Abstract: Some systemic inflammatory indices have been reported to be associated with intracerebral hemorrhage in adults. However, the relationship between systemic inflammatory indices and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in premature neonates is still not completely understood. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between systemic inflammatory indices obtained on the first day of life in premature infants and the development of severe IVH. Patients and Method: Premature newborns < 32 weeks of gestational age were included. Eligible patients were divided into 2 groups: Group 1: without IVH or grade I and II hemorrhage, and Group 2: grade III and IV HIV. Demographic characteristics, clinical outcomes, monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic immune inflammation index (SII), pan-immune inflammation value (PIV), and Systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) were compared between groups. Results: A total of 1176 newborns were included in the study, 1074 in Group 1 and 102 premature babies in Group 2. There was no difference between the groups in terms of the count of leukocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes and platelets (p > 0.05). The values of NLR, MLR, PLR, PIV, SII and SIRI were similar in both groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: While the relationship between inflammation, hemodynamics and IVH is still under discussion, our results show that systemic inflammatory indices have no predictive value for IVH.

ABSTRACT Background: Pan-immuno-inflammation value is a new and comprehensive index that reflects both the immune response and systemic inflammation in the body. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic relevance of pan-immuno-inflammation value in predicting in-hospital mortality in acute pulmonary embolism patients and to compare it with the well-known risk scoring system, pulmonay embolism severity index, which is commonly used for a short-term mortality prediction in such patients. Methods: In total, 373 acute pulmonary embolism patients diagnosed with contrast-enhanced computed tomography were included in the study. Detailed cardiac evaluation of each patient was performed and pulmonary embolism severity index and pan-immuno-inflammation value were calculated. Results: In total, 60 patients died during their hospital stay. The multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that baseline heart rate, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, lactate dehydrogenase, pan-immuno-inflammation value, and pulmonary embolism severity index were independent risk factors for in-hospital mortality in acute pulmonay embolism patients. When comparing with pulmonary embolism severity index, pan-immuno-inflammation value was non-inferior in terms of predicting the survival status in patients with acute pulmonay embolism. Conclusion: In our study, we found that the PIV was statistically significant in predicting in-hospital mortality in acute pulmonay embolism patients and was non-inferior to the pulmonary embolism severity index. (Rev Invest Clin. 2024;76(2):97-102)

Abstract: Some systemic inflammatory indices have been reported to be associated with intracerebral hemorrhage in adults. However, the relationship between systemic inflammatory indices and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in premature neonates is still not completely understood. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between systemic inflammatory indices obtained on the first day of life in premature infants and the development of severe IVH. Patients and Method: Premature newborns < 32 weeks of gestational age were included. Eligible patients were divided into 2 groups: Group 1: without IVH or grade I and II hemorrhage, and Group 2: grade III and IV HIV. Demographic characteristics, clinical outcomes, monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic immune inflammation index (SII), pan-immune inflammation value (PIV), and Systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) were compared between groups. Results: A total of 1176 newborns were included in the study, 1074 in Group 1 and 102 premature babies in Group 2. There was no difference between the groups in terms of the count of leukocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes and platelets (p > 0.05). The values of NLR, MLR, PLR, PIV, SII and SIRI were similar in both groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: While the relationship between inflammation, hemodynamics and IVH is still under discussion, our results show that systemic inflammatory indices have no predictive value for IVH.

