Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a most common form of dementia and results in memory loss, disorientation, impaired thinking and changes in personality as well as mood. The dementia cases mostly turn into the Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Another disease, the Parkinson’s disease (PD), mainly affects dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra. A series of previously synthesized quinolone-triazole hybrids were investigated and evaluated for their anti-acetyl cholinesterase and against monoamine oxidase reactive properties through in silico characterization. The ground state electronic properties were determined by electron density of the compounds through DFTs (density functional theory) calculation. The geometries of all compounds were optimized using Becke-3-parameter-Lee-Yang-Parr (B3LYP) method and 6-311g basis set. Docking studies were conducted using the AutoDock and Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) software and the results of the potent derivatives found to be encouraging. The data confirmed that all the compounds have drug-like properties and was further confirmed by ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity) properties. Alzheimers Alzheimer s AD (AD loss disorientation mood AD. . Parkinsons Parkinson PD, PD , (PD) nigra quinolonetriazole quinolone triazole antiacetyl anti acetyl characterization theory calculation Becke3parameterLeeYangParr BeckeparameterLeeYangParr Becke 3 parameter Lee Yang Parr B3LYP BLYP B LYP (B3LYP 6311g g 6 311g set MOE (MOE encouraging druglike drug like absorption, absorption (absorption distribution metabolism toxicity (PD parameterLeeYangParr

Resumen El incremento de la incidencia y prevalencia de las patologías Parkinson y Alzheimer generan una alarma en los sistemas de salud debido a sus consecuencias en los individuos, familia y sociedad. El desarrollo de tratamientos no farmacológicos dirigidos a la rehabilitación cognitiva abre nuevas posibilidades para el incremento de la calidad de vida de estos pacientes.

Abstract The increase in the incidence and prevalence of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases is causing alarm in health systems due to their consequences on individuals, families, and society. The development of non-pharmacological treatments aimed at cognitive rehabilitation opens new possibilities for increasing the quality of life of these patients.

Abstract Introducción: Desde marzo del año 2020, la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) declaró como pandemia al COVID-19 y esta situación representó grandes retos para los pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson (EP). Los efectos en los cambios de las rutinas diarias, la práctica de actividades lúdicas, el relacionamiento y la salud mental, conllevaron a un deterioro secundario. Nuestro objetivo fue caracterizar el estado emocional y la calidad de vida de una cohorte de pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson, así como explorar cuál fue la percepción de la calidad de vida en la pandemia causada por COVID-19. Métodos: Esta fue una investigación mixta que incluyó un análisis descriptivo para los datos sociodemográficos y las variables clínicas, y un análisis del discurso con base a las categorías relacionadas con la percepción de la calidad de vida de los pacientes con EP. Las categories analizadas fueron: pandemia COVID-19, cuidadores, estrategias de adaptación, manejo de la enfermedad y actividades lúdicas. Resultados: En este estudio hubo 12 pacientes, de los cuales el 75 % tenían una media de edad de 75 años (DE 2,9), donde el 50 % presentó niveles leves de ansiedad y el 41 % presentó niveles leves y graves de depresión. La calidad de vida (CV) estuvo afectada por: la movilidad 37,5 (RIC 10,6-45), seguida por el malestar corporal 25 (RIC 10,4-45,8) y la cognición 21,9 (RIC 14-34,3). El 89 % de los hombres vivía con su esposa y el 67 % de las mujeres vivían con uno de sus hijos. Discusión: La entrevista sobre la percepción de la CV durante la pandemia COVID-19 permitió comprender que la experiencia personal es fundamental para mejorar el manejo y el empoderamiento de los pacientes, cuidadores y familiares. Conclusiones: La calidad de vida es un factor mediado por dimensiones dinámicas y es afectada por la percepción subjetiva y los cambios en el entorno como la pandemia COVID-19.

Resumen Introduction: Since March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 as a pandemic. This crisis had big challenges for the patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), due to the effects related to changes in daily routines, the practice of leisure activities, relationships and mental health leading to secondary deterioration. Our aim was to characterize the emotional state and quality of life in a cohort of patients with Parkinson's disease as well as to explore the perception of the quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods: This investigation was conducted as an exploratory mixed study. Descriptive analysis for sociodemographic and clinical variables and, a discourse analysis was carried out based on categories related to the perception of quality of life of patients with PD. Categories analyzed were: Covid-19 pandemic, caregivers, adaptation strategies, management of the disease, and leisure activities. Results: There were twelve patients total in this study. 75% were men with a median age of 75 (SD 2.9). 50% presented mild levels of anxiety and 41% presented mild and severe depression. The QoL was affected for: mobility 37.5 (IRC 10.6-45), body discomfort 25 (IQR 10.4-45.8) and, cognition 21.9 (IQR 14-34.3). 89% lived with their wife and 67% of women lived with one of their children. Discussion: The interview about perception of QoL during Covid-19 pandemic allowed to understand that individual experiences are crucial to improve the management and empowerment the patients, caregivers and families. Conclusion: Quality of life is a factor made up of dynamic dimensions and it is influenced for subjective perspective and changes in environment as a Covid-19 pandemic.

