulation in vegetable samples consisting turnip (Brassica rapa), radish (Raphanus sativus), spinach (Spinacia olerácea), pumpkin (Cucúrbita moschata), cabbage (Brassica oleracea capitata), onion (Allium cepa), smooth luffa (Luffa aegyptiaca), coriander (Coriandrum sativum), vegetable gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) and carrot (Daucus carota subsp. sativus). This was accomplished by monitoring waste as well as fresh water-irrigated agricultural fields of Lakki Marwat, Pakistan. Flame atomic absorption spectrometer (FAAS) was used to assess the concentrations of these heavy metals. The concentration of a total of six metals including iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) were detected and quantified in vegetable samples. Concentration of Pb was very low, while Fe concentration was higher in all the samples under investigation in the waste water-irrigated vegetables. The highest concentrations of Zn were observed in onion (441.3±2.7 mg.kg-1), and smooth luffa (293.1±0.5 mg.kg-1). Onion (361.95±2.3 mg.kg-1), turnip (292.15±5.6 mg.kg-1) and Spinach (280.25±4.8 mg.kg-1) showed exceedingly higher concentrations of Fe. Daily intakes of metals (DIM) were calculated for both adults as well as children. The DIM values for Ni and Cd exceeded the recommended value. The concentration of Fe and Zn was higher in wastewater-irrigated area samples as compared to fresh water-irrigated vegetables. The data obtained displayed a trend of heavy metal Fe>Zn>Cu>Ni>Cd>Pb. Our findings have demonstrated the accumulation of heavy metals in the vegetables irrigated by the wastewater as confirmed by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy.

Resumen Investigaciones anteriores han estudiado los efectos del extracto de Cucurbita pepo sobre el crecimiento acuático y los parámetros sanitarios. El presente estudio pretende investigar los efectos de los extractos de C. pepo sobre algunos factores sanguíneos e índices de crecimiento de la trucha arco iris, así como la resistencia de los peces a Yersinia ruckeri. Se seleccionaron al azar 750 truchas arco iris, con un peso medio de 40-120 g. Se calculó la cantidad diaria de alimento necesaria en función del peso de los peces y de la temperatura del agua. Se calcularon los índices de recuento de glóbulos blancos (RGB), glóbulos rojos (RGR) y linfocitos. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó el programa SPSS versión 26. Los resultados indicaron que había una diferencia significativa entre los grupos experimental y de control en el caso de tasa de crecimiento específica, índice de conversión, y tasa de supervivencia, así como, en los parámetros hematológicos, incluyendo RGB y RGR, pero no hubo diferencia significativa entre los dos grupos en el número de linfocitos de trucha arco iris (P>0.05). El extracto de C. pepo fue eficaz sobre los niveles de IgM y lisozima de la trucha arco iris, y hubo una diferencia significativa entre los dos grupos (P<0.05). El extracto de C. pepo fue eficaz sobre la tasa bactericida de la trucha arco iris y hubo una diferencia significativa entre los dos grupos (P<0.05). Los resultados de este estudio proporcionan una nueva perspectiva sobre el uso del extracto de semilla de calabaza (C. pepo) como planta medicinal para mejorar los parámetros hematológicos, los marcadores de crecimiento y la respuesta inmune de la trucha arco iris (Oncorhynchus mykiss).

Abstract Previous research has studied the effects of Cucurbita pepo extract on aquatic growth and health parameters. The present study aims to investigate the effects of C. pepo extracts on some blood factors and growth indices of rainbow trout, as well as the resistance of fish to Yersinia ruckeri. A total of 750 rainbow trout, with an average weight of 40-120 g, were randomly selected. The daily amount of feed required was calculated as a function of fish weight and water temperature. The indices of white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), and lymphocyte counts were calculated. SPSS version 26 was used for statistical analysis. The results indicated that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the case of SGR, FCR, and SR, as well as, in hematological parameters, including WBC and RBC, but there was no significant difference between the two groups in the number of rainbow trout lymphocytes (P>0.05). C. pepo extract was effective on rainbow trout IgM and lysozyme levels, and there was a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). C. pepo extract was effective on the bactericidal rate of rainbow trout and there was a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). The results of this study provide a new perspective on the use of pumpkin seed (C. pepo) extract as a medicinal plant to improve hematological parameters, growth markers and immune response of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).

