Resumen Marco contextual: En tiempos de pandemia, las citas de enfermería para el seguimiento del embarazo cambiaron, sobre todo la restricción de acompañantes. Por esta razón, es importante evaluar la satisfacción de las mujeres embarazadas con los cuidados de enfermería durante este contexto pandémico. Objetivo: Evaluar la satisfacción de las mujeres embarazadas con la atención prestada por las enfermeras obstétricas en las consultas de seguimiento del embarazo durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo transversal de carácter cuantitativo, con una muestra de 196 mujeres embarazadas. Se aplicó la Escala de Satisfacción de los Pacientes con Asistencia de Enfermería (General Practice Nurse Satisfaction Scale - GPNS), compuesta por las siguientes dimensiones: relaciones interpersonales y comunicación, confianza, credibilidad y dedicación. Resultados: Las mujeres embarazadas están, de media, más satisfechas en la dimensión relaciones interpersonales y comunicación, y menos satisfechas en la dimensión dedicación. Conclusión: Las embarazadas se mostraron satisfechas con los cuidados de enfermería y se dieron cuenta de su importancia. Esto refuerza la pertinencia de que las consultas sean realizadas por una enfermera especializada en Enfermería de Salud Materna y Obstétrica.

Abstract Background: Prenatal nursing appointments underwent changes during the COVID-19 pandemic, namely in the restriction of companions. For this reason, it is important to assess pregnant women’s satisfaction with nursing care during this period. Objective: To assess pregnant women’s satisfaction with nurse midwife-led prenatal appointments during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: A qualitative descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 196 pregnant women. The Portuguese version of the General Practice Nurse Satisfaction Scale (Escala de Satisfação dos Pacientes com a Assistência de Enfermagem) was administered to the sample. The tool consists of the following dimensions: interpersonal relationship and communication, confidence, credibility, and dedication. Results: Pregnant women are, on average, more satisfied in the interpersonal relationship and communication dimension and less satisfied in the dedication dimension. Conclusion: Pregnant women are satisfied with nursing care and acknowledge its importance. This finding reinforces the importance of nurse midwife-led consultations.

Resumo Enquadramento: Em tempo de pandemia, as consultas de enfermagem de vigilância da gravidez sofreram alterações, nomeadamente na restrição de acompanhantes. Por esse motivo, é importante a avaliação da satisfação das grávidas com a assistência de enfermagem durante este contexto pandémico. Objetivo: Avaliar a satisfação da grávida com a assistência das enfermeiras obstétricas nas consultas de vigilância da gravidez durante o contexto de pandemia COVID-19. Metodologia: Estudo transversal descritivo de natureza quantitativa, com uma amostra de 196 grávidas. Aplicado a Escala de Satisfação dos Pacientes com a Assistência de Enfermagem (General Practice Nurse Satisfaction Scale - GPNS), constituída pelas dimensões: relacionamento interpessoal e comunicação, confiança, credibilidade e dedicação. Resultados: As grávidas apresentam-se em média mais satisfeitas na dimensão relacionamento interpessoal e comunicação e menos satisfeitas na dimensão dedicação. Conclusão: As grávidas apresentam-se satisfeitas com a assistência de enfermagem percecionando a sua importância. Tal reforça a pertinência das consultas serem realizadas por um Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem de Saúde Materna e Obstétrica.

Resumen Marco contextual: La pandemia de SARS- CoV-2 ha planteado numerosos retos a las madres de niños y jóvenes de hasta 18 años, debido a la gestión de las responsabilidades inherentes a su papel social. Objetivo: Comprender los significados y contextos de las experiencias de las madres portuguesas de niños y jóvenes adolescentes de hasta 18 años, durante la situación de pandemia de COVID-19. Metodología: Estudio cualitativo, descriptivo y retrospectivo mediante el análisis de contenido de Bardin. Participaron en el estudio 16 mujeres, madres de niños y jóvenes adolescentes de hasta 18 años. Resultados: Surgieron un total de nueve categorías - Sentimientos; Percepción de la salud; Cambios en el estado de salud; Experiencias notables; Significado de las experiencias; Dificultades sentidas durante la situación de pandemia; Dificultades sentidas en la educación; Dificultades sentidas como madre y esposa, e Impactos en la educación de los hijos. Conclusión: La mayoría de las madres entrevistadas consideraron que el periodo de la pandemia de COVID-19 fue una fase impactante en sus vidas, lo que dio lugar a una ambivalencia de sentimientos y diferentes contextos experienciales.

