Abstract. In this paper, I examine Aristotle’s position on the theory of the soul as a self-moving entity in the light of a less negative conception of his discussion with his predecessors. For this purpose, I discuss the hypothesis according to which Aristotle is producing the concepts necessary for his own research through a critique of Plato’s claims. I show that, more than a criticism, what we are witnessing is a process of conceptual appropriation where Aristotle filters an opinion to make a better use of it. I support my argument by showing how Aristotle’s exegetical device works and how it could be connected to his own definitional procedures in De Anima’s book II.

Resumen. Este artículo examina la posición de Aristóteles frente a la teoría del alma como entidad automotriz a la luz de una concepción menos negativa de la discusión de Aristóteles con sus predecesores. Para ello, exploro la hipótesis de que Aristóteles está produciendo los conceptos necesarios para su propia investigación a través de una crítica de la tesis de Platón. Muestro que, más que a una crítica, a lo que asistimos es a un proceso de apropiación conceptual en el que Aristóteles filtra la opinión para hacer un mejor uso de ella. Para fundamentar mi argumento, muestro cómo funciona el dispositivo exegético de Aristóteles y cómo podría conectarse en su propio procedimiento definicional del libro II del De Anima.

Abstract. In this paper, I analyze Hegel’s interpretation of Plato’s political philosophy (specially the Republic) in certain passages of two specific works: Grundlinien der Philosophie des Rechts and Die Vorlesungen über Platon. I consider two axes of analysis: private property and subjective freedom. The main goal of the paper is to describe the relationship that Hegel establishes with Plato, or at least with the Republic. I show that this dialogue presents nuances with respect to the two axes mentioned and that these nuances imply differences of analysis regarding the Hegelian reading.

Resumen. En este artículo analizo la interpretación de Hegel de la filosofía política platónica (particularmente la República) en determinados pasajes de dos obras puntuales: los Fundamentos de la filosofía del derecho y las Lecciones sobre Platón. Considero dos ejes específicos de análisis: la propiedad privada y la libertad subjetiva. El objetivo del artículo es señalar la relación que Hegel establece con Platón o, al menos, con República. Muestro que, en realidad, en este diálogo existen ciertos matices con respecto a los dos ejes mencionados; estos matices implican diferencias de análisis respecto de la lectura hegeliana.

RESUMO Embora fraturas e lascamento de restauragoes vitrocerámicas sejam comuns, alguns casos podem ser reparados com compósito direto. Objetivo investigar o efeito da interagao de diferentes formas e tratamentos de superficie na carga de ruptura de uma vitrocerámica reforgada com dissilicato de litio reparada com compósito nanoparticulado. Materials e Método A superficie superior de espécimes de vitroceramica (IPS e.max Press, Ivoclar Vivadent) foi preparada com tres formas (plana, plato único, ou duplo) e recebeu (n=11): ‘nenhum tratamento’, ‘condicionamento com ácido hidrofluoridrico 5%’, ou ‘jateamento com AfOf. Ambos espécimes condicionados e jateados receberam silano e adesivo universal. Todos os espécimes foram reparados incrementalmente com compósito (Filtek Z350, 3M ESPE) até6 mm acima do plato cerámico mais alto, armazenados em saliva artificial á 37 °C por 21 dias, e submetidos á 1.000 termociclos (5 e 55 °C). A interface compósito-cerámica de cada amostra foi testada á tragao até sua falha em máquina universal e o modo de falha foi determinado com estereomicroscópio. A morfologia da superficie de uma amostra representativa de forma/tratamento de superficie foi observada através de microscopia eletronica de varredura (MEV). Resultados Independentemente da forma ceramica, a ausencia de tratamento superficial resultou em valores de carga de ruptura significativamente menores. Nao foi observada differenga significativa entre os espécimes planos condicionados ou jateados; no entanto, o condicionamento resultou em valores significativamente maiores que o jateamento para espécimes com plato único e duplo. A maioria (60%) dos espécimes condicionados e com plato único ou duplo apresentou falhas mistas. Imagens SEM demonstraram rugosidade superficial mais regular dos espécimes condicionados que os jateados. Conclusoes O tratamento superficial de uma restauragao defeituosa de vitrocerámica reforgada por dissilicato de litio tem maior influencia na retengao do reparo de compósito do que sua forma macroscópica; ainda, o condicionamento com ácido hidrofluoridrico parece proporcionar maior resistencia de uniao ao reparo com compósito.

