The present work focused on the screening process of different inorganic oxides and different temperatures for the epoxidation reaction of macaw palm vegetable oil without using solvent, a promising Brazilian biomass that can substitute other vegetable oils (e.g., soybean oil) in technological applications. This oil has an iodine value of 108.48 g of I2 per 100 g being categorized as a semi-dry oil. The epoxidized vegetable oil can be applied in manifold areas in polymer science. The epoxidation reaction here presented avoided organic solvents and organic acids and aimed to produce a greener route using metal oxides or niobium phosphate as a peroxide-activating catalyst. The experimental parameters were maintained as 10 mol% of catalyst loading and a time of 24 h; however, the temperature for some catalysts was changed to improve the epoxide conversion. Experiments were measured by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR). Experiments using titanium oxide (TiO2) as a catalyst reached a conversion greater than 84.7%, while experiments using aluminium oxide (Al2O3) or lanthanum oxide (La2O3) achieved conversions of 22.6 and 30.1%, respectively. Furthermore, it was observed that both niobium compounds instantly react with hydrogen peroxide to form peroxy derivatives. solvent e.g., eg e (e.g. applications 10848 108 48 108.4 I semidry semi dry science peroxideactivating activating 1 mol 2 h however 1H H NMR. NMR . NMR) TiO2 TiO (TiO2 847 84 7 84.7% Al2O3 AlO Al O (Al2O3 La2O3 LaO La (La2O3 226 22 6 22. 301 30 30.1% respectively Furthermore derivatives e.g. (e.g 1084 4 108. (TiO 8 84.7 Al2O (Al2O La2O (La2O 3 30.1 e.g 84. 30.

The present work reports the in situ fabrication of Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) in polystyrene-b-poly(2-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P2VP) over pre-patterned hydrophobic stripes on a hydrophilic glass surface. Microcontact printing (μCP) using octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) as “ink” was used to obtain these chemically modified substrates. A comparison of the results of the PS-b-P2VP self-assembly over a bare glass substrate and a pre-patterned glass substrate demonstrated the influence of the pattern on the film morphology. Polymeric films of Ag+ and PS-b-P2VP were prepared on a pre-patterned substrate and heated at 150 °C to enable the self-reconstruction of the polymeric matrix and the in situ formation of AgNPs (average particle size of approximately 100 nm). The AgNP/PS-b-P2VP thin films were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. The results demonstrate that the concentration of the solutions of Ag+/PS-b-P2VP used to prepare the films strongly influences the morphologies and dispersion of AgNPs. Moreover, the surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) activity of the fabricated polymer nanocomposites using Nile Blue as a molecular probe shows the importance of the chemical modification of the substrate in the enhancement of the SERS signal. (AgNPs polystyrenebpoly2vinylpyridine polystyrenebpolyvinylpyridine polystyrene b poly 2 vinylpyridine polystyrene-b-poly(2-vinylpyridine PSbP2VP PSbPVP PS P2VP P VP (PS-b-P2VP prepatterned pre patterned surface μCP (μCP OTS (OTS ink “ink substrates selfassembly self assembly morphology 15 C selfreconstruction reconstruction average 10 nm. nm . nm) AgNP/PSbP2VP AgNPPSbP2VP AgNPPSbPVP AgNP/PS AgNP UVVis UV Vis microscopy Ag+/PSbP2VP AgPSbP2VP AgPSbPVP Ag+/PS Moreover surfaceenhanced enhanced (SERS signal polystyrenebpoly PSbP PVP 1 AgNPPSbP AgNPPS AgPSbP AgPS

