RESUMEN El propósito de la investigación es examinar los sistemas de planificación y sus mecanismos regulatorios para entender cómo se organizan y regulan, ya sea parcial o completamente, dependiendo de la organización para lograr la consecución de objetivos. Las aportaciones teóricas de la investigación se centran en la conceptualización de la teoría de sistemas. El aporte metodológico se basa en el desarrollo de un esquema secuencial y lógico con la aplicación de un dendrograma de variables, que permite eliminar superposiciones entre el conjunto de conceptos analizados. Las conclusiones de la investigación permiten comprobar que las organizaciones son entidades dinámicas y cambiantes que se ven inevitablemente impactadas por el entorno en el que operan; además las instituciones funcionan sinérgicamente desde puntos de vista interrelacionados e interdependientes.

ABSTRACT The purpose of the research is to examine planning systems and their regulatory mechanisms to understand how they are organized and regulated, either partially or completely, depending on the organization to achieve the attainment of objectives. The theoretical contributions of the research are centered on the conceptualization of systems theory. The methodological contribution is based on the development of a sequential and logical scheme with the application of a dendrogram of variables, which allows eliminating overlaps between the set of concepts analyzed. The conclusions of the research show that organizations are dynamic and changing entities that are inevitably impacted by the environment in which they operate; in addition, institutions function synergistically from interrelated and interdependent points of view.

ABSTRACT This research analyzes the level of satisfaction of public financing programs for the strengthening of Technological Innovation processes in Paraguayan companies: Case of the DETIEC Program (Technological Development, Innovation and Conformity) Assessment of Council National Science and Technology (CONACYT). This study is descriptive and not experimental, a mixed methodology has been used, which combines a qualitative and quantitative analysis. Likert scale surveys have been used, as well as questionnaire guides for the interview with technicians from the DETIEC program, where among the most important results it has been observed that the beneficiary companies have been able to train their Human Capital, as well as link up with foreign companies. and improve its production on the other hand, among the weaknesses, the lack of trained collaborators to submit proposals to government entities to compete for public funds stands out.

RESUMEN Este trabajo de investigación tiene por finalidad analizar el nivel de satisfacción de los programas públicos de financiamiento para el fortalecimiento de los procesos de Innovación Tecnológica en las empresas paraguayas: Caso del Programa DETIEC (Desarrollo Tecnológico, Innovación y Evaluación de la Conformidad), del Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT). Este estudio es de carácter descriptivo y no experimental, se ha utilizado una metodología mixta, la cual combina un análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo. Se han utilizado encuestas en escala Likert, y también cuestionario guías para la entrevista a técnicos del programa DETIEC, donde se han observado entre los resultados más importantes se destacan que las empresas beneficiarias han podido capacitar a su Capital Humano, así como vincularse con empresas extranjeras y mejorar su producción, por otra parte, entre las debilidades se resalta la falta de colaboradores capacitados para postular propuestas a entes del Gobierno para concursar a fondos públicos.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Overactive bladder is characterized by overactivity of the detrusor and causes urge urinary incontinence. Accidents at work have a negative impact on the health of workers and consequently on the productivity of companies and the global economy. The worker and his/her family members are entitled to compensation for damage resulting from it. The responsibility for the repair and other charges arising from accidents at work lies with the employer, who is obliged to transfer it to entities legally authorized for this purpose (insurance companies). Case Report: In this clinical case, an accident at work is described in a 57-year-old woman, an operational assistant at a public health institution. The victim suffered a fall on a wet floor, which resulted in a rupture of the adductor muscles of the thighs, with aggravation of a pre-existing pathology (surgically corrected stress urinary incontinence). A few years after the accident, the victim underwent a new urogynecological surgical intervention at the insurance company, with worsening of existing stress incontinence and emergence of urge urinary incontinence, having developed, in this context, overactive bladder. Discussion/Conclusion: In this case report, the insurance company recognized the causal link between the accident at work and the injuries that developed. The consequences of this accident go beyond the work sphere, with an impact on the quality of life, leisure and sexual dimension of the worker. The reparation of damage by work accidents in Portugal focuses essentially on the loss of earning capacity. Occupational health services play a key role both in the prevention of accidents at work and in the follow-up of victims after returning to work. Occupational physicians and insurance companies play a key role in professional reintegration, so their communication and bonding should be strengthened.