ABSTRACT Glass ceramics are widely used to manufacture esthetic veneers, inlays, onlays, and crowns. Although the clinical survival rates ofglass-ceramic restorations arefavorable,fractures or chips are common. Certain cases can be repaired with direct composite. Aim The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction effect of different designs and surface treatments on the load-to-failure of lithium disilicate glass-ceramic repaired with nanofilled composite. Materials and Method Lithium-disilicate glass-ceramic slabs (IPS e.max Press, Ivoclar Vivadent) with three different designs of the top surface (flat, single plateau, or doubleplateau) (n=U) received ‘no treatment’, ‘5% HF etching’, or “AI2O3 sandblasting”. HF-etched and sandblasted slabs also received silane and universal one-step adhesive application. All slabs were incrementally repaired with nanofilled composite (Filtek Z350, 3M ESPE) up to6 mm above the highest ceramic top plateau. Specimens were stored in artificial saliva at 37 °C for 21 days and then subjected to 1,000 thermocycles between 5 and 55 °C. The interface composite-ceramic of each specimen was tensile tested until failure in a universal testing machine and the mode of failure was determined under a stereomicroscope. The ceramic surface morphology of one representative tested specimen from each subgroup (design/surface treatment) was observed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results Regardless of ceramic design, the absence of surface treatment resulted in significantly lower load-to-failure values. No significant differences in load-to-failure values were observed between HF-etched and sandblasted specimens for the flat design; however, HF etching resulted in significantly higher load-to-failure values than sandblasting for both single plateau and double plateau designs. The majority (60%) of HF-etched specimens with single plateau or double plateau presented mixed failures. SEM photomicrographs showed that HF-etched specimens had smoother surfaces than sandblasted specimens. Conclusion The surface treatment of a defective lithium disilicate glass-ceramic restoration has more influence than its macroscopic design on the retention of the composite repair. HF etching seems to provide higher bond strength to the composite repair.

Abstract Erasmus of Rotterdam (Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus) wrote Adage 2201, entitled The Silenes of Alcibiades (in Latin Sileni Alcibiadis), drawn from the Plato’s dialogue Symposium, 215 a - 215 b. The humanist highlights the moment when Alcibiades makes a statement and praises Socrates exalting his wisdom, consecrating Plato’s Philosophy, particularly the one which includes the essentially religious and moral dialogs, less the cosmological and metaphysical ones. His interest in Platonic-Socratic Philosophy, especially by the praise Alcibiades made to Socrates, included a conception of a world “in reverse, because it unfolded in the dialectic between the visible and invisible, the exterior and interior, falsehood and truth. Desiderius Roterodamus 2201 Alcibiadis, Alcibiadis , Alcibiadis) Platos Plato s Symposium 21 b wisdom Philosophy dialogs ones PlatonicSocratic Platonic Socratic reverse invisible interior truth 220 2 22

Resumo Erasmo de Rotterdam (Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus) escreveu o Adágio 2201, que se intitula Os Silenos de Alcibíades (em latim Sileni Alcibiadis), elaborado a partir do diálogo de Platão o Banquete, 215 a - 215 b. O humanista destaca o momento quando Alcibíades toma a palavra e faz um elogio a Sócrates exaltando sua sabedoria, consagrando a filosofia de Platão, em particular aquela que inclui os diálogos essencialmente religiosos e morais, menos os cosmológicos e metafísicos. O seu interesse pela filosofia platônico-socrática, em especial pelo elogio que Alcibíades fez a Sócrates, incluía uma concepção de mundo “às avessas”, porque se desdobrava na dialética entre a aparência e a realidade, o visível e o invisível, o exterior e a interioridade, a falsidade e a verdade. Desiderius Roterodamus 2201 Alcibiadis, Alcibiadis , Alcibiadis) Banquete 21 b sabedoria morais metafísicos platônicosocrática, platônicosocrática platônico socrática, socrática platônico-socrática às avessas, avessas avessas” realidade invisível interioridade verdade 220 2 22