The selective separation of precious metals from complex aqueous solutions is important in protecting the environment, aquatic ecosystems, water resources and recycling resources. In this study, cysteine-containing polymeric nanoparticles were synthesized using the molecular imprinting (MIP) technique with the mini-emulsion polymerization method. The basis of the polymer design is inspired by affinity of silver to cysteine in biological systems. The synthesized silver ion imprinted (Ag+-IIP) poly(hydroxyethylmethacrylate-N -methacryloyl-L-cysteine) poly(HEMA-MAC) nanoparticles were characterized by elemental analysis, zeta sizer, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effects of pH, ionic strength and interaction time on adsorption of Ag+ ions were investigated. In experimental studies, the highest adsorption amount (196.9 mg g1 nanoparticle) was reached in a short period of 40 min at pH 5.0 and 150 mg L-1 concentration. Selectivity studies of synthesized Ag+-IIP nanoparticles against silver (Ag+) ions were carried out in the presence of lithium (Li+), barium (Ba2+), mercury (Hg2+) and cadmium (Cd2+) ions. Experimental results indicate that nanoparticles adsorb Ag+ ions with high selectivity. Ag+-IIP nanoparticles have 3.7, 3.1, 2.4, and 2.6 times more selective or higher affinity for Ag+ ions compared to Li+, Ba2+, Hg2+ and Cd2+ ions, respectively, compared to Ag+-non-imprinted (NIP) nanoparticles. environment ecosystems study cysteinecontaining containing MIP (MIP miniemulsion mini emulsion method systems Ag+IIP AgIIP IIP Ag (Ag+-IIP polyhydroxyethylmethacrylateN poly hydroxyethylmethacrylate N methacryloylLcysteine methacryloyl L -methacryloyl-L-cysteine polyHEMAMAC HEMA MAC poly(HEMA-MAC analysis sizer FTIR (FTIR spectroscopy AFM, AFM , (AFM) SEM. SEM . (SEM) investigated 196.9 1969 196 9 (196. g nanoparticle 4 50 5 0 5. 15 L1 1 L- concentration (Ag+ Li Li+ (Li+) Ba2 Ba Ba2+ (Ba2+) Hg2 Hg (Hg2+ Cd2 Cd (Cd2+ selectivity 37 3 7 3.7 31 3.1 24 2 2.4 26 6 2. respectively Ag+nonimprinted Agnonimprinted non NIP (NIP (AFM (SEM 196. 19 (196 (Ag (Li+ (Ba2+ (Hg2 (Cd2 3. nonimprinted (19 (Li (Ba2 (Hg (Cd (1 (Ba (

In this study, it was investigated chitosan (CHIT) films in the presence or absence of cellulose nanofibers (CNF) and silver nanoparticles (AgNP), whose chemical interactions involving metallic surfaces were characterized by surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy. Changes in the morphology were analyzed through atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM and AFM micrographs revealed that the incorporation of CNF significantly altered CHIT films, leading to changes in the polymer topography and surface texture due to intimal interactions between CNF and the CHIT matrix. Raman spectra of CHIT and CNF/CHIT films showed similar profiles, reflecting comparable molecular structures of both modified biopolymers. However, SERS spectra of both films, after recovering with AgNP, demonstrated distinct spectral profiles. Innovatively, density functional theory (DFT) calculations of an oligomer model for CHIT were employed to assign the vibrational modes observed in the SERS spectra, which allowed identify key interactions between CHIT moieties and AgNP surfaces. SERS results revealed that chemical adsorption of CHIT on AgNP surfaces occurs through interactions of glycosidic oxygen and amino groups. Such findings provide insights into the structural and chemical behavior of this nanocomposite, highlighting its potential for advanced biological applications. study (CHIT (CNF , (AgNP) surfaceenhanced enhanced (SERS spectroscopy (AFM SEM. . (SEM) matrix CNFCHIT profiles biopolymers However Innovatively DFT (DFT groups nanocomposite applications (AgNP (SEM