Abstract Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has posed many challenges for mothers of children and adolescents up to 18 years of age in managing the responsibilities associated with their social roles. Objective: To understand the meanings and contexts of the experiences of Portuguese mothers of children and adolescents up to 18 years of age during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: Qualitative, descriptive, and retrospective study using Bardin’s content analysis. The sample consisted of 16 mothers of children and adolescents up to 18 years of age. Results: Nine categories emerged - Feelings; Perception of health; Changes in health status; Significant experiences; Meaning of experiences; Difficulties felt during the pandemic; Difficulties felt in education; Difficulties felt as a mother and wife; and Impact on children’s education. Conclusion: Most of the interviewed mothers considered the COVID-19 pandemic a significant period in their lives, giving rise to ambivalent feelings and distinct life contexts.

Resumo Enquadramento: A pandemia por COVID-19 trouxe inúmeros desafios às mães de crianças e jovens até aos 18 anos de idade, pela gestão de responsabilidades a que o seu papel social se encontra inerente. Objetivo: Compreender quais são os significados e os contextos das vivências de mães portuguesas de crianças e jovens adolescentes até aos 18 anos de idade, no período de situação pandémica por COVID-19; Metodologia: Estudo qualitativo, descritivo e retrospetivo recorrendo à análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Participaram no estudo 16 mulheres, mães de crianças e jovens adolescentes até aos 18 anos de idade. Resultados: Emergiram um total de nove categorias, sendo elas - Sentimentos; Perceção de saúde; Alterações no estado de saúde; experiências marcantes; Significado das experiências; Dificuldades sentidas durante o período de situação pandémica; dificuldades sentidas na educação; dificuldades sentidas enquanto mãe e mulher e impactos na educação dos filhos. Conclusão: A maioria das mães entrevistadas considerou o período pandémico por COVID-19 como uma fase impactante nas suas vidas, originando ambivalência de sentimentos e contextos vivenciais distintos.

Resumen: La pandemia por COVID-19 influyó en el proceso de educación superior generando una transición entre la modalidad presencial a la modalidad en línea-emergente en la que se identificaron varias dificultades para el acceso debido a la inequidad, problemas tecnológicos, crisis de salud y económica a nivel mundial, y en Ecuador a nivel de docentes y estudiantes. El descubrimiento de conocimiento en bases de datos de KDD - Educacional, el análisis de técnicas de minería de datos de clasificación y agrupación, y el complemento de análisis de datos con la inteligencia de negocios determinaron los factores desde la perspectiva de la institución, del docente y de los estudiantes que inciden en el proceso de educación en línea, donde se demuestra además, la importancia del modelo de educación, la metodología del proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje, el entorno de aprendizaje y el bienestar de los docentes y estudiantes que garantizan una educación superior en línea de calidad con igualdad de oportunidades en el acceso.

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted higher education, forcing a rapid transition from face-to-face modality to the emerging online learning modality. This transition exposed several challenges, including, inequitable access to technology, global health and economic crisis, and specific difficulties faced by both teachers and students in Ecuador. Knowledge discovery in KDD - Educational databases, the analysis of classification and clustering data mining techniques and the complement of data analysis with business intelligence determined the factors from the perspective of the institution, teachers and students that influence the online education process. In addition, the importance of the education model, the teaching-learning process methodology, the learning environment, and the well-being of teachers and students that guarantee quality online higher education with equal access opportunities is demonstrated.