ABSTRACT Objective: Patients with acute respiratory failure often require mechanical ventilation to reduce the work of breathing and improve gas exchange; however, this may exacerbate lung injury. Protective ventilation strategies, characterized by low tidal volumes (≤ 8mL/kg of predicted body weight) and limited plateau pressure below 30cmH2O, have shown improved outcomes in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. However, in the transition to spontaneous ventilation, it can be challenging to maintain tidal volume within protective levels, and it is unclear whether low tidal volumes during spontaneous ventilation impact patient outcomes. We developed a study protocol to estimate the prevalence of low tidal volume ventilation in the first 24 hours of spontaneous ventilation in patients with hypoxemic acute respiratory failure and its association with ventilator-free days and survival. Methods: We designed a multicenter, multinational, cohort study with a 28-day follow-up that will include patients with acute respiratory failure, defined as a partial oxygen pressure/fraction of inspired oxygen ratio < 300mmHg, in transition to spontaneous ventilation in intensive care units in Latin America. Results: We plan to include 422 patients in ten countries. The primary outcomes are the prevalence of low tidal volume in the first 24 hours of spontaneous ventilation and ventilator-free days on day 28. The secondary outcomes are intensive care unit and hospital mortality, incidence of asynchrony and return to controlled ventilation and sedation. Conclusion: In this study, we will assess the prevalence of low tidal volume during spontaneous ventilation and its association with clinical outcomes, which can inform clinical practice and future clinical trials. Objective exchange however injury strategies ≤ ( 8mLkg mLkg 8mL kg mL weight 30cmH2O cmHO cmH O syndrome However levels 2 ventilatorfree ventilator free survival Methods multicenter multinational 28day 28 followup follow up pressurefraction fraction 300mmHg mmHg America Results 42 countries mortality sedation Conclusion trials 4

RESUMO Objetivo: Pacientes com insuficiência respiratória aguda frequentemente necessitam de ventilação mecânica para reduzir o trabalho respiratório e melhorar a troca gasosa; no entanto, a ventilação mecânica pode exacerbar a lesão pulmonar. As estratégias de ventilação protetora, caracterizadas por baixo volume corrente (≤ 8mL/kg de peso corporal previsto) e pressão de platô limitada abaixo de 30cmH2O, mostraram melhores desfechos em pacientes com síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo. No entanto, na transição para a ventilação espontânea, manter o volume corrente dentro dos níveis de proteção pode ser desafiador, e não está claro se o volume corrente baixo durante a ventilação espontânea afeta os desfechos dos pacientes. Desenvolvemos um protocolo de estudo para estimar a prevalência de ventilação com volume corrente baixo nas primeiras 24 horas de ventilação espontânea em pacientes com insuficiência respiratória aguda hipoxêmica e sua associação com dias livres da ventilação mecânica e sobrevida. Métodos: Desenhamos um estudo de coorte multicêntrico, multinacional, com seguimento de 28 dias, que incluirá pacientes com insuficiência respiratória aguda, definida como pressão parcial de oxigênio/fração inspirada de oxigênio < 300mmHg, em transição para ventilação espontânea em unidades de terapia intensiva na América Latina. Resultados: Pretendemos incluir 422 pacientes em 10 países. Os desfechos primários são a prevalência de baixo volume corrente nas primeiras 24 horas de ventilação espontânea e dias livres da ventilação mecânica no dia 28. Os desfechos secundários são mortalidade hospitalar e na unidade de terapia intensiva, incidência de assincronia e retorno à ventilação controlada e sedação. Conclusão: Neste estudo, avaliaremos a prevalência de volume corrente baixo durante a ventilação espontânea e sua associação com os desfechos clínicos, o que pode informar a prática clínica e futuros ensaios clínicos. Objetivo gasosa entanto pulmonar protetora ≤ ( 8mLkg mLkg 8mL kg mL previsto 30cmH2O cmHO cmH O agudo desafiador 2 sobrevida Métodos multicêntrico multinacional oxigêniofração fração 300mmHg mmHg Latina Resultados 42 1 países sedação Conclusão clínicos 4