RESUMO Introdução: A bexiga hiperativa caracteriza-se por hiperatividade do detrusor e ocasiona incontinência urinária de urgência. Os acidentes de trabalho têm um impacto negativo na saúde dos trabalhadores e consequentemente na produtividade das empresas e economia global. O trabalhador e os seus familiares têm direito à reparação dos danos emergentes. A responsabilidade pela reparação e demais encargos decorrentes cabe ao empregador, que é obrigado a transferi-la para entidades legalmente autorizadas para o efeito (seguradoras). Caso Clínico: Neste caso clínico descreve-se um acidente laboral numa trabalhadora de 57 anos, assistente operacional de uma instituição pública de saúde. A sinistrada sofreu queda em piso molhado, que resultou em rotura dos músculos adutores das coxas, com agravamento de patologia pré-existente (incontinência urinária de esforço corrigida cirurgicamente). Alguns anos após o acidente, a sinistrada foi submetida a nova intervenção cirúrgica uro-ginecológica na seguradora, com agravamento da incontinência de esforço já existente e surgimento de incontinência urinária de urgência, tendo desenvolvido, nesse contexto, bexiga hiperativa. Discussão/Conclusão: No caso clínico em questão, foi reconhecido pela companhia de seguros o nexo de causalidade entre o sinistro ocorrido e as lesões desenvolvidas. As consequências ultrapassam a esfera laboral, com impacto na qualidade de vida, lazer e dimensão sexual da trabalhadora. A reparação por acidentes de trabalho em Portugal incide essencialmente na perda da capacidade de ganho. Os serviços de saúde ocupacional têm um papel fundamental tanto na prevenção dos acidentes, como no acompanhamento dos sinistrados após regresso ao trabalho. O médico do trabalho e as companhias de seguro têm um papel fundamental na reintegração profissional, pelo que a sua comunicação e vínculo devem ser reforçados.

Abstract Agribusiness, a cornerstone of Brazil’s economic sectors, wields considerable political clout through entities like the Frente Parlamentar da Agropecuária (Parliamentary Agricultural Front; FPA), a potent force in the country’s Congress and appears to be the main driver of the anti-environmental lobby. The FPA sought to influence labour, land and tax legislation and was an important ally of Jair Bolsonaro’s administration, aligning closely with the former president’s agenda of environmental deregulation, which mirrored the economic priorities of agribusiness interests. However, the imperative to maintain a favourable public perception of the agricultural sector is evident in various communication strategies, including the deployment of paid advertisements on online platforms. In this sense, the objective of this research is to scrutinise the potential presence of greenwashing and/or disinformation within the 158 advertisements disseminated by the FPA on Facebook and Instagram throughout 2023. Using Meta’s Ad Library interface, we collected the advertisements and employed three complementary analytical approaches. These methodologies enabled us to identify and interpret the discursive tactics employed by the FPA to “enhance the image of agriculture”: automatic word counting and cooccurrence analysis, content analysis and discourse analysis. The advertisements analysed show that Brazilian agribusiness uses sustainability as a form of greenwashing and disinformation in its online communication efforts. The FPA’s digital advertising uses these discursive strategies to vilify social movements advocating for land reform and instigate fear regarding legal uncertainties surrounding property rights. Our findings indicate that these advertisements advocate for the preservation of the current socio-economic landscape in the Brazilian rural area while propagating denialism regarding the environmental impacts of agribusiness.

Resumo O agronegócio, um dos principais setores econômicos do Brasil, compõe uma das mais poderosas forças políticas no congresso do país, a Frente Parlamentar da Agropecuária (FPA), e aparece como o principal impulsionador do lobby anti-ambiental. A FPA busca incidir sobre a legislação trabalhista, fundiária e tributária e foi uma importante aliada do Governo de Jair Bolsonaro, uma vez que a agenda de desmonte ambiental do ex-presidente ia ao encontro dos interesses econômicos do agronegócio. No entanto, a necessidade de garantir uma imagem positiva do setor se reflete em diversas estratégias de comunicação, inclusive na veiculação de anúncios pagos nas plataformas online. Nesse sentido, a presente pesquisa pretende analisar a possível presença de greenwashing e/ou desinformação nos 158 anúncios publicados pela FPA no Facebook e Instagram durante o ano de 2023. Após coletarmos os anúncios na interface da Biblioteca de Anúncios da Meta, adotamos três abordagens complementares de análise que nos permitiram identificar e interpretar as estratégias discursivas empregadas pela FPA para “melhorar a imagem do agro”: contagem automática de palavras e análise de coocorrência entre elas, análise de conteúdo e análise de discurso. Nos anúncios analisados, a sustentabilidade é instrumentalizada pelo agronegócio brasileiro como greenwashing e desinformação em sua comunicação publicitária online. Essas estratégias discursivas são utilizadas na publicidade digital da FPA para criminalizar os movimentos sociais que lutam por uma reforma agrária e para disseminar pânico sobre inseguranças jurídicas relacionadas ao direito à propriedade. De uma forma geral, nossos resultados mostram que os anúncios defendem a necessidade de manutenção do status quo das relações socioeconômicas no campo brasileiro e promovem negacionismo em relação aos impactos ambientais do agronegócio.

