HIV/AIDS remains one of the world's most significant public health and economic challenges, with approximately 36 million people currently living with the disease. Considerable progress has been made to reduce the impact of HIV/AIDS in the past years through successful multiple HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment interventions. However, barriers such as lack of engagement, limited availability of early HIV-infection detection tools, high rates of HIV/sexually transmitted infections (STIs), barriers to access antiretroviral therapy, lack of innovative resource optimisation and distribution strategies, and poor prevention services for vulnerable populations still exist and substantially affect the attainment of the UNAIDS 95-95-95 targets. A rapid review was conducted from 24 October 2022 to 5 November 2022. Literature searches were conducted in different prominent and reputable electronic database repositories including PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, and Springer. The study used various search keywords to search for relevant publications. From a list of collected publications, researchers used inclusion and exclusion criteria to screen and select relevant papers for inclusion in this review. This study unpacks emerging opportunities that can be explored by applying machine learning techniques to further knowledge and understanding about HIV service design, prediction, implementation, and evaluation. Therefore, there is a need to explore innovative and more effective analytic strategies including machine learning approaches to understand and improve HIV service design, planning, implementation, and evaluation to strengthen HIV/AIDS prevention, treatment, and awareness strategies.

Resumo O objetivo do trabalho consiste em avaliar o desempenho de serviços de atenção primária à saúde (APS) do estado de São Paulo para prevenção, detecção e assistência à deficiência. Realizou-se uma pesquisa avaliativa em 2.739 serviços de saúde em 514 municípios com 128 indicadores da qualidade organizacional do instrumento QualiAB referentes à dimensão avaliativa “Atenção à deficiência em serviços de atenção primária à saúde”. Foram utilizadas medidas de desempenho e associações entre os escores de cada domínio e variáveis independentes sobre planejamento, avaliação em saúde e rede de apoio, por meio de regressão linear múltipla. O percentual de desempenho para a dimensão foi de 61,6%, para o domínio estrutura (insumos e recursos humanos), 73,6%, para qualificação da atenção ao pré-natal, 68,7%, qualificação da atenção à saúde da criança, 56,1%, prevenção de incapacidades relacionadas a condições crônicas, 55,8%, e atenção à pessoa com deficiência e ao cuidador, 53,9%. Houve associação significativa com variáveis relacionadas ao tipo de serviço e de participação em avaliações de serviços. Os serviços de APS ainda realizam ações incipientes para prevenção, vigilância e diagnóstico das deficiências, assim como para a atenção integral a pessoas com deficiência.

Abstract The objective of this study was to assess the performance of primary health care (PHC) services for disability prevention, detection and assistance in the state of São Paulo. The study included 2739 health services, from 514 municipalities. 128 organizational quality indicators of the QualiAB instrument referring to the evaluative dimension “Attention to disability in primary health care services”. The association of health care performance score of each domain with independent variables, health assessment, and support network were tested using of multiple linear regression. The performance percentage was 61.6% for all domains, 73.6% for structure (inputs and human resources), 68.7% for qualification of prenatal care, 56.1% for qualification of child health care, 55.8% for prevention of disabilities related to chronic conditions, and 53.9% for attention to people with disabilities and caregivers. There was a significant association with variables related to the type of service and participation in service evaluations. PHC services still perform incipient actions for the prevention, surveillance and diagnosis of disabilities as well as for comprehensive care for people with disabilities.

Abstract Syphilis is a systemic disease with an increasing incidence in adolescents and young adults. Clinical manifestations can be variable and diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion, as syphilis can mimic other systemic diseases. Condylomata lata is a highly infectious manifestation of secondary syphilis, reported in 9-44% of cases. Here is reported the case of an adolescent girl who presented with inguinal lymphadenopathies, urinary and constitutional symptoms, and a history of unprotected sex with her boyfriend, who had been previously diagnosed with a genital ulcer. A complete physical examination was performed, and the detection of an anal lesion raised the hypothesis of perianal condylomata lata as a manifestation of secondary syphilis. All signs and symptoms of infection resolved with treatment. Early detection, appropriate treatment, and prevention of transmission are essential to reduce the burden of the disease.

Resumo A sífilis é uma doença sistémica com incidência crescente em adolescentes e jovens adultos. As manifestações clínicas são variáveis e o diagnóstico requer um elevado índice de suspeição, uma vez que a sífilis pode ser confundida com outras doenças sistémicas. O condiloma lata é uma manifestação de sífilis secundária, altamente infeciosa, reportada em 9-44% dos casos. É descrito o caso de uma adolescente que se apresentou com adenopatias, sintomas urinários e constitucionais e uma história de relações sexuais desprotegidas com o namorado, que tinha sido previamente diagnosticado com úlcera genital. Foi realizado um exame físico completo, que conduziu à deteção de uma lesão anal que motivou a suspeita de condiloma lata perianal como manifestação de sífilis secundária. Todos os sinais e sintomas da infeção resolveram-se com o tratamento. Identificação precoce, tratamento adequado e prevenção da transmissão são medidas essenciais para minimizar o ónus da doença.