Abstract: Pan-sharpening (PS) consists of combining a high spatial resolution (HR) panchromatic image (PAN) and a low spatial resolution (LR) multispectral image (MS) to generate an MS-HR image. However, some PS methods have spectral and spatial distortions that influence subsequent analyses. Thus, this study aimed to develop a PS method based on convolutional autoencoder (CAE) for Landsat 8 images and evaluate its performance in calculating spectral indices. In the PS process, we trained a CAE network and used a multiscale-guided filter. The performance of the proposed method was analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) statistic of the empirical cumulative distribution function (eCDF) between the values of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), and Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI) of the PS and MS-LR images. The results show that the proposed method is effective for calculating the indices. Therefore, we conclude that it has great potential for preserving the spatial information of the PAN image and the spectral information of the MS-LR image during the PS process for calculating spectral indices. Abstract Pansharpening Pan sharpening (PS HR (HR (PAN LR (LR MS (MS MSHR However analyses Thus (CAE indices multiscaleguided multiscale guided filter KolmogorovSmirnov Kolmogorov Smirnov KS K S (K-S eCDF (eCDF NDVI, NDVI , (NDVI) NDWI, NDWI (NDWI) NDMI (NDMI MSLR Therefore (NDVI (NDWI

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: In our study, we aimed to investigate whether systemic inflammatory indices could be an indicator of mortality in very low birth weight (<1,500 g) preterm infants. METHODS: Very low birth weight preterm infants were included in our study, and patient data were recorded retrospectively. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio, systemic immune-inflammation index, pan-immune-inflammation value, and systemic inflammation response index were calculated and recorded. The survivors and infants who died were compared for systemic inflammatory indices. RESULTS: A total of 1,243 very low birth weight infants were included in the study. Of the patients, 1,034 survived and 209 died. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, pan-immune-inflammation value, systemic immune-inflammation index, and systemic inflammation response index were found to be statistically significantly lower in the mortality group than those in the survivor group (p=0.039, p=0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, and p=0.002, respectively). According to the receiver operating curve analysis, systemic immune-inflammation index with the highest area under the curve (0.844) was found to be the most effective systemic inflammatory indices in predicting mortality with a cutoff level of ≤28.87 (p=0.0001). Multiple regression analysis showed that a lower level of systemic immune-inflammation index (≤28.87) was independently associated with mortality (OR: 1.677, 95%CI 1.061–2.685, p=0.001). CONCLUSION: We have shown that low systemic immune-inflammation index value in very low birth weight preterm infants may be a novel systemic inflammatory index that can be used to predict mortality. OBJECTIVE study <1,500 1500 1 500 (<1,50 g METHODS retrospectively Neutrophiltolymphocyte Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio platelettolymphocyte platelet