Abstract Social Health Organizations (SHOs) are private entities that receive resources from governments for the management of public healthcare services. With the history of market interest in public health and the high volume of resources transferred to SHOs, one must question if the market logic continues to be inserted in this management model. The understanding of the dynamics of providing healthcare services to the population in the different contracts may help to understand how possible changes in the contracted services may have an influence. This is a descriptive-exploratory study using quantitative and qualitative approaches. Documental research was conducted through the collection of data from management contracts and amendments. The State of São Paulo was chosen because of its economic representativeness and for being the pioneer state in the implementation of SUS services managed by SHO. Medical specialties were included in 184 renegotiations (6.14%) and excluded in 187 (6.24%), whereas non-medical services were included in 26 renegotiations (2.97%) and excluded in 144 (16.44%). Regarding examinations, 101 renegotiations (18.07%) had their goals increased and 60 (10.73%) reduced, while 6 renegotiations (1.07%) included exams and 12 (2.14%) excluded them. SHOs (SHOs model influence descriptiveexploratory descriptive exploratory approaches amendments SHO 18 6.14% 614 14 (6.14% 6.24%, 624 6.24% , 24 (6.24%) nonmedical non medical 2 2.97% 297 97 (2.97% 16.44%. 1644 16.44% . 16 44 (16.44%) examinations 10 18.07% 1807 07 (18.07% 10.73% 1073 73 (10.73% reduced 1.07% 107 1 (1.07% 2.14% 214 (2.14% them 6.14 61 (6.14 62 6.24 (6.24% 2.97 29 9 (2.97 164 16.44 4 (16.44% 18.07 180 0 (18.07 10.73 7 (10.73 1.07 (1.07 2.14 21 (2.14 6.1 (6.1 6.2 (6.24 2.9 (2.9 16.4 (16.44 18.0 (18.0 10.7 (10.7 1.0 (1.0 2.1 (2.1 6. (6. (6.2 2. (2. 16. (16.4 18. (18. 10. (10. 1. (1. (6 (2 (16. (18 (10 (1 ( (16

Resumo As organizações sociais de saúde (OSS) são entidades privadas que recebem repasses de governos para gestão de serviços públicos de saúde. Com o histórico de interesses mercadológicos na saúde pública e o aporte de vultosos recursos às OSS, questiona-se se a lógica de mercado permanece inserida nesse modelo de gestão. Conhecer a dinâmica da oferta de serviços à população ao longo das contratações pode ajudar a compreender como se comportam as possíveis alterações nos serviços contratados. Trata-se de estudo descritivo-exploratório com abordagens quanti e qualitativa. Realizou-se pesquisa documental com coleta de dados dos contratos de gestão e termos aditivos. A escolha pelo estado de São Paulo se deu por este ter sido pioneiro na implantação da gestão de serviços do SUS por OSS e pela sua representatividade econômica. Especialidades médicas foram incluídas em 184 repactuações (6,14%) e excluídas em 187 (6,24%), enquanto as não médicas foram incluídas em 26 repactuações (2,97%) e excluídas em 144 (16,44%). Quanto aos exames, 101 repactuações (18,07%) aumentaram metas e 60 (10,73%) reduziram, enquanto 6 repactuações (1,07%) incluíram exames e 12 (2,14%) excluíram. (OSS questionase questiona contratados Tratase Trata descritivoexploratório descritivo exploratório qualitativa Realizouse Realizou aditivos econômica 18 6,14% 614 14 (6,14% 6,24%, 624 6,24% , 24 (6,24%) 2 2,97% 297 97 (2,97% 16,44%. 1644 16,44% . 16 44 (16,44%) 10 18,07% 1807 07 (18,07% 10,73% 1073 73 (10,73% reduziram 1,07% 107 1 (1,07% 2,14% 214 (2,14% excluíram 6,14 61 (6,14 62 6,24 (6,24% 2,97 29 9 (2,97 164 16,44 4 (16,44% 18,07 180 0 (18,07 10,73 7 (10,73 1,07 (1,07 2,14 21 (2,14 6,1 (6,1 6,2 (6,24 2,9 (2,9 16,4 (16,44 18,0 (18,0 10,7 (10,7 1,0 (1,0 2,1 (2,1 6, (6, (6,2 2, (2, 16, (16,4 18, (18, 10, (10, 1, (1, (6 (2 (16, (18 (10 (1 ( (16

