RESUMO: O uso de métodos não destrutivos e de baixo custo para determinação de área foliar tem ganhado importantes aplicações. Os objetivos da pesquisa foram (i) propor um método não destrutivo para estimar a área foliar da cultura da mamona e (ii) construir equações que estimem com precisão e rapidez a área foliar da espécie. Foram coletadas mil folhas sadias e expandidas de cinco cultivares de mamona (New Zealand Purple, Sipeal, Carmencita, Amarelo de Irecê e IAC-80), sendo coletadas 200 folhas de cada uma. O comprimento máximo, largura máxima e área foliar foram calculados para cada folha. Foi calculado o produto entre comprimento e largura (LW). Foram realizados testes com diferentes modelos de regressão linear e não linear entre área foliar e dimensões lineares das folhas de cada cultivar. Os modelos utilizados foram linear, linear sem intercepto e potência. Os critérios para escolha dos melhores modelos para estimar a área foliar da mamona foram maior coeficiente de determinação, maior coeficiente de correlação linear de Pearson, menor critério de informação de Akaike, maior índice de concordância de Willmott e menor raiz do erro quadrático médio. As equações que apresentaram melhores critérios para estimativa da área foliar das cultivares de mamona foram aquelas que utilizaram o produto entre comprimento e largura, em comparação às equações que utilizaram apenas uma dimensão foliar. O modelo ŷ = 0,439 × LW pode ser utilizado para estimar com precisão e rapidez a área foliar da mamona por meio de medidas lineares das folhas, utilizando o produto entre comprimento e largura (LW), independente da cultivar escolhida. RESUMO aplicações i (i ii (ii espécie New Purple Sipeal Carmencita IAC80, IAC80 IAC 80 , IAC-80) 20 máximo folha LW. . (LW) potência Pearson Akaike médio 0439 0 439 0,43 LW, escolhida IAC8 8 IAC-80 2 (LW 043 43 0,4 IAC-8 04 4 0, IAC-

ABSTRACT: Using non-destructive and low-cost methods to determine leaf area has gained important applications. The research objectives were (i) to propose a non-destructive method to estimate the leaf area of castor bean crops and (ii) to build equations that accurately and quickly estimate the leaf area of specie. One thousand healthy and expanded leaves of five castor bean cultivars (New Zealand Purple, Sipeal, Carmencita, Amarelo de Irecê, and IAC-80) were collected, and 200 leaves were collected from each. The maximum length, maximum width, and leaf area were calculated for each leaf. The product between length and width (LW) were calculated. We performed tests with different linear and non-linear regression models between leaf area and linear leaf dimensions of each cultivar. The models used were linear, linear without intercept, and power. The criteria for choosing the best models to estimate the leaf area of castor beans were a higher coefficient of determination, more elevated Pearson’s linear correlation coefficient, lower Akaike information criterion, higher Willmott agreement index, and smallest root mean square error. The equations that presented the best criteria for estimating the leaf area of castor bean cultivars were those that used the product between length and width, compared to equations that used only one leaf dimension. The model ŷ = 0.439 × LW can be used to accurately and quickly estimate the castor bean leaf area through linear measurements of the leaves, using the product between length and width (LW), regardless of the cultivar chosen. ABSTRACT nondestructive non destructive lowcost low cost applications i (i ii (ii specie New Purple Sipeal Carmencita Irecê IAC80 IAC 80 IAC-80 20 (LW nonlinear intercept power determination Pearsons Pearson s criterion index error dimension 0439 0 439 0.43 LW, , chosen IAC8 8 IAC-8 2 043 43 0.4 IAC- 04 4 0.

SUMMARY: There exists a scarcity of neurocognitive research that has successfully used electrophysiology as an objective tool to assess different learning modalitiesthat are commonly used in anatomy. The objective of this study was to explore the trend in the expression of brain waves in medical students when using different didactic strategies in learning anatomy. An exploratory, observational, cross-sectional study was conducted on 22 first- semester medical students in anatomy. Using didactic strategies with different pedagogical tools such as biological models (human skulls and pig hearts) and/or digital application (Visible Body software), and different evaluation methods, students were grouped into three groups: "EOR1" students who learned using a skull and were evaluated with it; "EOV1" students who learned using a pig heart and were evaluated with the Visible Body software; and "EOV2" for students who learned through the Visible Body software and were evaluated with it. During the evaluation, each student was monitored in real-time using an electroencephalogram and the Emotiv EPOC brain-computer interface system to record the electro-physiological activity of beta (B), theta (T), and gamma (G) waves. The data obtained (the trend of the electrical activity of each wave and its relationship with students' performance in each didactic strategy) were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Groups EOR1 and EOV1 had satisfactory results in their evaluations and showed a predominance of B waves (x=67.33) and T waves (x=57.67). Additionally, a strongly positive correlation (r=0.82) was found between the presence of B waves and the duration of T waves. Students who used three-dimensional biological models as a pedagogical tool showed a predominance of B and T waves, which are associated with sensorimotor and exploratory learning necessary for studying anatomy.