Abstract Introduction: knowledge about the availability of regional raw materials, together with socio-technological and educational strategies, are useful for an optimal supply of nutrients in the diet. The objective of this study was to identify local raw materials and by-products from the central Chaco region that could be useful to cover nutritional deficiencies during the complementary feeding stage. Materials and method: for this purpose, an instrument was designed to survey the productive referents about the type and destination of agricultural activity, geographical location, description of production, availability, technological processes, and production capacity/volume, among others. The products were analysed according to their contribution of critical nutrients for children aged 6 to 24 months (calcium, iron, vitamins A, D, and E) using chemical composition tables and a bibliographic search. The technical data sheet designed had 4 sections and 29 items: General Data (8 items), Agriculture, Livestock, and By-products (7 each). Results: 50 local producers supplied the department of Comandante Fernández. It was observed that the main activity in the region was agriculture, representing 32%; of these, 78% of the production corresponded to vegetables and 22% to seasonal fruits. This was followed by mixed activities at 26% and the production of by-products at 22% (63 different types). To a lesser extent, livestock and other activities accounted for 12% and 8%, respectively. Possible nutrient sources were identified such as pumpkins and sweet potatoes (vitamin A), chard and angola pumpkin (vitamin E), egg yolk, beef and blood sausage (iron), cheese, ricotta, arugula and chard (calcium), egg (vitamin D). Conclusion: it is concluded that the region has a variety of local products as primary sources of critical nutrients for direct consumption and technological development of possible formulations.

Resumen Introducción: el conocimiento acerca de la disponibilidad de materias primas regionales, junto con estrategias socio-tecnológicas y educativas, resultan útiles para un aporte óptimo de nutrientes en la dieta. El objetivo del estudio fue identificar las materias primas y subproductos locales de la región centro chaqueña, que podrían resultar útiles para cubrir deficiencias nutricionales durante la etapa de alimentación complementaria. Materiales y método: se diseñó un instrumento para encuestar a los referentes productivos acerca del tipo y destino de la actividad agropecuaria, ubicación geográfica, descripción de la producción, disponibilidad, procesos tecnológicos, capacidad/volumen de producción, entre otros. Se analizaron los productos en función de su aporte en nutrientes críticos para niños de 6 a 24 meses (calcio, hierro, vitaminas A, D y E) mediante tablas de composición química y búsqueda bibliográfica. La ficha técnica diseñada contó con 4 secciones y 29 ítems: datos generales (8 ítems), agricultura, ganadería y subproductos (7 cada una). Resultados: se trabajó con 50 productores locales que abastecían el departamento Comandante Fernández. Se observó que la principal actividad en la región fue la agricultura, representando un 32%; de éstos, el 78% de la producción correspondió a vegetales y el 22% a frutas de estación. Le siguieron las actividades mixtas en un 26% y la elaboración de subproductos en un 22% (63 tipos diferentes). En menor proporción, se encontró la actividad ganadera y otras actividades representando un 12% y 8%, respectivamente. Se identificaron como posibles alimentos fuentes de nutrientes al zapallo y batata (vitamina A), acelga y zapallo angola (vitamina E), yema de huevo, carne vacuna y morcilla (hierro), quesos, ricota, rúcula y acelga (calcio), huevo (vitamina D). Conclusiones: se concluye que la región cuenta con variedad de productos locales como fuentes primarias de nutrientes críticos para el consumo directo y desarrollo tecnológico de posibles formulaciones.

Abstract The objective of this work was to quantify either physical and chemical attributes of the whole along with grounded seeds from Castilla pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne) and bitter pumpkin (Apodanthera undulata A. Grey). The parameters data for whole seeds of both pumpkin varieties were; physical dimensions, internal friction, external friction and particle size, while for their ground compound were; electric conductivity, soluble protein, total protein, carbohydrates, oil concentration and main minerals. Collected data is fundamental for generating technology for the productive processes and an aid for more efficient use of the entire organic mass, when new raw matter is obtained for separate processing areas, to diversify readily consumption produce and increasing productivity of agroindustrial mechanization. It was concluded that pumpkin crop raised all over this farming region offers an opportunity to build up agroindustrial innovative and technological processes. A comprehensive use of seeds with their skin has a significant advantage on the food industry. Therefore, the physical and chemical attributes are responsible for the selection of technical mechanization for the industrial swap processes, as well as all required gear and feedstock like water, minerals, energy and others within the add value chain to the original organic matter.