Abstract The National Institute of Biodiversity of Costa Rica (INBio), the first institution of its kind worldwide, was created in 1989 as a civil society organization, with the mission of promoting greater awareness of the value of biodiversity, to achieve its conservation and promote human development. It operated within the framework of a national biodiversity conservation strategy consisting of three types of actions: “save, know and use”, forming a publicprivate alliance with the National System of Conservation Areas, whose work represented the first step of “saving”. INBio focused on the generation of scientific knowledge of Costa Rican biodiversity (knowing) and the search and promotion of its intelligent use (using). This article describes the genesis of the institution and its main contributions to the knowledge and use of Costa Rican biodiversity between 1989-2015. These include the results of the protected areas biodiversity inventory process and the development of the largest systematic collection of biological specimens in the country’s history, fully systematized; the development of an information management system that integrated all the information from the inventory and the specimens in its collection in digital format, allowing global access to this information or its correlation with that of other sources. The results of promoting and facilitating the use of information through five programs: Natural Sciences and Conservation Biology, for scientific purposes; Bioliteracy and Education, conceptually designed for the teaching and development of awareness about the value of biodiversity; Bioprospecting, the systematic search for economic uses of biodiversity for medicinal, agricultural and industrial purposes; Conservation for Development, the use of the information for wild areas conservation purposes, surrounding communities or nature tourism, among others; Technical Assistance and Training, program in charge of assisting public and private entities, inside and outside the country, in the development of initiatives in which Biodiversity was the central element. The main results of its work and the national and international awards that INBio received for its innovative approaches and contributions are described, as well as the financial and political reasons why INBio discontinued its activities in the period 2015-2016 are summarized. Viewing the work of INBio as a first stage, the importance and need to continue with a state program on the knowledge and use of Costa Rican biodiversity is raised, in addition to its protection, with the goal of creating awareness of its value before the serious threats to life on Earth.

Resumen El Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad de Costa Rica (INBio), la primera institución en su género en el mundo, fue creado en 1989 como una organización de la sociedad civil, con la misión expresa de promover una mayor conciencia del valor de la biodiversidad, para lograr su conservación y fomentar el desarrollo humano. En el marco de una estrategia nacional de conservación de la biodiversidad consistente en tres tipos de acciones: “salvar, conocer y utilizar”, se conformó una alianza público-privada con el Sistema Nacional de Áreas de Conservación, cuya labor representó el primer paso de “salvar”. El INBio se centró en la generación de conocimiento científico de la biodiversidad costarricense (el “conocer”) y en la búsqueda y promoción de su uso inteligente (el “usar”). Este artículo describe la génesis de la institución y sus principales aportes al conocimiento y la utilización de la biodiversidad costarricense en el período 1989-2015. Estos incluyen los resultados del proceso de inventario de la biodiversidad de las áreas protegidas y el desarrollo de la colección sistemática de especímenes biológicos más grande en la historia del país, totalmente sistematizada; el desarrollo de un sistema de manejo de información que integró en formato digital toda la información del inventario y de los especímenes de su colección, permitiendo el acceso global a estos datos o su correlación con la de otras fuentes. Los resultados de la promoción y la facilitación del uso de la información se lograron mediante cinco programas: Ciencias Naturales y Biología de la Conservación, con fines científicos; Bioalfabetización y Educación, conceptualmente diseñados para la enseñanza y el desarrollo de la conciencia del valor de la biodiversidad; Bioprospección, la búsqueda sistemática de usos económicos de la biodiversidad para fines medicinales, agrícolas e industriales; Conservación para el Desarrollo, el empleo de la información para la conservación de áreas silvestres, comunidades circunvecinas o turismo naturalista, entre otros; y Asistencia Técnica y Capacitación, programa encargado de asistir a entidades públicas y privadas, dentro y fuera del país, en el desarrollo de iniciativas en que la biodiversidad fuera el elemento central. Se describen los principales resultados de su labor y los reconocimientos nacionales e internacionales que el INBio recibió por sus novedosos enfoques y aportes, al igual que se resumen las razones de carácter financiero y político por las cuales el INBio descontinuó sus actividades en el período 2015-2016. Vista la labor del INBio como una primera etapa, se plantea la importancia y necesidad de continuar con un programa estatal sobre el conocimiento y uso de la biodiversidad costarricense, en adición a su protección, con el fin último de que exista conciencia de su valor ante las serias amenazas para la vida en el planeta.

Resumen El uso de armas de fuego provenientes de naciones extranjeras es determinante en la ampliación y aumento de resultados mortales en la dinámica de seguridad latinoamericana. Este documento busca explorar los debates teóricos existentes respecto a este tema en el marco del derecho internacional público. Se propone como hipótesis que, aunque existen elementos de soft law en el derecho internacional público, la implementación de una respuesta jurídico-institucional estaría sostenida únicamente a través del derecho a la seguridad colectiva, el cual no ha sido completamente definido en el derecho internacional. El texto propone que el deber de garantía de los Estados también se relaciona con las responsabilidades de las personas jurídicas de derecho privado en su deber de respetar la normativa, tanto nacional como internacional. Por lo tanto, cualquier esfuerzo futuro para controlar el flujo de armamento implica respuestas coordinadas e intraestatales para otorgar niveles de obligatoriedad al Derecho Internacional.

Abstract The use of firearms from foreign nations is a determining factor in the expansion and increase of lethal results in Latin American security dynamics. This paper seeks to explore the existing theoretical debates on this issue within the framework of public international law. It is proposed as a hypothesis that, although there are elements of soft law in public international law, the implementation of a legal-institutional response would be sustained only through the right to collective security, which has not been fully defined in international law. The text proposes that the duty of guarantee of states also relates to the responsibilities of private law legal persons in their duty to respect both national and international law. Therefore, any future effort to control the flow of armaments implies coordinated and intrastate responses to make international law binding.