Abstract Background: Parkinson’s disease is poorly studied in Colombia. It is pharmacologically managed, but for refractory cases, surgery is a therapeutic option, positively impacting on quality of life. Objective: To determine the impact of deep brain stimulation as management in the control of progression in patients with Parkinson’s disease attended our institution between the years 2014 to 2020. Method: Descriptive retrospective study, with patients collected between 2014 and 2020 undergoing deep brain stimulation surgery. The MDS-UPDRS (Movement Disorder Society-Sponsored Revision of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale) was applied in the pre- and postoperative period, and the results were compared. Results: 21 patients were included and the UPDRS was applied, finding a decrease in scores in the postoperative period. One patient had an operative site infection. Conclusions: There was an improvement in the MDS-UPDRS score, with a low rate of complications. The procedure time was prolonged from the preoperative evaluation. Deep brain stimulation is the management of choice for refractory Parkinson’s disease. The patients in this series showed improvement in their symptoms. Unfortunately, there are limitations to perform this procedure in Colombia, such as the delay in the authorization of the procedure.

Resumen Antecedentes: La enfermedad de Parkinson está poco estudiada en Colombia. Es de manejo farmacológico, pero para casos refractarios la cirugía es una opción terapéutica que impacta positivamente en la calidad de vida. Objetivo: Determinar el impacto de la estimulación cerebral profunda como manejo en el control de la progresión en pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson atendidos nuestra institución entre los años 2014 a 2020. Método: Estudio descriptivo de corte retrospectivo con pacientes recolectados entre los años 2014 y 2020 sometidos a cirugía de estimulación cerebral profunda. Se aplicó la MDS-UPDRS (Movement Disorder Society-Sponsored Revision of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale) en el pre- y el posoperatorio, y se compararon los resultados. Resultados: Se incluyeron 21 pacientes y se les aplicó la MDS-UPDRS, encontrando una disminución en las puntuaciones en el posoperatorio. Un paciente presentó infección del sitio operatorio. Conclusiones: Hubo mejoría en la puntuación de la MDS-UPDRS, con baja tasa de complicaciones. El tiempo de realización del procedimiento fue prolongado desde la valoración preoperatoria. La estimulación cerebral profunda es el manejo de elección para la enfermedad de Parkinson refractaria. Los pacientes de esta serie mostraron mejoría en sus síntomas. Desafortunadamente, existen limitaciones para la realización de este procedimiento en Colombia, como el retraso en la autorización del procedimiento.

Abstract Objective: Parkinson's disease (PD) presents as a chronic condition with symptoms that worsen over time. Many PD patients experience pain at some point during their illness. This complaint is often overlooked because PD is primarily a motor disorder. The main objective is to assess the prevalence and the most frequent type of pain in this population, as well as its relation to common neuropsychiatric factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted including 196 patients diagnosed with PD. The variables analyzed included age, gender, smoking, alcohol consumption, anxiety, depression, antiparkinsonian treatment (levodopa, dopaminergic agonists, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, and amantadine), intake of antidepressants or antipsychotics, age of symptom onset, age of diagnosis, years of progression, total MDS-UPDRS 3.3 score, total MDS-UPDRS score, MDS-non-motor symptom scores, Hamilton depression and anxiety scales, and montreal Cognitive Assessment. Results: Our patient cohort consisted of 115 males (58.7%) and 81 females (41.3%), with a mean age of 63.56 ± 11.88. The mean disease duration was 7.18 ± 4.9 years. The most common type of pain was musculoskeletal pain, present in 66.7%, followed by radicular pain (24.2%), pain related to fluctuations (22.7%), chronic pain (20.7%), nocturnal pain (17.2%), discoloration, edema, or swollen pain (14.6%), and orofacial pain (5.6%). Conclusions: From the study carried out, it can be observed that the most common type of pain was musculoskeletal pain, followed by radicular pain. Pain patients had a significant association with depression and anxiety due to the intensity of pain.

Resumen Objetivo: La enfermedad de Parkinson (EP) se presenta como una enfermedad crónica con síntomas que empeoran con el tiempo. Muchos pacientes con EP experimentan dolor en algún momento de su enfermedad. Esta dolencia a menudo se pasa por alto porque la EP es principalmente un trastorno motor. El objetivo principal es evaluar la prevalencia y el tipo más frecuente de dolor en esta población, así como su relación con factores neuropsiquiátricos comunes. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal que incluyó 196 pacientes diagnosticados de enfermedad de Parkinson. Las variables analizadas incluyeron edad, sexo, tabaquismo, consumo de alcohol, ansiedad, depresión, tratamiento antiparkinsoniano (levodopa, agonistas dopaminérgicos, inhibidores de la MAO, amantadina), ingesta de antidepresivos o antipsicóticos, edad de inicio de los síntomas, edad de diagnóstico, años de evolución, puntuación total MDS-UPDRS 3.3, puntuación total MDS-UPDRS, puntuaciones MDS-NMS, escalas de depresión y ansiedad de Hamilton y MoCA. Resultados: Nuestra cohorte de pacientes estaba formada por 115 varones (58.7%) y 81 mujeres (41.3%), con una edad media de 63.56 ± 11.88 años. La duración media de la enfermedad fue de 7.18 ± 4.9 años. El tipo de dolor más frecuente fue el musculoesquelético, presente en el 66,7%, seguido del dolor radicular (24.2%), el dolor relacionado con fluctuaciones (22.7%), el dolor crónico (20.7%), el dolor nocturno (17.2%), el dolor por decoloración, edema o hinchazón (14.6%) y el dolor orofacial (5.6%). Conclusiones: Del estudio realizado se observa que el tipo de dolor más frecuente fue el musculoesquelético, seguido del radicular. Los pacientes con dolor presentaron una asociación significativa con depresión y ansiedad debido a la intensidad del dolor.

