Abstract This paper analyzes the translation and validation of the instrument developed by Flores and Adlaon (2022) to apply the inductive method with the SAMR model in Spanish-speaking educational contexts. The justification for the topic lies in the need to adapt effective pedagogical tools to the Spanish language to facilitate their use in teaching and learning with technology. The main objectives were to translate the instrument and, through the judgment of experts in the educational and technological fields, to carry out its semantic validation. The methodology included the translation of the instrument “Extent of ICT Integration in Science Based on SAMR Model” into Spanish, followed by its validation. The 11 experts evaluated the relevance and clarity of the items using a Likert scale from 0 to 5. The content validity was calculated with the Aiken V methodology, obtaining a coefficient of 0.8163, which indicates a good validity index, the Cronbach’s Alpha value was 0.9682. The results showed that, although most of the items were well rated, some required reformulation to improve their clarity, relevance and comprehension in the Spanish translation. The instrument proved to be adequate for evaluating the degree of integration of ICT in education, facilitating its application in Spanish-speaking contexts and promoting the adoption of inductive methodologies supported by educational technologies.

Resumen El presente trabajo analiza la traducción y validación del instrumento desarrollado por Flores y Adlaon (2022) para aplicar el método inductivo con el modelo SAMR en contextos educativos hispanohablantes. La justificación del tema radica en la necesidad de adaptar herramientas pedagógicas efectivas al idioma español para facilitar su uso en la enseñanza-aprendizaje con tecnología. Los objetivos principales fueron traducir el instrumento y por medio del juicio de expertos en el área educativa y tecnológica, realizar su validación semántica. La metodología incluyó la traducción del instrumento Extent of ICT Integration in Science Based on SAMR Model al español, seguido de su validación. Los 11 expertos evaluaron la pertinencia y claridad de los ítems utilizando una escala Likert de 0 a 5. La validez de contenido se calculó con la metodología de la V de Aiken, obteniendo un coeficiente de 0,8163, lo que indica un índice de validez bueno, el valor alfa de Cronbach fue de 0,9682. Los resultados mostraron que, aunque la mayoría de los ítems fueron bien valorados, algunos requirieron reformulación para mejorar su claridad, pertinencia y comprensión en la traducción al idioma español. El instrumento demostró ser adecuado para evaluar el grado de integración de las TIC en la educación, facilitando su aplicación en contextos hispanohablantes y promoviendo la adopción de metodologías inductivas apoyadas por tecnologías educativas.

The purpose of this paper is to explore student supervision in research at the University of Namibia and propose interventions that enhance effective postgraduate student research supervision using digital technology. The paper employed Barry Stierer's methods of critical reflection dictated by the three domains namely, criticality, reflexivity, and praxis. These methods are further used to support critical reflection of the context and make interpretations related to the use of technology to enhance student supervision in higher education institutions in general and at the University of Namibia in particular. This paper revealed that student supervision in research is not taken as a mean to enable pedagogic access. There is no institutional common procedures or model of postgraduate student research supervision leading to academics adopting the supervisory methods they have experienced when they were supervised. The paper contributed to theory, practice and policy that research supervision is taken as a common sense than a scientific approach. However, it recommended that postgraduate student research supervision can benefit from digital technology just like teaching and learning as well as assessment

In this article we report on the initial professional discourse on teaching natural science (NS) in the Foundation Phase among a sample of novice teachers in the Western Cape province of South Africa. The sample comprised 7 novice teachers (NTs) with 3 or fewer years of teaching experience. We investigated the NTs preparedness to teach NS, exploring their interpretation of the foundation phase (FP) life skills (LS) curriculum and assessment policy statement (CAPS). We identified and examined gaps in the NTs' understanding and knowledge of teaching NS to formulate an intervention programme (IP), and an 8-week IP integrating theoretical and practical elements was subsequently developed. The data collection instruments included a questionnaire, semi-structured interviews and classroom observations. Inductive and deductive analysis were employed in coding the data, defining common trends and categorising these into themes. The findings highlight the teachers' lack of content knowledge (CK), pedagogical knowledge (PK) and pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) for NS teaching. The study underscores the need for effective approaches to teaching NS, such as a pedagogy of inquiry with specific strategies to foreground learner agency. Instruction in these approaches should be incorporated into teacher training curricula at higher education institutions (HEIs), which is recommended as a topic for future research.