Abstract Dairy production in Ecuador is a source of economic income for many small and medium producers, however the lack of technical advice leads to problems in the quality of milk, and affects their production volume. The purpose of this investigation was to conduct a pilot plan to improve the quality of milk produced by 57 small producers from different parishes of the cantons of Quito, Rumiñahui and San Miguel de los Bancos in the province of Pichincha, through a training plan in good milking practices and feeding strategies. Two initial samplings were carried out (between October and November 2021) prior to the training, and two final samplings (in June 2022) to measure the impact of the training. A total of 1.273 samples were collected, of these only 4.02 % (52/1273) (of the samples) complied with the reference values of the national regulations, while 95.98 % (1243/1273) did not comply with any of the evaluated parameters; however, the vast majority of the milk is suitable for human consumption, yet its nutritional quality needs to be improved. We were able to reduce considerably (although not statistically) the somatic cell count (SC, from an initial average of 623530 CS ml-1 to 365660 CS ml-1 after training, being correlated with the significant increase in the percentage of lactose between the initial and final sampling; there were also significant differences in the percentage of fat and total solids, although in these two cases their values decreased after training (fat from 2.58 % in the initial sampling to 2.10 % in the final sampling and total solids of 11, 44 % to 11.00 %);showed no significant differences between samples. It is concluded that the training was beneficial since the considerable decrease in the somatic cell count increased the volume of milk production of the small producers, and therefore their economic income. For the rest of the parameters, it is recommended to reinforce training in nutrition, feeding, pasture management, etc., in order to increase their values, as well as to maintain constant training programs for producers, supported by academia, private and public entities.

Resumen La producción láctea en Ecuador es una fuente de ingresos económicos para muchos pequeños y medianos productores; sin embargo, la falta de asesoría técnica conlleva a que tengan problemas en la calidad de la leche y se vea afectado su volumen de producción, por lo que la presente investigación tuvo como finalidad realizar un plan piloto para el mejoramiento de la calidad de leche producida por 57 pequeños productores de diferentes parroquias de los cantones Quito, Rumiñahui y San Miguel de los Bancos de la provincia de Pichincha, mediante un plan de capacitación en buenas prácticas de ordeño y estrategias de alimentación. Se realizaron 2 muestreos iniciales (entre octubre y noviembre de 2021), previo a la capacitación, y 2 muestreos finales (en junio de 2022) para medir el impacto de estas. Se recolectaron 1.273 muestras, donde solamente el 4,02 % (52/1.273) de las mismas, cumplen con los valores referenciales de la normativa nacional, mientras que el 95,98 % (1.243/1.273) no cumple con alguno de los parámetros evaluados; sin embargo, la gran mayoría de dicha leche sí es apta para el consumo humano, pero requiere ser mejorada en su calidad nutricional. Se logró disminuir considerablemente (aunque no estadísticamente) el conteo de células somáticas, de un promedio inicial de 623.530 CS ml-1 a 365.660 CS ml-1 luego de la capacitación, siendo correlacionado con el aumento significativo del porcentaje de lactosa entre el muestreo inicial y el final; también existió diferencias significativas en el porcentaje de grasa y sólidos totales, aunque en estos dos casos disminuyeron sus valores luego de la capacitación (grasa de 2,58 % en el muestreo inicial a 2,10 % en el final y sólidos totales de 11,44 % a 11,00 %). El resto de los parámetros no mostraron diferencias significativas entre los muestreos. Se concluye que la capacitación fue beneficiosa, pues la disminución considerable del conteo de células somáticas aumentó el volumen de producción de leche de los pequeños productores y, por ende, sus ingresos económicos. Para el resto de los parámetros se recomienda reforzar las capacitaciones de nutrición, alimentación, manejo de pasturas, etc., para incrementar sus valores, así como mantener constantes programas de capacitación a los productores, apoyados desde la academia, la empresa privada y entidades públicas.

Resumen: El objetivo de la investigación fue dar a conocer la situación administrativa y jurídica de los sujetos de la administración pública en materia de lucha contra el terrorismo. Se ha comprobado que en Ucrania se ha creado una estructura bastante clara y lógica de órganos estatales en materia de organización y coordinación de la lucha contra el terrorismo. El sistema de entidades antiterroristas es un conjunto de entidades específicas, legalmente definidas, que interactúan con el objetivo de prevenir, detectar, detener y minimizar las consecuencias de las actividades terroristas. En la investigación se utilizaron métodos como el análisis de fuentes biográficas, la síntesis, la deducción, el análisis comparativo y el metaanálisis. Con esto, se estableció que el presidente de Ucrania, la Rada Suprema de Ucrania y el gabinete de ministros de Ucrania son los actores clave en la lucha contra el terrorismo en el sistema de autoridades superiores. Las áreas definitorias de actividad del presidente de Ucrania en la esfera de la lucha contra el terrorismo son las actividades destinadas al apoyo normativo y jurídico de la lucha contra el terrorismo en Ucrania, así como la creación, la liquidación, la reorganización y la gestión de las entidades pertinentes de lucha contra el terrorismo.