Abstract Introduction Advanced Glycation End-Products (AGEs) are a diverse group of highly reactive molecules that play a vital role in the development of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), leading to a decline in functional and cognitive capacity. The objective of this study was to assess the intake and quantification of AGEs in individuals with PD and to correlate them with their functional and cognitive abilities. Methods This was a cross-sectional study involving 20 PD patients and 20 non-PD individuals as the Control group (C). The autofluorescence reader was used to evaluate skin AGEs, while food recall was used to quantify AGEs consumed for three different days. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Short Physical Performance Battery, and handgrip tests were used. PD patients demonstrated greater impairment in functional capacity compared to the control group. Results Dominant Handgrip (p = 0.02) and motor performance, in the sit and stand test (p = 0.01) and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) (p = 0.01) were inferior in PD patients than the control group. Although PD patients tended to consume less AGEs than the control group, AGE intake was negatively correlated with handgrip strength in individuals with PD (r = -0.59; p < 0.05). Conclusion PD patients had lower strength and functional capacity, suggesting that the effects of AGEs might be exacerbated during chronic diseases like Parkinson's. EndProducts End Products (AGEs disorders Parkinsons Parkinson s PD, , (PD) abilities crosssectional cross sectional 2 nonPD non C. C . (C) days Assessment 0.02 002 0 02 performance 0.01 001 01 SPPB (SPPB r 0.59 059 59 -0.59 0.05. 005 0.05 05 0.05) Parkinsons. s. (PD (C 0.0 00 0.5 5 -0.5 0. -0. -0 -

Abstract Background The early identification of risk for dysphagia in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) is essential for the prevention of nutritional and pulmonary complications. Objective To analyze the sensitivity and specificity of the Swallowing Disturbance Questionnaire (SDQ-PD) and the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) in identifying dysphagia risk in patients with early and intermediate stages of PD. Methods Twenty-nine patients with PD participated in the study. EAT-10 and SDQ-PD questionnaires were applied, and a videofluoroscopic swallowing study. Dysphagia Outcome and Severity Scale (DOSS) was used to classify the presence and severity of dysphagia, and the Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS) was used to identify the presence of penetration/aspiration. In the statistical analysis, the sensitivity and specificity of the risk questionnaires were calculated, as well as positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy. Results EAT-10 to identify the risk of penetration/aspiration revealed a sensitivity of 71.42% and specificity of 45.45%; in the identification of the presence of dysphagia, the sensitivity was 47.61%, and the specificity was 12.5%. The SDQ-PD questionnaire for risk of penetration/aspiration demonstrated a sensitivity of 28.57%, and a specificity of 68.18%. In terms of identifying the presence of dysphagia, the sensitivity was 20%, while the specificity was 44.44%. Conclusion The SDQ-PD revealed low sensitivity and low specificity to identify the presence of dysphagia and/or penetration/aspiration in patients with early and intermediate stages of PD in this sample. Despite its low specificity, the EAT-10 exhibited good sensitivity in indicating the risk of penetration/aspiration. Parkinsons Parkinson s (PD complications SDQPD SDQ (SDQ-PD EAT10 EAT 10 (EAT-10 Twentynine Twenty nine study EAT-1 applied DOSS (DOSS PenetrationAspiration Penetration Aspiration PAS (PAS penetrationaspiration penetration aspiration analysis calculated value accuracy 7142 71 42 71.42 45.45% 4545 45 4761 47 61 47.61% 125 12 5 12.5% 2857 28 57 28.57% 6818 68 18 68.18% 20 20% 4444 44 44.44% andor or sample EAT1 1 (EAT-1 EAT- 714 7 4 71.4 45.45 454 476 6 47.61 12.5 285 2 28.57 681 68.18 444 44.44 (EAT- 71. 45.4 47.6 12. 28.5 68.1 44.4 (EAT 45. 47. 28. 68. 44.