RESUMEN: Son escasos los estudios de neurociencia cognitiva que permitan comprender, de manera objetiva, las manifestaciones electrofisiológicas de los estudiantes de medicina expuestos a diferentes herramientas pedagógicas utilizadas en el área de anatomía. El objetivo de este trabajo fue explorar la tendencia en la expresión de las ondas cerebrales de estudiantes de medicina, al utilizar diferentes estrategias didácticas en el aprendizaje de la anatomía. Se realizó un estudio exploratorio, observacional, de corte transversal en 22 estudiantes de medicina de primer semestre en anatomía. Utilizando estrategias didácticas con diferentes herramientas pedagógicas; como modelos biológicos (cráneos humanos y corazones porcinos) y/o aplicación digital (software Visible Body (SVB)), y diferente método de evaluación, se agruparon los estudiantes en tres grupos: “EOR1” estudiantes que aprendieron usando un cráneo y se evaluaron con este, “EOV1” estudiantes que aprendieron usando un corazón porcino y fueron evaluados con el SVB, y “EOV2” para los estudiantes que aprendieron a través del SVB y fueron evaluados con este. Durante la evaluación, cada estudiante fue monitorizado en tiempo real, utilizando un electroencefalograma y el sistema interfaz cerebro - computadora Emotiv EPOC para registrar la actividad electrofisiológica de las ondas beta (B), theta (T) y gamma (G). Los datos obtenidos (tendencia de la actividad eléctrica de cada onda y su relación con el desempeño de los estudiantes en cada estrategia didáctica) fueron analizados usando el índice de correlación de Pearson. Los grupos EOR1 y EOV1, tuvieron resultados satisfactorios en sus evaluaciones y presentaron predominio de ondas B (X=67,33) y T (X=57,67), además, se evidenció una correlación fuertemente positiva (r=0,82) entre la presencia de B y el tiempo de permanencia de T. Los estudiantes que utilizaron modelos biológicos tridimensionales como herramienta pedagógica presentaron predominio de las ondas B y T, asociadas con aprendizajes sensoriomotores y de tipo exploratorio necesarios para el estudio en anatomía.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the growth trajectory of head circumference and neurodevelopment, and to correlate head circumference with cognitive, language, and motor outcomes during the first two years. Method Prospective cohort study in a tertiary hospital including 95 newborns under 32 weeks or 1500 g. Neonates who developed major neonatal morbidities were excluded. The head circumference was measured at birth, at discharge, and at term-equivalent age, 1, 3, 5, 12, 18, and 24 months of corrected age, and the Bayley Scales (Bayley-III) were applied at 12, 18 and 24 months of corrected age to assess cognitive, language and, motor domains. Scores below 85 were classified as mild/moderate deficits and scores below 70 as severe deficits. The association between head circumference Z score and Bayley scores was assessed using Pearson's correlation. The study considered a significance level of 0.05. Results There was a decrease of -0.18 in the head circumference Z score between birth and discharge and the catch-up occurred between discharge and 1 month (an increase of 0.81 in the Z score). There was a positive correlation between head circumference and Bayley scores at 18 months. There was also a positive correlation between head circumference at discharge and at 5 months with the three domains of the Bayley. Conclusion Serial measurements of head circumference provide knowledge of the trajectory of growth, with early catch-up between discharge and 1 month, as well as its association with neurodevelopment. Head circumference is therefore a valuable clinical marker for neurodevelopment, especially in very preterm newborns. neurodevelopment cognitive years 9 3 150 g excluded termequivalent term equivalent 12 2 BayleyIII III (Bayley-III 8 mildmoderate mild moderate 7 Pearsons Pearson s 005 0 05 0.05 0.18 018 -0.1 catchup catch up an 081 81 0.8 score. . score) 15 00 0.0 0.1 01 -0. 08 0. -0 -

