Abstract Introduction: Positive mental health involves a mix of personal and psychosocial resources, as well as attitudes, affections, and positive behaviors that allow the person to face the challenges that arise in life, at a personal, family, social, and school level. Objective: Determine the association between personal factors and positive mental health in high school students during COVID-19. Methodology: Descriptive correlational study. Intentional non-probabilistic sampling. The sample consisted of 210 students of both sexes, ages 15 to 19, enrolled in cycle 2022-1 of the morning shift. Adolescents with visual conditions were excluded. A personal factors study and Positive Mental Health Scale were applied, with prior assent and informed consent. The statistical analysis was descriptive and inferential Results: The students were 64.8% female, 76.1% were under 17 years of age, 53.3% were in the sixth semester, 42% presented COVID-19 and 45% reported losses due to COVID-19. Global positive mental health was low in 50.5% of students. There was a significant positive statistical association in overall positive mental health with sex p=0.01, and a negative one with suffering from a mental illness p=0.01 and having family members who suffered from a mental illness p=0.05. Conclusion: Mental health of young people was not very positive. It needs to be studied to generate nursing interventions for promotion and prevention of school health to result in effective stress management of young people who are in high school when considering the family, society, and the educational field.

Abstrato Introdução: A saúde mental positiva envolve um conjunto de recursos pessoais e psicossociais, atitudes, afetos e comportamentos positivos que permitem à pessoa enfrentar os desafios que surgem na vida, a nível pessoal, familiar, social e escolar. Objetivo: Determinar a associação entre fatores pessoais e saúde mental positiva em estudantes do ensino médio em tempos de COVID-19. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo, preditivo e correlacional. Amostragem não probabilística intencional, amostra 210 estudantes de ambos os sexos, com idades entre 15 e 19 anos, matriculados no ciclo 2022-1 do turno da manhã. Foram excluídos os adolescentes com problemas visuais. Foram aplicados inquérito de fatores pessoais e Escala de Saúde Mental Positiva, com prévio assentimento e consentimento informado. A análise estatística foi descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: Os alunos eram 64,8% do sexo feminino, 76,1% tinham menos de 17 anos, 53,3% estavam no sexto semestre, 42% apresentaram COVID-19 e 45% relataram perdas por COVID-19. A saúde mental positiva global foi baixa em 50,5% dos estudantes. Houve associação estatística positiva significativa na saúde mental geral positiva com sexo p=0,01, e negativa com sofrer de doença mental p=0,01 e ter familiares que sofriam de doença mental p=0,05. Conclusão: A saúde mental positiva dos jovens foi baixa, necessita ser estudada para gerar intervenções de enfermagem na promoção e prevenção da saúde escolar para promover o enfrentamento eficaz do manejo do estresse dos jovens que estão no ensino médio quando se considera a família, a sociedade e o campo educacional.

Resumen Introducción: La salud mental positiva involucra una mezcla de recursos personales y psicosociales, actitudes, afectos y comportamientos positivos que permiten a la persona enfrentar los retos que se le presentan en la vida, a nivel personal, familiar, social y escolar. Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre factores personales y la salud mental positiva en estudiantes de bachillerato en tiempos de COVID-19. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo correlacional. Muestreo intencional no probabilístico, en una muestra de 210 estudiantes de ambos sexos, edades de 15 a 19 años, inscritos en ciclo 2022-1 del turno matutino. Se excluyeron adolescentes con afecciones visuales. Se aplicó encuesta de factores personales y Escala de Salud Mental Positiva, previo asentimiento y consentimiento informado. El análisis estadístico fue descriptivo e inferencial. Resultados: Los estudiantes fueron 64.8 % del sexo femenino, 76.1 % eran menores de 17 años, 53.3 % cursaban sexto semestre, 42 % presentó COVID-19 y 45 % manifestó pérdidas por Covid-19. La salud mental positiva global fue baja en 50.5 % de los estudiantes. Hubo asociación estadística significativa positiva en salud mental positiva global con sexo p=0.01, y negativa con padecer alguna enfermedad mental p=0.01 y contar con familiares que padecían alguna enfermedad mental p=0.05. Conclusión: La salud mental positiva de los jóvenes fue baja, se requiere ser estudiada para generar intervenciones de enfermería en promoción y prevención de la salud escolar para favorecer un afrontamiento efectivo del manejo el estrés de los jóvenes que cursan bachillerato al considerar a la familia, la sociedad y al ámbito educativo.