Abstract Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has had an important impact on the training of nursing professionals, affecting the mental health of students due to the experiences they have faced. Objective: Assess the level of academic stress in nursing students and its relationship to anxiety, depression, insomnia, post-traumatic stress disorder, and experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: Correlational study with 1009 nursing students who agreed to participate. A virtual survey was applied, collecting sociodemographic and COVID-19 Pandemic experiences data, in addition to questionnaires on anxiety, depression, insomnia, and post-traumatic and academic stress, with prior authorization from the research and ethics committee. Statistical analysis such as Square Chi, Spearman's Rho and logistic regression model were used. Results: 68.1 % presented anxiety, 64.3 % depression, 56.3 % insomnia and 85.7 % academic stress. Academic stress showed statistical association with sex, school period, diagnosis in a family member and contact with a person suspected or confirmed of having COVID-19. Presenting academic stress is 3.9 times higher with moderate anxiety, 10.6 times higher with moderate depression, 12.7 times higher with moderate clinical insomnia, 1.8 times higher with a family member diagnosed with the disease, and 2.6 times higher with contact of suspected or confirmed COVID-19 cases. Conclusions: Mental health problems were related to academic stress levels in nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic. The nursing professional must design educational and training strategies to reduce the levels of these problems, applicable from educational training to the workplace.

Abstrato Introdução: A Pandemia do COVID-19 teve um impacto significativo na formação dos profissionais de enfermagem, afetando a saúde mental dos estudantes devido às vivências por eles enfrentadas. Objetivo: Avaliar o nível de estresse acadêmico em estudantes de enfermagem e sua relação com ansiedade, depressão, insônia, transtorno de estresse pós-traumático e experiências durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Metodologia: Estudo correlacional com 1009 graduandos de enfermagem que concordaram em participar. Foi aplicada uma pesquisa virtual, coletando dados sociodemográficos e experiências da Pandemia da COVID-19, além de questionários sobre ansiedade, depressão, insônia e estresse pós-traumático e acadêmico, com autorização prévia do comitê de ética e pesquisa. Foram utilizadas análises estatísticas como Qui-cuadrado, Rho de Spearman e modelo de regressão logística. Resultados: 68.1 % presented anxiety, 64.3 % depression, 56.3 % insomnia and 85.7 % academic stress. Academic stress showed statistical association with sex, school period, diagnosis in a family member and contact with a person suspected or confirmed of having COVID-19. Presenting academic stress is 3.9 times higher with moderate anxiety, 10.6 times higher with moderate depression, 12.7 times higher with moderate clinical insomnia, 1.8 times higher with a family member diagnosed with the disease, and 2.6 times higher with contact of suspected or confirmed COVID-19 cases. Conclusões: Problemas de saúde mental foram relacionados aos níveis de estresse acadêmico em estudantes de enfermagem durante a pandemia de COVID-19. O profissional de enfermagem deve traçar estratégias educacionais e de treinamento para reduzir os níveis desses problemas, aplicáveis desde a formação educacional até o ambiente de trabalho.

Resumen Introducción: La pandemia por COVID-19 ha generado un impacto importante en la formación de profesionales de enfermería, afectando la salud mental en estudiantes debido a las experiencias enfrentadas. Objetivo: Evaluar el nivel de estrés académico en estudiantes de enfermería y su relación con la ansiedad, depresión, insomnio, estrés postraumático y experiencias durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Metodología: Estudio correlacional con 1009 estudiantes matriculados de licenciatura en enfermería que aceptaron participar. Se aplicó encuesta virtual, recolectando datos sociodemográficos y de experiencias durante la pandemia de COVID-19, además de los cuestionarios sobre ansiedad, depresión, insomnio, estrés postraumático y académico, con previa autorización del comité de investigación y ética. El análisis se realizó con Ji cuadrada, Rho de Spearman, y el modelo de regresión logística. Resultados: El 68.1 % presentaron ansiedad, el 64.3 % depresión, el 56.3 % insomnio y el 85.7 % estrés académico. El estrés académico mostró asociación estadística con sexo, periodo académico, diagnóstico en familiar y contacto con persona sospechosa/confirmada de COVID-19. Presentar estrés académico es 3.9 veces mayor con ansiedad moderada, 10.6 veces mayor con depresión moderada, 12.7 veces mayor con insomnio clínico moderado, 1.8 veces mayor con familiar diagnosticado con la enfermedad y 2.6 veces mayor con contacto de casos sospechosos/confirmados de COVID-19. Conclusión: Problemas de salud mental mostraron relación estadística con estrés académico en estudiantes de enfermería durante la pandemia por COVID-19. El profesional de enfermería debe diseñar estrategias educativas y de capacitación para disminuir los niveles de estos problemas, aplicables desde la formación hasta lo laboral.