Resumen El objetivo de este trabajo fue medir parámetros; tanto físicos como químicos de semillas enteras y molidas de la calabaza de castilla (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne) y de la calabaza hedionda (Apodanthera undulata A. Grey). Para ambas variedades de calabaza, los parámetros y rangos de variabilidad fueron; dimensiones físicas, fricción interna, fricción externa, tamaño de partículas; en la harina, conductividad eléctrica, proteína soluble, proteína total, carbohidratos, concentración de aceite y principales minerales. Esta información es esencial en la generación de tecnologías para los procesos productivos y coadyuva a usar la masa orgánica más completa para generar materia prima para diferentes sectores productivos, diversificar productos de consumo e incrementar la productividad de la mecanización agroindustrial. Se concluye que el cultivo de calabaza en la región de estudio ofrece la oportunidad de intensificar procesos tecnológicos e innovadores de carácter agroindustrial. El uso integral de la semilla con cascara tiene impacto productivo en la industria agroalimentaria. Por eso las características físicas y químicas son determinantes en la selección de la mecanización técnica para los procesos de transformación y en el equipamiento e insumos como agua, minerales, energía, entre otros de la cadena de valor agregado a la masa orgánica.

Abstract Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus ‘Servantes’) is a popular and economically cut flower widely used in the florist industry. However, post-harvest senescence occurs in a few days and limits the cut carnation flowers’ commercialization. Therefore, this research was performed to investigate the impact of essential oils such as tea tree oil (TTO), pumpkin seed oil (PSO), Moringa seed essential oils (MEO), and Eucalyptus oils (EEO), as eco-friendly preservative solutions to enhance the quality and longevity of carnation flowers. Carnation cut flowers were submitted to different concentrations (250 and 500 mg L-1) of each essential oil used in the vase solution and the experiments were carried out as a completely randomized design in three replicates. The findings revealed that the longest vase life and the maximum total water solution uptake in cut carnation were achieved when treated with either TTO or PSO oil at 500 mg L-1 in solution preservative as compared to the control (distilled water). While the highest relative fresh weight was observed at 500 mg L-1 PSO, the highest chlorophyll a, b, total carotenoids, total sugar, total phenolic content in leaves, anthocyanin content, and enzyme activity in petals at 500 mg L-1 TTO and PSO. Additionally, all treatments of selected oils have positively declined the bacteria activity compared to control. Also, the lowest bacteria growth on third day with 500 mg L-1 TTO and PSO. However, observing a prim state of xylem vessels with TTO 500 mg L-1and PSO 500 mg L-1, comparable with distilled water, the application of essential oil in this study as a natural preservative in preservative solution as an alternative to chemicals could be of environmental value and great economic. Dianthus ‘Servantes Servantes ‘Servantes’ industry However postharvest post harvest commercialization Therefore TTO, , (TTO) (PSO) MEO, MEO (MEO) EEO, EEO (EEO) ecofriendly eco friendly 250 (25 50 L1 L 1 replicates L- water. . water) b carotenoids sugar leaves Additionally Also L1and Land 1and L1, 1, economic (TTO (PSO (MEO (EEO 25 (2 5 2 (

Resumo O cravo (Dianthus caryophyllus ‘Servantes’) é uma flor e corte popular e economicamente viável, amplamente utilizada na indústria florística. Apesar disso, a senescência pós-colheita ocorre em poucos dias, sendo um problema limitante na comercialização de flores de cravos cortadas. Assim, realizou-se a pesquisa para investigar o impacto de óleos essenciais como o óleo de árvore de chá (TTO), óleo de semente de abóbora (PSO), óleos essenciais de semente de Moringa (MEO), e óleos de Eucalipto (EEO), como soluções conservantes ecologicamente corretas para melhorar a qualidade e a longevidade das flores de cravo. As flores de cravo cortadas foram submetidas a diferentes concentrações (250 e 500 mg L-1) de todos os óleos essenciais utilizados na solução de vaso. Os resultados revelaram que a maior vida útil de vaso e a máxima absorção total da solução pelo cravo cortado ocorreu nos tratamentos com óleo TTO ou PSO a 500 mg L-1 na solução conservante em comparação com o controle (água destilada). Enquanto o maior peso relativo fresco indicado com 500 mg L-1 PSO, a maiores valores de clorofila a e b, carotenóides totais, açúcares totais, conteúdo fenólico total nas folhas, conteúdo de antocianina e atividade enzimática em pétalas tratadas com 500 mg L-1 de (TTO) e (PSO). Além disso, todos os tratamentos de óleos atuaram diminuindo a atividade bacteriana em comparação com o controle. Também, o menor crescimento bacteriano ocorreu no terceiro dia com o uso 500 mg de L-1 TTO e PSO. Entretanto, observando um estado primário de vasos de xilema de hastes tratadas com 500 mg L-1 de TTO e 500 mg L-1 de PSO, comparando com água destilada, a aplicação do óleo essencial neste estudo como conservante natural em solução conservante como alternativa aos produtos químicos pode ser de grande valor ambiental e econômico. Dianthus ‘Servantes Servantes ‘Servantes’ viável florística disso póscolheita pós colheita dias Assim realizouse realizou se TTO, , (PSO) MEO, MEO (MEO) EEO, EEO (EEO) 250 (25 50 L1 L 1 L- destilada. destilada . destilada) b totais folhas (TTO Também Entretanto econômico (PSO (MEO (EEO 25 (2 5 2 (