Abstract Introduction: México has a high rate of teenage pregnancy, which symbolizes a risk to the health and socio-economic development of this group. The prevention of a second pregnancy at this stage is relevant to improve quality of life. Objective: To explore the social representations of prenatal contraceptive counseling based on the experiences and expectations of pregnant adolescents and health providers in a second level care hospital. Methodology: Qualitative study based on Serge Moscovici’s Social Representations Theory with ten primiparous adolescents in any quarter of pregnancy and seven health providers, adolescents without pregnancy condition were excluded. We used semi-structured interviews recorded and analyzed in their integrity through fluctuating reading by two researchers, the discourse of the proposed thematic axes was contrasted. Integrity, confidentiality, and autonomy were respected. Results: The realities represented by adolescents showed a need for knowledge, values, respect, kindness, and patience. Providers evoked paternalistic counseling, but with recognition of focused counseling and reproductive rights. Conclusion: More participants stated that the ideal time to receive counseling is during pregnancy, since pregnant adolescents expressed the need to receive information and have more time lapse between their pregnancies. The expectations of the Prenatal Contraceptive Counseling (CAP by its acronym in Spanish) differed in terms of values to give rise to a paternalistic attitude on the part of the health provider and the preference of adolescents for counseling based on respect, honesty, and trust, among others.

Abstrato Introdução: O México tem um alto índice de gravidez na adolescência, o que simboliza um risco para a saúde e o desenvolvimento socioeconômico desse grupo. A prevenção de uma segunda gravidez nesta fase é relevante para melhorar sua qualidade de vida. Objetivo: Explorar as representações sociais do aconselhamento contraceptivo pré-natal a partir das experiências e expectativas de gestantes adolescentes e profissionais de saúde em um segundo nível de atenção hospitalar. Metodologia: Estudo qualitativo baseado na Teoria das Representações Sociais de Serge Moscovici com dez adolescentes primíparas em qualquer trimestre da gravidez e sete profissionais de saúde; foram excluídas as adolescentes sem condições de gravidez. Foram utilizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas gravadas e analisadas em sua integridade por meio da leitura flutuante de dois pesquisadores, contrastando o discurso dos eixos temáticos propostos. Integridade, confidencialidade e autonomia foram respeitadas. Resultados: As realidades representadas pelos adolescentes mostraram necessidade de conhecimento, valores, respeito, gentileza e paciência. Os prestadores evocaram aconselhamento paternalista, más com reconhecimento de aconselhamento focado e direitos reprodutivos. Conclusão: Um número maior de participantes afirmou que o momento ideal para receber aconselhamento é durante a gravidez, pois as adolescentes grávidas expressaram a necessidade de receber informações e de ter mais tempo entre as gestações. As expectativas da aconselhamento contraceptivo pré-natal (CAP, na sigla em espanhol) diferiram quanto aos valores para dar lugar a uma atitude paternalista por parte do provedor de saúde e a preferência das adolescentes por uma assessoria baseada no respeito, honestidade, confiança, entre outros

Resumen Introducción: México presenta una tasa elevada de embarazo adolescente lo que simboliza un riesgo a la salud y desarrollo socioeconómico de este grupo. La prevención de un segundo embarazo en esta etapa es relevante para mejorar su calidad de vida. Objetivo: Explorar las representaciones sociales de la consejería anticonceptiva prenatal a partir de las experiencias y expectativas de adolescentes gestantes y proveedores de salud en un hospital de segundo nivel de atención. Metodología: Estudio cualitativo basado en la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales de Serge Moscovici con diez adolescentes primíparas en cualquier trimestre de embarazo y siete proveedores de salud, se excluyeron adolescentes sin condición de embarazo. Se utilizó entrevista semiestructurada grabadas y analizadas en su integridad mediante lectura fluctuante realizada por dos investigadores, se contrastó el discurso de los ejes temáticos propuesto. Se respetó la integridad, confidencialidad y autonomía. Resultados: Las realidades representadas por las adolescentes mostraron necesidad de conocimientos, valores, respeto, amabilidad y paciencia. Los proveedores evocaron una consejería paternalista, pero con reconocimiento de una consejería focalizada y derechos reproductivos. Conclusión: Las experiencias similares de los participantes fueron que el momento ideal para recibir la consejería es durante el embarazo, en virtud de que las adolescentes embarazadas manifestaron necesidad de recibir información y espaciar sus embarazos. Las expectativas de la consejería anticonceptiva prenatal difirieron en los valores para dar lugar a una actitud paternalista por parte del proveedor de salud y la preferencia de las adolescentes por una consejería basada en el respeto, honestidad, confianza, entre otros.

Abstract Introduction. The network of cattle mobilization for fattening in Mexico is complex. The purpose, volume, origin, and destination of the mobilized animals determine the economic structure and market network. Objective. To analyze the market structure of the national network of cattle for fattening in Mexico from 2017 to 2021. Materials and methods. The study considered all heads of cattle mobilized for fattening in 956 municipalities (supply) and 1173 destination municipalities (demand) within Mexico from 2017 to 2021. The market structure was analyzed using economic, density, and centrality measures from Social Network Analysis (SNA). Results. The network of cattle mobilization for fattening was composed of 31 sources and 32 destinations, with an average annual mobilization of of 3.9 million heads of cattle and 73.6 heads of cattle per mobilization. The most important states in cattle mobilization, both in origin and destination, were Chiapas and Durango. In all cattle sources and destinations, there was a high concentration of fattening steers, as they had low centrality and density measures throughout the network. Veracruz and Durango were the most influential both in origin and destination. Conclusions. The cattle fattening market network in Mexico has a structure with high density and low centrality. The degree of specialization, both in sources and destinations, is low. Supply is concentrated in the southeast, while demand is concentrated in the north and center of the country. This information allows the establishment of three networks: sanitary prevention, cattle traceability, and market information.

