Schiff bases are diverse organic compounds with an azomethine structure (–C=N–), holding potential in both chemistry and biology. They serve as catalysts, stabilizers, and exhibit various biological activities. The molecular structure of Schiff bases influences their biological properties, including antimicrobial effects. Redox-active compounds with more negative potentials tend to be more effective against microbes. In one of our recent studies, we explored the antimicrobial properties of two Schiff bases derivatives, SB-1 ((E)-4-amino-3-((3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino) and SB-2 ((E)-2-((4-nitrobenzilidene)amino)aniline). SB-1 showed antibacterial activity against certain Gram-positive bacteria, while SB-2 did not. The difference in their cyclic voltametric profiles, especially SB-1’s more negative reduction potential, prompted us to carry out further characterizations, including scan-rate studies, solvent analysis, and computational calculations. We found that SB-1, which presents a stable intramolecular hydrogen bond, undergoes irreversible oxidation, likely at the –NH2 group, and a quasi-reversible reduction via an intramolecular reductive coupling of the (–C=N–) azomethine group, supported by orbital theoretical calculations. This research sheds light on the potential applications of Schiff bases in antimicrobial contexts, guided by their redox properties and structure.

Resumen Introducción: La Escala de Estrés Percibido-4 (EEP-4) es una medida de autoinforme ultrabreve para evaluar el estrés psicológico. Este estudio evaluó las propiedades psicométricas del EEP-4 en Colombia. Método: Un total de 1911 participantes adultos con educación universitaria completaron el EEP-4. Se exploraron las características de los ítems y las subescalas. La dimensionalidad se evaluó mediante análisis de componentes principales y análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC), incorporando una examinación de invarianza (configural, métrica, escalar y estricta) según las características sociodemográficas. También se calculó la validez de constructo (convergente y discriminante), los índices de fiabilidad, los grupos conocidos y la validez predictiva. Resultados: El AFC mostró que el modelo de un factor (estrés psicológico) con efectos de método (términos de error correlacionados en los ítems con frases negativas) era el más apropiado según los índices de ajuste y las consideraciones de parsimonia, siendo invariante según el género y la edad, pero no según el nivel de ingresos y la situación laboral. La consistencia interna fue adecuada para el EEP-4. Se identificaron correlaciones positivas significativas del EEP-4 con la depresión y la ansiedad, así como correlaciones negativas significativas con el crecimiento postraumático y la resiliencia. El EEP-4 mostró una capacidad adecuada para predecir posibles síntomas de depresión y ansiedad, así como factores protectores como la resiliencia y el crecimiento postraumático. Se observaron puntuaciones más altas en la EEP-4 entre los jóvenes, así como entre las personas con ingresos más bajos y en situación de desempleo. Conclusiones: Estos hallazgos sugieren que la EEP-4 podría ser una herramienta fiable y válida para evaluar el estrés psicológico en colombianos con educación universitaria.

Abstract Introduction: The Perceived Stress Scale-4 (PSS-4) is an ultra-brief self-report measure to assess psychological stress. This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the PSS-4 in Colombia. Method: A total of 1,911 adult participants with a university education completed the PSS-4. The characteristics of the items and the subscales were explored. The dimensionality was assessed using principal component analysis and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), incorporating an examination of invariance (configural, metric, scalar, and strict) across socio-demographic characteristics. Construct validity (convergent and discriminant), reliability indices, know-groups, and predictive validity were also computed. Results: CFA showed that the one-factor model (psychological stress) with method effects (correlated error terms on the negative-phrased items) was the most appropriate according to fit indices and parsimony considerations, being invariant across gender and age, but not across income level and work status. Internal consistency was adequate for the PSS-4. Significant positive correlations of the PSS-4 were identified with depression and anxiety, as well as significant negative correlations were identified with post-traumatic growth and resilience. The PSS-4 showed adequate capacity to predict potential depressive and anxiety symptoms, as well as protective factors such as resilience and post-traumatic growth. Higher scores on the PSS-4 were observed among young people, as well as among people with lower incomes and those who are unemployed. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the PSS-4 can be a reliable and valid tool for assessing psychological stress in Colombians with a university education.