The composites of poly (butylene adipate co-terephthalate) / poly (lactic acid) (PBAT/PLA) blend and montmorillonites functionalized using imidazole-derived ionic liquids with different carbon chain sizes (butyl, octyl, and dodecyl) proved to be a promising alternative for improving the thermal and mechanical properties of the polymer blend. Functionalization of montmorillonites by ionic liquids was confirmed by increasing the basal spacing, and spectroscopical and thermal analysis evidence. The composite synthesis was carried out by casting technique generating homogeneous polymeric films. X-ray diffraction analyses suggested that montmorillonite functionalization with the ionic liquid of the butyl carbon chain fostered exfoliation and incorporation of the clay into the polymer. Furthermore, an increase in the thermal stability and mechanical properties of the material was observed. The other composites formed between the PBAT/PLA blend and the montmorillonite functionalized by ionic liquids of higher carbonic chain showed micro composites formation. Thus, their thermal and mechanical properties had no significant improvements. butylene coterephthalate co terephthalate co-terephthalate lactic acid PBATPLA PBAT PLA (PBAT/PLA imidazolederived imidazole derived butyl, (butyl octyl dodecyl spacing evidence films Xray X ray Furthermore observed formation Thus improvements

Two poly(acrylic acid-b-acrylamide) copolymers, and a poly(acrylic acid) homopolymer were synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and tested for nickel removal from aqueous media. RAFT was used for better interchain composition homogeneity and to facilitate the synthesis of the block copolymers. Liquid-phase polymer-based retention (LPR) was used to compare the nickel binding capacity. Uptake tests were carried out at pH 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0. Nickel adsorption isotherms in the range of 1 to 7 mmol L−1 were achieved and the Langmuir adsorption model was applied. Maximum binding capacity (Qm) of Ni2+ at 298 K depended on the composition of the copolymers and pH. The polyacid block (PAA) was the major structural feature responsible for high values of nickel binding. All materials presented better uptake at higher pH, probably due to polyacid deprotonation and the increase in the electrostatic interactions. Up to approximately 100 mg of nickel per gram of homopolymer could be retained at pH = 5.0. Even though the presence of a poly(acrylamide) block decreases the binding capacity compared to PAA, that block has a specific contribution to nickel binding and can also provide better features to the material as better solubilization, and others. polyacrylic poly acrylic acidbacrylamide acid b acrylamide acid-b-acrylamide additionfragmentation addition fragmentation (RAFT media Liquidphase Liquid phase polymerbased polymer based LPR (LPR 30 3 0 3.0 40 4 4.0 50 5 5.0 L1 L L− applied Qm (Qm Ni2 Ni 29 PAA (PAA interactions 10 polyacrylamide poly(acrylamide solubilization others 3. 4. 5. 2

Pinacolone and benzopinacolone derivatives are an important class of organic compounds due to their uses in polymer synthesis and more recently as biologically active compounds. The conventional synthesis of such molecules is generally done in two steps, the pinacol coupling followed by the pinacol/pinacolone rearrangement. Aiming to prepare benzopinacolone derivatives in a greener fashion, we present here a one-step synthesis from acetophenones in the presence of zinc and tert-butyl chloride. To develop the methodology, conditions to prepare 3,3-diphenyl-2-butanone from acetophenone were optimized. To assess the scope, different substituted acetophenones were tested, resulting in the corresponding benzopinacolones at moderate yields (20-50%) with high purity. Structural elucidations were performed by 1H and 13C NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) and GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry). steps pinacolpinacolone pinacolone rearrangement fashion onestep one step tertbutyl tert butyl chloride methodology 3,3diphenyl2butanone 33diphenyl2butanone diphenylbutanone 3,3 diphenyl 2 butanone 3 optimized scope tested 2050% 2050 20 50% 50 (20-50% purity H C nuclear spectroscopy GCMS GC MS gas chromatographymass chromatography mass spectrometry. spectrometry . spectrometry) 3diphenyl2butanone 33 3, 205 5 (20-50 (20-5 (20- (20 (2 (