Resumen Introducción. La red de movilización de ganado bovino para engorda en México es compleja. El motivo, volumen, origen y destino de los animales movilizados, determinan la estructura económica y red de mercado. Objetivo. Analizar la estructura de mercado de la red nacional de bovinos para engorda en México de 2017 a 2021. Materiales y métodos. El estudio consideró todas las cabezas de ganado movilizado para engorda en 956 municipios de origen (oferta) y 1173 municipios de destino (demanda) dentro de México del año 2017 a 2021. La estructura del mercado se analizó con medidas económicas, de densidad y centralidad del Análisis de Redes Sociales (ARS). Resultados. La red de movilización de bovinos para engorda se conformó con 31 orígenes y 32 destinos, un promedio anual de 3,9 millones de cabezas de ganado bovino movilizadas y 73,6 cabezas de ganado por movilización. Los Estados más importantes en la movilización de ganado, en origen y destino, fueron Chiapas y Durango. En todos los orígenes y destinos del ganado se encontró una alta concentración de novillo para engorda, porque tuvieron medidas de centralidad y densidad bajas de toda la red. Tanto en origen como en destino Veracruz y Durango fueron los más influyentes. Conclusiones. La red de mercado de bovinos para engorda en México tiene una estructura con alta densidad y baja centralidad. El grado de especialización, tanto de orígenes y destinos, es bajo. La oferta se concentra en el sureste y la demanda en el norte y centro del país. Esta información permite establecer tres redes: prevención sanitaria, trazabilidad del ganado e información de mercados.

RESUMO Introdução As sociedades atuais e a sua constante evolução e globalização, têm demonstrado um impacto significativo na forma como se estruturam os postos de trabalho ao longo dos anos, nos quais, mais recentemente e com maior tradução mediática, se destaca a possibilidade de praticar teletrabalho, potenciada pela inovação tecnológica. Objetivos Conhecer a literatura mais recentemente publicada acerca do teletrabalho; bem como a sua relação com fatores de risco de origem psicossocial e inferir sobre a necessidade de implementação e aperfeiçoamento de políticas voltadas para promoção da saúde mental em contexto ocupacional, com enfoque na prevenção dos riscos psicossociais. Metodologia Revisão da literatura integrativa com os termos “teleworking”, “remote work”, “telework”, “telecommuting”, “psychosocial risks”, “mental health” e “occupational health”, em português e em inglês. Foram utilizadas como principais bases de dados a Pubmed, UpToDate, Clinical Key, Medscape, World Health Organization, International Labour Organization, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, bem como a Revista Portuguesa de Saúde Ocupacional e a Direção Geral de Saúde. Selecionaram-se os 24 documentos com maior relevância na temática em estudo, publicados entre 2010 e 2023. Discussão As fontes de riscos psicossociais do teletrabalho encontram-se em constante mudança e acompanham as alterações demográficas e da organização. A prática de teletrabalho parece ser uma oferta cada vez mais comum, a sua adoção em larga escala e inesperada devido à COVID-19 e coligada ao enorme avanço dos processos de digitalização, aumentaram as situações de stress tecnológico entre os trabalhadores, com possíveis consequências adversas para a saúde mental. Esta massificação do Teletrabalho, embora com o intuito de proteger os trabalhadores relativamente a um risco biológico aumentou, em diversas situações, o isolamento social, os conflitos trabalho-família e a falta de suporte social, com consequências negativas na saúde mental da população ativa. Conclusão Com o aumento deste tipo de trabalho emerge a necessidade de avaliar os fatores de risco psicossociais que surgem em conformidade, para que estes sejam reconhecidos pelos peritos em saúde ocupacional e intervencionados, assegurando assim que o teletrabalho se torna mais saudável.