SUMMARY: Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the drugs necessary for the treatment of the 10 most common types of cancer. The leading adverse effect limiting clinical use of DOX is cardiotoxicity. Given that literature data indicate a protective role of carotenoids in doxorubicin-induced toxicity, in our study we compared the cardioprotective effect of a mixture of pumpkin carotenoids and a commercially available antioxidant preparation. Animals were distributed in 8 groups (Control - S; NADES - N; Doxorubicin - Dox; Carotenoids - Car; CardiofortIN - CF; NADES-Doxorubicin - N-Dox; Carotenoids-Doxorubicin - Car-Dox; CardiofortIN-Doxorubicin - CF-Dox). Histological sections were stained with the hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and analyzed for the presence of myocardial damage by doxorubicin damage score (DDS). From the heart tissue homogenate were determined the intensity of lipid peroxidation and specific antioxidative enzyme activity (superoxide dismutase; catalase; glutathione S-transferase; glutathione peroxidase). In Car-DOX and CF-DOX groups, lipid peroxidation is significantly reduced compared to DOX group. Pretreatment of animals with carotenoids and in lesser extent with CardiofortIN led to higher antioxidative enzymes activity, compared to DOX group. Pretreated with carotenoids, only 50 % of animals had some degree of myocardial damage, and no animals had extensive damage. CardiofortIN pretreatment showed less protective effect. Pretreatment with carotenoid extract, reduced DDS significantly, so Car-DOX group has changes equivalent to mild myocardial damage. Although CardiofortIN pretreatment lowered DDS score values, animals still had moderate level of myocardium damage. This in vivo study and its findings indicate that carotenoids extracted from pumpkin may be a promising cardioprotective agent against doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity, at least in part mediated through inhibition of DOX-induced oxidative stress.

RESUMEN: La doxorrubicina (DOX) es uno de los fármacos necesarios para el tratamiento de los 10 tipos más comunes de cáncer. El principal efecto adverso que limita el uso clínico de DOX es la cardiotoxicidad. Debido a que los datos de la literatura indican un papel protector de los carotenoides en la toxicidad inducida por doxorrubicina, en nuestro estudio comparamos el efecto cardioprotector de una mezcla de carotenoides de calabaza y una preparación antioxidante disponible comercialmente. Los animales se distribuyeron en 8 grupos (Control - S; NADES - N; Doxorrubicina - Dox; Carotenoides - Car; CardiofortIN - CF; NADES-Doxorrubicina - N-Dox; Carotenoides-Doxorrubicina - Car-Dox; CardiofortIN- Doxorrubicina - CF-Dox). Las secciones histológicas se tiñeron con hematoxilina-eosina (HE) y se analizaron para detectar la presencia de daño miocárdico mediante la puntuación de daño por doxorrubicina (DDS). A partir del homogeneizado de tejido cardíaco se determinó la intensidad de la peroxidación lipídica y la actividad enzimática antioxidante específica (superóxido dismutasa, catalasa, glutatión S-transferasa, glutatión peroxidasa). En los grupos Car-DOX y CF-DOX, la peroxidación lipídica se redujo significativamente en comparación con el grupo DOX. El pre tratamiento de los animales con carotenoides y, en menor medida, con CardiofortlN condujo a una mayor actividad de las enzimas antioxidantes, en comparación con el grupo DOX. Al ser pre tratados con carotenoides, solo el 50 % de los animales tenían algún grado de daño miocárdico y ningún animal tenía daño extenso. El pre tratamiento con CardiofortIN mostró un efecto protector menor. El pre tratamiento con extracto de carotenoides redujo significativamente el DDS, por lo que el grupo Car-DOX mostró cambios equivalentes a un daño miocárdico leve. Aunque el pre tratamiento con CardiofortIN redujo los valores de la puntuación DDS, los animales aún tenían un nivel moderado de daño al miocardio. Este estudio in vivo y sus hallazgos indican que los carotenoides extraídos de la calabaza pueden ser un agente cardioprotector prometedor contra la cardiotoxicidad inducida por doxorrubicina, al menos en parte mediada por la inhibición del estrés oxidativo inducido por DOX.