RESUMEN Para las economías en desarrollo el diseño de políticas con respecto al financiamiento externo es realmente complejo. El estallido y posterior evolución de la crisis derivada de la pandemia de COVID-19 a inicios del 2020 afectó, en primer lugar, a las economías en desarrollo que debieron enfrentarse a una compleja situación interna y restricción al financiamiento internacional. El presente trabajo describe el complejo escenario internacional que dificulta el acceso al financiamiento externo y se detiene en el caso cubano, en el cual un conjunto de factores internos y externos dificultan de manera extrema el acceso a recursos financieros imprescindibles para la recuperación y el desarrollo del país. El análisis se centra en el financiamiento proveniente de fuentes privadas y en particular en dos de sus principales instrumentos, la inversión extranjera directa y las remesas.

ABSTRAC For developing economies, the design of policies regarding external financing is really complex. The outbreak and subsequent evolution of the crisis derived from the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic at the beginning of 2020 affected, first of all, developing economies that had to face a complex internal situation and restriction on international financing. This work describes the complex international scenario that makes access to external financing difficult and focuses on the Cuban case in which a set of internal and external factors make it extremely difficult to access essential financial resources for recovery and development from the country. The analysis focuses on financing from private sources and in particular on two of its main instruments, foreign direct investment and remittances.

RESUMEN Desde finales de 2019, la pandemia de la COVID-19 ha traído consigo desafíos globales sin precedentes, afectando profundamente las estructuras socioeconómicas en todo el mundo. América Latina, conocida por su diversidad económica y social, ha sentido estos impactos de manera significativa. En este escenario, la protección social no contributiva se ha revelado como un pilar fundamental para contrarrestar las adversidades económicas y sociales de la crisis sanitaria, en especial para aquellos sectores de la población que quedan fuera del alcance de los sistemas tradicionales de seguridad social basados en contribuciones laborales. El artículo examina las respuestas políticas y sociales implementadas en la región en respuesta a la crisis sanitaria a través de una variedad de estrategias, incluyendo transferencias monetarias directas, programas de protección del empleo, y medidas de asistencia sanitaria. Este análisis proporciona una visión integral de la situación y destaca la relevancia de las medidas de emergencia en tiempos de crisis y su papel en la construcción de un futuro más seguro y justo para la región.

ABSTRACT Since the end of 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented global challenges, deeply affecting socioeconomic structures worldwide. Latin America, known for its economic and social diversity, has significantly felt these impacts. In this scenario, non-contributory social protection has emerged as a fundamental pillar to counteract the economic and social adversities of the health crisis, especially for those sectors of the population that are beyond the reach of traditional social security systems based on labour contributions. The article examines the political and social responses implemented in the region in response to the health crisis through a variety of strategies, including direct monetary transfers, employment protection programs, and health assistance measures. This analysis provides a comprehensive view of the situation, highlighting the importance of emergency measures in times of crisis and their role in building a safer and more just future for the region.

RESUMEN La integración de las tecnologías en la sala de clases es una situación problemática, que ha impedido al estudiantado incorporarse a la enseñanza digital. La reciente pandemia por el COVID 19 reveló brechas del capital cultural tecnológico familiar, cuestión relevante, porque la familia, es decir, padres y apoderados, son un factor en la integración de tecnología en la sala de clases de sus hijos en enseñanza básica. El objetivo general de esta investigación fue medir el grado de incidencia de la familia en la integración de tecnologías en las aulas. A través de una metodología cuantitativa, una técnica de encuesta, la aplicación de un cuestionario a padres de estudiantes de octavo año básico y el uso de un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales, se confirmó que, dentro del factor familiar, la disponibilidad de recursos es la variable de mayor incidencia en la integración digital en el aula, con un valor de regresión de 2.002; seguida del capital cultural tecnológico, con un valor de 1.443; y finalmente el uso y competencias tecnológicas, con un peso de 0.614.