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Vascular endothelial growth factor is a signaling protein created by cells performing important bodily functions. Vascular endothelial growth factor is abundant in the lung, and plasma levels are elevated in patients with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension. An association between soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor, an inflammatory biomarker, and soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor levels and interstitial pulmonary and vascular involvement (e.g., development of pulmonary hypertension) has been shown in SSc patients. The tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion/systolic pulmonary artery pressure ratio, which has been recommended as a useful diagnostic tool in the last guideline, is one of the additional echocardiographic signs suggestive of pulmonary hypertension. We aimed to examine whether these biomarkers contribute to the diagnosis and management of pulmonary hypertension. METHODS: Patients with group E chronic obstructive lung disease were included in this prospective study. Demographic data, echocardiographic signs about the right ventricle (right atrium area, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion/systolic pulmonary artery pressure, fractional area change, and right ventricular outflow tract), and peripheral blood analysis were examined and recorded. RESULTS: A total of 70 patients, 12 of whom were female, were analyzed in the study. The mean age was 66.6±8.7 years. The mean vascular endothelial growth factor-A and soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor were 91.05±70.7 and 955.8±571.1, and their Pearson correlation coefficients between vascular endothelial growth factor-A and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion/systolic pulmonary artery pressure, and soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion/systolic pulmonary artery pressure ratio were 0.341 (p=0.004) and −0.045 (p=0.70), respectively. The linear regression model included four variables with significant correlation (vascular endothelial growth factor-A, right atrium area, fractional area change, and right ventricular outflow tract). Three steps were performed, and adjusted r2 was 0.22, 0.22, 0.20, and p<0.001 for each step. Vascular endothelial growth factor-A and right ventricular outflow tract remained in the last step. It was detected a standardized coefficient beta of 0.322 (p=0.004) and a 95%CI 0.000–0.001 for vascular endothelial growth factor-A. CONCLUSION: Vascular endothelial growth factor-A is correlated with the tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion/systolic pulmonary artery pressure ratio and not with soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor. OBJECTIVE functions hypertension biomarker e.g., eg e g (e.g. excursionsystolic excursion guideline METHODS study data change tract, , tract) recorded RESULTS 7 1 female 66687 66 6 8 66.6±8. years factorA 9105707 91 05 91.05±70. 95585711 955 571 955.8±571.1 0341 0 341 0.34 p=0.004 p0004 p 004 (p=0.004 0045 045 −0.04 p=0.70, p070 p=0.70 (p=0.70) respectively factorA, A, tract. . performed r 022 22 0.22 020 20 0.20 p0001 001 p<0.00 step 0322 322 0.32 95CI CI 95 00000001 000 0.000–0.00 factorA. A. CONCLUSION e.g. (e.g 6668 66.6±8 910570 9 91.05±70 9558571 57 955.8±571. 034 34 0.3 p=0.00 p000 00 (p=0.00 04 −0.0 p07 p=0.7 (p=0.70 02 2 0.2 p<0.0 032 32 0000000 0.000–0.0 e.g 666 66.6± 91057 91.05±7 955857 5 955.8±571 03 3 0. p=0.0 p00 (p=0.0 −0. p0 p=0. (p=0.7 p<0. 000000 0.000–0. 66.6 9105 91.05± 95585 955.8±57 (p=0. −0 p=0 p<0 00000 0.000–0 66. 910 91.05 9558 955.8±5 (p=0 − p= p< 0000 0.000– 91.0 955.8± (p= 0.000 91. 955.8 (p 0.00 955. 0.0

Abstract Introduction. Postpartum anxiety after childbirth is a common condition among pregnant women due to reasons such as the uncertainty of experiencing pregnancy and childbirth for the first time, or previous negative experiences. Fear of childbirth can affect the mother’s baby care process. Objective. This study was conducted analytically with a single-subject design to determine the effects of maternal concerns about childbirth and the postpartum period on obsessive and compulsive behaviors related to baby care. Materials and methods. The study was conducted with 260 mothers. Data were collected using a descriptive information form, and the scales ‘Fear of Childbirth and Postpartum Period’, and ‘Obsessive and Compulsive Behaviors of Mothers in the Postpartum Period Related to Baby Care’. The data were analyzed using the SPSS™ software to calculate percentages, mean values, t tests, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation, and simple linear regression analysis. Results. A statistically significant and positive correlation was found between participant scores of the ‘Fear of Childbirth and Postpartum Period’ and the ‘Obsessive and Compulsive Behaviors of Mothers in the Postpartum Period Related to Baby Care’ scales (p < 0.01). The regression model showed that 18.0% of the total variance in the obsessive and compulsive behaviors of mothers in the postpartum was explained by the fear of childbirth and the postpartum period (corrected R2 = 0.180). Conclusions. Fear of childbirth and the postpartum period were moderate. However, as the fear of women regarding childbirth and the postpartum period increased, their postpartum obsessive and compulsive behaviors about baby care also increased.

Resumen Introducción. La ansiedad del parto y el posparto es una condición común entre las mujeres embarazadas por la incertidumbre de vivir el embarazo y el parto por primera vez o por previas experiencias negativas. El miedo al parto puede afectar el proceso del cuidado del bebé de la madre. Objetivo. Determinar el efecto de las preocupaciones maternas sobre el parto y el puerperio y su efecto sobre las conductas obsesivas y compulsivas relacionadas con el cuidado del bebé. Materiales y métodos. El estudio se realizó con 260 madres. Los datos fueron recolectados en el formulario de información descriptiva y se usaron la “Escala de miedo al parto y al período posparto” y la de “Comportamientos obsesivos y compulsivos de las madres en el período posparto relacionados con el cuidado del bebé”. Los datos fueron evaluados mediante el software SPSS™ mediante el cálculo de porcentajes, promedio, prueba t, ANOVA, correlación de Pearson y análisis de regresión múltiple. Resultados. Se encontró una correlación positiva y estadísticamente significativa entre la “Escala de miedo al parto y del período posparto” y la de “Comportamientos obsesivos y compulsivos de las madres en el período posparto relacionadas con el cuidado del bebé” (p < 0.01). En el modelo creado por análisis de regresión se observó que el 18,0% del cambio en la escala de comportamientos obsesivos-compulsivos estaba explicado por el miedo al parto y al puerperio (R2corregido = 0,180). Conclusiones. En el estudio se determinó que el miedo al parto y al puerperio era moderado. Sin embargo, a medida que aumentaba el puntaje de miedo al parto y al período posparto, también aumentaban los comportamientos obsesivos y compulsivos de las madres en el puerperio relacionados con el cuidado del bebé.