Abstract A middle-aged female patient with a tibial plateau fracture combined with an avulsion of the tibial eminence was treated with a combination of medial plate fixation for the plateau and an arthroscopic aided nonabsorbable suture of the eminence. Our technique for tibial eminence avulsion fractures has no interference with tibial plateau osteosynthesis materials and has proven, once again, to have good results in the treatment of combined and complex injuries of the knee. middleaged middle aged proven again knee

Resumo Uma paciente de meia-idade com fratura do platô tibial e avulsão da eminência tibial foi tratada com uma combinação de fixação do platô com placa medial e sutura da eminência com fio não absorvível auxiliada por artroscopia. Nossa técnica para fraturas com avulsão da eminência tibial não interfere nos materiais de osteossíntese do platô tibial e, mais uma vez, teve bons resultados no tratamento de lesões combinadas e complexas do joelho. meiaidade meia idade artroscopia vez joelho

ABSTRACT In this paper, I consider a hermeneutic hypothesis regarding Platonic exegesis in order to show that it presents an original response to the problem posed by the critique of the middle-period dialogues in the so-called late dialogues After commenting on some difficulties of Platonic interpretation (section I) and on the existence of different hermeneutic paradigms for interpreting the dialogues, I present the basanistic hypothesis with the aid of two passages from Plato’s Republic.Next, I analyze some of its advantages (section III) and problems (section IV). In the conclusion (section V), I argue for the efficiency of this innovative approach as a tool for reading and interpreting the Dialogues. paper middleperiod middle period socalled so called section Platos Plato s RepublicNext Republic Next Republic.Next III IV. IV . IV) V, V , V) Dialogues

RESUMO Este artigo discute uma hipótese hermenêutica da exegese de Platão com o intuito de mostrar que, ante os paradigmas de leitura existentes, ela oferece resposta original para o problema da crítica aos diálogos médios contida nos diálogos tardios. Depois de comentar algumas dificuldades da interpretação de Platão (seção I) e a vigência de diferentes paradigmas de interpretação dos Diálogos, a hipótese basanística é apresentada (seção II) com auxílio de dois trechos da República. Em seguida, são analisadas algumas de suas vantagens (seção III) e alguns de seus problemas (seção IV). A conclusão aponta para seu caráter inovador e sua eficiência como ferramenta de leitura dos Diálogos. que existentes tardios seção I Diálogos II República seguida III IV. IV . IV)

This article examined the concept and notability of mimetic desire in Augustine's autobiographical work Confessiones. Mimetic desire is based primarily on the knowledge that there is a Perfect Being, viz. God, ideal forms (in Platonic idiom), which may be known and imitated by humans. Mimesis demonstrates that humans have a natural capacity and tendency to imitate and possess what others have. Despite this, in popular culture, mimesis has the connotation of feyness and is discouraged in place of inventiveness. The culture and spirit of our day promote originality and inventiveness without an understanding of the human nature and its inherent mimetic desires. The concept of mimetic desire is rooted in Rene Girard's theory of anthropology but can be traced back as far as Plato's Republic. Therefore, this interdisciplinary concept has been explored through Augustine's narratological composition of Confessiones. The introspective tone and cultural forming narratives that make up Confessiones were succinctly examined in the context of mimetic theory. The triangular structure of mimetic desire was further explored to gain a better understanding of how Augustine relied on mimesis in his conversion to Christianity. The choice of imitating authentic models led to Augustine's moral renewal, and likewise such implications are relevant to modern-day Christians. Moreover, this article aims to promote the concept of mimesis as an ideal practise concerning human nature and conditioning, towards a virtuous and morally acceptable society. The results of this article underline the importance of narrative theory and friendship in developing positive cultures through mimesis. Through contrasting Augustine's earlier Manichaean life and his later Christian life, an illustration of mimetic desire can be drawn, and for Augustine, this could only mean Christ. CONTRIBUTION: This article contributes to the ongoing interdisciplinary studies of ontology, anthropology, theology, and sociology. By interpreting or reading Augustine's Confessiones through the lens of mimetic desire, this article offers an alternative perspective on Augustine's natural theology and virtue ethics. It further presents the conceptual framework of mimesis on Christian and Platonist praxis of the ideal forms. Moreover, the article of the narratological composition of Confessiones expounds the importance of interpersonal relationships in our spiritual growth. The triangular structure of mimesis was further expounded in the context of interior life, viz. interior homo [inner man] as the ultimate model.