Resumo Antecedentes A identificação precoce de risco para disfagia nos pacientes com doença de Parkinson (DP) é fundamental para a prevenção de complicações nutricionais e pulmonares. Objetivo Analisar a sensibilidade e especificidade dos questionários Swallowing Disturbance Questionnaire (SDQ-PD) e Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) para a identificação do risco de disfagia em pacientes com DP nos estágios iniciais e intermediários da doença. Métodos Participaram 29 pacientes com DP. Foi realizado a aplicação dos questionários EAT-10 e SDQ-PD e o exame de videofluoroscopia da deglutição. Para a classificação da presença e gravidade da disfagia foi utilizada a escala Dysphagia Outcome and Severity Scale e, para identificação da presença de penetração/aspiração, a escala Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS). Na análise estatística, calcularam-se a sensibilidade e a especificidade dos questionários de risco EAT-10 e SDQ-DP e o valor preditivo positivo, o valor preditivo negativo e a acurácia. Resultados A análise do EAT-10 para identificar o risco de penetração/aspiração revelou sensibilidade de 71.42% e especificidade de 45.45%; para identificar a presença de disfagia, a sensibilidade foi de 47,61% e a especificidade de 12.5%. Em relação ao questionário SDQ-PD, para identificar risco de penetração/aspiração, a sensibilidade foi de 28.57% e a especificidade de 68.18% e, para identificar a presença de disfagia, a sensibilidade foi de 20% e a especificidade de 44.44%. Conclusão O questionário SDQ-PD revelou baixa sensibilidade e baixa especificidade para identificar presença de disfagia e/ou penetração/aspiração em pacientes com DP em estágios iniciais e intermediários para essa amostra. O EAT-10 revelou boa sensibilidade na indicação de risco de penetração/aspiração, apesar de baixa especificidade. (DP pulmonares SDQPD SDQ PD (SDQ-PD EAT10 EAT 10 (EAT-10 2 EAT-1 deglutição penetraçãoaspiração penetração aspiração PenetrationAspiration Penetration Aspiration PAS. PAS . (PAS) estatística calcularamse calcularam se SDQDP positivo acurácia 7142 71 42 71.42 45.45% 4545 45 4761 47 61 47,61 125 12 5 12.5% SDQPD, PD, 2857 28 57 28.57 6818 68 18 68.18 20 4444 44 44.44% eou ou amostra EAT1 1 (EAT-1 EAT- (PAS 714 7 4 71.4 45.45 454 476 6 47,6 12.5 285 28.5 681 68.1 444 44.44 (EAT- 71. 45.4 47, 12. 28. 68. 44.4 (EAT 45. 44.

Abstract Introduction Parkinson’s disease (PD) ranks second among progressive chronic neurodegenerative diseases, with high prevalence and annual incidence. Therefore, it is necessary to update the current and developing occupational therapy options for this pathology. Objective To map the practices and approaches of occupational therapists conducted through therapeutic interventions in PD. Method Review conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) Checklist, based on the methodology of the Joanna Briggs Institute. The research question was formulated using the PCC (Patient, Concept, and Context) acronym, with primary and secondary terms consulted in the DeCS/MeSH multilingual thesaurus. Searches were conducted on five scientific databases between 2011 and 2020. Blind researchers were compared by the degree of agreement measured by Cohen’s kappa coefficient. Results The findings indicate that there are at least eight categories of practices and approaches performed by occupational therapists in PD. Most procedures are conducted at home. Research in outpatient environments is the primary setting for knowledge production in the field. Strategies focused on physical and functional behaviors are most in demand in PD, with measurable results, while occupation-based interventions show modest results. Conclusion The actions of occupational therapists in PD are highly variable, occur in different contexts, and their outcomes suggest that not all mapped options present consistent results or are not sufficiently detailed to favor a better interpretation of the findings. Parkinsons Parkinson s (PD diseases incidence Therefore pathology MetaAnalyses Meta Analyses PRISMAScR PRISMA ScR (PRISMA-ScR Checklist Institute Patient, Patient (Patient Concept Context acronym DeCSMeSH DeCS MeSH thesaurus 201 2020 Cohens Cohen coefficient home field occupationbased occupation variable contexts 20 202 2

Resumo Introdução A doença de Parkinson (DP) é a segunda no grupo das doenças neurodegenerativas crônicas progressivas, com alta prevalência e incidência anual. Portanto, faz-se necessário atualizar as opções terapêutico-ocupacionais, vigentes ou em desenvolvimento, para essa patologia. Objetivo Mapear as práticas e abordagens de terapeutas ocupacionais conduzidas por meio de intervenções terapêuticas na DP. Método Revisão conduzida em atenção ao “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) Checklist”, baseada na metodologia do Joanna Briggs Institute. A pergunta de pesquisa foi elaborada a partir do acrônimo PCC (Paciente, Conceito e Contexto), cujos termos principais e secundários foram consultados no DeCS/MeSH. As buscas foram realizadas em cinco plataformas científicas entre 2011 e 2020. Os pesquisadores cegos foram comparados pelo grau de concordância aferido pelo coeficiente kappa de Cohen. Resultados Os achados indicam que há pelo menos oito categorias de práticas e abordagens realizadas por terapeutas ocupacionais na DP. A maioria dos procedimentos é executado no domicílio. A pesquisa em ambiente ambulatorial é o grande cenário de produção de conhecimento na área. As estratégias focadas em condutas físicas e funcionais são as mais demandadas na DP, com resultados aferíveis, ao passo que as intervenções baseadas em ocupações manifestam resultados discretos. Conclusão As atuações do terapeuta ocupacional na DP têm ampla variabilidade, ocorrem em diferentes contextos e seus desfechos sugerem que nem todas as opções mapeadas apresentam resultados consistentes ou não são suficientemente detalhadas para favorecer uma melhor interpretação dos achados. (DP progressivas anual Portanto fazse faz se terapêuticoocupacionais, terapêuticoocupacionais terapêutico ocupacionais, terapêutico-ocupacionais desenvolvimento patologia Preferred MetaAnalyses Meta Analyses PRISMAScR PRISMA ScR (PRISMA-ScR Checklist, Checklist , Checklist” Institute Paciente, Paciente (Paciente Contexto, Contexto Contexto) DeCSMeSH DeCS MeSH DeCS/MeSH 201 2020 Cohen domicílio área aferíveis discretos variabilidade 20 202 2