Abstract The objective of this study was to assess the performance of primary health care (PHC) services for disability prevention, detection and assistance in the state of São Paulo. The study included 2739 health services, from 514 municipalities. 128 organizational quality indicators of the QualiAB instrument referring to the evaluative dimension “Attention to disability in primary health care services”. The association of health care performance score of each domain with independent variables, health assessment, and support network were tested using of multiple linear regression. The performance percentage was 61.6% for all domains, 73.6% for structure (inputs and human resources), 68.7% for qualification of prenatal care, 56.1% for qualification of child health care, 55.8% for prevention of disabilities related to chronic conditions, and 53.9% for attention to people with disabilities and caregivers. There was a significant association with variables related to the type of service and participation in service evaluations. PHC services still perform incipient actions for the prevention, surveillance and diagnosis of disabilities as well as for comprehensive care for people with disabilities. (PHC Paulo 273 51 municipalities 12 Attention services. . services” assessment regression 616 61 6 61.6 domains 736 73 73.6 inputs resources, resources , resources) 687 68 7 68.7 561 56 1 56.1 558 55 8 55.8 conditions 539 53 9 53.9 caregivers evaluations 27 5 61. 73. 68. 56. 55. 53. 2

Resumo O objetivo do trabalho consiste em avaliar o desempenho de serviços de atenção primária à saúde (APS) do estado de São Paulo para prevenção, detecção e assistência à deficiência. Realizou-se uma pesquisa avaliativa em 2.739 serviços de saúde em 514 municípios com 128 indicadores da qualidade organizacional do instrumento QualiAB referentes à dimensão avaliativa “Atenção à deficiência em serviços de atenção primária à saúde”. Foram utilizadas medidas de desempenho e associações entre os escores de cada domínio e variáveis independentes sobre planejamento, avaliação em saúde e rede de apoio, por meio de regressão linear múltipla. O percentual de desempenho para a dimensão foi de 61,6%, para o domínio estrutura (insumos e recursos humanos), 73,6%, para qualificação da atenção ao pré-natal, 68,7%, qualificação da atenção à saúde da criança, 56,1%, prevenção de incapacidades relacionadas a condições crônicas, 55,8%, e atenção à pessoa com deficiência e ao cuidador, 53,9%. Houve associação significativa com variáveis relacionadas ao tipo de serviço e de participação em avaliações de serviços. Os serviços de APS ainda realizam ações incipientes para prevenção, vigilância e diagnóstico das deficiências, assim como para a atenção integral a pessoas com deficiência. (APS Realizouse Realizou se 2739 2 739 2.73 51 12 Atenção saúde. . saúde” planejamento apoio múltipla 616 61 6 61,6% insumos humanos, humanos , humanos) 736 73 73,6% prénatal, prénatal pré natal, natal pré-natal 687 68 7 68,7% criança 561 56 1 56,1% crônicas 558 55 8 55,8% cuidador 539 53 9 53,9% deficiências 273 2.7 5 61,6 73,6 68,7 56,1 55,8 53,9 27 2. 61, 73, 68, 56, 55, 53,

ABSTRACT Carrying out a process of quality educational inclusion in today's societies constitutes a challenge that starts from fighting discriminatory ways of exclusion in different contexts and for dissimilar causes, in which risk factors concur in parallel, the lack of preparation of those involved in the search for solutions and the assimilation of the students before the aid. In this sense the article presents a study about the preparation of provincial education methodologists for the care of students in vulnerable situations from an inclusive approach. Theoretical methods such as historical-logical analysis, induction-deduction and analysis-synthesis were used in its elaboration; empirical methods such as documentary analysis, interview and observation of methodological activities; and statistical techniques such as percentage analysis. Among the main limitations found were the insufficiencies in the projection of inclusive socio-educational practices from the methodological work system of the Provincial Directorate of Education; currently, there is no harmoniously designed system that allows converting educational systems in response to the diversity of learners and making the right to education with equal opportunities truly practical, especially those who are sometimes excluded due to being in a situation of vulnerability. It was possible to conclude that methodologists play a fundamental role in directing the process of prevention, detection, stimulation, diagnosis/evaluation and early intervention of students with barriers to learning and social participation.