Resumen A nivel mundial, la permanencia estudiantil es un factor importante para generar estrategias que contribuyan a disminuir la tasa de deserción y garantizar la culminación exitosa de los procesos académicos de los estudiantes. El trabajo investigativo tiene como objetivo analizar las condiciones socioeconómicas y la permanencia de los estudiantes en la carrera de Odontología de la Universidad San Gregorio de Portoviejo. La investigación se direccionó con enfoque positivista y utilizó el método cuantitativo correlacional, se consideró una muestra de 292 estudiantes, a quiénes se les aplicó una encuesta virtual y se utilizó el formulario de Google Forms y un cuestionario con escala de Likert. Para el análisis de los datos, se utilizó la versión 25.0 del software estadístico informático IBM SPSS v25 (Statistical Package for Social Sciences/Paquete Estadístico para las Ciencias Sociales). De acuerdo con el procedimiento estadístico descriptivo e inferencial, se determinó que los resultados muestran una correlación de Pearson de .495 entre las variables condición socioeconómica y permanencia. La correlación de Pearson es un coeficiente que mide la fuerza y dirección de la relación entre dos variables. El valor p asociado a esta correlación es de .000, lo que indica que la correlación es estadísticamente significativa. Esto significa que existe una relación positiva moderada entre las variables condición socioeconómica y permanencia.

Abstract Worldwide, student permanence is an important factor in generating strategies that contribute to reducing the dropout rate and guaranteeing the successful completion of students' academic processes. The objective of the investigative work is to analyze the socioeconomic conditions and the permanence of students in the Dentistry career at the San Gregorio de Portoviejo University. The research was directed with a positivist approach and used the quantitative correlational method, a sample of 292 students was considered, to whom a virtual survey was applied and the Google Forms form and a questionnaire with a Likert scale were used. For data analysis, version 25.0 of the computer statistical software IBM SPSS v25 (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) was used. According to the descriptive and inferential statistical procedure, it was determined that the results show a Pearson correlation of .495 between the variables socioeconomic condition and permanence. The Pearson correlation is a coefficient that measures the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables. The p value associated with this correlation is .000, indicating that the correlation is statistically significant. This means that there is a moderate positive relationship between the variables socioeconomic condition and permanence.

The relation between learners' metacognitive skills and conceptual understanding is often portrayed as an input-output relation when dealing with science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) and non-STEM disciplines. However, studies indicate that not all pedagogies yield positive correlations between learners' metacognitive skills and conceptual understanding, particularly in the science (S) strand of STEM. On the other hand, it has been revealed that self-organised learning environments (SOLEs) pedagogy incorporates the characteristics of some of the learning models that were found to induce positive correlations between learners' metacognitive skills and conceptual understanding in other non-STEM disciplines. Due to the lack of established research, particularly around the "S" in STEM, in the study reported on here we investigated the correlation between metacognitive skills and conceptual understanding under SOLEs pedagogy. We employed a quasi-experimental design which included 2 experimental and 2 control groups. Data were collected from 155 participants using the sciences (strand of STEM) performance test and metacognition self-assessment scale (MSAS) questionnaire. Data were statistically analysed using Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient (r), means (x), and t-test. The results indicate a positive correlation between learners' metacognitive skills and conceptual understanding of sciences when SOLEs pedagogy was employed.

Resumen: Se investigó la factibilidad de utilizar el ensayo de flexión de vigas Semicirculares (SCB, del inglés Semi Circular Bending Test) para monitorear y controlar la calidad del hormigón para su aplicación en pavimentos. Se fabricaron dos mezclas de hormigón con resistencias a la compresión especificadas de 30 MPa y 40 MPa incorporando cemento de alta resistencia. Los resultados del ensayo SCB se correlacionaron con la resistencia a la flexión de vigas estandarizadas y la resistencia a la compresión de cilindros. Se realizó un análisis estadístico de bondad de ajuste de todos los modelos empíricos obtenidos para estudiar el grado de asociación entre las variables. El modelo de correlación potencial resultó ser el más apropiado para relacionar las propiedades mecánicas estudiadas, con coeficientes de correlación de Pearson superiores a 0,93. Estas ecuaciones pueden ser utilizadas para alimentar la base de datos de los niveles 1 y 2 del método de diseño Mecanicista-Empirico (ME) para pavimentos de concreto. También se hallaron modelos con valores únicos que permiten cálculos rápidos con buena precisión. Los resultados muestran que el ensayo SCB es una opción promisoria a la hora de estimar la resistencia a flexión del hormigón para uso en pavimento, así como para realizar su control y aseguramiento de calidad.

Abstract: The feasibility of using the Semicircular Bending (SCB) test to control the quality of concrete for application in pavements was investigated. Two concrete mixtures incorporating high-strength cement with specified compressive strengths of 30 MPa and 40 MPa were manufactured. The results of the SCB test were correlated with those of the flexural strength of standardized beams and the compressive strength of cylinders. A statistical analysis of the goodness of fit of all the empirical models obtained was conducted to study the degree of association between the variables. Power models were the most appropriate to relate the mechanical properties studied, with Pearson's correlation coefficients higher than 0.93. These equations can feed the database of levels 1 and 2 of the Mechanistic-Empirical (ME) design method for concrete pavements. Models with unique values that allow quick calculations with good precision were also found. The results show that the SCB test is a promising option when estimating the flexural strength of concrete for use in pavement, as well as carrying out its control and quality assurance.