High-density polyethylene (HDPE) geomembranes are commonly used as an environmental protection liner due to their good chemical and mechanical resistances and low cost. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is an essential issue in durability studies for pond applications. This study evaluated a 1.5-mm thick HDPE geomembrane exposed to ultraviolet fluorescent radiation for 8760 h in a laboratory and thermoanalytical and physical analyses were conducted towards the understanding of its performance after exposure. According to the results, although the geomembrane maintained the ductile behavior, it showed a 52.48% final decrease in stress crack resistance (SCR) compared to virgin SCR. Moreover, a considerable antioxidant depletion occurred after 8760 h exposure shown by the Std. OIT (standard oxidative-induction time) results, demonstrating a Std. OIT value decrease of 89.19% compared to the virgin Std. OIT. Such a behavior contributed to the susceptibility of thermal effects in the DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) curves and the losses observed in the SCR values, attesting the geomembrane’s oxidative degradation mechanism occurred and changed the polymer’s structure. Highdensity High density (HDPE cost UV (UV applications 1.5mm 15mm mm 1.5 1 5 876 results 5248 52 48 52.48 (SCR Moreover Std standard oxidativeinduction induction time 8919 89 19 89.19 differential calorimetry values s polymers polymer structure 5mm 15 1. 87 524 4 52.4 891 8 89.1 52. 89.

Abstract Textile reinforced concrete emerges as an alternative for the strengthening of reinforced concrete structures. However, as a relatively new material, there is still no regulatory body or standardization that standardizes the manufacturing and application processes of the material, which generates significant differences regarding its characteristics and properties. From this perspective, this study seeks to experimentally evaluate the mechanical performance of textile reinforced concrete when applied as reinforcement of reinforced concrete beams subjected to four-point bending tests, using the alkali-resistant fiberglass textile produced in Brazil, TEXIGLASS AR-360-RA-04. As an exploratory study, the experimental program consists of fourteen reinforced beams and one rectangular cross-section reference beam (120 mm wide, 200 mm high, and 1500 mm long), totaling fifteen beams. As variables, the bond strength at the textile-matrix interface is investigated based on (a) the type of matrix (industrialized polymer mortar or self-compacting mortar) and (b) the surface treatment of the textile in four configurations: uncoated textile (UT), coated with epoxy (E), fully coated with epoxy and sand (ES) or fully coated with epoxy and partial sand (EPS). From the results, it was mainly found that: all reinforced beams showed increases in (a) load-carrying capacity, (b) ductility and (c) toughness. Despite the great variability of results, the coating technique in the EPS textile specimens proved promising. structures However material properties perspective fourpoint point tests alkaliresistant alkali resistant Brazil AR360RA04. AR360RA04 ARRA AR 360 RA 04. 04 AR-360-RA-04 crosssection cross section 120 (12 wide 20 high 150 long, long , long) variables textilematrix (a industrialized selfcompacting self compacting b (b configurations UT, UT (UT) E, E (E) ES (ES EPS. . (EPS) results loadcarrying load carrying capacity c (c toughness promising AR360RA0 36 0 AR-360-RA-0 12 (1 2 15 (UT (E (EPS AR360RA 3 AR-360-RA- 1 ( AR-360-RA