The Zondo Commission's report of 2022 plays a decisive role in the motivation to write the article. Considering recent political developments in South Africa, specifically the uprising of violent protests on grassroots level in many townships, it has become paramount for research in theology, specifically, the branches of practical and pastoral theology, to give thorough attention to the following research questions: How can the discipline of pastoral care contribute to social change on grassroots level as well as promote the spiritual healing of communities exposed to constant forms of violence? How does the quest for social and community transformation impacts on theory formation in the discipline of pastoral caregiving? The article takes up the challenge posed by Desmond Tutu: Change the Rainbow Nation into a compassionate society. What will be the implication for pastoral caregiving and the ecclesial ministry? A trans-epistemological analysis of the notion of democracy has been performed. The root of democratic thinking is revisited and critically analysed by means of Plato's radical critique on the 'democratic type'. While taking the mad option of Desmond Tutu seriously, it becomes obvious that pastoral caregiving should shift from a problem-solving approach to a community engagement approach. This approach should explore the irrational option of an ethos of sacrifice, based on divine madness. Paul calls this spiritual option: The weakness and foolishness of God (1 Cor 1:18-25). The divine sacrificial option implies the radical engagement of a theology of pastoral madness. CONTRIBUTION: My choice for a praxis approach to human suffering within contexts of civil societal unrest and demeaning forms of social stigmatisation like xenophobia, is the transformation of ecclesial and ministerial paradigms emanating from cathedral thinking (churches as demonstration of clerical power and abstract liturgies) into xenodochia thinking: Churches as safe havens (xenodochia) for the stigmatised outsiders in civil society. In this regard, the theological notion of the folly of God, should serve as the Christian spiritual cornerstone for implementing the concept of God as Friend and Partner or Host for Life. The latter is our choice for the madness of pastoral engagements in civil society. The sacrificial grace of God illustrates sheer divine irrationality: xenophilia as xenodochia.

The article surveys a number of common elements between Augustine and Origen that shed light on the existence of a Christian form of philosophical rhetoric with roots in Plato. The article briefly presents Socrates' approach to this form of rhetoric in the Phaedrus dialogue, a rhetoric that aims at teaching truth, unlike the other forms of rhetoric, and focuses on the true nature of the soul, its present condition, and the journey towards true happiness. Socrates calls it a form of ψυχαγωγία, guidance for the soul. A brief survey of Philo's use of ψυχαγωγία/ψυχαγωγέω in his comments on Moses illustrates how the Socratic form of rhetoric has been appropriated in some currents of Hellenistic Judaism, which could have been one of the sources for the development of the Christian form of philosophical rhetoric in Origen and Augustine.

Abstract The Asinus is one of the late dialogues of the Neapolitan humanist Giovanni Pontano (1429-1503). Although the text follows in several points the genre of humanist dialogue as it had been shaped in the Quattrocento from the influence of Plato, Cicero, and Luciano de Samosata, the Asinus presents a structure in many ways similar to a theatrical comedy. Set shortly after the peace agreement between King Ferrante I and Pope Innocent VIII in 1486, the dialogue deals with presenting the figure of its author from the perspective of characters belonging to different social circles. The objective of this article is to analyze the way in which Pontano builds a self-parody of himself that nevertheless has the function of legitimizing his role as ambassador in Ferrante's court.

Resumen El Asinus es uno de los diálogos tardíos del humanista napolitano Giovanni Pontano (1429-1503). Si bien el texto sigue en varios puntos el género del diálogo humanista tal como había sido conformado en el Quattrocento a partir de la influencia de Platón, Cicerón y Luciano de Samosata, el Asinus presenta una estructura en muchos sentidos similar a una comedia teatral. Ambientado poco después del acuerdo de paz entre el rey Ferrante I y el papa Inocencio VIII en 1486, el diálogose ocupa de presentar la figura de su autor desde la perspectiva de personajes pertenecientes a distintos círculos sociales. El objetivo de este artículo consiste en analizar la forma en la que Pontano construye una imagen autoparódica de sí mismo que sin embargo tiene la función de legitimar su rol como embajador en la corte de Ferrante.