Abstract In some areas of Oaxaca, Mexico, it is necessary to implement plantations that use seeds of genetic quality, to increase productivity and phenotypic quality. The objective was to select outstanding phenotypes of Pinus chiapensis (Martínez) Andresen and P. douglasiana Martínez, evaluating quantitative and qualitative characteristics. In 2021, 15 superior phenotypes per species were selected to evaluate inventory variables (height, diameter), density (trees ha-1), age and chip increments, recording climate and site data. Crown area (m2), basal area (m2) and total volume with bark (VTcc, m3) were determined for each tree; site index (SI) was determined based on anamorphic curves, density guides and average VTcc. Data were analyzed with Student's t tests, Pearson's correlation (( = 0.05), cluster analysis, and principal component analysis. The species showed significant differences (p ≤ 0.01) in dasometric characteristics. Using the average volume as a selection criterion, six P. chiapensis trees presented volumes above average (≥ 9.76 m3) and seven P. douglasiana trees presented volume above average (> 4.14 m3) and clear stem height (18.7 m), in places with high precipitation; while comparing morphological, of site and climatic characteristics, 10 individuals of P. chiapensis and six of P. douglasiana with excellent quality IS were selected. The selected trees have outstanding characteristics of wood quality and volume, so it is convenient to use them to collect seeds in the study area.

Resumen En algunas zonas de Oaxaca, México se requiere implementar plantaciones que usen semillas de calidad genética, para aumentar productividad y calidad fenotípica. El objetivo fue seleccionar fenotipos sobresalientes de Pinus chiapensis (Martínez) Andresen y P. douglasiana Martínez, a través de sus características cuantitativas y cualitativas. En 2021 se seleccionaron 15 fenotipos superiores por especie, para evaluar variables dasométricas (altura, diámetro), densidad (árboles ha-1), edad e incrementos en virutas, registro de datos climáticos y de sitio. En cada árbol se determinó área de copa (m2), área basal (m2) y volumen total con corteza (VTcc, m3); se determinó índice de sitio (IS) con base a curvas anamórficas, guías de densidad y promedio de VTcc. Los datos se analizaron con pruebas t-Student, correlación de Pearson (( = 0.05), análisis clúster y análisis de componentes principales. Las especies mostraron diferencias significativas (p ≤ 0.01) en características dasométricas. Al utilizar el volumen promedio como criterio de selección seis árboles de P. chiapensis presentaron volúmenes superiores al promedio (≥ 9.76 m3) y siete árboles de P. douglasiana obtuvieron mayor volumen al promedio (> 4.14 m3) y altura de fuste limpio (18.7 m), en sitios con alta precipitación; mientras que, comparando características morfológicas, de sitio y climáticas, se seleccionaron 10 individuos de P. chiapensis y seis de P. douglasiana con IS de excelente calidad. Los árboles seleccionados tienen características sobresalientes de calidad de madera y volumen, por lo que conviene usarlos para colectar semilla en la zona de estudio.

Abstract Nonverbal communication as a social skill influences student motivation; therefore, during the pedagogical process, teaching staff must possess interpersonal skill to emit assertive behavior; in order to have a measurement scale on non-verbal behavioral styles. They items were organized into three dimensions: assertive, aggressive and passive. The objective was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Non-Verbal Immediacy Scale (NVIE) in teachers. Their study approach was quantitative, with a non-experimental factorial design. The sample of 150 subjects was obtained through non-probabilistic sampling of a population of 373.The programs used were SPSS.23 and Lisrel. The results showed a pearsoʹn correlation coefficient greater than .30 between the items of its dimensions, presenting a homogeneous measurement between them. The Cronbachʹs Alpha indices of the scales range from .60 to .82, which shows good internal consistency. The exploratory analysis (EFA) gave an approximation to the model with a solution for three factors representing 67.54% of its variance. Through confirmatory analysis (CFA), the similarities of the sample covariation matrices with the matrix of the alternative model on the same data were determined, obtaining satisfactory adjustments for the parameters (X2-RMSEA-RMR- GFI-AGFI), corroborating the proposed hypothesis. It is concluded that with the graphic representation of the alternative-recursive-NVIE model, the cause-effect relationship of the three dimensions is visualized, with their indicators, establishing in a valid and reliable manner its use as a measurement scale in studies of behavioral styles non verbal.