Resumen: El presente estudio investigó los efectos de la visualización de imágenes de equipos favoritos y rivales en los indicadores de valencia y activación emocional para averiguar la interacción con los niveles de fanatismo de los hinchas de fútbol. Veintisiete voluntarios (M= 22 años; DE= 3.25) participaron en este experimento, quienes evaluaron la agradabilidad (valencia hedónica) y la excitación emocional (activación) desencadenada por un conjunto de imágenes neutrales, positivas y negativas del International System of Affective Pictures (IAPS), con más de 30 imágenes experimentales del equipo favorito y el rival. Las evaluaciones se realizaron utilizando la escala Self Assessment Manikin (SAM) y la Escala de Fanatismo en Hinchas de Fútbol (EFHF). Análisis comparativos demostraron que el nivel de fanatismo no influyó en la atribución de la valencia hedónica de las imágenes. Sin embargo, las personas con niveles más altos de fanatismo presentaron una excitación superior ante imágenes neutras (p< .01; d = 0.914), imágenes del equipo favorito (p< .01; d= 1.49) e imágenes del equipo rival (p< .01; d= 0.83). El análisis de dispersión sugirió la implicación de los sistemas motivacionales apetitivos y aversivos en respuesta a las imágenes del equipo favorito y rival, respectivamente. Los resultados del estudio ayudan a comprender el fanatismo en el fútbol.

Abstract: The present study investigated the effects of the favorite and rival team visualization on valence and emotional arousal indicators, verifying for possible interactions with the fanaticism level in soccer fans. Twenty-seven volunteers (Mage = 22; SD= 3.25) participated in this experiment, who evaluated the pleasantness (hedonic valence) and the emotional arousal (activation) triggered by a set of neutral, positive and negative images of the International System of Affective Pictures (IAPS) plus 30 experimental images of the favorite and rival team. Evaluations were performed using the Self Assessment Manikin (SAM) scale and the Football Supporter Fanatism Scale (FSFS). Comparative analysis revealed that fanaticism did not influence the assignment of hedonic valence to the images. However, individuals with higher levels of fanaticism exhibited greater arousal in response to neutral (p< .01; d= 0.914), favorite (p< .01; d= 1.49), and rival images (p< .01; d= 0.83). The dispersion analysis suggested the involvement of appetitive and aversive motivational systems in response to images of the favorite and rival teams, respectively. The study findings lead to a better understanding of the fanaticism in soccer.

Resumo: O presente estudo investigou os efeitos da visualização de imagens de times favoritos e rivais nos indicadores de valência e ativação emocional, averiguando possíveis interações com os níveis de fanatismo em torcedores de futebol. Participaram deste experimento 27 voluntários (M= 22 anos; DP= 3,25), que avaliaram a agradabilidade (valência hedônica) e a excitação emocional (ativação) desencadeada por um conjunto de imagens neutras, positivas e negativas do Sistema Internacional de Figuras Afetivas (IAPS), acrescido de 30 imagens experimentais pareadas, sendo 15 do time favorito e 15 do time rival. As avaliações foram realizadas através da escala Self Assessment Manikin (SAM) e da Escala de Fanatismo em Torcedores de Futebol (EFTF). Análises comparativas demonstraram que o nível de fanatismo não influenciou na atribuição da valência hedônica às imagens. Contudo, o grupo com níveis mais altos de fanatismo apresentou maior excitação emocional em resposta a imagens neutras (p< 0,01; d= 0,914), do time favorito (p< 0,01; d= 1,49) e do time rival (p< 0,01; d= 0,83). A análise de dispersão sugeriu o envolvimento dos sistemas motivacionais apetitivo e aversivo em reação às imagens do time favorito e rival, respectivamente. Os resultados do estudo auxiliam na compreensão do fenômeno do fanatismo no futebol.

ABSTRACT Climate change is called the global variation in the Earth's climate due to natural causes, but mainly due to human action. The challenge of adapting to new climate conditions and participating in mitigation strategies entails economic costs that make climate change an essential conditioning factor for the characteristics and options of economic development in the coming decades. The labor impact of climate change mitigation policies are policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and adaptation policies are policies that predict the consequences of climate change. It can be said that when the economy suffers, so does employment. However, what is difficult to analyze are the effects that this produces, since these effects on the economy may not translate into immediate and visible changes in all scenarios; although both positive and negative effects are evident in some sectors due to these changes. The objective of this work was to study green jobs and their adaptation to climate change in Paraguay, in the year 2023. For this, the methodology used was bibliographic documentary analysis, since the Global Green Economy Index (GGEI) is analyzed. in order to evaluate the favorable circumstances that allow building a transition towards a green economy. It is expected that this work can serve as a basis for the study of green employment in Paraguay and as input for other research in the economic area.