Resumen: El propósito de este artículo fue hacer una reflexión del uso de las cuestiones socialmente vivas (CSV) como una herramienta pedagógica para abordar problemas sociocientíficos en el aula que contribuyan a favorecer diferentes aspectos, entre ellos la alfabetización científica, la argumentación basada en evidencia y el pensamiento crítico. Para ello, se generó un espacio en el aula con estudiantes de la Licenciatura en Pedagogía, donde se aplicaron diversas actividades a modo de secuencia, entre ellas las CSV, para conocer las opiniones, creencias, percepciones que tienen sobre una problemática socioambiental, en este caso el cambio climático, que tiene un fuerte impacto actualmente. El aula fungió como espacio reflexivo donde las CSV fueron consideradas como una estrategia eficaz para abordar problemas interdisciplinarios, tanto estudiantes como el docente reflexionaron sobre aquellos procesos que se deben trabajar, como el desarrollo de la capacidad argumentativa, el uso de fuentes confiables en la argumentación y la toma de decisiones basada en evidencias. En consecuencia, se recomienda y resulta imprescindible comenzar a integrar esta herramienta desde niveles educativos básicos

Resumo: O propósito deste artigo foi fazer uma reflexão sobre o uso das Questões Socialmente Vivas (QSV) como uma ferramenta pedagógica para abordar problemas sociocientíficos em sala de aula, contribuindo para diferentes aspectos, entre eles a alfabetização científica, a argumentação baseada em evidências e o pensamento crítico. Para isso, foi criado um espaço em sala de aula com estudantes da Licenciatura em Pedagogia, onde foram aplicadas diversas atividades em sequência, incluindo o QSV, para conhecer as opiniões, crenças e percepções dos alunos sobre um problema socioambiental, neste caso, a mudança climática, que tem um impacto significativo na atualidade. A sala de aula funcionou como um espaço reflexivo, no qual as QSV foram consideradas uma estratégia eficaz para abordar problemas interdisciplinares, tanto os estudantes quanto o docente refletiram sobre os processos que precisam ser trabalhados, como o desenvolvimento da capacidade argumentativa, o uso de fontes confiáveis na argumentação e a tomada de decisões baseada em evidências. Consequentemente, recomenda-se e considera-se começar a integrar essa ferramenta desde os níveis básicos da educação

Abstract: This article reflects on the use of socially living issues (SLI) as a pedagogical tool for addressing socioscientific problems in the classroom, with the aim of fostering various competencies, including scientific literacy, evidence-based argumentation, and critical thinking. To this end, a learning space was created with undergraduate Pedagogy students, where a sequence of activities-including SLI-was implemented to explore their opinions, beliefs, and perceptions regarding a pressing socio-environmental issue: climate change. The classroom served as a reflective space in which SLI were recognized as an effective strategy for tackling interdisciplinary problems. Both students and the instructor engaged in discussions on key aspects to develop, such as argumentative skills, the use of reliable sources in reasoning, and evidence-based decision-making. As a result, it is strongly recommended that this tool be integrated into educational curricula from early levels of schooling

Chemometrics is gaining more and more space in universities and industry. To contribute to the development and expansion of principal component analysis (PCA) teaching proposals, this work evaluated the answers of the students to a questionnaire and presented a didactic-pedagogical proposal that can contribute to solving the principal doubts achieved by students in the PCA interpretation. Based on data collected in a semi-open questionnaire, the proposal was developed based on methodological principles of historical-critical pedagogy, containing the objectives, the problems surrounding the topic, and the cultural instruments necessary for understanding and interpreting PCA in the discipline of chemometrics by using new resources and instruments, especially free software, Chemostat. This proposal covers topics related to the concept of chemometrics and PCA, the explanation of the data set, pre-processing, use of Chemostat software, and analysis of principal components. It is hoped that this proposal can promote a better understanding concerning PCA on the part of students, as well as effective incorporation of the phenomena that involve this tool and its applications, and interpretation. Likewise, it is expected that this didactic-pedagogical proposal can support new teaching practices in chemometrics subjects in higher education. industry (PCA proposals didacticpedagogical didactic pedagogical interpretation semiopen semi open historicalcritical historical critical pedagogy objectives topic software set preprocessing, preprocessing pre processing, processing pre-processing components applications Likewise education