This article explores the religious interpretation of play philosophy across different historical periods and contexts, from ancient Greek thought to contemporary digital media. Drawing on the works of prominent philosophers such as Heraclitus, Plato, Nietzsche, Heidegger, and Huizinga, as well as recent scholarship on digital media and religion, the article examines the role of play in shaping religious thought, practice and experience. It consists of three main sections, focusing on divine play in ancient Greek philosophy, the religious connotations of the 'playful order' in the works of Nietzsche, Heidegger, and Huizinga, and the transformative potential of video games as a medium for religious expression and exploration. CONTRIBUTION: By synthesising diverse perspectives and examining the religious implications of play philosophy in various contexts, this study offers new insights into the relationship between the divine and humanity, and the significance of play in religious life. It also highlights the potential of digital media to provide innovative avenues for religious exploration, fostering a deeper understanding of the role of play in both historical and contemporary religious contexts.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate how ventilatory support, the duration of invasive ventilatory support use and lung mechanics are related to barotrauma development in patients who are severely infected with COVID-19 and who are admitted to the intensive care unit and develop pulmonary barotrauma. Methods: Retrospective cohort study of patients who were severely infected with COVID-19 and who developed pulmonary barotrauma secondary to mechanical ventilation. Results: This study included 60 patients with lung barotrauma who were divided into two groups: 37 with early barotrauma and 23 with late barotrauma. The early barotrauma group included more individuals who needed noninvasive ventilation (62.2% versus 26.1%, p = 0.01). The tidal volume/kg of predicted body weight on the day of barotrauma was measured, and 24 hours later, it was significantly greater in the late barotrauma group than in the early barotrauma group. During the day, barotrauma was accompanied by plateau pressure and driving pressure accompanied by tidal volume, which significantly increased in the late barotrauma group. According to the SAPS 3, patients in the early barotrauma group had more pulmonary thromboembolism and more severe illness. However, the intensive care unit mortality rates did not significantly differ between the two groups (66.7% for early barotrauma versus 76.9% for late barotrauma). Conclusion: We investigated the effect of respiratory mechanics on barotrauma in patients with severe COVID-19 and found that 25% of patients were on nonprotective ventilation parameters when they developed barotrauma. However, 50% of patients were on protective ventilation parameters, suggesting that other nonventilatory factors may contribute to barotrauma. Objective COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 Methods Results 6 3 2 62.2% 622 62 (62.2 261 26 1 26.1% 0.01. 001 0.01 . 0 01 0.01) volumekg volume kg measured later illness However 66.7% 667 66 7 (66.7 769 76 9 76.9 barotrauma) Conclusion 25 50 COVID1 COVID- 62.2 (62. 26.1 00 0.0 66.7 (66. 76. 5 62. (62 26. 0. 66. (66 (6 (