Resumo O concreto têxtil surge como uma alternativa para o reforço de estruturas de concreto armado. Porém, por ser um material relativamente novo, inexiste ainda um órgão ou norma regulamentadora que uniformize os processos de fabricação e de aplicação do material, o que gera diferenças significativas quanto às suas características e propriedades. Sob esta perspectiva, este estudo busca avaliar experimentalmente o desempenho mecânico do concreto têxtil ao ser aplicado como reforço de vigas em concreto armado submetidas ao ensaio de flexão a quatro pontos, utilizando o têxtil de fibra de vidro álcali-resistente de produção brasileira TEXIGLASS AR-360-RA-04. De caráter exploratório, o programa experimental é composto por quatorze vigas reforçadas e uma viga testemunho de seção retangular (120 mm de largura, 200 mm de altura e 1500 mm de comprimento), totalizando quinze vigas. Como variáveis, investigam-se a resistência de ligação na interface têxtil-matriz a partir do (a) tipo de matriz (argamassa polimérica industrializada ou argamassa autoadensável) e do (b) tratamento superficial do têxtil em quatro configurações: têxtil sem revestimento (SR), revestido com epóxi (E), totalmente revestido com epóxi e areia (EA) ou totalmente revestido com epóxi, mas com areia somente nas extremidades (EAP). A partir dos resultados, verificou-se principalmente que: todas as vigas reforçadas apresentaram aumentos da (a) capacidade resistente, (b) ductilidade e (c) tenacidade. Apesar da grande variabilidade de resultados, a técnica de revestimento nos exemplares dos têxteis EAP se mostrou promissora. Porém novo propriedades perspectiva pontos álcaliresistente álcali resistente AR360RA04. AR360RA04 ARRA AR 360 RA 04. 04 AR-360-RA-04 exploratório 120 (12 largura 20 150 comprimento, comprimento , comprimento) variáveis investigamse investigam têxtilmatriz (a autoadensável b (b configurações SR, SR (SR) E, E (E) EA (EA EAP. . (EAP) resultados verificouse verificou c (c tenacidade promissora AR360RA0 36 0 AR-360-RA-0 12 (1 2 15 (SR (E (EAP AR360RA 3 AR-360-RA- 1 ( AR-360-RA

This study investigated the removal of contaminants in water by adsorption on thermoplastic starch (TPS) and kraft lignin (KL) composites. A study on the desorption of methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) dyes in water was also carried out, followed by the photodegradation of solutions containing dissolved dyes. Initially, the surface morphology of the TPS and TPS-KL films was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, revealing advantageous characteristics for efficient adsorption of contaminants. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis made it possible to characterize the TPS and TPS-KL composites. The results demonstrate the reversibility of the process and confirm the lack of permanent chemical modification in the polymer matrix, indicating that the adsorption/desorption process is physical rather than chemical. This suggests that the adsorbent material can be reused without losing its fundamental structural properties. Furthermore, the study allows for verification of the chemical changes on the surfaces of the materials involved. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) results show that for MO, both substrates exhibited low adsorption capacity, with efficiency values close to 20%. In contrast, for MB, both composite materials displayed excellent dye adsorption rates, achieving efficiencies of 78% or higher. The photodegradation of adsorbed dyes revealed promising results. (TPS KL (KL composites MB (MB MO (MO out Initially TPSKL microscopy FTIR (FTIR matrix adsorptiondesorption properties Furthermore involved Ultravioletvisible Ultraviolet visible UVVis UV Vis (UV-Vis capacity 20 20% contrast rates 78 higher 2 7

RESUMEN La biocatálisis enzimática ha surgido como una tecnología verde en la modificación de almidones con resultados divergentes a nivel morfológico en función de procedencia de la fuente amilácea. Por consiguiente, diversos biocatalizadores enzimáticos fueron implementados para evaluar su efecto sobre las características morfológicas y semicristalinas en almidones nativos de yuca. El grado de afinidad de los biocatalizadores y la tasa de conversión sobre almidones nativos de yuca fueron determinados mediante parámetros cinéticos como la constante de Michaelis-Menten, cuyos resultados revelaron el siguiente orden de afinidad de mayor a menor: α-amilasa, amiloglucosidasa, pululanasa y β-amilasa. Además, se evidenció una mayor actividad biocatalítica de la α-amilasa y β-amilasa sobre las zonas amorfas del polímero debido a la disminución del contenido de amilosa y un aumento significativo en el grado de cristalinidad relativa. Según los análisis morfológicos y DRX, la acción de la amiloglucosidasa promovió fenómenos de exoerosión y la aparición de laceraciones en la superficie granular del almidón con la consiguiente disminución del orden semicristalino. La pululanasa provocó la obtención de gránulos fragmentados levemente erosionados con una mayor actividad biocatalítica en las zonas cristalinas asociada con el aumento significativo del contenido de amilosa aparente. El análisis de FTIR en la región 1.200-900 cm-1, correspondiente a la huella digital del almidón, permitió determinar cambios notorios en el grado del orden molecular después del ataque enzimático, este resultado fue coherente con el grado de cristalinidad relativo estimador por difracción de rayos-X. Asimismo, los resultados permitieron identificar cambios significativos en el orden semicristalino y características morfológicas durante la modificación con α-amilasa (AAM) y amiloglucosidasa (AMG) asociado a su mayor afinidad y acción preferencial sobre las estructuras amorfas ubicadas en la superficie granular del almidón nativo de yuca.