BACKGROUND: The article critiques the monoglossic ideologies that dominate current educational practices in South Africa, which often marginalise indigenous African languages and fail to facilitate the dynamic multilingual realities of learners. It examines the impact of English language pedagogies in multilingual settings, particularly in South Africa, where the dominance of English affects indigenous languages and cultures. OBJECTIVES: The article aims to advocate for a paradigm shift in language education, proposing the integration of plurilingual and translanguaging pedagogies to address South Africa's complex linguistic and cultural landscape. METHOD: The study analyses educational policies, curriculum documents, and literature on language learning and teaching approaches, focusing on monoglossic ideologies and their alternatives, such as translanguaging and plurilingualism. RESULTS: The article suggests that merging plurilingual and translanguaging pedagogies can lead to more inclusive and effective language education practices. Such a hybrid pedagogy would facilitate language learning, foster social cohesion, and actively empower learners to participate in a multicultural society. CONCLUSION: The proposed paradigm shift calls for collaborative efforts among policymakers, educators, and communities to embrace linguistic diversity as a resource and to transform language education in South Africa. CONTRIBUTION: This shift aims to innovate pedagogical practices, ensuring that all languages in learners' repertoires are valued and that education reflects the sociocultural realities of the nation. It contributes to the discourse on language education by advocating for a hybrid approach that integrates translanguaging and plurilingualism, offering a comprehensive perspective on multilingual and multicultural education in South Africa.

The theopoetic imaginative approach in theological education offers a new paradigm that connects theological tradition with dynamic sociocultural contexts. This approach emphasises local imagination and symbolism and helps students develop a critical and contextual reflection on Christian teachings. Through integrating local cultural symbols, such as Dalihan Na Tolu in Batak culture or gotong royong in Javanese culture, theology is understood as a static doctrine and a living and relevant reflection. Theopoetic imagination also encourages interfaith and cultural dialogue, allowing Christian theology in Indonesia to interact creatively with other traditions. This approach provides students with space to think more creatively and become agents of change who can respond to social and spiritual challenges in a relevant manner. CONTRIBUTION: This study enriches theological pedagogy by offering a creative, imagination-based approach relevant to pluralistic socio-cultural contexts. This approach also contributes to interdisciplinary dialogue that connects aesthetics, theology and social reality

Resumo: Formar professores que possuam conhecimentos específicos para o bom uso do feedback é um grande desafio. Este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar os conhecimentos prévios sobre feedback que futuros professores possuem ao ingressar na formação inicial docente. Com um delineamento de estudo de caso instrumental e uma amostragem por conveniência, foi realizado um estudo descritivo e transversal com a participação voluntária de 227 estudantes recém-ingressados em cursos de Pedagogia. Foi aplicado um questionário de vinhetas narrativas, contendo uma situação hipotética que ilustrava a entrega de comentários em forma de devolutiva. Foi realizada uma análise de conteúdo de natureza fundamentalmente indutiva, precedida por uma análise de concordância interna. Os resultados indicam que pouco mais de 50% dos participantes conseguem questionar a devolutiva descrita como prática de feedback, e uma proporção entre 24% e 31% elaboram comentários pertinentes à análise do dilema, considerando três focos de interesse: para onde vou; como vou e como sigo; e caminhos para melhoria. Os achados evidenciam que o feedback é um campo de desenvolvimento profissional docente que necessita ser aprofundado por meio de atividades que contribuam a fortalecer os saberes na área pedagógica-prática