ABSTRACT Introduction Our society’s characteristics, with their constant evolution and globalization, have shown a significant impact on the way jobs have been structured over the years, with one of the most highlighted aspects being the possibility of practicing telecommuting. The prevalence of telecommuting and other forms of remote work enabled by technological innovations has increased in recent years. Objectives Exploring the most recently published literature on telecommuting; examining its relationship with psychosocial risk factors and making inferences about the need for the implementation and improvement of policies aimed at promoting mental health in occupational settings, with a focus on preventing psychosocial risks. Methodology Integrative literature review using the terms "teleworking," "remote work," "telework," "telecommuting," "psychosocial risks," "mental health," and "occupational health" in both Portuguese and English. The primary databases used for the research included Pubmed, UpToDate, Clinical Key, Medscape, World Health Organization, International Labour Organization, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “Revista Portuguesa de Saúde Ocupacional” and “Direção Geral de Saúde”. A total of 24 documents with the highest relevance to the study’s theme were selected, published between 2010 and 2023. Discussion Psychosocial risks in telecommuting are undergoing constant changes and align with demographic, nature, content and organization. These changes may increase exposure to already recognized psychosocial risks or give rise to new emergent ones. The widespread and unexpected adoption of telecommuting due to COVID-19 with the simultaneous advancement of digitization processes have made telecommuting a more common practice. However, this mass adoption has increased instances of technological stress among workers, potentially leading to adverse consequences for mental health. While the widespread implementation of telecommuting aimed to protect workers from biological risks, it has, in various situations, increased social isolation, work-family conflicts, and a lack of social support, with negative consequences for the mental health of the working population. Conclusion The increasing of telecommuting in our society is leading to assess the psychosocial risk factors that arise with it, so that they are recognized by occupational health experts and intervened upon, thus ensuring that telecommuting becomes healthier.

Abstract The discourse on mental health has strongly permeated educational spaces, evidenced by the proliferation of policies and initiatives related to Social and Emotional Learning, which urgently emphasizes socioemotional development and works towards the psychological and subjective well-being of students. This article aims to conduct an analysis of the concept of "therapization" as a specific strategy of psychologization. These concepts will be explored based on the notion of a (psycho)therapeutic device, using data from two research projects where education professionals responsible for implementing Social and Emotional Learning policies in Chilean schools were interviewed. Through a theoretical/empirical integration, the goal is to discuss the concept of "therapization" as a phenomenon from which mental health prevention strategies emerge. This is based on the development of a device that normalizes a particular way of experiencing emotionality and one's vulnerability.

Resumen El discurso acerca de la salud mental ha permeado fuertemente en los espacios educativos, evidenciado en la proliferación de políticas e iniciativas de Aprendizaje Social y Emocional, que instala como urgente el desarrollo socioemocional y el trabajo por el bienestar psicológico y subjetivo de estudiantes. Este artículo pretende realizar un análisis del concepto de terapización como estrategia específica de psicologización. Se trabajarán dichos conceptos en base a la noción de dispositivo (psico)terapéutico, utilizando datos de dos proyectos de investigación en los que se entrevistó a trabajadores y trabajadoras de la educación encargados/as de implementar políticas de Aprendizaje Socio Emocional en escuelas chilenas. Mediante una integración teórico/empírica, se busca discutir el concepto de terapización como fenómeno desde el cual se desarrollan estrategias de prevención ligadas a la salud mental, basado en el desarrollo de un dispositivo que normaliza una forma particular de experimentar la emocionalidad y la propia vulnerabilidad.

Abstract Sudden cardiac death is a common occurrence. Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is a global public health problem suffered by ≈3.8 million people annually. Progress has been made in the knowledge of this disease, its prevention, and treatment; however, most events occur in people without a previous diagnosis of heart disease. Due to its multifactorial and complex nature, it represents a challenge in public health, so it led us to work in a consensus to achieve the implementation of cardioprotected areas in Mexico as a priority mechanism to treat these events. Public access cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and early defibrillation require training of non-medical personnel, who are usually the first responders in the chain of survival. They should be able to establish a basic and efficient CPR and use of the automatic external defibrillator (AED) until the emergency services arrive at the scene of the incident. Some of the current problems in Mexico and alternative solutions for them are addressed in the present work.

Resumen La muerte súbita cardíaca (SCD) es un acontecimiento común. El paro cardiaco extrahospitalario (OHCA) es un problema de salud pública mundial que sufren ≈3.8 millones de personas al año. Se ha avanzado en el conocimiento de esta enfermedad, su prevención y tratamiento, sin embargo, la mayoría de los eventos se producen en personas sin diagnóstico previo de cardiopatía. Debido a su carácter multifactorial y complejo, representa un reto en salud pública, lo que obliga a trabajar en un consenso para lograr la implementación de "Espacios Cardio protegidos" en México, como mecanismo prioritario de atención a estos eventos. La reanimación cardiopulmonar básica (RCPB) y la desfibrilación temprana de acceso público requieren de entrenamiento al personal no médico, que suelen ser los primeros respondientes para iniciar la cadena de la supervivencia. Ellos deberían instaurar una RCPB eficiente y el uso del desfibrilador automático externo (AED) hasta que lleguen al lugar del incidente los servicios de emergencias. El presente trabajo menciona algunos de los problemas actuales en México y algunas opciones de solución para los mismos.

