Abstract Green areas in urban landscapes are under strong anthropogenic pressure, and, at the same time are fundamental to maintaining biodiversity, as they provide resources for many animal and plant species. Knowing these species is fundamental for its maintenance and conservation, and inventories are extremely important for monitoring fauna and conserving it. Therefore, the goal of this research is to inventory the butterflies species in the park of the Instituto Butantan (Ibu), located in an urban area in the city of São Paulo, southeast Brazil. The surveys of butterflies were conducted through visual censuses from August 2017 to July 2019 and recorded a total of 324 butterfly species. The most speciose family was Hesperiidae, followed by Nymphalidae, Lycaenidae, Pieridae, Riodinidae, and Papilionidae. Among the sampled species, there is Euselasia zara which is a new record for the state of São Paulo. Neither the species accumulation nor the richness estimator curves tended to reach an asymptote, suggesting that additional butterflies’ species will be recorded with more sampling effort on the site. Even with a flora composed mainly of exotic and ornamental plants, the park of Instituto Butantan exhibits a very rich butterfly community. This community exhibits a pattern of seasonally variation, with the peak of species richness related to the rainy season. When compared with Cidade Universitária Armando de Salles Oliveira (USP), another nearby urban green area, which is larger, more heterogeneous and sampled over a longer period, it is possible to notice that the Ibu butterfly community is a subsample of this larger one. These results highlight the potential that urban parks have for the maintenance and conservation of butterfly species. pressure biodiversity Therefore Ibu, , (Ibu) Paulo Brazil 201 32 Hesperiidae Nymphalidae Lycaenidae Pieridae Riodinidae Papilionidae asymptote site plants variation season USP, USP (USP) period one (Ibu 20 3 (USP 2

Resumen Se determinan las relaciones biogeográficas entre áreas aisladas de bosque tropical húmedo de México a partir de sus faunas de mariposas. Los análisis se hicieron a partir de los registros de 676 especies pertenecientes a las familias Papilionidae, Pieridae, Riodinidae, Lycaenidae y Nymphalidae en unidades geográficas de Tabasco, Chiapas, Oaxaca, Veracruz, San Luis Potosí y Campeche, mediante el uso de algoritmos de parsimonia y similitud. Ambos métodos corroboraron que las unidades mejor estudiadas forman un grupo consistente: Sierra de Juárez-Los Tuxtlas-Chajul-Huichihuayán, mientras que Soconusco representa el área más diferenciada.

Abstract The aim of this paper is to determine the biogeographical relationships between isolated areas of tropical rainforests in Mexico from their butterfly faunas. The analysis were made from the records of 676 species belonging to the families Papilionidae, Pieridae, Riodinidae, Lycaenidae and Nymphalidae in 12 geographic units in Tabasco, Chiapas, Oaxaca, Veracruz, San Luis Potosí and Campeche, through the use of parsimony and similarity algorithms. Both methods corroborated that the best studied units form a consistent group: Sierra de Juárez–Los Tuxtlas–Chajul–Huichihuayán, while Soconusco represents the most differentiated area.

Resumen Este trabajo es el primer registro sobre la caracterización de la diversidad de lepidópteros (Papilionoidea) en el Parque Arqueológico de Tierradentro, vereda de San Andrés de Pisimbalá, Inzá, Cauca, Colombia, considerada como una región ecoturística y de importancia cultural para el país. Se establecieron recorridos a lo largo de tres coberturas vegetales identificadas como bosque secundario, cultivos de pancoger y potrero. Para la recolecta de mariposas se emplearon dos métodos de muestreo, el primero con red entomológica y el segundo mediante el uso de trampas tipo Van Someren Rydon. Se registró un total de 128 especies, distribuidas en 99 géneros y cinco familias (Nymphalidae, Hesperiidae, Pieridae, Riodinidae y Lycaenidae). Las coberturas de bosque y cultivos presentaron la mayor diversidad, probablemente por la heterogeneidad vegetal observada. Adicionalmente, se encontró que el bosque presentaba algunas especies indicadoras que se asocian con buenos estados de conservación.