Abstract: Training teachers with specific knowledge for effective feedback use is a significant challenge. This study aimed to characterize the prior knowledge about feedback that future teachers possess upon entering initial teacher training. Using an instrumental case study design and convenience sampling, a descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with the voluntary participation of 227 newly admitted pedagogy students. A vignette-based questionnaire was applied, presenting a hypothetical situation illustrating the delivery of feedback comments. A primarily inductive content analysis was performed following an internal consistency check. The results indicate that just over 50% of participants were able to critically assess the described feedback practice, while between 24% and 31% provided relevant comments on the dilemma based on three key areas of interest: goal setting ("Where am I going?"), progress evaluation ("How am I doing?"), and improvement strategies ("What are my next steps?"). The findings highlight that feedback remains a crucial area for professional teacher development, requiring further reinforcement through activities that strengthen pedagogical and practical knowledge

Resumen: Formar profesores que cuenten con conocimientos específicos para el buen uso de la retroalimentación es todo un reto. Este estudio tuvo por objetivo caracterizar los conocimientos previos acerca de la retroalimentación que tienen futuros profesores al ingresar a la formación inicial docente. Bajo un diseño de casos de tipo instrumental y un muestreo por conveniencia, se efectuó un estudio descriptivo y transversal que contó con la participación voluntaria de 227 estudiantes de acceso reciente a Pedagogía. Se aplicó un cuestionario de viñetas con una situación hipotética que ilustraba la entrega de comentarios en forma de devolución. Se realizó un análisis de contenido de naturaleza fundamentalmente inductiva, previo análisis de concordancia interna. Los resultados dan cuenta de que poco más del 50 % de los casos es capaz de poner en cuestión la devolución descrita como práctica de retroalimentación y una proporción entre 24 % y 31 % elabora comentarios atingentes al análisis del dilema en función de tres focos de interés: hacia dónde voy; cómo voy y cómo sigo; caminos de mejora. Se evidencia que la retroalimentación es un campo de desarrollo profesional docente a profundizar a través de actividades que tributen a fortalecer saberes en el área pedagógica-práctica

BACKGROUND. Collaborative online international learning (COIL) has become popular within universities to internationalise the curriculum and enable students' development as global citizens. It facilitates the coconstruction of disciplinary knowledge across cultures. This authentic learning experience is characterised by an authentic context, authentic tasks, access to experts and the incorporation of multiple roles and perspectives. By emphasising collaborative knowledge construction, reflection, articulation, coaching and scaffolding, COIL can potentially enhance engagement and improve educational outcomes, especially when designed to reflect the complex tasks performed by professionals in the field. OBJECTIVE. To explore the learning experiences of undergraduate clinical technology students participating in a COIL project and to determine whether COIL could provide an authentic learning environment. METHODS. A qualitative approach, sampling 2nd-year clinical technology students (n=16) registered for a Research Methodology I module at a university of technology, was employed. After ethics approval was obtained, we conducted focus group discussions, lasting approximately 45 - 60 minutes, using a semi-structured interview guide. Data were examined using thematic analysis. RESULTS. Five themes emerged: Participant experiences, communication, cultural perceptions, the development of graduate attributes and translating theory to practice. Despite the challenges, such as time zones, delays in peer responses and poor connectivity, students reported a positive experience. Language was a challenge, but they overcame this by adopting innovative digital tools. Students were exposed to the lifestyles of their Mexican peers, and work-balance strategies were shared. Being exposed to peers from a different lingua-culture, having the same demands and a common purpose was a catalyst for the exchange of cultural knowledge. This also created a platform for intercultural sensitivities. Students were able to work as a team, were motivated by their peers and adapted to the challenges. The theme translation of theory into practice enabled students to conceptualise theoretical content in a practical manner, which ultimately enhanced their learning. CONCLUSION. COIL is a useful pedagogy to offer an authentic learning experience for research methods; it satisfies all nine constructs of authentic learning.