The partial or complete loss of vegetation cover triggers an increase in surface runoff, erosion, and sedimentation of water bodies, including reservoirs for hydroelectric power generation, reducing their life expectancy. To control or mitigate this issue, ecological restoration interventions should prioritize the recovery of areas most vulnerable to these processes, such as springs. Conversely, wildfires cause damage to vegetation cover and hinder ecological restoration and/or natural regeneration processes. Therefore, this study aimed to identify - with the aid of Geographic Information Systems - the temporal and spatial likelihood of fire occurrences in spring recharge areas undergoing ecological restoration and contributing to hydroelectric reservoirs in southern Minas Gerais, Brazil. The findings indicated that the months with the highest probability of wildfire occurrences were August and September (accounting for 66% of cases), requiring increased attention to prevention efforts. Furthermore, locations most susceptible to fires (steeper slopes, more flammable vegetation, and higher anthropogenic use) should be treated as priorities for both prevention and ecological restoration actions

A perda parcial ou total da cobertura vegetal desencadeia um aumento do escoamento superficial, erosão e assoreamento de corpos hídricos, entre eles os reservatórios para a geração de energia hidroelétrica, reduzindo sua expectativa de vida útil. Para tentar controlar ou corrigir este problema, intervenções de restauração ecológica devem priorizar a recuperação de áreas mais frágeis a estes processos, como as nascentes. Por outro lado, a ocorrência de incêndios promove danos à cobertura vegetal e inibem os processos de restauração ecológica e/ou regeneração natural. Desta forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi identificar - com o auxílio de Sistemas de Informações Geográficas - a época mais provável e os locais mais susceptíveis aos incêndios, em áreas de recarga de nascentes sob processo de restauração ecológica e que são contribuintes de reservatórios hidroelétricos no sul de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Os resultados demonstraram que os meses de maior probabilidade de ocorrências de incêndios florestais foram agosto e setembro (66% dos casos), o que exigirá maior atenção quando das ações de prevenção. Bem assim, que os locais mais susceptíveis à ocorrência de incêndios (maior inclinação, vegetação mais inflamável e maior uso antrópico) necessitarão ser tratados como prioritários, tanto para ações de prevenção quanto de restauração ecológica

In the South African public healthcare sector, 28% of diabetic patients present to primary healthcare clinics with diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), often presenting in advanced stages of ulcer severity. In this study, we aimed to categorise factors predisposing individuals to developing a DFU and to identify the potential shortcomings in existing treatment plans in the South African healthcare system. In addition, the use of preventative measures in the management of DFUs was examined as well as the influence of past treatment practices. A total minimum sample size of 50 DFUs was required for this study. Participants who were selected for this study had their past records reviewed in order to determine the likelihood of previous DFU infections, as well as to determine the occurrence of co-morbidities. The treatment protocol implemented was recorded. Twelve-month patient records were used to identify the infection frequency and past treatment protocols. A total of 48.9% of patients reported that they did not make use of any preventative measures. The most frequent concurrent medical conditions were hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and peripheral neuropathy. Polypharmacy was prevalent, with 55% of the population prescribed five or more medications. Potential medication interactions were examined and a total of 210 interactions were documented. An analysis of past and current treatment practices revealed that 52.1% of the treatment protocols did not comply with local treatment guidelines. This study highlights the urgent need for updated DFU treatment protocols in relation to the overall management of DFUs, taking into account existing international guidelines. SIGNIFICANCE: We determined that the South African treatment guidelines and DFU classification system do not align to international standards. Furthermore, the use of preventative measures among DFU patients was poor and polypharmacy was present in the patient cohort. We emphasise the need for all members of a healthcare team, including podiatrists, clinicians, microbiologists and pharmacists, to work together in order to identify at-risk patients, prevent possible DFUs and effectively treat existing DFUs in a manner that does not contribute to antimicrobial resistance and provides the best possible outcome for the patient.

RESUMEN Las quemas controladas son comúnmente utilizadas por los agricultores en tierras de vocación forestal para la limpieza del terreno previo al establecimiento de cultivos agrícolas. El presente trabajo experimental tuvo como objetivo evaluar el comportamiento del fuego en quemas controladas en tierras de vocación forestal en la comuna Sancán, provincia de Manabí, Ecuador. Se delimitaron 10 parcelas de 1,18 x 5 m en hileras de combustible y tres parcelas de 20 x 50 m en combustibles dispersos. Durante la quema se midieron las variables temperatura del aire, humedad relativa y velocidad del viento a 0,50 metros de altura del suelo y a más de 3,00 m de distancia del extremo de la parcela por donde se inició el fuego. El material combustible se caracterizó considerando peso, espesura y contenido de humedad antes de la quema. Los parámetros del comportamiento del fuego evaluados fueron velocidad de propagación, intensidad lineal del fuego, alturas de las llamas, altura de secado letal y calor liberado por unidad de área. El comportamiento del fuego mostró valores medios superiores para todos los parámetros en las parcelas ubicadas en las hileras de combustible, excepto para el caso de la velocidad de propagación. Además, en esas parcelas los valores de la desviación estándar obtenidos para cada variable indican mayor dispersión de los datos con respecto a la media lo cual supone un comportamiento del fuego menos homogéneo en sentido general. Los resultados obtenidos pueden ser utilizados para fundamentar el uso responsable del fuego en tierras de vocación forestal.