RESUMEN Llevar a cabo un proceso de inclusión educativa de calidad en las sociedades actuales constituye un reto que parte de pugnar maneras discriminatorias de exclusión en diferentes contextos y por disímiles causas, en las que concurren paralelamente los factores de riesgos, la falta de preparación de los implicados en la búsqueda de soluciones y la asimilación de los educandos ante la ayuda. En tal sentido, el artículo presenta un estudio acerca de la preparación de los metodólogos provinciales de educación para la atención a educandos en situación de vulnerabilidad desde un enfoque inclusivo. Se emplearon en su elaboración métodos teóricos como el análisis histórico-lógico, la inducción-deducción y el análisis-síntesis; métodos empíricos como el análisis documental, la entrevista y la observación a actividades metodológicas; y técnicas estadísticas como el análisis porcentual. Entre las principales limitaciones encontradas estuvieron las insuficiencias en la proyección de prácticas socioeducativas inclusivas desde el sistema de trabajo metodológico de la Dirección Provincial de Educación. Actualmente, no existe un sistema armónicamente diseñado que permita convertir los sistemas educativos en respuesta a la diversidad de educandos y hacer verdaderamente práctico el derecho a la educación con igualdad de oportunidades, en especial para aquellos que por estar en situación de vulnerabilidad en ocasiones son excluidos. Se pudo concluir que los metodólogos juegan un papel fundamental en la dirección del proceso de prevención, detección, estimulación, diagnóstico/evaluación e intervención temprana de educandos con barreras para el aprendizaje y la participación social.

RESUMO Levar a cabo um processo de inclusão educativa de qualidade nas sociedades atuais constitui um desafio que parte do combate às formas discriminatórias de exclusão em contextos diversos e por causas díspares, em que concorrem em paralelo fatores de risco, a falta de preparação dos envolvidos na procura de soluções e a assimilação dos alunos perante a ajuda. Nesse sentido, o artigo apresenta um estudo sobre a preparação de metodólogos provinciais de educação para a atenção de alunos em situação de vulnerabilidade a partir de um enfoque inclusivo. Métodos teóricos como análise histórico-lógica, indução-dedução e análise-síntese foram utilizados em sua elaboração; métodos empíricos como análise documental, entrevistas e observação de atividades metodológicas; e técnicas estatísticas, como análise de porcentagem. Entre as principais limitações encontradas encontram-se as insuficiências na projeção de práticas socioeducativas inclusivas a partir do sistema metodológico de trabalho da Direcção Provincial de Educação; atualmente, não existe um sistema pensado harmoniosamente que permita converter os sistemas educativos em resposta à diversidade dos educandos e tornar verdadeiramente prático o direito à educação com igualdade de oportunidades, especialmente aqueles que por vezes são excluídos por se encontrarem em situação de vulnerabilidade. Foi possível concluir que os metodólogos desempenham um papel fundamental no direcionamento do processo de prevenção, detecção, estimulação, diagnóstico/avaliação e intervenção precoce de alunos com barreiras à aprendizagem e à participação social.

Abstract Introduction Pregnancy, being a situation of vulnerability and with its inherent changes, places women at a great risk of depression. In Mexico, the prevalence of probable depression in pregnant women treated at the Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, was 17.8%, assessed using the Edinburgh Perinatal Depression Scale (EPDS). To date, there are no data regarding this issue in Sonora. Objective To determine the prevalence of depressive symptoms in pregnant women treated at the Hospital Infantil del Estado de Sonora (México). Method An observational, descriptive, transversal, and prospective study was conducted in 2021, applying the EPDS in 168 2nd/3rd trimester pregnant women, selected by non-probabilistic sampling by consecutive cases. Sociodemographic variables, pathological/non-pathological, gynecological, and obstetrical personal history were explored. The analysis was performed using measures of central tendency and dispersion for quantitative variables; for qualitative variables, frequency and percentage; χ2 test to assess differences in distribution of depressive symptomatology by age and the rest of variables. Results A global prevalence of “probable depression” of 14.3% was determined. The majority, within 20-29 age group, with a partner and a planned/desired pregnancy. High school educational level, 50%. History of intimate partner violence, 54.2%. Almost 40%, primigravida. Substance use, denied. Overweight/obesity, in 70%. Discussion and conclusion There is a high prevalence of depressive symptoms during pregnancy, going unnoticed for reasons such as insufficient knowledge (patient/health care providers), since there is no routine screening. It is imperative to work on prevention, detection and treatment, since it entails multiple consequences at a binomial, family, and social level.