RESUMEN Se denomina cambio climático a la variación global del clima de la Tierra debido a causas naturales, pero principalmente a la acción humana. El reto de adaptarse a las nuevas condiciones climáticas y participar en estrategias de mitigación supone costos económicos que hacen del cambio climático un factor condicionante esencial de las características y opciones del desarrollo económico en las próximas décadas. El impacto laboral de las políticas de mitigación del cambio climático, son políticas para reducir las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero, y las de adaptación, son políticas que predicen las consecuencias del cambio climático. Se puede decir que cuando la economía sufre, también lo hace el empleo. Sin embargo, lo difícil de analizar son los efectos que esto produce, ya que dichos efectos sobre la economía pueden no traducirse en cambios inmediatos y visibles en todos los escenarios; aunque se evidencie efectos tanto positivos como negativos en algunos sectores debido a estos cambios. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo estudiar los empleos verdes y su adaptación al cambio climático en Paraguay, en el año 2023. Para ello, la metodología empleada fue el análisis documental bibliográfico, ya que se analiza el Índice Global de la Economía Verde (GGEI), de manera a evaluar las circunstancias favorables que permiten construir una transición hacia una economía verde. Se espera que este trabajo pueda servir como base para el estudio del empleo verde en Paraguay y de insumo a otras investigaciones del área económica.

ABSTRACT Soil salinization, a rising issue globally, is a negative effect of the ever-changing climate, which has drawn attention to, and exacerbated problems related to soil degradation and the decline in wetland rice (Oryza sativa L.) production, leading to an unstable national economy. The use of rhizosphere inhabiting microorganisms (plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, PGPR) is a viable method for boosting agricultural production on saline soils and reduce salt stress in rice crops. The objective of this study was to support the development of rice under salt stress by using a consortium of bacterial strains. ‘Pokkali’ rice plants inoculated with single Bacillus tequilensis and B. aryabhattai isolates were compared with consortium and non-inoculated plants while salinity was increased and by irrigation with tap water (control), 30 mM (5 dS m-1) and 60 mM (10 dS m-1) NaCl. The present study exhibited that inoculation of a mixed inoculum at 5 dS m-1 resulted in significantly higher dry weight of the shoots and roots of seedlings (9.29 and 1.24 g, respectively) which was due to the increased SPAD value, proline content (7.55 µmol g-1 FW), and antioxidant enzyme activity in the inoculated plants. The higher accumulation of osmoprotectants such as proline supported Na+ ion reduction and antioxidant enzymes such as ascorbate peroxidase and reduced polyphenol oxidase content protect against higher cellular damage, eventually leading to increase plant growth performance in saline soil. This study demonstrates some positive effects of the locally isolated salt tolerant consortium PGPR strains on the growth of rice plants under salt stress conditions.

ABSTRACT The interaction between bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes and N-fixing microorganisms has the potential to be utilized in sustainable agricultural production. Thus, the aim of this study was to verify the effects of the interaction for growth, production and nodulation characteristics between the bacteria Rhizobium tropici and Azospirillum brasilense among different bean genotypes. The experiments were conducted in the Selvíria, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, in 2018 and 2019, in randomized block design with three replicates in a 20 × 3 factorial scheme; 20 common bean genotypes were tested under three forms of inoculation (no inoculation, inoculation with R. tropici, co-inoculation of R. tropici + A. brasilense). The number of grains per pod and nodule mass had the most significant direct positive effect on grain yield. For nodulation, a positive correlation of strong magnitude was observed between mass of the aerial part and number of pods per plant (0.68), stem diameter and mass of nodules (0.92) and first pod insertion height and number of nodules (0.64). In the path analysis, the number of grains per pod had the most significant direct effect (0.57) on the grain productivity variable. Regarding nodulation characteristics, selection for nodule mass was preferred due to its direct effect on grain yield as opposed to the number of nodules, which has a negative effect. This suggests an advantage of larger nodules with greater individual mass than a large number of small nodules for both improved yield and N fixing by common bean plants.

Resumen Introducción. La ansiedad del parto y el posparto es una condición común entre las mujeres embarazadas por la incertidumbre de vivir el embarazo y el parto por primera vez o por previas experiencias negativas. El miedo al parto puede afectar el proceso del cuidado del bebé de la madre. Objetivo. Determinar el efecto de las preocupaciones maternas sobre el parto y el puerperio y su efecto sobre las conductas obsesivas y compulsivas relacionadas con el cuidado del bebé. Materiales y métodos. El estudio se realizó con 260 madres. Los datos fueron recolectados en el formulario de información descriptiva y se usaron la “Escala de miedo al parto y al período posparto” y la de “Comportamientos obsesivos y compulsivos de las madres en el período posparto relacionados con el cuidado del bebé”. Los datos fueron evaluados mediante el software SPSS™ mediante el cálculo de porcentajes, promedio, prueba t, ANOVA, correlación de Pearson y análisis de regresión múltiple. Resultados. Se encontró una correlación positiva y estadísticamente significativa entre la “Escala de miedo al parto y del período posparto” y la de “Comportamientos obsesivos y compulsivos de las madres en el período posparto relacionadas con el cuidado del bebé” (p < 0.01). En el modelo creado por análisis de regresión se observó que el 18,0% del cambio en la escala de comportamientos obsesivos-compulsivos estaba explicado por el miedo al parto y al puerperio (R2corregido = 0,180). Conclusiones. En el estudio se determinó que el miedo al parto y al puerperio era moderado. Sin embargo, a medida que aumentaba el puntaje de miedo al parto y al período posparto, también aumentaban los comportamientos obsesivos y compulsivos de las madres en el puerperio relacionados con el cuidado del bebé.