Abstract: The purpose of the research is disclosing the administrative and legal status of public administration subjects regarding countering terrorism. It has been established that a fairly clear and logical structure of State bodies regarding organization and coordination of the fight against terrorism has been created in Ukraine. The system of counter-terrorism entities is a set of specific, legally defined entities that interact with the goal of preventing, detecting, stopping, and minimizing consequences of terrorist activities. In the research, methods such as the analysis of biographical sources, synthesis, deduction, comparative analysis and meta-analysis were used. With this, it was established that the President of Ukraine, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, and the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine are key actors when countering terrorism in Ukraine in the system of higher authorities. The defining areas of activity of the President of Ukraine in the sphere of countering terrorism are the activities aimed at the regulatory and legal support of countering terrorism in Ukraine, as well as the creation, liquidation, reorganization and management of the relevant counter- terrorism subjects.

Resumo As organizações sociais de saúde (OSS) são entidades privadas que recebem repasses de governos para gestão de serviços públicos de saúde. Com o histórico de interesses mercadológicos na saúde pública e o aporte de vultosos recursos às OSS, questiona-se se a lógica de mercado permanece inserida nesse modelo de gestão. Conhecer a dinâmica da oferta de serviços à população ao longo das contratações pode ajudar a compreender como se comportam as possíveis alterações nos serviços contratados. Trata-se de estudo descritivo-exploratório com abordagens quanti e qualitativa. Realizou-se pesquisa documental com coleta de dados dos contratos de gestão e termos aditivos. A escolha pelo estado de São Paulo se deu por este ter sido pioneiro na implantação da gestão de serviços do SUS por OSS e pela sua representatividade econômica. Especialidades médicas foram incluídas em 184 repactuações (6,14%) e excluídas em 187 (6,24%), enquanto as não médicas foram incluídas em 26 repactuações (2,97%) e excluídas em 144 (16,44%). Quanto aos exames, 101 repactuações (18,07%) aumentaram metas e 60 (10,73%) reduziram, enquanto 6 repactuações (1,07%) incluíram exames e 12 (2,14%) excluíram.

Abstract Social Health Organizations (SHOs) are private entities that receive resources from governments for the management of public healthcare services. With the history of market interest in public health and the high volume of resources transferred to SHOs, one must question if the market logic continues to be inserted in this management model. The understanding of the dynamics of providing healthcare services to the population in the different contracts may help to understand how possible changes in the contracted services may have an influence. This is a descriptive-exploratory study using quantitative and qualitative approaches. Documental research was conducted through the collection of data from management contracts and amendments. The State of São Paulo was chosen because of its economic representativeness and for being the pioneer state in the implementation of SUS services managed by SHO. Medical specialties were included in 184 renegotiations (6.14%) and excluded in 187 (6.24%), whereas non-medical services were included in 26 renegotiations (2.97%) and excluded in 144 (16.44%). Regarding examinations, 101 renegotiations (18.07%) had their goals increased and 60 (10.73%) reduced, while 6 renegotiations (1.07%) included exams and 12 (2.14%) excluded them.

Resumo Várias medidas foram implementas por governos em todo o mundo para impedir a disseminação da COVID-19. Contudo, pouco se sabe sobre a forma como as populações percecionaram essas medidas e a sua implementação. Assim, este estudo pretende explorar a forma como as pessoas adultas residentes em Portugal percecionam a gestão da pandemia COVID-19 pelas entidades governamentais. Foram entrevistadas 88 pessoas adultas (n = 45; 51%; Min: 19 anos; Máx.: 92 anos). As entrevistas semiestruturadas foram realizadas entre janeiro e setembro de 2022, transcritas e analisadas de acordo com a Análise Temática codebook. Foram identificados três temas principais: (a) Medidas indispensáveis no combate à pandemia da COVID-19; (b) As autoridades oficiais fizeram o melhor que puderam; e (c) O lado negro da gestão da pandemia COVID-19 em Portugal. As nossas conclusões sugerem que os participantes consideraram a gestão da pandemia COVID-19 como bem-sucedida, afirmando que o governo adotou medidas bem concebidas, mesmo com informações e recursos limitados. No entanto, as pessoas adultas queixaram-se de não compreenderem o raciocínio por detrás de algumas das medidas, do atraso na implementação de algumas medidas e de falhas na comunicação governamental. Assim, os governos devem aumentar a transparência no processo de tomada de decisão, bem como melhorar a comunicação com a população, aumentando assim potencialmente a adesão às medidas necessárias e os sentimentos de segurança e tranquilidade durante uma crise de saúde pública.