monocytetolymphocyte monocyte immuneinflammation immune panimmuneinflammation pan RESULTS 1243 243 1,24 patients 1034 034 1,03 20 p=0.039, p0039 p 0 039 (p=0.039 p0001 001 p=0.001 p<0.001 p0002 002 p=0.002 respectively. respectively . respectively) 0.844 0844 844 (0.844 2887 28 87 ≤28.8 p=0.0001. p00001 p=0.0001 0001 (p=0.0001) (≤28.87 OR (OR 1677 677 1.677 95CI CI 95 10612685 061 2 685 1.061–2.685 p=0.001. p=0.001) CONCLUSION <1,50 150 50 (<1,5 124 24 1,2 103 03 1,0 p=0.039 p003 (p=0.03 p000 00 p=0.00 p<0.00 0.84 084 84 (0.84 288 8 ≤28. p0000 p=0.000 000 (p=0.0001 (≤28.8 167 67 1.67 9 1061268 06 68 1.061–2.68 <1,5 15 5 (<1, 12 1, 10 p=0.03 p00 (p=0.0 p=0.0 p<0.0 0.8 08 (0.8 ≤28 (p=0.000 (≤28. 16 6 1.6 106126 1.061–2.6 <1, (<1 p0 (p=0. p=0. p<0. 0. (0. ≤2 (p=0.00 (≤28 1. 10612 1.061–2. <1 (< (p=0 p=0 p<0 (0 ≤ (≤2 1061 1.061–2 < ( (p= p= p< (≤ 106 1.061– (p 1.061 1.06 1.0

Abstract Objective To determine the association between nutritional status according to different cutoff points for body mass index (BMI) and the occurrence of noncommunicable chronic diseases (NCD) in older people. Methods A cross-sectional study of 365 older people was conducted using a questionnaire collecting information on health variables, body weight and height measurements. The association between classification of nutritional status using BMI and occurrence of NCD was estimated by the Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (95%CI). Results As measured by the different BMI classification criteria, nutritional status varied: for normal weight (24.9-32.3%), excess weight (57.3-73.2%) and for underweight (1.9-15.3%). According to the Lipschitz classification, underweight was associated with lower occurrence of osteoarticular diseases (OR=0.38; 95%CI: 0.15-0.93) and cardiometabolic diseases (OR=0.42; 95%CI: 0.19- 0.94); while overweight was associated with higher occurrence of cardiometabolic diseases (OR=2.26; 95%CI: 1.30-3.93). According to the World Health Organization criteria, underweight was associated with lower occurrence of cardiometabolic diseases (OR=0.09; 95%CI: 0.01-0.61), overweight with lower occurrence of neuropsychological diseases (OR=0. 47; 95%CI: 0.26-0.87), while obese status was associated with higher occurrence of osteoarticular (OR=1.95; 95%CI: 1.08-3.52) and cardiometabolic (OR=3.02; 95%CI: 1.54-5.93) diseases. According to the Pan American Health Organization criteria, underweight was associated with lower occurrence of cardiometabolic diseases (OR=0.45; 95%CI: 0.22-0.91) and obese status with higher occurrence of osteoarticular (OR=1, 91; 95%CI: 1.16-3.15), cardiometabolic (OR=2.58; 95%CI: 1.36-4.85) and respiratory (OR=1.96; 95%CI: 1.16-3.16) diseases. Conclusion The classification criteria for BMI were negatively (underweight) and positively (excess weight) associated with the occurrence of NCD, exhibiting a stronger association when the overweight classification was differentiated from the obese classification. (BMI (NCD crosssectional cross sectional 36 variables measurements OR (OR 95 95%CI. 95CI CI 95%CI . (95%CI) varied 24.932.3%, 249323 24.9 32.3% , 24 9 32 3 (24.9-32.3%) 57.373.2% 573732 57.3 73.2% 57 73 2 (57.3-73.2% 1.915.3%. 19153 1.9 15.3% 1 15 (1.9-15.3%) OR=0.38 OR038 0 38 (OR=0.38 0.150.93 015093 0.15 0.93 93 0.15-0.93 OR=0.42 OR042 42 (OR=0.42 0.19 019 19 0.94 094 94 0.94) OR=2.26 OR226 26 (OR=2.26 1.303.93. 