Resumen La comunicación no verbal como habilidad social influye en la motivación estudiantil; por lo tanto, durante el proceso pedagógico, el personal docente debe poseer habilidades interpersonales para emitir comportamientos asertivos, con la finalidad de contar con una escala de medida sobre estilos de comportamiento no verbal. Se organizó los ítems en tres dimensiones: asertivo, agresivo y pasivo. El objetivo fue analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Inmediatez no Verbal (NVIE) en docentes. Su estudio de enfoque fue cuantitativo, con diseño factorial no-experimental. Se obtuvo la muestra de 150 sujetos, mediante muestreo no probabilístico de una población de 373. Los programas utilizados fueron SPSS.23 y Lisrel. Los resultados arrojaron coeficiente de correlación de Pearson mayores a .30 entre los ítems de sus dimensiones, presentaron medida homogénea entre ellas. Los índices de Alfa de Cronbach de las escalas oscilan desde .60 a .82, lo que evidencia una buena consistencia interna. El análisis exploratorio (AFE) dio una aproximación al modelo con solución para tres factores lo que representa el 67.54% de su varianza. Mediante análisis confirmatorio (AFC) se determinó las semejanzas de las matrices de covariación muestral con la matriz del modelo alternativo sobre los mismos datos, se obtuvieron ajustes satisfactorios para los parámetros (X2-RMSEA-RMR-GFI-AGFI), se corroboró la hipótesis planteada. Se concluye que con la representación gráfica del modelo alternativo-recursivo-NVIE se visualiza la relación causa-efecto de las tres dimensiones, con sus indicadores, al quedar establecido de manera válida y confiable su uso como escala de medida en estudios de estilos de comportamiento no-verbal.

ABSTRACT: Wood is an organic material and its energetic and physical properties are related to its chemical and anatomical constituents. This study evaluated the influence of the chemical constituents on the energetic and physical properties of Parapiptadeniarigida(Benth.) Brenan, Peltophorumdubium(Spreng.) Taub.,Eucalyptus grandisW. Hill × Eucalyptus urophyllaS.T. Blake (hybrid), and Schizolobiumparahyba(Vell.) Blake an agroforestry system. Five trees of each species aged 9 years were sampled. Samples were collected at a diameter at breast height (DBH) of 1.30 m above the ground and were used to analyze the chemical, energetic, and physical properties of the wood. Chemical properties influence the energetic and physical properties of wood. We reported that the higher the lignin content in the wood, the greater the correlation with the fixed carbon content (0.76) and gross calorific value (0.65). High values of fixed carbon content increased the basic density of the wood (0.80). In contrast, the lower the lignin content in the wood, the greater the correlation with the extractive content (-0.76) and volatile material content (-0.74), and the higher the volatile material content, the lower the fixed carbon content (-0.98) and gross calorific value (-0.74). ABSTRACT ParapiptadeniarigidaBenth. ParapiptadeniarigidaBenth Parapiptadeniarigida Benth. Benth Parapiptadeniarigida(Benth. Brenan PeltophorumdubiumSpreng. PeltophorumdubiumSpreng Peltophorumdubium Spreng. Spreng Peltophorumdubium(Spreng. TaubEucalyptus Taub grandisW urophyllaST urophyllaS T urophyllaS.T hybrid, hybrid , (hybrid) SchizolobiumparahybaVell. SchizolobiumparahybaVell Schizolobiumparahyba Vell. Vell Schizolobiumparahyba(Vell. system sampled DBH (DBH 130 1 30 1.3 0.76 076 0 76 (0.76 0.65. 065 0.65 . 65 (0.65) 0.80. 080 0.80 80 (0.80) contrast (-0.76 0.74, 074 0.74 74 (-0.74) 0.98 098 98 (-0.98 0.74. Parapiptadeniarigida(Benth Peltophorumdubium(Spreng (hybrid Schizolobiumparahyba(Vell 13 3 1. 0.7 07 7 (0.7 06 0.6 6 (0.65 08 0.8 8 (0.80 (-0.7 (-0.74 0.9 09 (-0.9 0. (0. (0.6 (0.8 (-0. (0 (-0 ( (-

RESUMO: A madeira é um material orgânico e as suas propriedades energéticas e físicas estão relacionadas com os seus constituintes químicos e anatômicos. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a influência dos constituintes químicos nas propriedades energéticas e física da madeira de Parapiptadenia rigida (Benth.) Brenan, Peltophorum dubium (Spreng.) Taub., Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill × Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake (híbrido) e Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) Blake, provenientes de um sistema agroflorestal. Foram amostradas cinco árvores de cada espécie, com a idade de nove anos. Sendo coletadas amostras do diâmetro a altura do peito (DAP) à 1,30 m do solo, que foram utilizadas para análise das propriedades químicas, energéticas e física da madeira. As propriedades químicas influenciam nas propriedades energéticas e física da madeira. Quanto maior o teor de lignina na madeira maior será a correlação com o teor de carbono fixo (0,76) e de poder calorífico superior (0,65), assim como, elevados valores de teor de carbono fixo aumentam a massa específica básica da madeira (0,80). Em contrapartida, quanto menor o teor de lignina na madeira maior será a correlação com o teor de extrativos (-0,76) e teor de materiais voláteis (-0,74), sendo que, maiores valores de teor de materiais voláteis reduzem o teor de carbono fixo (-0,98) e o poder calorífico superior (-0,74) da madeira. RESUMO anatômicos Benth. Benth (Benth. Brenan Spreng. Spreng (Spreng. Taub Taub. W ST S T S.T híbrido (híbrido Vell. Vell (Vell. agroflorestal espécie anos DAP (DAP 130 1 30 1,3 solo 0,76 076 0 76 (0,76 0,65, 065 0,65 , 65 (0,65) 0,80. 080 0,80 . 80 (0,80) contrapartida (-0,76 0,74, 074 0,74 74 0,98 098 98 (-0,98 (-0,74 (Benth (Spreng (Vell 13 3 1, 0,7 07 7 (0,7 06 0,6 6 (0,65 08 0,8 8 (0,80 (-0,7 0,9 09 9 (-0,9 0, (0, (0,6 (0,8 (-0, (0 (-0 ( (-