ABSTRACT The integration of technologies in the classroom is a problematic situation, which has prevented students from incorporating digital learning. The recent COVID 19 pandemic revealed gaps in the family technological cultural capital, a relevant issue, because the family, i.e. parents and guardians, are a factor in the integration of technology in the classroom of their children in elementary school. The general objective of this doctoral research was to measure the degree of incidence of the family in the integration of technologies in the classroom. Through a quantitative methodology, the survey technique, the application of a questionnaire to parents of eighth grade students and the use of a structural equation model, it was confirmed that, within the family factor, the availability of resources is the variable with the greatest impact on digital integration in the classroom, with a regression value of 2.002; followed by the technological cultural capital, with a value of 1.443; and finally the use and technological skills, with a weight of 0.614.

RESUMEN A partir del primer trimestre del 2020 las economías de todo el mundo iniciaron una desaceleración en su actividad debido al confinamiento generado por la pandemia del COVID-19. En varias economías, se implementaron políticas monetarias y fiscales expansivas para tratar de evitar una caída drástica del desempleo y la producción. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la relación entre los niveles de inflación y desempleo al inicio de la pandemia, tanto de México, como de Estados Unidos de Norteamérica y, evaluar si existe una diferencia de dicha relación entre ambos países. Se utilizaron datos mensuales de la inflación y el desempleo desde enero de 2016 a diciembre 2020, considerando un Modelo Aditivo Generalizado (MAG) para estudiar la relación entre la inflación y el desempleo en ambos países. Los resultados esperados sugerirían la existencia evidente de la curva de Phillips en el corto plazo en Estados Unidos, no así en México, por lo que no justificaría en este último una política fiscal expansiva para estimular la economía. Se concluye que políticas económicas ortodoxas para estimular a la economía y disminuir el desempleo no forzosamente tendrían los efectos esperados en el caso de México y sí en un incremento de precios. Código JEL: E24; E31; E63.

ABSTRACT As of the first quarter of 2020, economies around the world began a slowdown in their activity due to the confinement generated by the COVID-19 pandemic. In several economies, expansionary monetary and fiscal policies were implemented to try to avoid a drastic drop in unemployment and production. The objective of the work is to analyze the relationship between the levels of inflation and unemployment at the beginning of the pandemic, both in Mexico and in the United States of America, and to assess whether there is a difference in said relationship between both countries. Monthly inflation and unemployment data were used from January 2016 to December 2020, considering a Generalized Additive Model (MAG) to study the relationship between inflation and unemployment in both countries. The expected results would suggest the evident existence of the Phillips curve in the short term in the United States, but not in Mexico, so it would not justify an expansive fiscal policy in the latter to stimulate the economy. It is concluded that orthodox economic policies to stimulate the economy and reduce unemployment would not necessarily have the expected effects in the case of Mexico but would have an increase in prices. Código JEL: E24; E31; E63.

RESUMEN El contexto de pandemia ha evidenciado dificultades en la salud física y mental, donde han emergido emociones como la angustia, ansiedad, miedo e irritabilidad. A partir de este escenario, se considera importante analizar la experiencia de padres y madres desde la perspectiva del burnout parental, ya que se han evidenciado cambios abruptos en la dinámica familiar que representaron un importante y vertiginoso desafío de adaptación. Debido a que se carece de estudios con aproximaciones cualitativas que describan las experiencias en este ámbito, el objetivo del estudio es describir la experiencia de padres y madres desde la perspectiva del burnout parental en contexto de pandemia por COVID-19 en la región del Biobío, Chile. Se utiliza una metodología cualitativa, orientada desde un diseño fenomenológico. Los participantes fueron tres madres y tres padres chilenos, entre 20 y 50 años. Se utiliza la entrevista semi-estructurada para recolectar la información y el análisis de contenido temático para la construcción de categorías. Los resultados muestran que los padres y madres perciben un agotamiento asociado a un desajuste entre las demandas relacionadas con la crianza de los hijos, incluidas las expectativas de sí mismos y sus responsabilidades, y la disponibilidad de recursos para satisfacer esas demandas y expectativas. Se concluye una experiencia parental basada en sentimientos desadaptativos como el agobio y adaptativos como la cercanía parental, además de un carácter mayoritariamente íntimo en las actividades familiares, sociales y de ocio.