130393 1.30 3.93 30 1.30-3.93) OR=0.09 OR009 09 (OR=0.09 0.010.61, 001061 0.01 0.61 01 61 0.01-0.61) OR=0. OR0 (OR=0 47 0.260.87, 026087 0.26 0.87 87 0.26-0.87) OR=1.95 OR195 (OR=1.95 1.083.52 108352 1.08 3.52 08 52 1.08-3.52 OR=3.02 OR302 02 (OR=3.02 1.545.93 154593 1.54 5.93 54 5 1.54-5.93 OR=0.45 OR045 45 (OR=0.45 0.220.91 022091 0.22 0.91 22 91 0.22-0.91 OR=1, OR1 (OR=1 1.163.15, 116315 1.16 3.15 16 1.16-3.15) OR=2.58 OR258 58 (OR=2.58 1.364.85 136485 1.36 4.85 4 85 1.36-4.85 OR=1.96 OR196 96 (OR=1.96 1.163.16 116316 3.16 1.16-3.16 (underweight (95%CI 932 24.932.3% 24932 249 24. 323 32.3 (24.9-32.3% 373 57.373.2 57373 573 57. 732 73.2 7 (57.3-73.2 915 1.915.3% 1915 1. 153 15.3 (1.9-15.3% OR=0.3 OR03 (OR=0.3 150 0.150.9 01509 015 0.1 093 0.9 0.15-0.9 OR=0.4 OR04 (OR=0.4 OR=2.2 OR22 (OR=2.2 303 1.303.93 13039 130 1.3 393 3.9 1.30-3.93 OR=0.0 OR00 (OR=0.0 010 0.010.61 00106 001 0.0 061 0.6 6 0.01-0.61 OR=0 (OR= 260 0.260.87 02608 026 0.2 087 0.8 8 0.26-0.87 OR=1.9 OR19 (OR=1.9 083 1.083.5 10835 108 1.0 352 3.5 1.08-3.5 OR=3.0 OR30 (OR=3.0 545 1.545.9 15459 154 1.5 593 5.9 1.54-5.9 220 0.220.9 02209 022 091 0.22-0.9 OR=1 163 1.163.15 11631 116 1.1 315 3.1 1.16-3.15 OR=2.5 OR25 (OR=2.5 364 1.364.8 13648 136 485 4.8 1.36-4.8 1.163.1 316 1.16-3.1 24.932.3 2493 32. (24.9-32.3 37 57.373. 5737 73. (57.3-73. 1.915.3 191 15. (1.9-15.3 0.150. 0150 0. 0.15-0. OR=2. OR2 (OR=2. 1.303.9 1303 13 39 3. 1.30-3.9 0.010.6 0010 00 06 0.01-0.6 OR= 0.260.8 0260 0.26-0.8 OR=1. (OR=1. 1.083. 1083 10 35 1.08-3. OR=3. OR3 (OR=3. 1.545. 1545 59 5. 1.54-5. 0.220. 0220 0.22-0. 1163 11 31 1.364. 1364 48 4. 1.36-4. 1.163. 1.16-3. 24.932. (24.9-32. 57.373 (57.3-73 1.915. (1.9-15. 0.150 0.15-0 OR=2 (OR=2 1.303. 1.30-3. 0.010. 0.01-0. 0.260. 0.26-0. 1.083 1.08-3 OR=3 (OR=3 1.545 1.54-5 0.220 0.22-0 1.364 1.36-4 1.163 1.16-3 24.932 (24.9-32 57.37 (57.3-7 1.915 (1.9-15 0.15- 1.303 1.30-3 0.010 0.01-0 0.260 0.26-0 1.08- 1.54- 0.22- 1.36- 1.16- 24.93 (24.9-3 (57.3- 1.91 (1.9-1 1.30- 0.01- 0.26- (24.9- (57.3 (1.9- (24.9 (57. (1.9 (24. (57 (1. (24 (5 (1 (2 (

Resumo Objetivo Verificar a associação entre estado nutricional segundo diferentes pontos de corte para índice de massa corporal (IMC) e ocorrência de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT) em idosos. Métodos Estudo transversal, realizado com 365 idosos de ambos os sexos, utilizando-se um questionário contendo variáveis sobre saúde e medidas de peso e estatura. A associação entre classificação do estado nutricional pelo IMC e ocorrência de DCNT foi estimada pelo Odds Ratio (OR) e Intervalos de 95% de Confiança (IC95%). Resultados A partir dos critérios de classificação do IMC, o estado nutricional variou entre: adequado (24,9%-32,3%), excesso de peso (57,3%-73,2%) e baixo peso (1,9%-15,3%). Segundo a classificação do estado nutricional por Lipschitz, o baixo peso se associou à menor ocorrência de doenças osteoarticulares (OR=0,38; IC95%:0,15-0,93) e cardiometabólicas (OR=0,42; IC95%:0,19-0,94); o sobrepeso se associou à maior ocorrência de doenças cardiometabólicas (OR=2,26; IC95%:1,30-3,93). Segundo critérios da Organização Mundial de Saúde, o baixo peso se associou à menor ocorrência de doenças cardiometabólicas (OR=0,09; IC95%:0,01-0,61), sobrepeso à menor ocorrência de doenças neuropsicológicas (OR=0,47; IC95%:0,26-0,87), obesidade à maior ocorrência de doenças osteoarticulares (OR=1,95; IC95%:1,08-3,52) e cardiometabólicas (OR=3,02; IC95%: 1,54-5,93). Pelos critérios da Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde, o baixo peso se associou à menor ocorrência de doenças cardiometabólicas (OR=0,45; IC95%:0,22-0,91), obesidade à maior ocorrência de doenças osteoarticulares (OR=1,91; IC95%:1,16-3,15), cardiometabólicas (OR=2,58; IC95%:1,36-4,85) e respiratórias (OR=1,96; IC95%:1,16-3,16). Conclusão Os critérios de classificação do IMC associaram-se negativamente (baixo peso) e positivamente (excesso de peso) à ocorrência de DCNT, verificando-se maior força na associação quando se diferenciou sobrepeso de obesidade. (IMC (DCNT transversal 36 sexos utilizandose utilizando estatura OR (OR 95 IC95%. IC95 IC IC95% . (IC95%) 24,9%32,3%, 249323 24,9% 32,3% , 24 9 32 3 (24,9%-32,3%) 57,3%73,2% 573732 57,3% 73,2% 57 73 2 (57,3%-73,2% 1,9%15,3%. 19153 1,9% 15,3% 1 15 (1,9%-15,3%) Lipschitz OR=0,38 OR038 0 38 (OR=0,38 IC95%0,150,93 IC95015093 0,15 0,93 93 IC95%:0,15-0,93 OR=0,42 OR042 42 (OR=0,42 IC95%0,190,94 IC95019094 0,19 0,94 19 94 IC95%:0,19-0,94) OR=2,26 OR226 26 (OR=2,26 IC95%1,303,93. IC95130393 1,30 3,93 30 IC95%:1,30-3,93) Saúde OR=0,09 OR009 09 (OR=0,09 IC95%0,010,61, IC95001061 0,01 0,61 01 61 IC95%:0,01-0,61) OR=0,47 OR047 47 (OR=0,47 IC95%0,260,87, IC95026087 0,26 0,87 87 IC95%:0,26-0,87) OR=1,95 OR195 (OR=1,95 IC95%1,083,52 IC95108352 1,08 3,52 08 52 IC95%:1,08-3,52 OR=3,02 OR302 02 (OR=3,02 1,545,93. 154593 1,54 5,93 54 5 1,54-5,93) PanAmericana Pan Americana OR=0,45 OR045 45 (OR=0,45 IC95%0,220,91, IC95022091 0,22 0,91 22 91 IC95%:0,22-0,91) OR=1,91 OR191 (OR=1,91 IC95%1,163,15, IC95116315 1,16 3,15 16 IC95%:1,16-3,15) OR=2,58 OR258 58 (OR=2,58 IC95%1,364,85 IC95136485 1,36 4,85 4 85 IC95%:1,36-4,85 OR=1,96 OR196 96 (OR=1,96 IC95%1,163,16. IC95116316 3,16 IC95%:1,16-3,16) associaramse associaram verificandose verificando IC9 (IC95% 24,9%32,3% 24932 249 24,9 323 32,3 (24,9%-32,3% 57,3%73,2 57373 573 57,3 732 73,2 7 (57,3%-73,2 1,9%15,3% 1915 1,9 153 15,3 (1,9%-15,3% OR=0,3 OR03 (OR=0,3 150 IC95%0,150,9 IC9501509 015 0,1 093 0,9 IC95%:0,15-0,9 OR=0,4 OR04 (OR=0,4 190 IC95%0,190,9 IC9501909 019 094 IC95%:0,19-0,94 OR=2,2 OR22 (OR=2,2 303 IC95%1,303,93 IC9513039 130 1,3 393 3,9 IC95%:1,30-3,93 OR=0,0 OR00 (OR=0,0 010 IC95%0,010,61 IC9500106 001 0,0 061 0,6 6 IC95%:0,01-0,61 260 IC95%0,260,87 IC9502608 026 0,2 087 0,8 8 IC95%:0,26-0,87 OR=1,9 OR19 (OR=1,9 083 IC95%1,083,5 IC9510835 108 1,0 352 3,5 IC95%:1,08-3,5 OR=3,0 OR30 (OR=3,0 545 1,545,93 15459 154 1,5 593 5,9 1,54-5,93 220 IC95%0,220,91 IC9502209 022 091 IC95%:0,22-0,91 163 IC95%1,163,15 IC9511631 116 1,1 315 3,1 IC95%:1,16-3,15 OR=2,5 OR25 (OR=2,5 364 IC95%1,364,8 IC9513648 136 485 4,8 IC95%:1,36-4,8 IC95%1,163,16 316 IC95%:1,16-3,16 (IC95 24,9%32,3 2493 24, 32, (24,9%-32,3 57,3%73, 5737 57, 73, (57,3%-73, 1,9%15,3 191 1, 15, (1,9%-15,3 OR=0, OR0 (OR=0, IC95%0,150, IC950150 0, IC95%:0,15-0, IC95%0,190, IC950190 IC95%:0,19-0,9 OR=2, OR2 (OR=2, IC95%1,303,9 IC951303 13 39 3, IC95%:1,30-3,9 IC95%0,010,6 IC950010 00 06 IC95%:0,01-0,6 IC95%0,260,8 IC950260 IC95%:0,26-0,8 OR=1, OR1 (OR=1, IC95%1,083, IC951083 10 35 IC95%:1,08-3, OR=3, OR3 (OR=3, 1,545,9 1545 59 5, 1,54-5,9 IC95%0,220,9 IC950220 IC95%:0,22-0,9 IC95%1,163,1 IC951163 11 31 IC95%:1,16-3,1 IC95%1,364, IC951364 48 4, IC95%:1,36-4, (IC9 24,9%32, (24,9%-32, 57,3%73 (57,3%-73 1,9%15, (1,9%-15, OR=0 (OR=0 IC95%0,150 IC95015 IC95%:0,15-0 