Abstract This work is the first report on the characterization of Lepidoptera diversity (Papilionoidea) in Tierradentro Archaeological Park, San Andrés de Pisimbalá, Inzá, Cauca, Colombia, considered an ecotourism region of cultural importance for the country. Routes were established along secondary forest, pancoger crops and pastures. To collect Lepidoptera, two sampling methods were used, the first using an entomological net and the second using van Someren Rydon traps. A total of 128 species distributed in 99 genera and five families (Nymphalidae, Hesperiidae, Pieridae, Riodinidae and Lycaenidae) were collected. Forest cover and pancoger crops were the most diverse, probably due to the plant heterogeneity observed. Additionally, it was found that the forest presented some indicator species that are associated with good conservation states.

Fragmentos urbanos de mata, como parques e praças, oferecem recursos alimentares, sobretudo abrigo e condições favoráveis para a permanência de borboletas. Este estudo fornece um inventário de borboletas e também a observação das plantas visitadas por indivíduos adultos em um pequeno parque urbano, Parque Municipal Américo Renê Giannetti, Belo Horizonte, estado de Minas Gerais. Amostrou-se uma área de 18,2 ha no período de dezembro/2006 à dezembro/2007, com o auxilio de rede entomológica e armadilhas com frutos fermentados. Foram registrados 165 indivíduos de 78 espécies, distribuídos nas seguintes famílias: Nymphalidae - 46 spp., Hesperiidae - 10 spp., Lycaenidae - sete spp., Pieridae - sete spp., Riodinidae - cinco spp. e Papilionidae - três spp. Entre as plantas visitadas observou-se que a com maior atratividade foi Lantana camara (Verbenaceae), um arbusto com flores de cores vibrantes, destacada como fonte usual de néctar e pólen. As borboletas encontradas indicaram a importância da manutenção de áreas verdes urbanas, proporcionando condições favoráveis para a permanência de borboletas, mesmo em ambientes antrópicos.

Urban forest fragments, such as parks and squares provide food resources, shelter, and favorable conditions for the maintenance of butterflies. This study provides an inventory of butterflies and observations of plants visited by adults in a small urban park, the Américo Renê Giannetti Municipal city park, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State. We sampled an area of 18.2 ha from December 2006 to December 2007 with entomological net and traps baited with fermented fruits. We recorded 165 individuals belonging to 78 species, as follows: 46 spp. of Nymphalidae; 10 spp. of Hesperiidae, seven spp. of Lycaenidae, seven spp. of Pieridae, five spp. of Riodinidae; and three species of Papilionidae. Between the plants visited the more attractive was Lantana camara (Verbenaceae), a shrub with flowers of vibrant colors and common source of nectar and pollen. The butterflies recorded show the importance of maintenance of urban green areas, providing favorable conditions for the permanence of butterflies, even in anthropic environments.

O Parque Ecológico João Vasconcelos Sobrinho (PEJVS), conhecido localmente como Brejo dos Cavalos, é um fragmento de "mata serrana" de 359 ha inserido no semi-árido brasileiro, e que atualmente encontra-se sobre alta pressão antrópica. Uma lista com 197 espécies de borboletas pertencentes a seis famílias é apresentada, sendo 59 espécies de Hesperiidae, 4 de Papilionidae, 18 de Pieridae, 17 de Lycaenidae, 12 de Riodinidae e 87 de Nymphalidae. A fauna é composta principalmente de espécies de áreas abertas e com ampla distribuição geográfica. Entretanto, diversas espécies típicas de áreas florestadas também estão presentes, uma delas, Scada karschina delicata Talbot, 1932 (Danainae: Ithomiini), é uma espécie de borboleta criticamente ameaçada de extinção.

Comprising a natural reserve with 359 ha of "montane forest" inserted on the Brazilian semi-arid, the Parque Ecológico João Vasconcelos Sobrinho (PEJVS), locally known as "Brejo dos Cavalos" is currently under high anthropogenic pressure. A list of 197 species of butterflies belonging to six families is presented, being 59 species of Hesperiidae, 4 of Papilionidae, 18 of Pieridae, 17 of Lycaenidae, 12 of Riodinidae and 87 of Nymphalidae. The butterfly community was composed mainly by widespread species commonly found in open habitats. There were also many species typical of forested areas such as Scada karschina delicata Talbot, 1932 (Danainae: Ithomiini), which is an endangered butterfly.