Resumen Introducción El embarazo, al ser una situación de vulnerabilidad y los cambios que conlleva, ubica a las mujeres en mayor riesgo de padecer depresión. En México, la prevalencia de probable depresión en embarazadas en el Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, fue del 17.8%, mediante la Escala de Depresión Perinatal de Edimburgo (EPDS). Hasta hoy, no se cuenta con datos en Sonora sobre este problema. Objetivo Determinar la prevalencia de sintomatología depresiva en embarazadas atendidas en el Hospital Infantil del Estado de Sonora (México). Método Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal y prospectivo en 2021, utilizando la EPDS en 168 embarazadas cursando 2o/3er trimestre, seleccionadas por muestreo no probabilístico por casos consecutivos. Se exploraron variables sociodemográficas, antecedentes patológicos/no patológicos y ginecoobstétricos. El análisis se realizó mediante medidas de tendencia central y dispersión para variables cuantitativas; para cualitativas, frecuencia y porcentaje; prueba de χ2 para evaluar diferencias en distribución de sintomatología depresiva por edad y resto de variables. Resultados Se determinó prevalencia global de “probable depresión” de 14.3%. La mayoría, grupo etario 20-29 años, con pareja y embarazo planeado/deseado. Escolaridad preparatoria, 50%. Antecedente de violencia de pareja, 54.2%. Casi 40%, primigestas. Consumo de sustancias, negado. Sobrepeso/obesidad, en 70%. Discusión y conclusión Existe una alta prevalencia de sintomatología depresiva durante el embarazo, pasando desapercibida por motivos como conocimiento insuficiente (paciente y proveedores de salud), pues no se cuenta con un tamizaje rutinario. Es apremiante trabajar en prevención, detección y tratamiento, ya que conlleva múltiples consecuencias a nivel binomio, familiar y social.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To describe the characteristics of the affected population and the delays that contributed to maternal mortality secondary to hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Descriptive and retrospective study based on the epidemiologic surveillance of sentinel cases of early maternal deaths of women residing in Antioquia, Colombia, during pregnancy, delivery and the 42 days after delivery occurring in the period 2012-2020. A database was created in Microsoft Access 2007 (Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA), and data were analyzed in Microsoft Excel and SPSS version 22. RESULTS: There were 266 maternal deaths, of which 38 were secondary to hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Eclampsia was the cause of 15 deaths; 12 due to HELLP syndrome, 9 due to intracerebral hemorrhage, and 2 due to placental abruption and disseminated intravascular coagulation. In 13 of the 38 cases, there was no adequate magnesium sulfate regimen, 19 did not receive indicated antihypertensive treatment, and 17 did not have adequate antihypertensive control. CONCLUSION: Antenatal care is a critical opportunity for detection, prevention, and risk stratification. All obstetric care centers should be prepared to manage emergencies associated with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Outcomes improve with the use of standardized, organized emergency protocols and the participation of multidisciplinary teams that ensure quality care and a positive impact on preventable maternal morbidity and mortality.

Resumen OBJETIVO: Describir las características de la población afectada y los retrasos que contribuyeron a la mortalidad materna, secundaria a los trastornos hipertensivos del embarazo. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo efectuado con base en la vigilancia epidemiológica de casos centinela de muertes maternas tempranas de mujeres residentes en Antioquia, Colombia, durante el embarazo, el parto y los 42 días siguientes a éste ocurridas en el periodo 2012-2020. Se creó una base de datos en Microsoft Access 2007 (Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA) y los datos se analizaron en Microsoft Excel y SPSS versión 22. RESULTADOS: Se registraron 266 muertes maternas, de las que 38 fueron secundarias a trastornos hipertensivos del embarazo. La eclampsia fue causa de 15 fallecimientos; 12 por síndrome HELLP, 9 por hemorragia intracerebral y 2 por desprendimiento prematuro de placenta y coagulación intravascular diseminada. En 13 de los 38 casos no hubo una pauta adecuada del sulfato de magnesio, 19 no recibieron tratamiento antihipertensivo, que estaba indicado y 17 no tuvieron un control antihipertensivo adecuado. CONCLUSIÓN: La atención prenatal es una oportunidad decisiva para la detección, prevención y estratificación del riesgo. Todos los centros de atención obstétrica deben estar preparados para gestionar urgencias asociadas con los trastornos hipertensivos del embarazo. Los desenlaces mejoran con la aplicación de protocolos de emergencia estandarizados, organizados y la participación de equipos multidisciplinarios que garanticen una atención de calidad y un efecto positivo en la morbilidad y mortalidad materna susceptible de prevención.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis, characterized by decreased bone density and increased fracture risk, imposes significant physical, psychosocial, and financial burdens. Early detection and prevention are crucial for managing osteoporosis and reducing the risk of fractures. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship between Hepatitis A seropositivity and bone mineral density (BMD) in adolescents and adults and to explore the potential link between Hepatitis A infection and osteoporosis risk. DESIGN AND SETTING: This cross-sectional study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2011 to 2018 to evaluate the association between hepatitis A seropositivity and BMD in 15,693 participants. METHODS: Multivariable regression analysis was used to calculate the mean BMD and standard error for adolescents and adults, followed by an independent z-test to determine whether there was a significant difference between the seropositive and seronegative groups. RESULTS: Hepatitis A seropositive adolescents and adults had lower BMD than their seronegative counterparts, with significant differences in lumber spine (mean difference = -0.03 g/cm2, P < 0.01 for both age groups) and pelvis BMDs (mean difference = -0.02 g/cm2, P < 0.01 for the adult age groups), after adjusting for various covariates. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed that both adolescent and adult individuals seropositive for Hepatitis A antibodies had reduced BMD among both adolescents and adults, especially in the adult group. This finding suggests a possible link between Hepatitis A infection and risk of osteoporosis. BACKGROUND Osteoporosis physical psychosocial burdens fractures OBJECTIVES (BMD SETTING crosssectional cross sectional NHANES (NHANES 201 15693 15 693 15,69 participants METHODS ztest z test groups RESULTS counterparts 0.03 003 0 03 -0.0 gcm2 gcm g cm2 cm g/cm2 001 01 0.0 0.02 002 02 groups, , covariates CONCLUSIONS group 20 1569 1 69 15,6 00 -0. g/cm 0. 2 156 6 15, -0 -