Teaching experience - in face-to-face, online, and blended educational contexts - provides student teachers with the opportunity to participate in low, mid, and high-resourced schools, in preparation for their integration into the South African educational system. Often, while at low-resource schools, student teachers report feeling ineffectual, frustrated, despondent, and overwhelmed, leading to criticism of the programme, requests to transfer to high-resource alternatives, and threats to disengage from teaching experience. Drawing on Klein's concept of projective identification, and Bion's idea of container-contained, we understand such communications as expressions of overwhelming anxiety, highlighting an urgent need for intervention. To address this need, group debrief was incorporated into teaching experience, in an attempt to enable anxiety to be tolerated, worked through, and understood, rather than evacuated defensively via projective identification. Pre- and post-debrief questionnaires were employed to track containment facilitated with fifty (50) final (4th) year student teachers. Though some resistance was expected and noted, the outcomes were largely positive, with most students reporting improved emotional states, reduced anxiety, and feelings of empowerment.

The South African grade 10 history curriculum as outlined in the Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS) requires learners to develop historical thinking skills that promote interpretation, analysis, and critical thinking competencies. One way of developing these skills is through revisiting historical events through reenactments to explore untold stories and develop historical empathy. However, reenactments can become sensational, one-sided events that lack the transformative power to offer varied versions of the events such as the Battle at Egazini and its key historical figures. The paper proposes reenactment for learning as an interdisciplinary methodology that draws on art exhibitions, history literature, and applied theatre techniques. The paper shows how these teaching tools actively and creatively engaged the learner-audiences in the reenactment of the 1819 Battle at Egazini between the amaXhosa and the British in Makhanda, formerly Grahamstown. The facilitators moved learner-audiences from four local schools beyond passive reenactment modes of engagement using games, pantsula dancing, facilitator-in-role, enrolling participants, and reflection exercises in one-hour workshops. The activities helped learners explore the relevance of colonial expansion and conquest themes within the Battle at Egazini context. The art-based interpretation framework also helped address misconceptions and cultivated an interest in wanting to know more about Makhanda, the war hero that the town is now named after. The paper argues for a creative and engaging pedagogy that helps learners make sense of broad topics. It contributes to current literature advocating for creative historical interpretation and teaching approaches in and outside the classroom space.

ABSTRACT The study is oriented to the search for continuous improvement in the preparation of students of Pedagogy of National and Foreign Languages. Its objective is to support the curricular modification of the subjects of the admission stage and their integration with those of the first semesters of the career as a strategy to strengthen the students' proficiency in English. As a result, a smooth transition from the leveling stage to the specialized subjects is favored. The strategic integration of language skills, academic content and professional competencies is the basis of this proposal.

RESUMEN El estudio se orienta a la búsqueda de la mejora continua en la preparación de los estudiantes de Pedagogía de los Idiomas Nacionales y Extranjeros. Su objetivo es fundamentar la modificación curricular de las asignaturas de la etapa de admisión y su integración con las de los primeros semestres de la carrera como estrategia para el fortalecimiento de la proficiencia de los estudiantes en inglés. Como resultado se favorece una transición fluida desde la etapa de nivelación hacia las materias especializadas. La integración estratégica de habilidades lingüísticas, contenidos académicos y competencias profesionales es la base de esta propuesta.

ABSTRACT The professional performance of university teachers in pedagogical careers has limitations due to the poor use of active methodologies to achieve better results in the initial training of future teachers. Therefore, this article aims to define this concept and to identify and characterize some of these new methodologies, as a premise to contribute to the continuing education of these professionals. Methods such as analysis-synthesis, content analysis and document review were used. The results of the systematization allowed the identification of active methodologies that are considered beneficial for the preparation of teachers.

RESUMEN El desempeño profesional de los profesores universitarios de las carreras pedagógicas tiene limitaciones por el pobre uso de metodologías activas para lograr mejores resultados en la formación inicial de los futuros docentes. Para ello, este artículo tiene como objetivo definir este concepto e identificar y caracterizar algunas de esas nuevas metodologías, como premisa para contribuir a la formación permanente de estos profesionales. Se utilizaron métodos como el análisis-síntesis, el análisis de contenido y la revisión de documentos. Los resultados de la sistematización permitieron la identificación de metodologías activas que se consideran provechosas para la preparación de los docentes.