Com o objetivo de contribuir com o conhecimento das borboletas de Curitiba, foram estudados dois parques municipais urbanos, o Jardim Botânico que possui área total de 178.000 m² e um bosque de Floresta Ombrófila Mista preservada restrito a pesquisa científica, e o Parque Municipal da Barreirinha que possui uma área total de 275.380 m² e a área utilizada para as amostragens de livre acesso a população, com predominância de vegetação reflorestada. Após 10 meses de amostragem, perfazendo 240 horas, foram registrados 787 indivíduos e 166 espécies, distribuídos nas famílias: Hesperiidae - 46 spp. (27,7%), Nymphalidae - 75 spp. (45,2%), Pieridae - 17 spp. (10,3%), Lycaenidae - 13 spp. (7,8%), Papilionidae - 8 spp. (4,8%) e Riodinidae - 7 spp. (4,2%), dentre estas 22 espécies são novos registros para Curitiba, pertencentes as famílias: Hesperiidae, Pieridae, Lycaenidae, Riodinidae e Nymphalidae. Das espécies registradas, apenas 33% são comuns a ambos os Parques, sendo que o índice de Similaridade de Sorensen de 48% confirma que cada um dos locais estudados possui lepidopterofauna característica e distinta um do outro.

In order to contribute to the knowledge of butterflies of Curitiba, were studied two urban municipal parks, the Botanical Garden which has total area of 178,000 m² and has a grove of preserved Araucaria forest only for scientific research, and the Municipal Park of Barreirinha which has total area of 275,380 m² and the area used for sampling of free access to population, with predominance of reforested vegetation. After 10 months of sampling, totaling 240 hours, 787 individuals and 166 species were registered, distributed to the families: Hesperiidae - 46 spp. (27.7%), Nymphalidae - 75 spp. (45.2%), Pieridae - 17 spp. (10.3%), Lycaenidae - 13 spp. (7.8%), Papilionidae - 8 spp. (4.8%) and Riodinidae - 7 spp. (4.2%), among which 22 species are new records for Curitiba, belonging to the families: Hesperiidae, Pieridae, Lycaenidae, Riodinidae and Nymphalidae. About the recorded species, only 33% are considered common to the parks, Sorensen similarity index of 48% confirm that each location has a characteristic lepidopterofauna and distinct from each other.

El Estado de México posee características geográfico-ecológicas que lo hacen una región de gran diversidad biológica; respecto a Hesperioidea y Papilionoidea posee el 15% de las especies registradas para México, del cual el 17% son endémicas para el país. Con base en la información bibliográfica y la consulta de la base de datos del Museo de Zoología de la Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM, se integró la lista de las dos superfamilias para el Estado de México; esta se compone de seis familias, 22 subfamilias, 197 géneros y 325 especies (95 Hesperiidae, 19 Papilionidae, 35 Pieridae, 54 Lycaenidae, 20 Riodinidae y 102 Nymphalidae). De cada especie se anexó la lista de localidades de recolecta, vuelo, la colección donde están depositados los ejemplares, o la cita de la cual se tomó el dato.

Distribution of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea and Papilionoidea) from Mexico State, Mexico. The State of Mexico is a region with great biological diversity, owing to its geographical and ecological features. Regarding Hesperioidea and Papilionoidea, 15 % of the Mexican species are recorded in the State of Mexico, 17 % of which are endemic to the country. A checklist of the two superfamilies for the State of Mexico was integrated, based on published literature and databases at the Museo de Zoología of the Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM. The checklist is composed by six families, 22 subfamilies, 197 genera and 325 species (95 Hesperiidae, 19 Papilionidae, 35 Pieridae, 54 Lycaenidae, 20 Riodinidae, and 102 Nymphalidae). A list of each species is presented, including collecting localities, flight month, and whether data correspond to scientific collection records or literature. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (3): 1309-1341. Epub 2008 September 30.