Resumo Introdução: O câncer cervical está associado com a infecção persistente pelo HPV (human papiloma virus) de alto risco e causa cerca de 265 mil mortes todos os anos no mundo, tornando-se um importante problema de saúde pública. Objetivo: Descrever o perfil epidemiológico, história clínica e achados citológicos de 55 mulheres infectadas com HPV vivendo em áreas remotas no Amazonas, Brasil. Método: Obtiveram-se as amostras por autocoleta, utilizando-se a escova Rovers® Evalyn® para detecção do HPV por meio da técnica de PCR (polymerase chain reaction). Realizou-se o exame citológico por citologia em meio líquido. Resultados: A média de idade das participantes foi de 35 anos de idade (DP=14). A maioria das mulheres apresentou baixa ou nenhuma escolaridade (52,7%), vivia em uma relação estável com um parceiro (74,5) e tinha de três a cinco filhos (32,5%). Observou-se o uso inconsistente de preservativo pela maioria das participantes (“nunca 34,5% e “às vezes” 41,8%). O exame citopatológico mostrou que 14 mulheres (25,4%) tinham alterações citológicas: 7 Ascus (50,0%), 5 L-SIL (35,7%) e 2 H-SIL (14,3%). Conclusões: Uma vez que as lesões cervicais são causadas pela infecção persistente pelo HPV, é importante que programas de prevenção do CC usem alternativas eficazes para acompanhar mulheres HPV positivas vivendo em áreas remotas. Introdução human virus 26 mundo tornandose tornando se pública Objetivo epidemiológico Amazonas Brasil Método Obtiveramse Obtiveram autocoleta utilizandose utilizando Rovers Evalyn polymerase reaction. reaction . reaction) Realizouse Realizou líquido Resultados 3 DP=14. DP14 DP DP=14 (DP=14) 52,7%, 527 52,7% , 52 (52,7%) 74,5 745 74 (74,5 32,5%. 325 32,5% 32 (32,5%) Observouse Observou nunca 345 34 34,5 às vezes 41,8%. 418 41,8% 41 8 41,8%) 1 25,4% 254 25 4 (25,4% citológicas 50,0%, 500 50,0% 50 0 (50,0%) LSIL L SIL 35,7% 357 (35,7% HSIL H 14,3%. 143 14,3% (14,3%) Conclusões DP1 DP=1 (DP=14 52,7 (52,7% 74, (74, 32,5 (32,5% 34, 41,8 25,4 (25,4 50,0 (50,0% 35,7 (35,7 14,3 (14,3% DP= (DP=1 52, (52,7 (74 32, (32,5 41, 25, (25, 50, (50,0 35, (35, 14, (14,3 (DP= (52, (7 (32, (25 (50, (35 (14, (DP (52 ( (32 (2 (50 (3 (14 (5 (1

Abstract Background: Cervical cancer (CC) is associated with persistent high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and it causes about 265,000 deaths per year worldwide, thus becoming an important public health problem. Objective: This study aimed to describe the epidemiological profile, clinical history, and cytological findings of 55 women infected with HPV living in remote areas in Amazonas, Brazil. Method: The samples were obtained by self-collection using the Rovers® Evalyn® Brush for HPV detection through PCR. The cytological examination was performed by liquid-based cytology. Results: The mean age of participants was 35 years (SD=14). Most of the women presented low or no schooling (52.7%), lived in stable relationship with a partner (74.5%), and had three to five children (32.7%). Inconsistent use of condoms by most of the participants (“never” — 34.5% and “sometimes” — 41.8%) was observed. Cytopathological examinations showed that 14 (25.4%) women had cytological alterations: 7 atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (50.0%), 5 low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (35.7%), and 2 high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (14.3%). Conclusion: As cervical lesions have been caused by persistent HPV infection over the years, CC Prevention Programs use effective strategies to follow up on HPV-positive women living in remote areas. Background (CC highrisk high risk (HPV 265000 265 000 265,00 worldwide problem Objective profile history Amazonas Brazil Method selfcollection self collection Rovers Evalyn PCR liquidbased liquid based cytology Results 3 SD=14. SD14 SD SD=14 . (SD=14) 52.7%, 527 52.7% , 52 (52.7%) 74.5%, 745 74.5% 74 (74.5%) 32.7%. 327 32.7% 32 (32.7%) never (“never 345 34 34.5 sometimes “sometimes 41.8% 418 41 8 observed 1 25.4% 254 25 4 (25.4% alterations 50.0%, 500 50.0% 50 0 (50.0%) lowgrade grade 35.7%, 357 35.7% (35.7%) highgrade 14.3%. 143 14.3% (14.3%) Conclusion HPVpositive positive 26500 26 00 265,0 SD1 SD=1 (SD=14 52.7 (52.7% 74.5 (74.5% 32.7 (32.7% 34. 41.8 25.4 (25.4 50.0 (50.0% 35.7 (35.7% 14.3 (14.3% 2650 265, SD= (SD=1 52. (52.7 74. (74.5 32. (32.7 41. 25. (25. 50. (50.0 35. (35.7 14. (14.3 (SD= (52. (74. (32. (25 (50. (35. (14. (SD (52 (74 (32 (2 (50 (35 (14 (5 (7 (3 ( (1