A new class of deep eutectic solvents (DES) was used in the extraction of levodopa (L-dopa) present in Mucuna cinerea, which has been termed “green” or “designer” solvents, with notable productive and economic/environmental benefits. The seeds of Mucuna cinerea were prepared and submitted to extraction with heating and agitation in a solvent mixture of DES with citric acid, urea, or glycerol. The extracts were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) which confirmed the efficiency of DES in extracting L-dopa. These extractions were carried out to determine the L-dopa extracts in DES with regard to the induction of cellular response activity, demonstrating the synergy between L-dopa and DES. The DES-glycerol extract exhibited a higher proliferative activity than commercial L-dopa after 24 h of treatment. The human glandular kallikrein-1 gene (hGK3) demonstrated higher expression in the treatment with the DES-urea, while the G protein-coupled receptor kinase-6 gene (GRK6) showed higher expression for all extracts compared to commercial L-dopa, with a higher value obtained for DES glycerol, followed by DES urea extract. The DES extraction method is therefore promising and unprecedented, confirming its possible use in the replacement of expensive solvents, supporting the use of ecologically viable DES in the extractions of other plant species. (DES Ldopa L dopa (L-dopa green “green designer “designer economicenvironmental economic environmental benefits acid glycerol HPLC (HPLC Ldopa. dopa. DESglycerol 2 kallikrein1 kallikrein 1 kallikrein- hGK3 hGK (hGK3 DESurea, DESurea DES-urea proteincoupled protein coupled kinase6 kinase 6 kinase- GRK6 GRK (GRK6 Ldopa, dopa, unprecedented species (hGK (GRK

Abstract Background Therapeutic adherence is a decisive issue on chronic disease management in patients requiring long-term pharmacotherapy, such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Although it is well known that socioeconomic factor is a barrier to medication adherence in many chronic diseases, its impacts on PD still need to be investigated. Objective Explore what and how socioeconomic factors impact medication adherence in people with PD. Methods We carried out a scoping review across three databases to identify studies exploring what and how socioeconomic factors impact medication adherence in people with PD considering eight attributes: 1. educational level, 2. disease-related knowledge, 3. income, 4. cost of medication, 5. drug subsidy (meaning presence of subsidies in the cost of medication), 6. employability, and 7. ethnicity (black, indigenous, immigrants). Results Of the 399 identified studies (Embase = 294, Medline = 88, LILACS = 17), eight met inclusion criteria. We identified factors covering the eight attributes of socioeconomic impact, and all of them negatively impacted the medication adherence of people with PD. The most prevalent factor in the studies was low patient educational level (four studies), followed by costs of medications (three studies), income (three studies), and disease-related knowledge (three studies). Distinctly from most of the studies selected, one of them evidenced suboptimal adherence in individuals receiving the medication free of charge, and another one could not find correlation between suboptimal adherence and educational level. Conclusion Socioeconomic factors negatively impact medication adherence in PD patients. This review provides basis for developing patient and population-based interventions to improve adherence to treatment in PD. longterm long term pharmacotherapy Parkinsons Parkinson s . (PD) diseases investigated 1 2 diseaserelated related 3 4 5 meaning , medication) 6 employability 7 black, black (black indigenous immigrants. immigrants immigrants) 39 Embase 294 88 17, 17 17) criteria four studies, studies) studies. selected charge populationbased population based (PD 29 8

Resumo Antecedentes A adesão à medicação é um componente crucial no manejo correto da doença de Parkinson (DP) e, embora esteja bem estabelecido que o fator socioeconômico é uma barreira à adesão medicamentosa em muitas doenças crônicas, seus impactos na DP ainda precisam ser investigados. Objetivo Explorar quais são e como os fatores socioeconômicos afetam a adesão à medicação em pessoas com DP. Métodos Realizamos uma revisão de escopo em três bases de dados para identificar estudos que explorassem quais e como os fatores socioeconômicos impactam na adesão à medicação em pessoas com DP, considerando oito atributos: 1. nível educacional, 2. conhecimento relacionado à doença, 3. renda, 4. custo de medicamentos, 5. subsídio de medicamentos (ou seja, presença de subsídios no custo dos medicamentos), 6. empregabilidade e 7. etnia (negra, indígena, imigrantes). Resultados Dos 399 estudos identificados (Embase = 294, Medline = 88, LILACS = 17), oito preencheram os critérios de inclusão. Identificamos fatores que abrangem os oito atributos de impacto socioeconômico e todos impactaram negativamente na adesão medicamentosa de pessoas com DP. Foram mais prevalentes o baixo nível educacional do paciente (quatro estudos), custos dos medicamentos, nível de renda e conhecimento relacionado à doença (três estudos cada). Diferentemente da maioria dos estudos selecionados, um deles evidenciou adesão subótima em indivíduos que receberam a medicação gratuitamente, e outro não encontrou correlação entre adesão subótima e nível educacional. Conclusão Fatores socioeconômicos impactam negativamente a adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso em pessoas com DP. Esta revisão fornece base para o desenvolvimento de intervenções baseadas em pacientes e populações no intuito de melhorar a adesão ao tratamento farmacológico de pessoas com DP. (DP crônicas investigados 1 2 3 4 5 ou seja , medicamentos) 6 7 negra, negra (negra indígena imigrantes. imigrantes . imigrantes) 39 Embase 294 88 17, 17 17) inclusão quatro estudos, estudos) cada. cada cada) selecionados gratuitamente 29 8