ABSTRACT The context of the pandemic has evidenced difficulties in physical and mental health, where emotions such as anguish, anxiety, fear, and irritability have emerged. Based on this scenario, it is considered important to analyze the experience of fathers and mothers from the perspective of parental burnout, since abrupt changes in family dynamics have been evidenced, which represented an important and dizzying adaptation challenge. Due to the lack of studies with qualitative approaches that describe the experiences in this area, the aim of the study is to describe the experience of fathers and mothers from the perspective of parental burnout in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Biobío Region, Chile. A qualitative methodology is used, oriented from a phenomenological design. The participants were three Chilean mothers and three fathers, between 20 and 50 years old. The semi-structured interview is used to collect the information and the thematic content analysis for the construction of categories. The results show that fathers and mothers perceive exhaustion associated with a mismatch between the demands related to raising children, including expectations of themselves and their responsibilities, and the availability of resources to meet those demands and expectations. A parental experience based on maladaptive feelings such as overwhelm and adaptive feelings such as parental closeness is concluded, as well as a most intimate character in family, social, and leisure activities.

RESUMEN La pasada crisis sanitaria mundial evidenció el papel fundamental de la agricultura familiar y las políticas de compras pública para garantizar el derecho humano a la alimentación adecuada. En este análisis documental, se compararon las experiencias de compras públicas (2019 a 2022), en una región de Brasil y otra de Colombia, de la agricultura familiar, desde una perspectiva de género, con el objetivo de identificar desafíos y buenas prácticas. Entre los hallazgos, se destaca que, aunque ya existen políticas estructuradas para las compras públicas en Brasil, la realidad regional señaló desafíos en el período. Se señalaron los avances en Colombia, con la expedición de la Ley 2046 de 2020. En ambos países se evidenció el bajo rol de la mujer en la titulación de las propiedades rurales y en la toma de decisiones, aunque se evidencia su participación en la fuerza productiva rural familiar.

ABSTRACT The recent global health crisis highlighted the fundamental role of family farming and public procurement policies in guaranteeing the human right to adequate food. This documentary analysis compares public procurement experiences (2019 to 2022) in a region of Brazil and another in Colombia, focusing on family farming from a gender perspective to identify challenges and best practices. Among the findings, it is noteworthy that although structured policies for public procurement already exist in Brazil, regional realities pointed to challenges during the period. Advances in Colombia were noted with the issuance of Law 2046 of 2020. In both countries, the low role of women in the ownership of rural properties and decision-making was evident, despite their participation in the rural family productive workforce.

RESUMEN La pandemia mundial producto del COVID-19 ocasionó importantes pérdidas económicas y financieras en el sector bancario ecuatoriano. El objetivo del presente estudio es determinar en qué medida el riesgo crediticio y la liquidez afectan la rentabilidad de las mutualistas en Ecuador, entre el 2018 y 2021. Para tal efecto, la población estuvo constituida por las cuatro mutualistas existentes, con cuyos datos se trabajó con datos de panel de 192 observaciones, aplicando un modelo PLS-SEM para evidenciar las relaciones. De esta manera, los resultados mostraron que el riesgo crediticio incide negativamente sobre la liquidez y la rentabilidad de estas instituciones financieras; en el caso de la liquidez, se ha podido percibir que esta no afecta a la rentabilidad. En consecuencia, es sumamente importante controlar el riesgo crediticio, a través de los índices de morosidad, por lo que es necesario considerar la estructura de cartera.