Abstract Background: Arboviral diseases are a group of infectious diseases caused by viruses transmitted by arthropods, mainly mosquitoes. These diseases, such as those caused by the dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV), chikungunya (CHIKV), and yellow fever (YFV) viruses, have a significant impact worldwide. In this context, entomological surveillance plays a crucial role in the control and prevention of arboviruses by providing essential information on the presence, distribution, and activity of vector mosquitoes. Based on entomological surveillance, transovarian transmission provides information regarding the maintenance and dissemination of arboviruses. The objective of this study was to detect these arboviruses in Goiânia, Goiás, and analyze the occurrence of transovarian transmission. Methods: Aedes aegypti eggs were collected from different regions of Goiânia and cultivated under controlled laboratory conditions until the emergence of adult mosquitoes. Adult females were grouped into pools containing their heads and thoraxes. These pools were subsequently evaluated using reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay. Results: A total of 157 pools (N=1570) were analyzed, with two pools testing positive for CHIKV and one pool testing positive for ZIKV, indicating that the offspring resulting from transovarian transmission are potentially infectious. Conclusions: In summary, the demonstration of the vertical transmission mechanisms of CHIKV and ZIKV in A. aegypti serves as an alert to health authorities, as these diseases are still underreported, and their primary urban vector has likely acquired this capacity, contributing to the dissemination of these infections. Background arthropods mosquitoes DENV, DENV , (DENV) (ZIKV) CHIKV, (CHIKV) YFV (YFV worldwide context presence distribution Goiás Methods thoraxes reversetranscription reverse transcription RTqPCR RT qPCR (RT-qPCR assay Results 15 N=1570 N1570 N 1570 (N=1570 analyzed Conclusions summary authorities underreported capacity infections (DENV (ZIKV (CHIKV 1 N=157 N157 (N=157 N=15 N15 (N=15 N=1 N1 (N=1 N= (N= (N

Resumen Introducción : Es fundamental poner en práctica ac ciones preventivas y de diagnóstico poblacional precoz para detectar a las personas en riesgo de desarrollar Diabetes tipo 2 (DT2). El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar el desempeño del score FINDRISC como método de cri bado para detectar prediabetes y DT2 sin diagnostico en trabajadores municipales. Métodos : Estudio epidemiológico, descriptivo de corte transversal desde 10/21 al 3/22. Ingresaron voluntarios mayores a 18 años sin diagnóstico previo de DT2, se excluyó quienes padecían una enfermedad aguda, emba razadas o que realizaban tratamiento con medicamentos que modifiquen la glucemia. Los participantes comple taron el FINDRISC y realizaron una Prueba Oral de Tole rancia a la Glucosa (POTG). El desempeño se determinó mediante el cálculo de la sensibilidad (S), especificidad (E), y el área bajo la curva (AUC-ROC). Se utilizó un índice de Youden para definir el punto de corte óptimo. Resultados : Ingresaron 148 personas, entre 18-67 años, con media de edad 42.9 ± 11.8 años, el 68.9% de sexo masculino. La frecuencia de DT2 sin diagnóstico fue del 3.3% (n = 5) y de prediabetes del 12.2% (n = 18). El promedio de puntos de FINDRISC fue de 10.0 ± 4.8. El punto de corte optimo fue ≥ 13 (S = 65.2% y E = 74.4%) y el AUC-ROC 0.76 (IC95%: 0.66-0.86). Conclusión : El FINDRISC demostró ser un método eficaz para identificar personas con DT2 y prediabetes con punto de corte 13 en la población, lugar y periodo de estudio.