Abstract Introduction. Postpartum anxiety after childbirth is a common condition among pregnant women due to reasons such as the uncertainty of experiencing pregnancy and childbirth for the first time, or previous negative experiences. Fear of childbirth can affect the mother’s baby care process. Objective. This study was conducted analytically with a single-subject design to determine the effects of maternal concerns about childbirth and the postpartum period on obsessive and compulsive behaviors related to baby care. Materials and methods. The study was conducted with 260 mothers. Data were collected using a descriptive information form, and the scales ‘Fear of Childbirth and Postpartum Period’, and ‘Obsessive and Compulsive Behaviors of Mothers in the Postpartum Period Related to Baby Care’. The data were analyzed using the SPSS™ software to calculate percentages, mean values, t tests, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation, and simple linear regression analysis. Results. A statistically significant and positive correlation was found between participant scores of the ‘Fear of Childbirth and Postpartum Period’ and the ‘Obsessive and Compulsive Behaviors of Mothers in the Postpartum Period Related to Baby Care’ scales (p < 0.01). The regression model showed that 18.0% of the total variance in the obsessive and compulsive behaviors of mothers in the postpartum was explained by the fear of childbirth and the postpartum period (corrected R2 = 0.180). Conclusions. Fear of childbirth and the postpartum period were moderate. However, as the fear of women regarding childbirth and the postpartum period increased, their postpartum obsessive and compulsive behaviors about baby care also increased.

Resumen Introducción. Los videojuegos tienen una fuerte influencia en los niños y adolescentes. La adicción a ellos tiene efectos perjudiciales para la salud de los niños. Objetivo. Determinar la relación entre la adicción a los videojuegos y la disfunción vesical o intestinal en niños. Materiales y métodos. Los 373 niños y sus madres que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión constituyeron la muestra de este estudio descriptivo y correlacional. Los datos se recopilaron mediante un formulario de información descriptiva, la Video Game Addiction Scale for Children y el Childhood Bladder and Bowel Dysfunction Questionnaire. Resultados. El 72,5 % de los niños tenía nueve años y, el 27,5 %, diez; el 50,4 % eran hombres y el 49,6 %, mujeres. El 4,7 % de los estudiantes que participaron en el estudio tenían bajo peso, el 19,6 % presentaba sobrepeso y el 17,9 % tenía obesidad. Se constató que las puntuaciones medias de las escalas fueron 50,77 ± 16,17 para la Video Game Addiction Scale for Children y 29,98 ± 8,90 para el Childhood Bladder and Bowel Dysfunction Questionnaire. La proporción de niños con una puntuación de 90 o superior en la dicha escala fue del 0,8 % (n = 3). Se encontró que el 3,6 % (n = 13) de los niños tenía incontinencia urinario-fecal mientras jugaba videojuegos. Se reveló que había una correlación positiva débil entre las dimensiones de las dos escalas evaluadas, y la función de la vejiga y el intestino (p < 0,05). Conclusiones. El grado de adicción a los videojuegos de los niños está correlacionado con su grado de disfunción vesical o intestinal: entre mayor sea la adicción, mayor es la disfunción.

Abstract Introduction. Video games have a strong influence on children and adolescents. Video game addiction has negative effects on children’s health. Objective. To determine the relationship between video game addiction and bladder/bowel dysfunction in children. Materials and methods. Three hundred sixty-three children and their mothers who met the inclusion criteria constituted the sample of this correlational study. The data were collected using a descriptive information form, the Video Game Addiction Scale for Children, and the Childhood Bladder and Bowel Dysfunction Questionnaire. Results. We found that 72.5% of the children were nine years old and 27.5% were ten years old; 50.4% were males and 49.6% were female. While 4.7% of the children who participated in the study were underweight, 19.6% were overweight, and 17.9% were obese. The mean Video Game Addiction Scale for Children score was 50.77 ± 16.17, whereas the mean Childhood Bladder and Bowel Dysfunction Questionnaire score was 29.98 ± 8.90. The ratio of children with a mean Video Game Addiction Scale for Children scores equal to or greater than 90 was 0.8% (n = 3). We found that 3.6% (n = 13) of the children had urinary/fecal incontinence while playing video games. There was a weak positive relationship between the dimensions of the Video Game Addiction Scale for Children scores, the Childhood Bladder and Bowel Dysfunction Questionnaire scores, and children’s bladder and bowel function (r = 0.220; p < 0.05). Conclusions. There is a correlation between children’s video game addiction level and their bladder and bowel dysfunction grade. Higher video game addiction levels correspond to higher bladder and bowel dysfunction.