RESUMO A queima controlada é comumente usada por agricultores em terras florestais para limpar a terra antes do estabelecimento de culturas agrícolas. O objetivo deste trabalho experimental foi avaliar o comportamento do fogo em queimadas controladas em terras florestais na comuna de Sancán, província de Manabí, Equador. Foram delimitadas 10 parcelas de 1,18 x 5 m em fileiras de combustíveis e três parcelas de 20 x 50 m em combustíveis dispersos. Durante a queima, as variáveis temperatura do ar, umidade relativa e velocidade do vento foram medidas a 0,50 metros do solo e a mais de 3,00 m de distância do final da parcela onde ocorreu o incêndio. O material combustível foi caracterizado considerando peso, espessura e teor de umidade antes da queima. Os parâmetros de comportamento do fogo avaliados foram velocidade de propagação, intensidade linear do fogo, altura das chamas, altura de secagem letal e calor liberado por unidade de área. O comportamento do fogo apresentou maiores valores médios para todos os parâmetros nas parcelas localizadas nas linhas de combustível, exceto para o caso da velocidade de propagação. Além disso, nestas parcelas os valores de desvio padrão obtidos para cada variável indicam maior dispersão dos dados em relação à média, o que implica um comportamento do fogo menos homogéneo de uma forma geral. Os resultados obtidos podem ser utilizados para apoiar o uso responsável do fogo em terras florestais.

ABSTRACT Controlled burning is commonly used by farmers on forestry lands to clear the land prior to establishing agricultural crops. The objective of this experimental work was to evaluate the behavior of fire in controlled burning on forestry lands in the Sancán commune, province of Manabí, Ecuador. 10 plots of 1.18 x 5 m were delimited in fuel rows and three plots of 20 x 50 m in dispersed fuels. During the burning, the variables air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed were measured at 0.50 meters above the ground and more than 3.00 m away from the end of the plot where the fire started. The fuel material was characterized considering weight, thickness and moisture content before burning. The fire behavior parameters evaluated were propagation speed, linear fire intensity, flame heights, lethal drying height and heat released per unit area. Fire behavior showed higher mean values for all parameters in the plots located in the fuel rows, except for the case of propagation speed. Besides, in these plots, the standard deviation values obtained for each variable indicate greater dispersion of the data with respect to the mean, which implies less homogeneous fire behavior in a general sense. The results obtained can be used to support the responsible use of fire in forestry lands.

RESUMEN Introducción: El virus chikungunya (CHIKV) causa una enfermedad con manifestaciones agudas bien documentadas, pero existen pocos datos sobre la persistencia de síntomas y secuelas a largo plazo. Objetivos: Evaluar la persistencia de signos, síntomas y factores asociados en pacientes con infección por CHIKV en un seguimiento de 6 meses posinfección. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de cohorte ambispectivo que incluyó casos confirmados de CHIKV notificados en abril de 2023 en Coronel Oviedo, Paraguay. Se realizaron entrevistas al mes, a los tres meses y a los 6 meses posinfección. Se analizaron características demográficas, comorbilidades, manifestaciones reumáticas y sintomáticas. Resultados: Ingresaron 333 participantes, completando seguimiento a 6 meses 170 pacientes. A los 6 meses persistieron: dolor de espalda (61.2%), artritis (57.1%), cefalea (54.1%), fatiga (51.2%), mialgia (49.4%), debilidad (47.6%), depresión (45.9%) y artralgia (45.9%). La persistencia de artritis (OR 7.54; p=0.008) y mialgia (OR 3.24; p=0.031) a 6 meses fue mayor en el grupo de 36-45 años. Conclusiones: Alta persistencia de síntomas musculoesqueléticos y fatiga hasta 6 meses posinfección, con tendencia decreciente, pero exacerbación de depresión. Edad entre 36-45 años asociada a mayor persistencia. Se requieren protocolos de seguimiento integral, investigar mecanismos fisiopatológicos y fortalecer prevención, dado el impacto individual y socioeconómico de la enfermedad.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) causes a disease with well-documented acute manifestations, but there is limited data on the persistence of symptoms and long-term sequelae. Objectives: To evaluate the persistence of signs, symptoms, and associated factors in patients with CHIKV infection during a 6-month post-infection follow-up. Material and Methods: An ambispective cohort study that included confirmed cases of CHIKV reported in April 2023 in Coronel Oviedo, Paraguay. Interviews were conducted at 1, 3 and 6 months post-infection. Demographic characteristics, comorbidities, rheumatic, and symptomatic manifestations were analyzed. Results: 333 participants were enrolled, with 170 patients completing the 6-month follow-up. At 6 months, the following symptoms persisted: back pain (61.2%), arthritis (57.1%), headache (54.1%), fatigue (51.2%), myalgia (49.4%), weakness (47.6%), depression (45.9%), and arthralgia (45.9%). The persistence of arthritis (OR 7.54, p=0.008) and myalgia (OR 3.24, p=0.031) at 6 months was higher in the 36-45 age group. Conclusions: High persistence of musculoskeletal symptoms and fatigue up to 6 months post-infection, with a decreasing trend but exacerbation of depression. Age between 36-45 years was associated with greater persistence. Comprehensive follow-up protocols, investigation of pathophysiological mechanisms, and strengthening prevention are required, given the individual and socioeconomic impact of the disease.