ABSTRACT Purpose To compare oral status, swallowing function (through instrumental and SLH assessment), and nutritional risk between dysphagic individuals with and without Parkinson's disease. Method This is a cross-sectional retrospective study based on data collected from medical records. It included 54 dysphagic older adults, divided into two groups according to the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. The study collected data on the speech-language-hearing assessment of postural control, tongue mobility and strength, maximum phonation time (MPT), and cough efficiency. Oral status was assessed using the number of teeth and the Eichner Index. The level of oral intake and pharyngeal signs of dysphagia were analyzed with four food consistencies, according to the International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative classification, using fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing, for comparison between groups. The severity of pharyngeal residues was analyzed and classified with the Yale Pharyngeal Residue Severity Rating Scale, and the nutritional risk was screened with the Malnutrition Screening Tool. Results The group of older adults with Parkinson's disease was significantly different from the other group in that they had fewer teeth, unstable postural control, reduced tongue strength, reduced MPT, weak spontaneous coughing, pharyngeal signs, less oral intake, and nutritional risk. Conclusion Dysphagic older people with Parkinson's disease had different oral status, swallowing function, and nutritional risk from those without the diagnosis. through assessment, , assessment) Parkinsons Parkinson s crosssectional cross sectional records 5 speechlanguagehearing speech language hearing control strength MPT (MPT) efficiency Index consistencies classification Scale Tool coughing (MPT

RESUMO Objetivo Comparar o estado oral, a função de deglutição por meio da avaliação instrumental, fonoaudiológica e do risco nutricional entre indivíduos disfágicos com e sem doença de Parkinson. Método Trata-se de um estudo transversal e retrospectivo com base na coleta de dados dos prontuários. Foram incluídos 54 idosos disfágicos divididos em dois grupos, de acordo com a presença do diagnóstico de doença de Parkinson. Foram coletados dados com relação à avaliação fonoaudiológica de controle postural, mobilidade e força de língua, Tempo Máximo de Fonação (TMF) e eficiência da tosse. O estado oral foi avaliado por meio do número de dentes e o Índice de Eichner. Foram analisados o nível de ingestão oral e os sinais faríngeos de disfagia em quatro consistências alimentares, de acordo com a classificação International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative (IDDSI), por meio da videoendoscopia da deglutição, para comparação entre os grupos. Para análise e classificação da gravidade dos resíduos faríngeos, foi utilizado o Yale Pharyngeal Residue Severity Rating Scale (YPRSRS), enquanto que, para rastrear o risco nutricional foi utilizado o Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST). Resultados O grupo de idosos com doença de Parkinson apresentou diferença significativa em menor número de dentes, controle postural instável, força de língua reduzida, TMF reduzido, tosse espontânea fraca, sinais faríngeos, nível de ingestão oral menor e em risco nutricional, em comparação ao outro grupo. Conclusão Os idosos disfágicos com doença de Parkinson apresentaram diferenças no estado oral, na função de deglutição e no risco nutricional em comparação àqueles sem o diagnóstico. instrumental Tratase Trata se prontuários 5 grupos (TMF Eichner alimentares IDDSI, IDDSI , (IDDSI) YPRSRS, YPRSRS (YPRSRS) que MST. MST . (MST) instável reduzida reduzido fraca (IDDSI (YPRSRS (MST

Abstract Objective: To compare the dopamine transporter (DAT) density with other risk factors for L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID) in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), with and without LID. Materials and Methods: We evaluated 67 subjects: 44 patients with idiopathic PD of varying degrees of severity (PD group), and 23 healthy age-matched volunteers (control group). Among the 44 patients in the PD group, 29 were male and the following means were recorded at baseline: age, 59 ± 7 years; disease duration, 10 ± 6 years; Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) stage, 2.16 ± 0.65; and Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale part III (UPDRS III) score, 29.74 ± 17.79. All subjects underwent 99mTc-TRODAT-1 SPECT. We also calculated specific uptake ratios or binding potentials in the striatum. Results: The DAT density in the ipsilateral and contralateral striata was lower in the PD group. The variables disease duration, L-DOPA dosage, doses per day, L-DOPA effect duration time, H&Y stage, and UPDRS III score explained the occurrence of LID. The DAT density in the ipsilateral striatum, contralateral striatum, and caudate nucleus was lower in the patients with LID than in those without. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that presynaptic dopaminergic denervation is associated with LID in individuals with PD. Objective (DAT LDOPAinduced L DOPA induced (LID Parkinsons Parkinson s PD, , (PD) Methods 4 group group) 2 agematched age matched control . baseline 5 years 1 HY H Y (H&Y stage 216 16 2.1 0.65 065 0 65 2974 74 29.7 1779 17 79 17.79 99mTcTRODAT1 mTcTRODAT 99mTc TRODAT mTc 99mTc-TRODAT- SPECT striatum Results LDOPA dosage day time Conclusion 21 2. 0.6 06 297 29. 177 17.7 99mTcTRODAT 99mTc-TRODAT 0. 17.