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar como o suporte ventilatório, o tempo de uso do suporte ventilatório invasivo e a mecânica pulmonar estão relacionados ao desenvolvimento de barotrauma em pacientes com infecção grave pela COVID-19 admitidos na unidade de terapia intensiva. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo de coorte retrospectivo de pacientes com infecção grave pela COVID-19 que desenvolveram barotrauma pulmonar secundário à ventilação mecânica. Resultados: Este estudo incluiu 60 pacientes com barotrauma pulmonar divididos em dois grupos: 37 com barotrauma precoce e 23 com barotrauma tardio. O grupo com barotrauma precoce incluiu mais indivíduos que precisaram de ventilação não invasiva (62,2% versus 26,1%, p = 0,01). O volume corrente/kg de peso corporal previsto no dia do barotrauma foi medido e, 24 horas depois, foi significativamente maior no grupo com barotrauma tardio do que no grupo com barotrauma precoce. Durante o dia, o barotrauma foi acompanhado pela pressão de platô e pela pressão de distensão acompanhada do volume corrente, o qual aumentou significativamente no grupo com barotrauma tardio. De acordo com o SAPS 3, os pacientes do grupo com barotrauma precoce apresentaram mais tromboembolia pulmonar e doença mais grave. Entretanto, as taxas de mortalidade na unidade de terapia intensiva não diferiram significativamente entre os dois grupos (66,7% para barotrauma precoce versus 76,9% para barotrauma tardio). Conclusão: Investigamos o efeito da mecânica respiratória no barotrauma em pacientes com COVID-19 graves e descobrimos que um quarto dos pacientes estava em parâmetros de ventilação não protetores quando desenvolveram barotrauma. No entanto, 50% dos pacientes estavam em parâmetros de ventilação protetora, sugerindo que outros fatores não ventilatórios podem contribuir para o barotrauma. Objetivo COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 Métodos Tratase Trata se Resultados 6 3 2 62,2% 622 62 (62,2 261 26 1 26,1% 0,01. 001 0,01 . 0 01 0,01) correntekg corrente kg depois Entretanto 66,7% 667 66 7 (66,7 769 76 9 76,9 tardio) Conclusão entanto 50 protetora COVID1 COVID- 62,2 (62, 26,1 00 0,0 66,7 (66, 76, 5 62, (62 26, 0, 66, (66 (6 (

Resumo: No Banquetede Platão, Fedro é considerado o “pai do discurso” e ocupa na sala o primeiro assento à esquerda. Ele introduz o tema do amor e inicia seu discurso com uma série de referências à tradição, incluindo figuras como Hesíodo, Acusilau e Parmênides, para elogiar Eros. Fedro enfatiza o papel do amor na guerra, na política e nas relações amorosas, ressaltando como o amor motiva os humanos a agirem de maneira excepcional. Seu argumento culmina na ideia de que o ápice do amor é a disposição de morrer por aqueles a quem amamos. Ilustra essa perspectiva com exemplos de casais: Alceste e Admeto, Orfeu e Eurídice e Aquiles e Pátroclo, demonstrando como o amor está intrinsecamente ligado à morte e como este sacrifício é recompensado pelos deuses. Esta tradução destaca termos específicos usados em contextos pederásticos como erastes e eromenos, através da transliteração, diferenciando-os de termos mais genéricos para amantes e amados. A introdução aborda brevemente como a compreensão das relações pederásticas e questões relacionadas ao gênero das personagens podem influenciar a interpretação do discurso. Esta tradução convida os leitores a uma análise minuciosa do discurso de Fedro, explorando as complexidades discutidas e suas implicações para o entendimento do amor na obra de Platão. Resumo Platão pai esquerda tradição Hesíodo Parmênides Eros guerra amorosas excepcional amamos casais Admeto Pátroclo deuses eromenos transliteração diferenciandoos diferenciando amados

Abstract: In Plato's Symposium, Phaedrus is recognized as the "father of discourse" and occupies the first seat on the left. He introduces the theme of love, commencing his discourse with a series of references to tradition, including figures like Hesiod, Acusilaus, and Parmenides, to extol Eros. Phaedrus underscores the role of love in war, politics, and amorous relationships, emphasizing how love motivates humans to act exceptionally. His argument culminates in the notion that the pinnacle of love is the willingness to die for those we love. He illustrates this perspective with examples of couples: Alcestis and Admetus, Orpheus and Eurydice, and Achilles and Patroclus, demonstrating how love is inherently linked to death and how this sacrifice is rewarded by the gods. This translation highlights specific terms used in pederastic contexts, such as erastes and eromenos, through transliteration, distinguishing them from more generic terms for lovers and loved ones. The introduction briefly addresses how the understanding of pederastic relationships and issues related to the gender of the characters can influence the interpretation of the discourse. This translation invites readers to undertake a meticulous analysis of Phaedrus's discourse, exploring the complexities discussed and their implications for the understanding of love in Plato's work. Abstract Platos Plato s Symposium father left tradition Hesiod Acusilaus Parmenides Eros war politics exceptionally couples Admetus Eurydice Patroclus gods contexts eromenos transliteration ones Phaedruss work