RESUMEN Introducción: Educación y autocuidado son pilares en el tratamiento de la Diabetes Mellitus (DM) y prevención de complicaciones como la enfermedad del pie relacionada a la diabetes (EPRD). Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de conocimiento de DM y el autocuidado de los pies en pacientes con DM tipo 2. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo, prospectivo, corte transversal; realizado en pacientes adultos con DM tipo 2, que acudieron a consulta endocrinológica y podológica en Hospital Central del Instituto de Previsión Social, en un periodo de 9 meses, desde setiembre 2022 a junio 2023. Tras al menos 2 consultas en cada especialidad, se solicitó el llenado de los cuestionarios DKQ24 y APD-UMA para evaluar conocimiento sobre DM y autocuidado de los pies respectivamente. Resultados: Se incluyó a 103 pacientes, 57% mujeres, 63±11 años de Diabetes, 14±8,45; 29% educación primaria, índice de masa corporal 30,56±5,31, hipertensión arterial 83,5%, 11,6% tabaquistas, retinopatía 35,9%, pérdida de la sensibilidad protectora (PSP) en pies 53,4%, enfermedad arterial periférica 20,4%, deformidades 49,5% y lesiones previas 27,2% en pies; amputación menor 2,9%, amputación mayor 1 %. HBA1c media 8% (±1,3), clearence de creatininia 78,2 mg/dL/m2 (±21,42). Niveles de conocimiento: bueno 68 (66%), regular 34 (33%) y escasos 1(1%). Autocuidado de los pies: promedio de respuestas entre muy adecuadas y adecuadas: 87,4 (84,8%), regular: 9,4 (9,2%); entre inadecuadas y muy inadecuadas 7 (6,8%). Conclusión: Los pacientes con DM2 que acuden a consulta multidisciplinaria tienen un alto conocimiento sobre su patología y autocuidado de los pies, lo que ayudaría a la prevención de complicaciones, teniendo en cuenta que son un grupo de riesgo para EPRD.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Education and self-care are pillars in the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and prevention of complications such as diabetes-related foot disease (DPERD). Objetive: Determine the level of knowledge of DM and foot self-care in patients with type 2 DM. Materials and methods: Descriptive, prospective, cross-sectional observational study; performed in adult patients with type 2 DM, who attended an endocrinological and podiatric consultation at the Central Hospital of the Institute of Social Security, in a period of 9 months, from September 2022 to June 2023. After at least 2 consultations in each specialty, a filling out the DKQ24 and APD-UMA questionnaires to evaluate knowledge about DM and foot self-care respectively. Results: 103 patients were included, 57% women, 63±11 years of Diabetes, 14±8.45; 29% primary education, body mass index 30.56±5.31, high blood pressure 83.5%, 11.6% smokers, retinopathy 35.9%, loss of protective sensitivity (PSP) in feet 53.4%, peripheral arterial disease 20.4%, deformities 49.5% and previous injuries 27.2% in the feet; minor amputation 2.9%, major amputation 1%. HBA1c mean 8% (±1.3), creatinine clearance 78.2 mg/dL/m2 (±21.42). Knowledge levels: good 68 (66%), regular 34 (33%) and poor 1 (1%). Foot self-care: average of responses between very adequate and adequate: 87.4 (84.8%), regular: 9.4 (9.2%); between inadequate and very inadequate 7 (6.8%). Conclusion: Patients with DM2 who attend multidisciplinary consultation have an elevated level of knowledge about their foot pathology and self-care, which would help prevent complications, considering that they are a risk group for EPRD.

RESUMEN El cáncer es una de las causas de muerte más habitual por enfermedad en menores. Debido a los grandes avances en la investigación médica y los tratamientos, una gran tasa de niños la supera, de ahí que la promoción, prevención y tratamiento constituye un reto necesario a asumir a partir del análisis de sus dimensiones. El objetivo del trabajo es diseñar un sistema de actividades psicoterapéuticas para el perfeccionamiento de la atención a los pacientes oncológicos en el Hospital Provincial Pediátrico de Camagüey. La metodología empleada fue la cuanticualitativa (análisis de documentos, entrevista, encuestas, observación, entre otros). Se fundamentan teóricamente los elementos conceptuales, se exponen los asuntos psicosociales y didácticos de su diseño, así como la valoración por especialistas. Los resultados introducidos en la práctica desde la Sala de Oncología fueron apreciados favorablemente por los pacientes y familiares en 10 sesiones que incluyeron temas como la autoestima y asertividad.