ABSTRACT Enzymatic biocatalysis has emerged as a green technology in starch modification with divergent results at the morphological level depending on the origin of the starch source. Therefore, various enzymatic biocatalysts were implemented to evaluate their effect on the morphological and semi-crystalline characteristics of native cassava starches. The degree of affinity of the biocatalysts and the conversion rate on native cassava starches were determined by kinetic parameters such as the Michaelis-Menten constant, whose results revealed the following order of affinity from highest to lowest: α-amylase, amyloglucosidase, pullulanase, and β-amylase. In addition, greater biocatalytic activity of α-amylase and β-amylase was evidenced on the amorphous zones of the polymer associated with the decrease in the amylose content and a significant increase in the degree of relative crystallinity. According to morphological analyses and XDR, the action of amyloglucosidase promoted exo-erosion phenomena and the appearance of lacerations on the granular surface of starch with the consequent decrease in the semicrystalline order. The pullulanase caused slightly eroded fragmented granules with greater biocatalytic activity on the crystalline lamellae, associated with a significant increase in the apparent amylose content. FTIR analysis in the 1,200-900 cm-1 region, corresponding to the starch fingerprint, allowed us to detect notable changes in the degree of molecular order after the enzymatic attack; this result was consistent with the degree of relative crystallinity estimated by X-ray diffraction. Likewise, the results allowed us to notice significant changes in the semi-crystalline order and morphological characteristics during the modification with α-amylase (AAM) and amyloglucosidase (AMG) associated with their greater affinity and preferential action on the amorphous structures located on the granular surface of native cassava starch.

RESUMO A região Nordeste do Brasil é caracterizada por clima tropical e altas temperaturas do ar em curto ou longo prazo, o que pode afetar negativamente o crescimento e os processos fisiológicos do morangueiro (Fragaria x ananassa Duch). Nesse contexto, para mitigar os impactos do estresse térmico, destaca-se a necessidade de empregar variedades adaptadas e tecnologias, como uso de condicionadores de solo. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as respostas fisiológicas e o índice térmico de cultivares de morango cultivadas sob doses de hidrogel no substrato. O estudo foi conduzido em ambiente protegido em Guaraciaba do Norte, Ceará, Brasil, utilizando delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições, em arranjo fatorial 5 × 2 composto por cinco doses de hidrogel no substrato (0, 1, 2, 3, e 4 g L-1) e duas cultivares de morango (‘Albion’ e ‘San Andreas’). As variáveis de crescimento (número de folhas, diâmetro da coroa e altura das plantas) foram avaliadas aos 15 e 45 dias após o transplantio (DAT). As trocas gasosas (condutância estomática, taxa de transpiração, taxa de assimilação de CO2 e concentração intercelular de CO2), índices fisiológicos (eficiência intrínseca do uso da água, eficiência instantânea de carboxilação e eficiência instantânea do uso da água) e índice térmico foram avaliados aos 90 DAT. prazo Fragaria Duch. Duch . Duch) contexto destacase destaca se tecnologias solo Assim Norte Ceará repetições 0, 0 (0 1 3 L1 L L-1 ‘Albion Albion (‘Albion San Andreas. Andreas Andreas’) número folhas plantas DAT (DAT) condutância estomática transpiração CO CO2, , CO2) água 9 ( L- Andreas’ (DAT