ABSTRACT One of the problems that limit a more comprehensive training of future teachers of the Pedagogy faculty are the insufficiencies in the curricular management of this training process. For this reason, this article aims to identify some challenges that teachers and managers must face in order to contribute to such integrality. Methods such as analysis-synthesis, content analysis and document review were used. The results point to a consensus on a set of challenges for the curriculum management process which, if addressed in a timely manner, can make the fulfillment of the University's mission more pertinent to its society.

RESUMEN Uno de los problemas que limitan una formación más integral de los futuros docentes de la facultad de Pedagogía son las insuficiencias en la gestión curricular de dicho proceso formativo. Para ello, este artículo tiene como objetivo identificar algunos retos que deben enfrentar docentes y directivos para coadyuvar a dicha integralidad. Se utilizaron métodos como el análisis-síntesis, el análisis de contenido y la revisión de documentos. Los resultados apuntan a un consenso en un conjunto de desafíos para el proceso de gestión curricular que, atendidos oportunamente, pueden hacer más pertinente el cumplimiento de la misión de la Universidad con su sociedad.

Resumen Propósito. El presente ensayo tiene como propósito plantear la necesidad de una revisión de la pedagogía universitaria impartida en la Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica (UNA). Discusión. Se sostiene que es necesario salir de la zona de confort para enseñar y aprender bien, con sentido, lo que exige contextualización y praxis de las teorías. Por esta razón, se promueve las giras educativas interculturales como una forma didáctica para desarrollar y evaluar contenidos teóricos de los cursos relativos a la distinción, diversidad, la diferencia y la exterioridad como propuesta ética y la política. Giras que deberían estar planteadas de modo transversal en cualquier curso con el fin de promover la buena convivencia, el equilibrio con la naturaleza, la justicia social y el aprecio de distintas cosmogonías. Conclusión. Se concluye el escrito compartiendo algunas opiniones de estudiantes que han llevado a cabo tal experiencia formativa y que comparten la relevancia de estas en los procesos educativos de sensibilización humana y con la naturaleza a realizar como parte del plan de estudios de distintas carreras universitarias.

Resumo Propósito. Este ensaio propõe a necessidade de revisar a pedagogia universitária ensinada na Universidade Nacional da Costa Rica (UNA). Discussão. Argumenta-se que é necessário sair da zona de conforto para ensinar e aprender bem e de forma significativa, o que requer a contextualização e prática de teorias. Portanto, promove-se as excursões educativas interculturais como uma abordagem didática para desenvolver e avaliar os conteúdos teóricos dos cursos relativos à distinção, diversidade, diferença e exterioridade como proposta ética e política. Essas excursões devem ser incluídas de forma transversal em qualquer curso, a fim de promover a boa convivência, o equilíbrio com a natureza, a justiça social e a apreciação de diferentes cosmogonías. Conclusão. O artigo conclui compartilhando algumas opiniões de estudantes que participaram dessas experiências formativas e que destacam a relevância delas nos processos educacionais de conscientização humana e da natureza a serem incorporadas como parte do currículo de diferentes cursos universitários.

Abstract Aim. To underscore the necessity of revising university pedagogy at the National University of Costa Rica (UNA). Discussion. Effective teaching and learning require stepping out of our comfort zones. This involves contextualization and practical application of theories. Therefore, intercultural educational tours are promoted as a didactic approach to develop and evaluate theoretical content of courses related to concepts of distinction, diversity, difference, and exteriority as an ethical proposal and policy. These field trips should be integrated across various courses to promote positive interactions, balance with nature, social justice, and the appreciation of various cosmogonies. Conclusion. The essay concludes by presenting the perspectives of students who have undergone these formative experiences. These students emphasize the significance of such experiences in enhancing educational processes that foster human awareness and connection with nature, integrating them as essential components within various university curricula.