Abstract Introduction : It is fundamental to put into practice preventive and early population diagnosis actions to detect people at risk for developing Type 2 diabetes (T2D). The aim of this study was to evaluate the FINDRISC score performance as screening method to detect prediabetes and unknown T2D in municipal workers. Methods : descriptive epidemiological and cross-sectional study from 10/21 to 03/22. People suffering from a severe illness, pregnant or were already receiv ing drugs that modify blood glucose, were excluded. Participants completed the FINDRISC and performed an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The performance of the FINDRISC was determined by calculating sensitiv ity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC-ROC). The Youden’s J statistic index was used to define the optimal cutoff point. Results : 148 subjects between the ages of 18-65 were admitted, with a mean age of 42,9 ± 11,8, the 69% being males. The frequency of unknown T2D was of 3.3% (n = 5) and frequency of prediabetes was of 12.2% (n = 18). The mean of FINDRISC score was of 10.0 ± 4.8. The optimal cutoff point was ≥ 13 (sensitiv ity = 65.2%, Specificity = 74.4%) and the AUC-ROC 0.76 (IC95%: 0.66-0.86). Conclusion : The FINDRISC proved to be an effective method for identifying people with undiagnosed T2D and prediabetes with a cut-off point of 13 in the popula tion, place, and study period.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Bats are the only flight mammals, with around 1,400 species playing critical roles as pest controllers and nocturnal plant pollinators. However, its impact on human health has become increasingly evident, especially after the appearance of epidemic outbreaks of viral diseases related to these mammals. Objetive: To analyze the influence of bats on human health, focusing on their role as carriers of viral diseases and their potential as reservoirs and vectors of diseases. Methods: A literature bibliographical review was conducted using MeSH descriptors and keywords such as: Animals, Wild Chiroptera, Virus Diseases, Zoonosis, Disease Vectors, Disease Reservoirs, Public Health, bats, Communicable Disease Control, Disease Outbreaks, Prevention and Control. 1442 articles in databases and official documents were reviewed, selecting the relevant sources with Mendeley Desktop 1.19.4., obtaining 47 articles at the end. Results: There are several species of bats that can affect human health and that mainly harbor viruses from the Filoviridae families, Coronaviridae and Paramyxoviridae. Bats are considered optimal incubators for the spread of the virus due to their unique immune system that makes them particularly resistant to these infectious agents. Conclusions: Surveillance and monitoring of bats, together with public education actions and proper management of their habitats, are essential for early detection and prevention of transmission of new viruses from these mammals to humans.

RESUMEN Introducción: Los murciélagos se destacan por ser los únicos mamíferos voladores, con alrededor de 1 400 especies que cumplen un rol fundamental como controladores de plagas y polinizadores de plantas nocturnas. Sin embargo, su influencia sobre la salud humana se ha evidenciado cada vez más, en particular después del surgimiento de brotes epidémicos de enfermedades virales asociadas a estos mamíferos. Objetivo: Analizar la influencia de los murciélagos en la salud humana, centrándose en su papel como portadores de enfermedades virales y su potencial como reservorios y vectores de enfermedades. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de la literatura utilizando descriptores MeSH y términos como: Animals, Wild Chiroptera, Virus Diseases, Zoonoses, Disease Vectors, Disease Reservoirs, Public Health, bats, Communicable Disease Control, Disease Outbreaks, Prevention and Control. Se revisaron 1 442 artículos en bases de datos y documentos oficiales, se seleccionaron las fuentes relevantes con Mendeley Desktop 1.19.4. y se obtuvieron al final 47 artículos. Resultados: Existen varias especies de murciélagos que pueden afectar la salud del ser humano y que albergan en especial virus de las familias Filoviridae, Coronaviridae y Paramixoviridae. Los murciélagos se consideran incubadoras óptimas para la propagación de virus debido a su sistema inmune único que lo hace resistente a estos agentes infecciosos. Conclusiones: La vigilancia y monitoreo de los murciélagos, junto con acciones de educación pública y una gestión adecuada de sus hábitats, son fundamentales para la detección temprana y prevención de la transmisión de nuevos virus de estos mamíferos a los humanos.

Resumo Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la variación sociolingüística de unidades de significación especializada (USE) a partir de un corpus en español referente a la fase de detección del cáncer de piel, con vistas a ser traducido al francés. Asimismo, el artículo se enmarca en una investigación traductológica contrastiva más amplia llevada a cabo sobre el marco situacional de la variación lingüística en relación con las fases de prevención, detección y tratamiento de este tipo de cáncer. En lo que se refiere a la metodología, el corpus está constituido por textos procedentes del National Cancer Institute destinados a profesionales de la salud, que se desarrollan en un contexto situacional en el que el emisor y el receptor son especialistas, por un lado, y por textos dirigidos a pacientes en un contexto situacional caracterizado por un emisor especialista y un receptor lego en la materia, por otro. Los resultados establecen pautas estratégicas comunicativas utilizadas por el emisor especialista para hacer llegar al público lego el conocimiento especializado, pudiendo contrastarse con las estrategias que se emplean cuando se dirige a otro especialista. Además, los resultados apuntan a que la variación lingüística constituye una herramienta que permite resolver la comunicación en este doble marco situacional, y cuando estos se trasladan a un marco traslativo, el traductor como mediador interlingüístico e intercultural recurre a estrategias comunicativas similares para adaptar el texto origen a los distintos perfiles de receptores. USE (USE piel francés Asimismo prevención metodología salud especialistas lado materia especializado Además traslativo receptores