RESUMEN Introducción: La covid-19 alteró la situación laboral y el proceso docente educativo de las universidades médicas. Además, hubo un impacto muy negativo en todas las esferas económicas y sociales del país. En el sector de la salud se reorganizaron los servicios y recursos humanos, se afectó la producción del cuadro básico de medicamentos, aumentaron las presiones sobre el sistema de salud pública y asistencia social con el correspondiente incremento de los costos de salud pública y gastos públicos. Objetivo: Describir los efectos sociales, económicos y académicos de la covid-19 en la Facultad de Medicina No. 1 de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas en Santiago de Cuba. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo, durante rebrotes de covid-19 en el periodo de enero a julio de 2021 en trabajadores disponibles y estudiantes de primero a quinto año de la facultad. Se evaluaron características generales y socioeconómicas para cada grupo, como certificados médicos y causas, días afectados, resultados de la pesquisa, y actividad formativa. Se utilizó la estadística descriptiva para el análisis y presentación de los resultados. Resultados: La incidencia de casos positivos fue baja, pero generó miles de días de incapacidad, por aislamientos e ingreso en el hogar. Se pesquisaron más de 5 000 personas sospechosas de la enfermedad, de ellos 19,9 % resultó positivo. La promoción superó 95 % en todos los años de la carrera y fue mayor al de etapa prepidémica, al igual que la eficiencia vertical. Conclusiones: Aunque hubo efectos sociales, económicos y académicos negativos, el trabajo comunitario integral contribuyó a la preservación de la salud de la población y se desarrolló el aprendizaje a distancia.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The COVID-19 altered the employment situation and the educational teaching process of medical universities. In addition, there was a very negative impact on all economic and social areas of the country. In the health sector, services and human resources were reorganized, the production of basic medicines was affected, pressures on the public health and social welfare system increased with corresponding rise in public health costs and expenditures. Objective: To describe the social, economic and academic effects of COVID-19 in the Medical Faculty No. 1 of the Medical Science University in Santiago de Cuba. Methods: An observational, descriptive, retrospective study was conducted during the reoutbreaks of COVID-19 in the period from January to July 2021 in available workers and students from the first to the fifth year of the faculty. General and socio-economic characteristics were evaluated for each group, such as medical certificates and causes, affected days, research results and training activity. Descriptive statistics were used for the analysis and presentation of results. Results: The incidence of positive cases was low, but generated thousands of days of disability due to isolation and home intake. More than 5 000 people suspected pf the disease were surveyed, 19.9 % of them positive. The promotion exceeded 95 % in all years of the major and was higher than the pre-epidemic stage, as well as the vertical efficiency. Conclusions: Although there were negative social, economic and academic effects, the integral community work contributed to the preservation of the population´s health and online classes were developed.

RESUMEN Los niños nacidos en el mundo digital no perderán tiempo en llegar a esta nueva tecnología. Dado que cada nueva tecnología puede tener características positivas o negativas, los niños tendrán su parte de esta situación. Este estudio se realizó para investigar la creciente adicción a los juegos digitales de los niños nacidos en el mundo digital y los efectos de los juegos digitales en las dimensiones del desarrollo de los niños. En la investigación se utilizó la técnica de análisis de contenido, uno de los métodos de investigación cualitativa. En el análisis de contenido se realizan análisis detallados y se crean categorías a partir de situaciones. 98 futuros profesores que estudian en la Universidad Konya Necmettin Erbakan realizan prácticas escolares y tienen la oportunidad de observar individualmente a los niños que participaron en el estudio. Como resultado del análisis de contenido, se encontraron 6 temas principales y 4 subtemas: efectos mentales, sociales, psicológicos, biológicos y comunicativos y de múltiples dimensiones de los juegos digitales en los niños. Fueron sometidos a técnicas de análisis de contenido y apoyados en las citas directas de los participantes uno por uno. Como último comentario, profesores, responsables políticos y padres hicieron algunas recomendaciones sobre los efectos negativos de las adicciones a los juegos digitales.