ABSTRACT The global COVID-19 pandemic caused significant economic and financial losses in the Ecuadorian banking sector. This study aims to determine the extent to which credit risk and liquidity affect the profitability of mutual savings banks in Ecuador between 2018 and 2021. To this end, the population consisted of the four existing mutual savings banks, and data from a panel of 192 observations were used, applying a PLS-SEM model to demonstrate the relationships. The results showed that credit risk has a negative impact on the liquidity and profitability of these financial institutions; in the case of liquidity, it was found that it does not affect profitability. Consequently, it is essential to control credit risk through delinquency indices, which makes it necessary to consider the structure of the loan portfolio.

RESUMEN La presente investigación se desarrolló en los parajes rurales de Clara y La Hilera, Tacuarembó, Uruguay. El objetivo se centró en conocer el impacto de la pandemia por COVID-19 en la situación alimentaria de los hogares de estas comunidades con características de población dispersa, desde una perspectiva del derecho humano a la alimentación. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, mixto. Los datos fueron recabados a través de la escala ELCSA, observaciones no participantes, entrevistas semiestructuradas dirigidas a las personas adultas responsables de la alimentación en el hogar y entrevistas en profundidad a informantes calificados de ambos parajes. Entre los resultados se destaca, que los valores de inseguridad alimentaria de los hogares previo y luego de iniciada la pandemia se mantiene en la mitad de los mismos. Se concluye que la pandemia no provocó cambios en la adquisición y disponibilidad local de alimentos en prácticamente la totalidad de los hogares.

ABSTRACT This research was conducted in the rural areas of Clara and La Hilera, Tacuarembó, Uruguay. The objective was to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the food situation of households in these communities with dispersed population characteristics, from a human right to food perspective. A cross-sectional mixed descriptive study was conducted. Data were collected using the ELCSA scale, non-participant observations, semi-structured interviews with adults responsible for household food provision, and in-depth interviews with qualified informants from both areas. The results show that the level of household food insecurity remained the same in half of the households before and after the onset of the pandemic. It is concluded that the pandemic did not cause changes in the acquisition and local availability of food in almost all households.

Abstract The article aims to contribute to the mapping of disputes around the regulation of remote work in contemporary Brazil, in a context in which the social distance caused by the Covid-19 pandemic gave rise to the adoption of this type of work to gain greater importance. We seek to understand what labor claims emerged as a result of the adoption of remote work, the changes promoted within the scope of Labor Law due to social distancing measures during the pandemic and, in particular, how new arrangements were implemented in collective bargaining regarding work remote in the states of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. What normativity results from the heteronomous and autonomous rules adopted in the exceptional pandemic period? The research findings and the problematization of the rules arising from provisional measures and collective bargaining on remote work highlight the limits and trends of the regulation that emerges in the context of a health calamity. Brazil Covid19 Covid 19 Covid-1 importance particular Paulo period calamity Covid1 1 Covid-

Resumo O artigo tem por objetivo contribuir para o mapeamento das disputas em torno da regulação do trabalho remoto no Brasil contemporâneo, num contexto em que o distanciamento social provocado pela pandemia de Covid-19 deu ensejo a que a adoção desse tipo de trabalho ganhasse maior vulto. Buscamos compreender que demandas laborais surgiram em decorrência da adoção do trabalho remoto, as mudanças promovidas no âmbito do Direito do Trabalho em virtude das medidas de distanciamento social durante a pandemia e, em especial, como novos arranjos foram implementados nas negociações coletivas a respeito do trabalho remoto nos estados do Rio de Janeiro e de São Paulo. Que normatividade resulta das regras heterônomas e autônomas adotadas no período excepcional pandêmico? Os achados da pesquisa e a problematização das regras provenientes de medidas provisórias e de negociações coletivas sobre trabalho remoto evidenciam os limites e as tendências da normatização que emerge em contexto de calamidade sanitária. contemporâneo Covid19 Covid 19 Covid-1 vulto especial Paulo pandêmico sanitária Covid1 1 Covid-