Abstract This article aims to analyze the sociolinguistic variation of specialized meaning units (SMU) from a corpus referring to the detection phase of skin cancer. It is part of a broader contrastive investigation that is being carried out on the situational context of linguistic variation in relation to the phases of prevention, detection and treatment of this type of cancer. Concerning the methodology, the corpus is made up of texts from the National Cancer Institute's website in Spanish intended for health professionals that are developed in a situational context in which the sender and receiver are specialists, on the one hand, and by texts addressed to patients in a situational context characterized by a specialist sender and a lay public receiver, on the other. The results show strategic communication guidelines used by the specialist sender to provide the lay public with specialized knowledge, thus being able to contrast with the strategies used when addressing another specialist. Moreover, these results suggest that the linguistic variation constitutes a tool that allows to solve communication in both scenarios. And when these scenarios are transferred to a translational context, the translator, as an interlinguistic and intercultural mediator, resorts to similar communication strategies to adapt the source text to the different receiver profiles. SMU (SMU cancer prevention methodology Institutes Institute s specialists hand other knowledge Moreover translator mediator profiles

Abstract Anemia is a pathological condition in which the hemoglobin and red blood cell mass decrease; it is mainly defined by the concentration of hemoglobin in the blood. The World Health Organization guidelines establish specific values to define anemia in different population groups. Early detection of anemia can also be a valuable indicator of underlying medical conditions. Clinical studies have explored the relationship between perioperative anemia and morbidity, highlighting the need for more judicious therapeutic strategies, such as the use of Patient Blood Management, which aims to prevent and treat anemia in a personalized and effective way. Patient Blood Management emerges as a promising approach to dealing with anemia, recognizing that its correction through transfusion always carries risks and that personalized prevention and treatment can offer better outcomes for patients. decrease groups conditions morbidity strategies way patients

Abstract: Depression and anxiety are psychological problems with high prevalence in the perinatal period. Moreover, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the vulnerability of pregnant women has been even greater, making it even more necessary to study the main associated risk factors. The present study aims to evaluate the impact of the pandemic on mental health in a sample of pregnant women by comparing women who were pregnant before the pandemic and those who experienced pregnancy during the pandemic, as well as evaluate the relationship with the main risk and protective factors, one of them being social support. With this objective, a battery of psychological assessment instruments was administered to women in the general population who were in the third trimester of pregnancy (N=59), with which the following factors were evaluated: sociodemographic variables, stressful situations experienced in the last year and previous history of depression, perinatal depression (EPDS), anxiety (STAI) and social support (MOS). The results partially support the hypotheses proposed, since, although no significant differences were found between the groups evaluated before and after the pandemic, anxiety and depression scores showed negative correlations with social support. These results have clinical implications in that social support, especially from the partner, may be a determinant variable in effective early detection and prevention programs.

Resumen: La depresión y la ansiedad son problemas psicológicos que presentan una alta prevalencia en el periodo perinatal. Además, durante la pandemia del COVID-19, la vulnerabilidad de las mujeres embarazadas ha sido aún mayor, por lo que se hace más necesario el estudio de los principales factores de riesgo asociados. El presente estudio pretende evaluar el impacto de la pandemia sobre la salud mental en una muestra de mujeres embarazadas a través de la comparación de mujeres que gestaron antes de la pandemia y aquellas que vivieron su embarazo durante esta, así como evaluar la relación con los principales factores de riesgo y protección, siendo uno de ellos el apoyo social. Con este objetivo, se administró una batería de instrumentos de evaluación psicológica a mujeres de la población general que se encontraban en el tercer trimestre de embarazo (N=59), con la que se evaluaron los siguientes factores: variables sociodemográficas, situaciones de estrés vividas el último año e historial previo de depresión, depresión perinatal (EPDS), ansiedad (STAI) y apoyo social (MOS). Los resultados apoyan parcialmente las hipótesis planteadas, puesto que, a pesar de no haber hallado diferencias significativas entre los grupos evaluados antes y después de la pandemia, las puntuaciones de ansiedad y depresión mostraron correlaciones negativas con el apoyo social. Estos resultados tienen implicaciones clínicas en tanto que el apoyo social, especialmente por parte de la pareja, puede ser una variable determinante a la hora de realizar una detección precoz efectiva y desarrollar programas de prevención.