Abstract: The present study seeks to verify that the bidders of the construction bidding processes tend to reduce their bid budgets with the intention of obtaining a better qualification, increasing their probability of being awarded. It is considered that a decrease in the capital would lead to a reduction in the quality of the materials used in the construction stage, having a negative impact on the final quality. A data survey was carried out on all the bidding processes for works that were published on the SERCOP portal. This sample was classified into quartiles according to the amount awarded, with quartile 1 encompassing the processes awarded to the lowest bid and quartile 4 encompassing the processes awarded to the highest bid, to correlate the quality of the works two surveys were applied, one addressed to inspectors and another to the users of each work, hence, according to the quartile that each process belongs to, it was observed that there is a tendency to award the processes with the lowest offer as long as it complies with the guidelines of the best cost. With the Pearson correlation coefficient, it was identified that there is a very low positive correlation and in zone 3 of the country it is observed that the impact of awarding the bidding processes for works to the bidders with the lowest budget has very slight relevance in the final quality of the structure.

Resumen: En el presente estudio se busca verificar que los oferentes de los procesos de licitación de obra tienden a disminuir sus presupuestos de las ofertas con la intención de obtener una mejor calificación, incrementando su probabilidad de hacerse adjudicatario de la misma, se considera que una disminución en el capital conduciría a una reducción en la calidad de los materiales empleados en la etapa de construcción, teniendo un impacto negativo en la calidad final. Se hizo un levantamiento de datos de todos los procesos de licitación de obra que fueron publicados en el portal SERCOP, esta muestra fue clasificada en cuartiles según el monto adjudicado, siendo el cuartil 1 el que engloba a los procesos adjudicados a la oferta más baja y el cuartil 4 abarca a los procesos adjudicados a la oferta más alta, para correlacionar la calidad de las obras se aplicó dos encuestas, una dirigida a los fiscalizadores y otra para los usuarios de cada obra, acorde al cuartil que pertenece cada proceso se observó que existe una tendencia a adjudicar los procesos con la oferta más baja siempre que cumpla con los lineamientos del mejor costo, con el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson se identificó que existe una correlación positiva muy baja ,en la Zona 3 de la país se observa que el impacto de adjudicar los procesos de licitación de obra a los ofertantes con el presupuesto más bajo tiene relevancia muy leve en la calidad final de la estructura.

Abstract Objective: To build a model based on cardiometabolic indicators that allow the identification of overweight adolescents at higher risk of subclinical atherosclerotic disease (SAD). Methods: Cross-sectional study involving 161 adolescents with a body mass index ≥ + 1 z-Score, aged 10 to 19 years. Carotid intima-media complex thickness (IMT) was evaluated using ultrasound to assess subclinical atherosclerotic disease. Cardiometabolic indicators evaluated included nutritional status, central adiposity, blood pressure, lipidic profile, glycemic profile, as well as age and sex. Data was presented using measures of central tendency and dispersion, as well as absolute and relative frequency. The relationship between IMT measurement (outcome variable) and other variables (independent variables) was assessed using Pearson or Spearman correlation, followed by multiple regression modeling with Gamma distribution to analyze predictors of IMT. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS and R software, considering a significance level of 5 %. Results: It was observed that 23.7 % had Carotid thickening, and the prevalence of abnormal fasting glucose was the lowest. Age and fasting glucose were identified as predictors of IMT increase, with IMT decreasing with age by approximately 1 % per year and increasing with glucose by around 0.24 % per mg/dL. Conclusion: The adolescent at higher risk is younger with higher fasting glycemia levels. Objective SAD. SAD . (SAD) Methods Crosssectional Cross sectional 16 zScore, zScore z Score, Score z-Score years intimamedia intima media (IMT status adiposity pressure profile sex dispersion frequency outcome variable independent correlation software Results 237 23 7 23. thickening lowest increase 024 0 24 0.2 mgdL mg dL mg/dL Conclusion levels (SAD 2 02 0.