Abstract The article explores the complexity and current uncertainties concerning long COVID, an emerging nosological entity with vague contours and characterised by unpredictable and persistent symptoms and absence of ‘objective diagnosis’. Based on accounts of the affected individuals and balancing the review of medical and journalistic literature on the subject, historical approach and ethnography, this work describes and analyses the policies of recognition and care of this condition in a context of epistemic injustice. The article contests the representations of long COVID as a merely transient disorder arguing that, unlike the promises of full recovery, what is taking shape is the emergence of a new individual whose biography is being rewritten by long COVID. For these people, full recognition of long COVID as a distinct pathological entity, coupled with the validation of their experimental knowledge, means more than merely opening concrete possibilities for relief from physical and mental suffering. It also represents justice, repair, and a further step towards the reconstruction of their lives. objective diagnosis. diagnosis . diagnosis’ subject ethnography injustice that recovery people knowledge suffering justice repair lives

Resumo O artigo explora a complexidade e as incertezas atuais sobre a covid longa, uma entidade nosológica emergente pós-covid-19, com contornos imprecisos e caracterizada por sintomas imprevisíveis e persistentes. Baseado em relatos de pessoas afetadas e equilibrando a revisão da literatura médica e jornalística sobre o tema, a história da ciência e a etnografia em saúde, o trabalho descreve e analisa as políticas de reconhecimento e de cuidado da doença em um contexto de injustiça epistêmica. O artigo contesta as representações da covid longa como uma condição meramente transitória, argumentando que, diferentemente das promessas de plena recuperação, o que tem ganhado forma é emergência de uma nova pessoa cuja biografia passa a ser reescrita com a covid longa. Para essas pessoas, o reconhecimento pleno da covid longa como uma entidade patológica distinta, aliado à validação de seu conhecimento experimental, significa mais do que simplesmente abrir possibilidades concretas para alívio do sofrimento físico e mental. Isso também representa justiça, reparação e um passo adiante na reconstrução de suas vidas. póscovid19, póscovid19 póscovid pós 19, 19 pós-covid-19 persistentes tema saúde epistêmica transitória recuperação distinta experimental mental justiça vidas póscovid1 1 pós-covid-1 pós-covid- pós-covid

Resumen: El comercio electrónico del sector de la moda ha aumentado en los últimos años en Latinoamérica, especialmente a raíz de la pandemia, sin embargo, todavía existen problemas en la aceptación de este canal de compra. La presente investigación se centra en algunos factores que podrían influir en la intención de compra y tiene como objetivos comprobar cómo en ella influyen la confianza, los riesgos percibidos, los costos y la conveniencia. Para esto, se suministró un cuestionario a 223 estudiantes de cuatro universidades del Ecuador. Para el análisis de los datos obtenidos se desarrolló un modelo PLS-SEM, en el cual la confianza en el vendedor actúa como variable mediadora en la relación entre los otros tres factores y la intención de compra. Los resultados muestran que dicho modelo tiene un aceptable poder predictivo y explicativo. Asimismo, se comprueba que los riesgos, la conveniencia y la confianza afectan significativamente a la intención de compra, pero no los costos. Además, la confianza mediaría la relación entre las tres variables y la intención de compra en línea. Se concluye que el modelo propuesto puede servir de base para estudios similares y, a su vez, se considera que los resultados obtenidos pueden ser utilizados por las empresas en el sector de la moda que quieren vender a través de plataformas de e-Commerce para el desarrollo de estrategias de marketing.

Abstract: E-commerce in the fashion sector has increased in recent years in Latin America, especially in the wake of the pandemic, however, there are still issues in the acceptance of this shopping channel. The present research focuses on some factors that could influence purchase intention and aims to test how it is influenced by trust, perceived risks, costs and convenience. For this purpose, a questionnaire was given to 223 students from four universities in Ecuador. A PLS-SEM model was developed for the analysis of the data, in which trust in the seller has a mediating role in the relationship between the other three factors and purchase intention. Results show that this model has acceptable predictive and explanatory power. Likewise, it validates that risks, convenience and trust significantly affect intention, but not costs. In addition, trust would mediate the relationship between the other variables and online shopping intention. It is concluded that the proposed model can serve as a basis for similar studies, and, at the same time, it is considered that the results obtained can be used by business in the fashion sector that pursue to sell through e-commerce platforms for marketing strategies development.