ABSTRACT Children born into the digital world will not waste time in reaching this new technology. Since every new technology can have positive or negative features, children will get their share of this situation. This study was conducted to investigate the increasing digital game addiction of our children born into the digital world and the effects of digital games on the developmental dimensions of children. The content analysis technique, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the research. In content analysis, detailed analyses are made and categories are created from situations. 98 preservice teachers who study at Konya Necmettin Erbakan University go on school internships and have the opportunity to observe the children one-on-one who participated in the study. As a result of the content analysis 6 main and 4 sub-themes were found as mental, social, psychological, biological, and communicative and multiple dimension effects of digital games on children. They were subjected to content analysis techniques and supported by the direct quotes of the participants one by one. As a last remark, teachers, policymakers, and parents made some recommendations about the negative effects of digital game addictions.

ABSTRACT The Yunguyo coastline has been subject to a growing process of severe contamination as a result of anthropic action. The study analyzes the pro-environmental concerns and behaviors of the Yunguyo population regarding environmental management, coastal pollution and effects on human health. The research design is non-experimental, transversal; the approach is quantitative, of a descriptive and correlational nature, level of micro analysis and socio-environmental dimension. The study population comprises 17,343 people over 18 years of age; the sample determined at simple random was 332 heads of family. The data collection technique is the survey through a structured questionnaire. Results: The environmental concerns of the majority of the population are positive regarding sanitation, sources of contamination of the coastal coastline and negative effects on human health. The pro-environmental behaviors of the majority of the urban population of Yunguyo are adequate in environmental management, sanitation and hygiene conditions at home, and access to public social services. Conclusion: There is a relationship between concerns and pro-environmental behaviors of the population regarding environmental management and contamination of the coastal coastline.

RESUMEN El litoral costero de Yunguyo viene siendo objeto de un proceso creciente de contaminación severa producto de la acción antrópica. El estudio analiza las preocupaciones y comportamientos proambientales de la población de Yunguyo sobre gestión ambiental, contaminación del litoral costero y efectos en la salud humana. El diseño de investigación es no experimental, transversal; el enfoque es cuantitativo, de carácter descriptivo y correlacional, nivel de análisis micro y dimensión socioambiental. La población del estudio comprende 17 343 personas mayores de 18 años; la muestra determinada al azar simple fue de 332 jefes de familia. La técnica de recolección de datos es la encuesta a través de un cuestionario estructurado. Resultados: Las preocupaciones ambientales de la mayoría de la población son positivas respecto a saneamiento, fuentes de contaminación del litoral costero y efectos negativos en la salud humana. Los comportamientos proambientales de la mayoría de la población urbana de Yunguyo son adecuados en gestión ambiental, condiciones de sanidad e higiene en el hogar y acceso a servicios sociales públicos. Conclusión: Existe relación entre preocupaciones y comportamientos proambientales de la población respecto a gestión ambiental y contaminación del litoral costero.

Zusammenfassung: Ziel dieser quantitativen Studie ist es, die Korrelation zwischen den L2-Lernstrategien von Deutschlernenden und der Beherrschung der Nebensatzsyntax bei deutschen Verben festzustellen. Zur Messung der Lernstrategien wurde die Version 7 des Oxford SILL (Oxford, 2003) verwendet. Die Forced-Choice-Tests von Catasso (2004) wurden verwendet, um die Kenntnisse der Nebensatzsyntax zu beurteilen. Die Probanden an dieser Studie waren 55 Schüler einer deutschen Schule Chiles. Die mit R durchgeführte Analyse zeigt, dass die am häufigsten verwendete Lernstrategie die Kompensationsstrategien waren. Die Daten zeigten, dass keine statistisch signifikante positive Korrelation zwischen häufiger Lernstrategieanwendung und besserer Beherrschung der Verbstellung besteht. Es besteht jedoch eine statistisch signifikante negative Korrelation zwischen dem Einsatz metakognitiver Strategien und der Beherrschung der Nebensatzsyntax bei männlichen Lernenden. Die persönlichen Variablen beim Sprachenlernen könnten positive Auswirkungen haben. In Zukunft wäre es sinnvoll, diese Art von Korrelationsstudien auf andere Aspekte des deutschen Spracherwerbs wie die Deklination auszuweiten.