ABSTRACT The Northeast region of Brazil is characterized by a tropical climate and high air temperatures, which can negatively affect the growth and physiological processes of strawberry plants (Fragaria x ananassa Duch) in the short- or long-term. In this context, the use of adapted varieties and technologies such as soil conditioners is necessary. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the physiological responses and the thermal index of strawberry cultivars grown under hydrogel doses in the substrate. The study was conducted in a protected environment in Guaraciaba do Norte, Ceará state, Brazil, using a randomized block experimental design with four replicates, in a 5 × 2 factorial arrangement consisting of five hydrogel doses in the substrate (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 g L-1) and two strawberry cultivars (‘Albion’ and ‘San Andreas’). Growth variables (number of leaves, crown diameter, and plant height) were evaluated at 15 and 45 days after transplanting (DAT). Gas exchanges (stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, CO2 assimilation rate, and intercellular CO2 concentration), physiological indices (intrinsic water use efficiency, instantaneous carboxylation efficiency, and instantaneous water use efficiency), and thermal index were evaluated at 90 DAT. Strawberry plant growth increased significantly as the hydrogel dose in the substrate was increased. The hydrogel dose of 4 g L-1 reduced gas exchanges at 90 DAT, regardless of the cultivar. Plants of the cultivar San Andreas showed higher intrinsic water use efficiency and lower thermal index when grown under the hydrogel dose of 4 g L-1. temperatures Fragaria Duch short longterm. longterm long term. term long-term context necessary Thus Norte state replicates 0, 0 (0 1 3 L1 L ‘Albion Albion (‘Albion Andreas. . Andreas’) number leaves diameter height DAT (DAT) stomatal conductance rate CO concentration, concentration , concentration) efficiency) 9 L- L1. 1. ( Andreas’ (DAT

Abstract A novel p(THFA-co-HEMA) membrane based on acrylate CP was herein successfully synthesized through PP technique, and applied as a membrane for Pb ion-selective electrode (Pb-ISE). Optimal composition of THFA was HEMA 9:1 (TH91), with a Tg of -6.5oC. The structure of p(THFA-co-HEMA) was characterized using FTIR. Pb-ISE sensor showed remarkable calibration measurement in the range from 0.1 to 10-6 M, with a LOD of 7.59 x 10-7 M, and it obeyed Nernstian number of 30.5 mV/dec. In addition, fabricated Pb-ISE sensors showed fairly good selectivity coefficients for several types of ions, such as K+ (-6.53 ± 0.11), Na+ (-6.35 ± 0.16), NH4 + (- 6.76 ± 0.11), Mg2+ (-12.15 ± 0.13), Ca2+(12.12 ± 0.14), Cu2+ (-4.33 ± 0.11) and Cd2+ (-6.43 ± 0.17), and effective function in the pH range from 3 to 8. The resulting response time was quite good, 6.7 sec, with a change of 27.5 mV for decade. Pb-ISE sensor also showed validation results equivalent to AAS standard method, where corresponding data with real samples produced values of 9.3 ± 1.9 and 9.2 ± 2.0 ppm and 275.5 ± 10.3 and 277.7 ± 4.0 g/g for CREW and CRMS, respectively.

Abstrac The present work focuses on the behavior of the stopping power of a polymer gel dosimetry system, known as PAGAT, infused with high atomic number nanoparticles formed by gold, with a 1 % mass concentration. The study is carried out for different energies of electron and proton beams within ranges of therapeutic applications, first by theoretical assessment, and then by simulation with Monte Carlo codes: PENELOPE in the case of electrons, and FLUKA in the case of protons. The results obtained analytically show promising behavior for gold nanoparticle infused tissue-equivalent systems, while the simulation results show better correspondence with models that consider the net path traveled, instead of models based on the thickness of the samples as typically done in experimental determinations.