Resumo Objetivo: Comparar a densidade do transportador de dopamina (DAT) com outros fatores de risco para discinesia induzida pela L-DOPA em pacientes com doença de Parkinson, com e sem discinesias. Materiais e Métodos: Sessenta e sete sujeitos, 23 voluntários saudáveis e 44 pacientes pareados por idade com diferentes graus de gravidade da doença de Parkinson idiopática (29 homens; idade média ± desvio-padrão (DP), 59 ± 7 anos; duração média ± DP dos sintomas, 10 ± 6 anos; H&Y: média ± DP, 2,16 ± 0,65; UPDRS III: média ± DP, 29,74 ± 17,79). Todos os sujeitos realizaram SPECT cerebral com 99mTc-TRODAT-1. Além disso, foram calculadas as taxas de captação específica ou potenciais de ligação no estriado. Resultados: A densidade de DAT do estriado ipsilateral ou contralateral foi menor no grupo doença de Parkinson. As variáveis duração da doença, dosagem de L-DOPA, doses por dia, tempo de duração do efeito da L-DOPA, H&Y e UPDRS III explicaram a ocorrência de discinesia. Adicionalmente, pacientes com discinesia exibiram menor densidade de DAT no estriado ipsilateral ou contralateral e no núcleo caudado do que os pacientes sem discinesia. Conclusão: O presente estudo sugere que a denervação dopaminérgica pré-sináptica na doença de Parkinson está associada ao desenvolvimento de discinesia induzida pela L-DOPA. Objetivo (DAT LDOPA L DOPA discinesias Métodos 2 4 29 (2 homens desviopadrão desvio padrão , (DP) 5 anos sintomas 1 HY H Y 216 16 2,1 0,65 065 0 65 2974 74 29,7 17,79. 1779 17,79 . 17 79 17,79) 99mTcTRODAT1. 99mTcTRODAT1 mTcTRODAT 99mTc TRODAT 1. mTc 99mTc-TRODAT-1 disso Resultados LDOPA, DOPA, dia Adicionalmente Conclusão présináptica pré sináptica LDOPA. DOPA. ( (DP 21 2, 0,6 06 297 29, 177 17,7 99mTcTRODAT 99mTc-TRODAT- 0, 17, 99mTc-TRODAT

This study was conducted to evaluate how sterubin affects rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease (PD) in rats. A total of 24 rats were distributed into 4 equal groups: normal saline control and rotenone control were administered saline or rotenone (ROT), respectively, orally; sterubin 10 received ROT + sterubin 10 mg/kg po; and sterubin alone was administered to the test group (10 mg/kg). Rats of the normal saline and sterubin alone groups received sunflower oil injection (sc) daily, 1 h after receiving the treatments cited above, while rats of the other groups received rotenone injection (0.5 mg/kg, sc). The treatment was continued over the course of 28 days daily. On the 29th day, catalepsy and akinesia were assessed. The rats were then euthanized, and the brain was extracted for estimation of endogenous antioxidants (MDA: malondialdehyde, GSH: reduced glutathione, CAT: catalase, SOD: superoxide dismutase), nitrative (nitrite) stress markers, neuroinflammatory cytokines, and neurotransmitter levels and their metabolites (3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), serotonin (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), and homovanillic acid (HVA)). Akinesia and catatonia caused by ROT reduced the levels of endogenous antioxidants (GSH, CAT, and SOD), elevated the MDA level, and altered the levels of nitrites, neurotransmitters, and their metabolites. Sterubin restored the neurobehavioral deficits, oxidative stress, and metabolites of altered neurotransmitters caused by ROT. Results demonstrated the anti-Parkinson's activities of sterubin in ROT-treated rats. rotenoneinduced induced Parkinsons Parkinson s PD (PD 2 ROT, , (ROT) respectively orally mgkg mg kg po (1 mg/kg. . mg/kg) sc (sc daily above 0.5 05 0 5 (0. sc. sc) th day assessed euthanized (MDA malondialdehyde GSH glutathione CAT catalase SOD dismutase, dismutase dismutase) nitrite (nitrite markers cytokines 3,4dihydroxyphenylacetic 34dihydroxyphenylacetic dihydroxyphenylacetic 3,4 3 DOPAC, DOPAC (DOPAC) DA, DA (DA) NE, NE (NE) 5HT, 5HT HT (5-HT) 5hydroxyindoleacetic hydroxyindoleacetic 5HIAA, 5HIAA HIAA (5-HIAA) HVA. HVA (HVA)) GSH, (GSH SOD, SOD) level nitrites deficits antiParkinsons anti ROTtreated treated (ROT ( 0. (0 4dihydroxyphenylacetic 34 3, (DOPAC (DA (NE (5-HT (5-HIAA (HVA) (HVA