Abstract: The aim of this quantitative study is to determine the correlation between German learners' L2 learning strategies and their mastery of German verb subordinate clause syntax. To measure learning strategies, version 7 of the Oxford SILL (Oxford, 2003) was used. Catasso's (2004) forced-choice tests were used to assess knowledge of subordinate clause syntax. The subjects in this study were 55 students from a German school in Chile. The analysis carried out with R shows that the most frequently used learning strategy was the compensatory strategies. The data showed that there is no statistically significant positive correlation between frequent learning strategy use and better mastery of verb position. However, there is a statistically significant negative correlation between the use of metacognitive strategies and the mastery of subordinate clause syntax in male learners. Personal variables in language learning could have positive effects. In the future, it would be useful to extend this type of correlational study to other aspects of German language acquisition such as declension.

ABSTRACT Introduction/framework/objectives Even if the term Resilience is reasonably mentioned, not all will have reflected in its concept and the eventual interaction with several parameters involved in Occupational Health. This review intends to summarize very succinctly what is published on this topic, in order to deliverie professionals in Occupational Health and Safety teams with knowledge and strategies that will lead them to perform better. Methodology This is a Bibliographic Review, initiated through a search carried out in May 2023, in the databases “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina and RCAAP”. Content The concept of Resilience can be described as a dynamic process that aims at positive adaptation, in the face of adverse and stressful experiences, which could lead to negative consequences; in other words, it is the emotional flexibility to solve problems and improve adaptation in the face of adversity. It can also be seen as the human capacity to face, overcome and be strengthened by adverse events or the avoidance of negative results due to the resolution of situations far beyond what would be expected. Or as the ability to adapt to unforeseen situations, enhancing the acceptance of undesirable and stressful conditions, which could explain why some individuals deal better with stress. It can be individual or collective. In the latter situation, it can also be defined as the ability of a group, to overcome adversity and transform itself into something more adapted to the circumstances. The institution's Resilience can be defined as the organization's intrinsic ability to adjust to events/changes/disruptions and/or opportunities. The system will show Resilience if it allows individuals to deal with complex situations. Discussion and Conclusions Although Resilience is based on innate characteristics, it can be partially trained/acquired, individually and/or institutionally. The more intense and well-structured this is, the better the employee's and the company's ability to overcome adversity. If the Occupational Health and Safety team has these notions in mind and knows how to develop them, their performance will be enhanced. It would be pertinent to understand the average level of Resilience among Portuguese workers overall and according to specific characteristics (gender, age, profession, employment relationship, qualifications and marital status, for example) and what is the best way to potenciate it.

RESUMO Introdução/enquadramento/objetivos Ainda que o termo Resiliência seja razoavelmente mencionado, nem todos terão refletido no seu conceito e eventual interação com diversos parâmetros envolvidos da Saúde Ocupacional. Esta revisão pretende resumir de forma muita sucinta o que está publicado sobre este tema, de modo a capacitar os profissionais das equipas de Saúde e Segurança Laborais com conhecimentos e estratégias que os levarão a ter melhor desempenho. Metodologia Trata-se de uma Revisão Bibliográfica, iniciada através de uma pesquisa realizada em maio de 2023, nas bases de dados “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina e RCAAP”. Conteúdo O conceito de Resiliência poderá ser descrito como um processo dinâmico que se dirige à adaptação positiva, face a experiências adversas e stressantes, que poderão levar a consequências negativas; ou seja, é a flexibilidade emocional para resolver problemas e melhorar a adaptação perante a adversidade. Também poderá ser visto como a capacidade humana para enfrentar, vencer e ficar fortalecido com eventos adversos ou ser a evicção de resultados negativos em virtude da resolução de situações muito para além do que seria expetável. Ou então como a capacidade de adaptação a situações imprevistas, potenciando a aceitação de condições indesejáveis e stressantes, o que poderá explicar o porquê de alguns indivíduos lidarem melhor com o stress. Pode ser individual ou coletiva. Nesta última situação, também pode ser definida como a habilidade de outro grupo, em superar a adversidade e se transformar em algo mais adaptado às circunstâncias. Resiliência da instituição pode ser definida como a capacidade intrínseca da organização para se ajustar a eventos/mudanças/perturbações e/ou oportunidades. O sistema apresentará Resiliência se permitir que os indivíduos consigam lidar com situações complexas. Discussão e Conclusões Ainda que esta se baseie em caraterísticas inatas, pode ser parcialmente treinada/adquirida, a título individual e/ou institucional. Quanto mais intensa e bem estruturada esta for, melhor a capacidade do funcionário e da empresa em superar adversidades, com cada vez mais qualidade e facilidade. Se a equipa de Saúde e Segurança Ocupacionais tiverem estas noções presentes e as souberem desenvolver, o seu desempenho ficará potenciado. Seria pertinente perceber qual o patamar médio de Resiliência entre os trabalhadores portugueses no global e em função de caraterísticas específicas (sexo, idade, profissão, vínculo laboral, habilitações e estado civil, por exemplo) e qual a melhor forma de o potenciar.