Abstract Several measures were undertaken by governments globally to prevent the dissemination of COVID-19. However, little is known about how populations perceived these measures and their implementation. Thus, this study aims to explore how adults residing in Portugal perceived the management of the COVID-19 pandemic by governmental entities. A sample of 88 adults were interviewed (n = 45; 51%; age range: 19 to 92 years). Semi-structured interviews were conducted between Jan-Sep 2022, transcribed, and analyzed according to codebook Thematic Analysis. Three main themes were identified: 1) Indispensable measures in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic; 2) The government did the best it could; and 3) The dark side of the COVID-19 pandemic’s management in Portugal. Our findings suggest that participants perceived the COVID-19 pandemic’s management as successful, stating that the government adopted well-conceived measures, even with limited information and resources. However, adults complained about not understanding the reasoning behind some of the measures, the off-timing of some measures’ implementation, and failures in governmental communication. Thus, governments should increase transparency in the decision-making process, as well as improve communication with the population, thus potentially increasing adherence to the necessary measures and feelings of safety and tranquility during a public health crisis.

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this narrative review is to discuss the current state of research funding in Brazil. Materials and Methods: This study is based on the most recent edition of the course Funding for Research and Innovation in the University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine which was a three-day course with 12 hours of instruction. The course brought together leading experts in the field to comprehensively discuss the current state of research funding in Brazil. Each speaker provided a presentation on a specific topic related to research funding. After the workshop, speakers assembled relevant topics in this manuscript. Results: collaborative research is critical for securing research funding. It optimizes proposal competitiveness, amplifies societal impact, and manages risks effectively. As such, fostering and supporting these collaborations is paramount for both researchers and funding agencies. To maintain the highest integrity in research, investigators involved in these collaborations must disclose any relationships that could potentially influence the outcomes or interpretation of their projects. Conclusions: In Brazil, the mainstay of research funding stems from public entities, with agencies such as CNPq, CAPES, and state bodies like FAPESP, FAPERJ, FAPEMIG and others at the forefront. Concurrently, industry funding offers viable pathways, especially through industry-sponsored studies, investigator-led projects, and collaborative initiatives. The Brazilian funding landscape is further enriched by innovative platforms, including crowdfunding and the contributions of institutions like the Serrapilheira Institute. Internationally, esteemed organizations such as the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation stand out as potential funders. Objective Brazil Methods threeday three day 1 instruction workshop manuscript Results competitiveness impact effectively projects Conclusions entities CNPq CAPES FAPESP FAPERJ forefront Concurrently pathways industrysponsored sponsored studies investigatorled investigator led initiatives platforms Institute Internationally NIH (NIH funders

Abstract The objective of this article is twofold: on the one hand, to show the impacts of the presence of drug trafficking in the Ucayali region, to reveal a situation that, except in very rare cases, is not currently on the public agendas, among the political or economic priorities, in the parliamentary debates and in jurisdictional decisions. On the other hand, it is to make a direct and effective proposal to resolve the old and most recent dilemmas represented by drug trafficking related to cocaine and its derivatives, its causes, and consequences for the Indigenous Peoples who inhabit the Peruvian Amazon. The case of the Ucayali región, a strategic region located in the central Peruvian Amazon, región is taken. Official information from the Peruvian State, that comes from international organizations, as well as from the indigenous organizations and private entities that work in the región have been reviewed. The article concludes by identifying an order of actions that must be carried out by the Peruvian State in the Ucayali region, to achieve a closure of the historical social gaps that are found at the base of the territory where drug trafficking has been established.

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é duplo: por um lado, mostrar os impactos da presença do tráfico de drogas na região de Ucayali, propor uma situação que não está atualmente nas agendas públicas, nem entre as prioridades políticas ou econômicas, nem nos debates parlamentares ou nas decisões jurisdicionais, salvo em casos muito raros. Em seguida, fazer uma proposta o mais direta e eficaz possível para tentar resolver os antigos e mais recentes dilemas representados pelo tráfico de drogas relacionado à cocaína e seus derivados , suas causas e consequências para os Povos Indígenas que habitam a Amazônia. Para isso, tomaremos o caso de uma região estratégica localizada na Amazônia central peruana, a região de Ucayali. Revisamos informações oficiais do Estado peruano, provenientes de organismos internacionais, bem como das próprias organizações indígenas e entidades privadas que atuam na referida região. O artigo conclui identificando uma ordem de ações que devem ser realizadas pelo Estado peruano na região de Ucayali, para conseguir fechar as lacunas sociais históricas que se encontram na base do território onde o tráfico de drogas se estabeleceu