Resumen Las poblaciones de Pinus montezumae del centro de México son esenciales por su contribución en servicios ambientales a más de 25 millones de personas de esta zona. Estos bosques han sido amenazados por el cambio de uso de suelo y la fragmentación, lo que reduce su regeneración. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la germinación de semillas y algunas características morfológicas de plántulas de P. montezumae de ocho poblaciones del centro de México, así como analizar la influencia de la densidad de rodales y variables climáticas y edáficas sobre la calidad de semillas. Se utilizaron semillas de 10 árboles por población. Se evaluaron varios parámetros germinativos y características morfológicas de plántulas a los 40 días después de emergencia. Se utilizó un modelo lineal mixto generalizado para evaluar la significancia del factor población en cada característica y se realizaron análisis de correlación de Pearson con variables edáficas, ambientales y de densidad. Hubo diferencias estadísticas (P ≤ 0.05) en las variables evaluadas. La germinación media fue 84 %, con variación de 80.7 a 87 % entre poblaciones. Las plántulas presentaron, en promedio, 6.5 cotiledones (3-10, pero 6-7 más común) con una longitud de 29 mm y un hipocótilo de 16.4 mm. La germinación estuvo relacionada con la precipitación (r = 0.75), y el número y la longitud de cotiledones con la temperatura de los sitios de origen de las poblaciones (r = 0.84, r = 0.87, respectivamente). La materia orgánica mostró correlación negativa con la longitud de cotiledones (r = -0.94). El contenido de fósforo del suelo de origen correlacionó positivamente con la germinación (r = 0.94) y con el número de cotiledones (r = 0.77), mientras que el nitrato lo hizo con la longitud del hipocótilo (r = 0.80). La densidad de árboles no presentó correlación con las variables evaluadas, por lo que el bajo número de árboles no es limitante para la repoblación.

Summary Populations of Pinus montezumae in central Mexico are essential for their contribution in environmental services to more than 25 million people in this area. These forests have been threatened by changes in land use and fragmentation, reducing their regeneration. The objective of this study was to determine seed germination and some morphological characteristics of P. montezumae seedlings of eight populations of central Mexico, as well as analyzing the influence of stand density and climatic and soil variables on seed quality. Seeds from 10 trees per population were used. Several germination parameters and morphological characteristics of seedlings were evaluated at 40 days after emergence. A generalized mixed linear model was used to evaluate the significance of the population factor for each trait and Pearson correlation analyses were performed with soil, environmental and density variables. There were statistical differences (P ≤ 0.05) in the variables evaluated. The average germination was 84 %, with variation from 80.7 to 87 % between populations. Seedlings showed, on average, 6.5 cotyledons (310, but 6-7 more common) with a length of 29 mm and a hypocotyl of 16.4 mm. Germination was related to precipitation (r = 0.75) and the number and length of cotyledons to the temperature of the populations site of origin (r = 0.84, r = 0.87, respectively). Organic matter showed negative correlation with cotyledon length (r = -0.94). Phosphorus content in the soil of origin positively correlated with germination (r = 0.94) and the number of cotyledons (r = 0.77), while nitrate correlated with hypocotyl length (r = 0.80). The density of trees did not correlate with the variables evaluated, so the low number of trees is not limiting for repopulation.

RESUMEN Introducción: la incidencia y prevalencia de la catarata como complicación asociada a uveítis, ha sido un tema poco abordado en Cuba y en especial en la provincia Santiago de Cuba. Objetivo: caracterizar a pacientes operados de catarata posuveítis de acuerdo con variables clínicas y epidemiológicas. Métodos: estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal, en una población de 22 pacientes (22 ojos) operados de catarata posuveítis, centro oftalmológico Hospital General “Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso”, Santiago de Cuba, período enero de 2017 a febrero de 2020. Variables como la edad, sexo, etiología de la uveítis, complicaciones trans y postoperatorias, así como dilatación pupilar lograda en el acto quirúrgico fueron analizadas. La media, desviación estándar y el porcentaje se emplearon como medidas de resumen. Coeficientes de correlación no paramétricos c de Pearson, U de Theil, Tau-c de Kendall y Rho de Spearman, fueron utilizados para determinar posible asociación entre variables objeto de estudio. Resultados: el mayor número de pacientes intervenidos de catarata eran mujeres de 60 y más años con etiología no infecciosa de uveítis. Fueron mínimas las complicaciones transoperatorias y prevaleció la ruptura de cápsula posterior. Las complicaciones postoperatorias inmediatas constituyeron las más frecuentes e incluyeron inflamación ligera y edema corneal de diferentes grados. La edad y la agudeza visual mejor corregida postquirúrgica no estuvieron asociadas en la población estudiada. Conclusiones: la catarata posuveítis es una causa importante de disminución de la agudeza visual con alta incidencia y prevalencia mundial.

ABSTRACT Introduction: the incidence and prevalence of cataract as a complication associated to uveitis has been a subject little approached in Cuba and especially in the province of Santiago de Cuba. Objective: to characterize post-uveitis cataract patients according to clinical and epidemiological variables. Methods: observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study, in a population of 22 patients (22 eyes) operated of postuveitis cataract, ophthalmologic center General Hospital "Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso", Santiago de Cuba, period January 2017 to February 2020. Variables such as age, sex, etiology of uveitis, trans and postoperative complications, as well as pupillary dilation achieved in the surgical act were analyzed. Mean, standard deviation and percentage were used as summary measures. Non-parametric correlation coefficients Pearson's c, Theil's U, Kendall's Tau-c and Spearman's Rho were used to determine possible association between variables under study. Results: the greatest number of patients who underwent cataract surgery were women 60 years of age and older with non-infectious etiology of uveitis. Transoperative complications were minimal and posterior capsule rupture prevailed. Immediate postoperative complications were the most frequent and included mild swelling and corneal edema of varying degrees. Age and postoperative best corrected visual acuity were not associated in the studied population. Conclusions: post-uveitis cataract is an important cause of decreased visual acuity with high incidence and prevalence worldwide.