ABSTRACT Objective: To prospectively analyze changes in the frequency of individual food consumption of adults/elderly people according to different food insecurity outcomes over time. Methods: Population-based longitudinal study carried out in 2011 (358 individuals) and 2014 (301 individuals) in a municipality in the northeastern semi-arid region. The frequency of food consumption of 37 foods in adults/elderly was assessed using the Food Frequency Questionnaire and food insecurity using the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale. Differences in the proportion of frequency of consumption of each food at baseline (2011) and follow-up (2014) were calculated according to longitudinal categories of change in food insecurity. The McNemar test for paired samples was applied to estimate differences between 2011 and 2014. Results: Among the individuals studied, 38.9% and 30.6% were classified in food security and food insecurity in the two periods (2011 and 2014), respectively, and 23.2% changed from food insecurity in 2011 to food security in 2014. Increase in the frequency of food consumed in the three groups of food insecurity outcomes. Only in the food insecurity group at both times, an increase in the consumption frequency of soft drinks and industrialized juices was observed. In the three groups, when comparing 2011 and 2014, there was an increase in the consumption of local agricultural foods, such as mangoes, sweet potatoes and a decrease in the consumption of pumpkin. Conclusion: Overcoming food insecurity results in positive changes in food consumption, and seasonality is a factor that promotes and limits food consumption. Objective adultselderly adults elderly time Methods Populationbased Population based 201 358 (35 301 (30 semiarid semi arid region 3 Scale followup follow up (2014 Results studied 389 38 9 38.9 306 30 6 30.6 (201 , 2014) respectively 232 23 2 23.2 times observed mangoes pumpkin Conclusion 20 35 (3 38. 30. (20 23. ( (2

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar prospectivamente mudanças na frequência do consumo alimentar individual de adultos/idosos segundo diferentes desfechos de insegurança alimentar no tempo. Métodos: Estudo longitudinal de base populacional realizado em 2011 (358 indivíduos) e 2014 (301 indivíduos) em um município do semiárido nordestino. Foi avaliada a frequência de consumo alimentar de 37 alimentos em adultos/idosos por Questionário de Frequência Alimentar e a insegurança alimentar pela Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar. Foram calculadas as diferenças na proporção da frequência de consumo de cada alimento no baseline (2011) e follow-up (2014) segundo categorias longitudinais de mudança na insegurança alimentar. Foi aplicado o teste de McNemar para amostras pareadas para estimar diferenças entre 2011 e 2014. Resultados: Dentre os indivíduos estudados, 38,9% e 30,6% foram classificados em segurança e insegurança alimentar nos dois tempos (2011 e 2014), respectivamente, e 23,2% mudaram da insegurança alimentar em 2011 para segurança alimentar em 2014. Houve aumento na frequência dos alimentos consumidos nos três grupos de desfechos da insegurança alimentar. Apenas no grupo insegurança alimentar nos dois tempos, observou-se aumento na frequência alimentar de refrigerantes e sucos industrializados. Nos três grupos, ao comparar 2011 e 2014, houve aumento no consumo de alimentos da vocação agrícola local, como manga, batata-doce e diminuição do consumo de jerimum/abóbora. Conclusão: A superação da insegurança alimentar resulta em mudanças positivas no consumo de alimentos, e a sazonalidade é um fator promotor e limitante do consumo de alimentos. Objetivo adultosidosos adultos idosos tempo Métodos 201 358 (35 301 (30 nordestino 3 followup follow up (2014 Resultados estudados 389 38 9 38,9 306 30 6 30,6 (201 , 2014) respectivamente 232 23 2 23,2 observouse observou se industrializados local manga batatadoce batata doce jerimumabóbora jerimum abóbora jerimum/abóbora Conclusão 20 35 (3 38, 30, (20 23, ( (2