Resumen El presente trabajo estudia el comportamiento del poder de frenado o stopping power de un sistema de dosimetría por gel polimérico de tipo PAGAT, infundido con nanopartículas de alto número atómico formadas por átomos de oro, con una concentración de 1 % en masa. El estudio se realiza para diferentes energías de haces de electrones y protones dentro de rangos de aplicaciones terapéuticas, inicialmente con una estimación teórica y posteriormente mediante el empleo de técnicas de simulación con código Monte Carlo: PENELOPE en el caso de electrones, y FLUKA en el caso de protones. Los resultados obtenidos de manera analítica muestran un comportamiento promisorio para sistemas tejido-equivalente infundidos con nanopartículas de oro, mientras que los resultados obtenidos por simulación poseen una mejor correspondencia con modelos que consideran el camino neto recorrido, a comparación de modelos que utilizan el espesor de la muestra como aproximación a configuraciones experimentales.

ABSTRACT This study aims to develop an eco-friendly, recyclable, and cost-effective composite material for use in storage sheds and machine workshops. The new composite consists of stone dust and gravel bricks bonded by recycled polypropylene through heat treatment. The main focus of this study is to determine the effects of varying polymer proportions on the resistance and permeability properties of the studied composite, intending to achieve optimal properties, i.e., high resistance and low permeability. To do this, the 2² factorial arrangement was employed, comprising four treatments along with three central points, each replicated three times. The data was statistically analyzed at a 95% confidence level from an adapted methodology. This involved tests of compression strength, 3-point bending strength, Los Angeles abrasion, and water absorption by immersion, in which three percentages of polymer content (PC) - 15, 25, and 35% - and aggregates (fine sand, medium sand, and coarse sand - FS, MS, and CS) were used to prepare the composite. The developed composite was deemed suitable for use in storage warehouses and machine workshops, as it presented physical and mechanical appropriate characteristics, i.e., a low water absorption rate and high resistance to compression and abrasion, in addition to being an environmentally friendly composite. ecofriendly, ecofriendly eco friendly, eco-friendly recyclable costeffective cost effective workshops treatment ie i e i.e. 2 employed points times 95 methodology strength 3point point 3 abrasion immersion PC (PC 15 25 35 fine FS MS CS characteristics i.e 9 1

RESUMO Este estudo tem como objetivo desenvolver um material compósito ecológico, reciclável e de baixo custo para uso em galpões de armazenamento e oficinas de máquinas. O novo compósito consiste em um bloco de pó de pedra e cascalho unidos por polipropileno reciclado através de tratamento térmico. O foco principal deste estudo é determinar os efeitos de variações nas proporções de polímeros nas propriedades de resistência e permeabilidade do compósito estudado, visando alcançar propriedades ótimas, ou seja, alta resistência e baixa permeabilidade. Para isso, utilizou-se o arranjo fatorial 2², composto por quatro tratamentos e três pontos centrais, cada um replicado três vezes. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente com nível de confiança de 95% a partir de metodologia adaptada. Isso envolveu testes de resistência à compressão, resistência à flexão em 3 pontos, abrasão Los Angeles e absorção de água por imersão, nos quais três porcentagens de teor de polímero (PC) - 15, 25 e 35% - e agregados (areia fina, areia média, e areia grossa - FS, MS e CS) foram usadas para preparar o compósito. O compósito desenvolvido foi considerado adequado para utilização em armazéns e oficinas de máquinas, pois apresentou características físicas e mecânicas adequadas, ou seja, baixa taxa de absorção de água e alta resistência à compressão e abrasão, além de ser um compósito ecologicamente correto. ecológico máquinas térmico estudado ótimas seja isso utilizouse utilizou se 2² centrais vezes 95 adaptada imersão PC (PC 15 2 35 fina média FS CS adequadas correto 9 1