Resumen El objetivo del presente artículo es doble. Por un lado, mostrar los impactos de la presencia del narcotráfico en la región de Ucayali, para revelar una situación que, salvo ocasiones muy raras, no está actualmente en las agendas públicas, entre las prioridades políticas y económicas, en los debates parlamentarios y en las decisiones jurisdiccionales. Por otro lado, hacer una propuesta directa y efectiva para resolver los viejos y los más recientes dilemas que representa el narcotráfico de cocaína y sus derivados, sus causas y consecuencias para los pueblos indígenas que habitan la Amazonía peruana. Se toma el caso de Ucayali, una región estratégica ubicada en la Amazonía central peruana. La investigación se nutre del análisis y el contraste entre la información oficial del Estado peruano, aquella que proviene de organismos internacionales, así como de las propias organizaciones indígenas y de entidades privadas que trabajan en dicha región. Como conclusión, se identifica un orden de acciones que el Estado peruano debe ejecutar en la región de Ucayali para cerrar las brechas sociales históricas que se encuentran en la base del territorio donde se ha asentado el narcotráfico.

Resumen: Las unidades habitacionales, el edificio, la manzana, la ciudad. El Complejo Habitacional Heliópolis y la Villa Panamericana y Parapanamericana nos permiten hablar de escalas en la construcción de colectividad. En ambos proyectos, que comprenden múltiples edificios y espacios públicos, la atención se centra en la cuidadosa articulación entre estas escalas. En Heliópolis la consideración de la topografía del sitio guía buena parte de las relaciones ente las unidades, los espacios colectivos y la ciudad. Grandes accesos y puentes atraviesan los espacios patios interiores generando plazas y espacios colectivos. En la Villa Panamericana, la posición de las torres y sus circulaciones interiores se articulan con el diseño del paisaje y los programas de los espacios públicos. En ambos proyectos prima la idea de construir conjuntos diferenciados, esto es, espacios que se perciben como unidades cohesivas pero que, a través de un cuidadoso diseño de su programa, materialidad, ubicación o selección de especies vegetales, buscan atraer a grupos específicos, fomentando así un sentido de inclusión y pertenencia dentro del conjunto de gran escala.

Abstract: Housing units, buildings, blocks, the city. The Heliópolis Housing Complex and the Villa Panamericana and Parapanamericana offer insights into the construction of collectivity across various scales. In both projects, comprising multiple buildings and public spaces, attention is focused on the careful articulation between these scales. In Heliópolis, the site’s topography shapes the interplay between residential units, communal areas, and the broader urban fabric. Here, expansive accesses and soaring bridges traverse the interior courtyards, engendering vibrant squares and communal gathering spots. In the Villa Panamericana, the design of the landscape and the programs of public spaces are articulated with the location and circulations within the buildings. Both projects share the overarching principle of differentiated complexes, in other words, both offer spaces that are perceived as cohesive entities, yet their nuanced programs, materiality, location, or selection of plant species, are carefully curated to cater to specific user groups, thereby fostering a sense of inclusivity and belonging within the larger complexes.

Resumen: Las unidades habitacionales, el edificio, la manzana, la ciudad. El Complejo Habitacional Heliópolis y la Villa Panamericana y Parapanamericana nos permiten hablar de escalas en la construcción de colectividad. En ambos proyectos, que comprenden múltiples edificios y espacios públicos, la atención se centra en la cuidadosa articulación entre estas escalas. En Heliópolis la consideración de la topografía del sitio guía buena parte de las relaciones ente las unidades, los espacios colectivos y la ciudad. Grandes accesos y puentes atraviesan los espacios patios interiores generando plazas y espacios colectivos. En la Villa Panamericana, la posición de las torres y sus circulaciones interiores se articulan con el diseño del paisaje y los programas de los espacios públicos. En ambos proyectos prima la idea de construir conjuntos diferenciados, esto es, espacios que se perciben como unidades cohesivas pero que, a través de un cuidadoso diseño de su programa, materialidad, ubicación o selección de especies vegetales, buscan atraer a grupos específicos, fomentando así un sentido de inclusión y pertenencia dentro del conjunto de gran escala.

Abstract: Housing units, buildings, blocks, the city. The Heliópolis Housing Complex and the Villa Panamericana and Parapanamericana offer insights into the construction of collectivity across various scales. In both projects, comprising multiple buildings and public spaces, attention is focused on the careful articulation between these scales. In Heliópolis, the site’s topography shapes the interplay between residential units, communal areas, and the broader urban fabric. Here, expansive accesses and soaring bridges traverse the interior courtyards, engendering vibrant squares and communal gathering spots. In the Villa Panamericana, the design of the landscape and the programs of public spaces are articulated with the location and circulations within the buildings. Both projects share the overarching principle of differentiated complexes, in other words, both offer spaces that are perceived as cohesive entities, yet their nuanced programs, materiality, location, or selection of plant species, are carefully curated to cater to specific user groups, thereby fostering a sense of inclusivity and belonging within the larger complexes.