ABSTRACT Cancer is one of the most common causes of death due to illness in children. Due to the great advances in medical research and treatments, a large percentage of children overcome it, hence promotion, prevention and treatment constitute a necessary challenge to assume based on the analysis of its dimensions. The objective of the work is to design a system of psychconapeutic activities to improve care for oncological patients at the Provincial Pediatric Hospital of Camagüey. The methodology used was quantitative (document analysis, interview, surveys, observation, among cons). The conceptual elements are theoretically based, the psychosocial and didactic issues of its design are exposed, as well as the assessment by specialists. The results introduced into practice from the Oncology Ward were favorably appreciated by patients and family members in 10 sessions that included topics such as self-esteem and assertiveness.

Thirty-eight years into the HIV and AIDS pandemic, the world is still striving to reduce global HIV infections towards zero new infections and AIDS-related deaths by 2030. Sub-Saharan Africa continues to carry the burden of global HIV infections as governmental and nongovernmental agencies try out different prevention strategies (UNAIDS, 2024b). Several scholars have argued that comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) is the best preventive strategy to reach youth and key populations with factual information regarding HIV and AIDS. This paper draws from the project, Mentoring as a Method to Promote Women's Health in the Context of HIV-Prevention and Unequal Gender Relations, which employed memory work, photo-voice, drama, drawings, and focus group discussions with third-year student teachers in a life orientation module. Focussing on the data generated through drama, I present an arts-based activity that was used to teach about HIV transmission to student teachers in a bid to equip them with alternative ways of teaching school-learners about HIV and AIDS. The findings highlight student teachers' lived experiences and how they have shaped their perceptions of HIV infections and living with AIDS. I argue from the findings, that arts-based pedagogies allow for enhanced understanding of complex phenomena due to their participatory and in-built intervention nature. Thus, I posit that pedagogies that employ participatory, arts-based, and visual methodologies should be extensively employed in teacher-education towards reducing new HIV infections among the youth.

Resumen: En el presente estudio, se analiza el desempeño sísmico de un sistema dual de hormigón armado (pórticos y muros especiales) con diferentes niveles de irregularidad torsional. Se plantean tres arquetipos, cada uno con un nivel de irregularidad torsional distinto (IT 1.0, IT 1.2 e IT 1.4) con la finalidad de evaluar el efecto de la irregularidad torsional en el desempeño sísmico. Los elementos estructurales de los arquetipos cumplen con el diseño sismorresistente. Además, se tomó en cuenta los factores de sobre-resistencia y amplificación dinámica para determinar el corte de diseño en los muros estructurales. Se realizaron análisis estático y dinámicos no lineales para cuantificar las respuestas globales y locales de cada uno de los modelos. Los modelos analíticos de muros estructurales son calibrados en función de los datos obtenidos en ensayos experimentales existentes, de esta manera se valida los elementos tipo fibra (infrmFB) usados y los parámetros de los modelos constitutivos de los materiales. Se realizan análisis dinámicos incrementales (IDA) para cada uno de los arquetipos con los once registros sísmicos seleccionados de la base del PEER. Las curvas IDA son desarrolladas con dos parámetros de demanda ingenieril: derivas de piso y deformaciones unitarias. Finalmente, se elaboran las curvas de fragilidad para los niveles de desempeño de ocupación inmediata, seguridad de vida y prevención de colapso, y se determinan los coeficientes de margen con la finalidad de cuantificar las probabilidades de alcanzar los niveles de desempeño mencionados.

Abstract: This research evaluates the seismic performance of a dual reinforced concrete system with different levels of torsional irregularity. Three archetypes are proposed, each of them with a different level of torsional irregularity (IT 1.0, IT 1.2 and IT 1.4) in order to evaluate the effect of torsional irregularity on seismic performance. The structural elements of the archetypes comply with the seismic design. In addition, the factors of overstrength and dynamic amplification were considered to determine the design shear force in the structural walls. Linear static and nonlinear dynamic analysis were performed to quantify the global and local responses of each of the models. The analytical models of structural walls are calibrated based on the data of existing experimental tests, thus validating the fiber-type elements (infrmFB) used and the parameters of the constitutive models of the materials. Incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) is performed for each of the archetypes with the eleven seismic records selected from the PEER database. IDA curves are developed with two engineering demand parameters: story drifts and strains. Finally, the fragility curves are elaborated for the immediate occupancy, life safety, and collapse prevention performance levels, and the margin ratio are determined to quantify the probabilities of reaching a certain level of performance.