Abstract Objective To map national and international scientific evidence regarding driving by older adults. Method Scope review based on the manual proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Searches were conducted in the MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, SciELO databases, and grey literature through Google Scholar. Results Out of 1,194 studies identified, 189 papers meeting eligibility criteria were selected. Pioneering countries in publications were Australia and the United States, with the peak of research occurring between 2013 and 2014. Study participants included healthy older adults (63.49%, 120), followed by those with Alzheimer's disease (17.46%, 33), Mild Neurocognitive Disorder (11.11%, 21), Parkinson's disease (6.88%, 13), and other comorbidities (19.58%, 37). Various interventions were identified, with 94.02% (178) assessing the effectiveness of instruments measuring the fitness of older drivers. Conclusion There was a prevalence of studies aimed at identifying assessment tools to measure the functionality of older drivers. This underscores the importance of standardized, validated, and economically viable assessments that contribute to identifying at-risk drivers. The need for interventions in geriatrics and gerontology was evident, emphasizing the necessity for actions to establish a specialized multidisciplinary team in vehicular driving. This approach seeks to align licensing guidelines with the specific needs of older drivers, taking into account social, economic, political, and educational aspects, particularly within the Brazilian traffic departments. Institute MEDLINE Science Scopus databases Scholar 1194 1 194 1,19 identified 18 selected States 201 2014 63.49%, 6349 63 49 (63.49% 120, 120 , 120) Alzheimers Alzheimer s 17.46%, 1746 17 46 (17.46% 33, 33 33) 11.11%, 1111 11 (11.11% 21, 21 21) Parkinsons Parkinson 6.88%, 688 6 88 (6.88% 13, 13 13) 19.58%, 1958 19 58 (19.58% 37. 37 . 37) 9402 94 02 94.02 178 (178 drivers standardized validated atrisk risk evident social economic political aspects departments 119 1,1 20 63.49% 634 4 (63.49 12 17.46% 174 (17.46 3 11.11% 111 (11.11 2 6.88% 68 8 (6.88 19.58% 195 5 (19.58 940 9 0 94.0 (17 1, 63.49 (63.4 17.46 (17.4 11.11 (11.1 6.88 (6.8 19.58 (19.5 94. (1 63.4 (63. 17.4 (17. 11.1 (11. 6.8 (6. 19.5 (19. ( 63. (63 17. 11. (11 6. (6 19. (19

Resumo Objetivo Mapear evidências científicas nacionais e internacionais sobre a condução veicular por pessoas idosas. Método Revisão de escopo baseada no manual proposto pelo Joanna Briggs Institute. Para as buscas foram acessadas as bases MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, SciELO e a literatura cinzenta, por meio do Google Scholar. Resultados Dos 1.194 estudos encontrados, selecionaram-se 189 artigos submetidos aos critérios de elegibilidade. Os países precursores nas publicações foram Austrália e Estados Unidos, e o ápice das pesquisas ocorreu entre 2013 e 2014. Os participantes dos estudos eram pessoas idosas saudáveis, 63,49% (120); seguidos de 17,46% (33) com doença de Alzheimer; 11,11% (21) com Transtorno Neurocognitivo Leve; 6,88% (13) com doença de Parkinson; e 19,58% (37) com outras comorbidades. Diferentes tipos de intervenções foram identificadas nos estudos, destas, 94,02% (178) avaliaram a eficácia de instrumentos que mensuram a aptidão do motorista idoso. Conclusão Houve predominância de estudos na busca de instrumentos de avaliação que mensurassem a funcionalidade do condutor idoso. Esse fato ratifica a importância de avaliação padronizada, validada e economicamente viável que colabore na identificação do motorista em risco. Evidenciou-se a necessidade de intervenções para a prática da geriatria e gerontologia, por meio de ações para formação de equipe multidisciplinar especializada em condução veicular, de modo a adequar as diretrizes de licenciamento a fim de atender às especificidades dos condutores idosos, considerando os aspectos sociais, econômicos, políticos e educacionais, especialmente nos departamentos de trânsito brasileiro. Institute MEDLINE Science Scopus cinzenta Scholar 1194 1 194 1.19 encontrados selecionaramse selecionaram se 18 elegibilidade Unidos 201 2014 saudáveis 6349 63 49 63,49 120 (120) 1746 17 46 17,46 33 (33 Alzheimer 1111 11 11,11 21 (21 Leve 688 6 88 6,88 13 (13 Parkinson 1958 19 58 19,58 37 (37 comorbidades destas 9402 94 02 94,02 178 (178 idoso padronizada risco Evidenciouse Evidenciou gerontologia idosos sociais econômicos educacionais brasileiro 119 1.1 20 634 4 63,4 12 (120 174 17,4 3 (3 111 11,1 2 (2 68 8 6,8 (1 195 5 19,5 940 9 0 94,0 (17 1. 63, (12 17, ( 11, 6, 19, 94,