Abstract Objective: The SARS-CoV-2 virus pandemic affected people deprived of liberty in Colombia, a vulnerable group due to unfavorable prison conditions and deficient protection measures. The objective of the study was to analyze the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on cognitive function and subjective perception of executive functions in this group. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 47 men deprived of liberty between 18 and 55 years of age, in the department of Valle del Cauca, Colombia. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment Test (MoCA) and the BANFE-2 Battery were used. The participants provided informed consent and affirmed having tested positive in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. Results: It was determined that, 97.9% of individuals deprived of liberty had a positive PCR test, and 76.6% exhibited normal cognitive function in the MoCA Test. The subjective perception of executive functioning was recorded with normal parameters, at 68.1% according to the BANFE-2. A negative correlation was found between the MoCA Test (orientation subtest) and reported categories of SARS-CoV-2 virus symptoms. In addition, the abstraction MoCA variable showed an inverse relationship of (−3.19). Conclusions: The study demonstrated a negative correlation between cognitive impairment and SARS-CoV-2 symptoms in people deprived of liberty. Most of the participants presented normal cognitive and executive functioning, indicating a proportional inverse relationship between the variables evaluated.

Resumen Objetivo: La pandemia del virus SARS-CoV2 afectó a las personas privadas de la libertad en Colombia, un grupo vulnerable debido a las condiciones desfavorables en las cárceles y las deficientes medidas de protección. Analizar el efecto del SARS-CoV-2 en la función cognitiva y percepción subjetiva de las funciones ejecutivas en este grupo. Métodos: Se realiza un estudio transversal en 47 hombres privados de libertad de 18 a 55 años, en el departamento del Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Se utilizando el Test Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) y la Batería Banfe-2, los participantes suministran su consentimiento informado y afirman haber dado positivo en la prueba de PCR. Resultados: Se determina que el 97.9% de las personas privadas de la libertad tienen la prueba PCR positiva y un funcionamiento cognitivo normal del 76.6% en el test de MoCA. La percepción subjetiva del funcionamiento ejecutivo fue normal en un 68.1% según la BANFE-2. Se encontró una correlación negativa entre el Test de MoCA (subprueba de orientación) y las categorías de síntomas notificados del virus SARS-CoV2. Además, la variable MoCA de abstracción mostró una relación inversa de (−3.19). Conclusiones: El estudio demuestra una correlación negativa entre el deterioro cognitivo y los síntomas del SARS-CoV2 en personas privadas de la libertad. La mayoría de los participantes presentan un funcionamiento cognitivo y ejecutivo normal, indicando una relación inversa proporcional entre las variables evaluadas.

Resumen En este artículo se analizó la dependencia de los rendimientos de fondos cotizados en bolsa (ETF) de seis países latinoamericanos respecto al sentimiento en relación con las tasas de interés y la reserva federal (FED) en las noticias de Estados Unidos (EE.UU.) durante el período de 2022 a 2023. Para cada uno de los fondos se usaron regresiones robustas con cero a dos rezagos para sentimientos positivos y negativos, y las rentabilidades previas. Se encontró que el sentimiento es estadísticamente significativo para algunos rezagos en los retornos de los ETF de Brasil, Chile y Perú, tanto en la moneda local como en el dólar estadounidense. El ETF Latin American 40 de pende asimismo del sentimiento respecto a la moneda estadounidense. También hay un efecto de momento sobre los rendimientos en moneda estadounidense y un efecto de reversión media en moneda local para todos los ETF considerados. El modelo de datos de panel para los ETF de los países considerados con efectos aleatorios y dos rezagos muestra que todos los cambios en el sentimiento considerados son estadísticamente significativos para los rendimientos, excepto el cambio en el sentimiento positivo sin rezagos.

Abstract This article examines the dependence of Exchange Traded Fund (ETF) returns in six Latin American countries on interest rate and the Federal Reserve (FED) sentiment in the United States (US) news, during the period 2022 to 2023. For each country, robust regressions with zero to two lags for positive and negative sentiments, and previous returns were used. It was found that sentiment is statistically significant for some lags of ETF returns in Brazil, Chile, and Peru, in both, local currency and US dollar. The Latin American 40 ETF also depends on sentiment in US currency. Furthermore, a moment effect on returns in US currency and a mean reverting effect in local currency was identified. A panel data model for the considered countries’ ETFs with random effects and zero to two lags in the change of sentiment shows that all considered changes in sentiment are statistically significant for returns, except for the change in positive sentiment without lags.