IC95%0,190 IC95019 IC95%:0,19-0, OR=2 (OR=2 IC95%1,303, IC95130 IC95%:1,30-3, IC95%0,010, IC95001 IC95%:0,01-0, IC95%0,260, IC95026 IC95%:0,26-0, OR=1 (OR=1 IC95%1,083 IC95108 IC95%:1,08-3 OR=3 (OR=3 1,545, 1,54-5, IC95%0,220, IC95022 IC95%:0,22-0, IC95%1,163, IC95116 IC95%:1,16-3, IC95%1,364 IC95136 IC95%:1,36-4 (IC 24,9%32 (24,9%-32 57,3%7 (57,3%-7 1,9%15 (1,9%-15 OR= (OR= IC95%0,15 IC9501 IC95%:0,15- IC95%0,19 IC95%:0,19-0 IC95%1,303 IC9513 IC95%:1,30-3 IC95%0,010 IC9500 IC95%:0,01-0 IC95%0,260 IC9502 IC95%:0,26-0 IC95%1,08 IC9510 IC95%:1,08- 1,545 1,54-5 IC95%0,220 IC95%:0,22-0 IC95%1,163 IC9511 IC95%:1,16-3 IC95%1,36 IC95%:1,36- 24,9%3 (24,9%-3 (57,3%- 1,9%1 (1,9%-1 IC95%0,1 IC950 IC95%:0,15 IC95%:0,19- IC95%1,30 IC951 IC95%:1,30- IC95%0,01 IC95%:0,01- IC95%0,26 IC95%:0,26- IC95%1,0 IC95%:1,08 1,54- IC95%0,22 IC95%:0,22- IC95%1,16 IC95%:1,16- IC95%1,3 IC95%:1,36 (24,9%- (57,3% (1,9%- IC95%0, IC95%:0,1 IC95%:0,19 IC95%:1,30 IC95%0,0 IC95%:0,01 IC95%0,2 IC95%:0,26 IC95%1, IC95%:1,0 IC95%:0,22 IC95%1,1 IC95%:1,16 IC95%:1,3 (24,9% (57,3 (1,9% IC95%0 IC95%:0, IC95%:0,0 IC95%:0,2 IC95%1 IC95%:1, IC95%:1,1 (24,9 (57, (1,9 IC95%:0 IC95%:1 (24, (57 (1, (24 (5 (1 (2 (

Resumen Introducción: El índice glucémico (IG) cuantifica el aumento de la glucemia que se produce tras la ingesta de alimentos, en relación con la ingesta de glucosa. Ello podría modificarse con el consumo de alimentos funcionales, cuyos componentes afectan funciones del organismo de manera específica y positiva, promoviendo un efecto fisiológico o psicológico, más allá de su valor nutritivo tradicional. El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto glucémico de un pancake funcional elaborado a partir de una mezcla instantánea de avena. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio experimental, desarrollando la fórmula de pancake de avena, se midieron variables como fibra, pH y humedad; empleando cuatro tratamientos variando sus porcentajes de harina de trigo y harina de avena. Se evaluó el índice glucémico del mejor tratamiento de pancake en 7 sujetos, teniendo en cuenta la ingestión de 50 g de carbohidratos disponibles a partir de pancake de avena y como control 50 g de carbohidratos a partir de pan blanco. Se midió el índice glucémico del mejor tratamiento con el cálculo del área bajo la curva de la FAO. Resultados: El índice glucémico del nuevo producto fue bajo, con un 35,6% en promedio de los siete sujetos. Conclusiones: El pancake de avena es un alimento funcional con bajo índice glucémico y alto contenido en fibra, por tanto, se podría recomendar su consumo como opción saludable para la población en general.

Abstract Introduction: The glycemic index (GI) quantifies the increase in blood glucose that occurs after food intake, in relation to glucose intake. This could be modified with the consumption of functional foods, whose components affect body functions in a specific and positive way, promoting a physiological or psychological effect, beyond its traditional nutritional value. The objective was to evaluate the glycemic effect of a functional pancake made from an instant oatmeal mix. Methodology: An experimental study was carried out, developing the oat pancake formula, variables such as fiber, pH and humidity were measured; using four treatments varying their percentages of wheat flour and oatmeal. The glycemic index of the best pancake treatment was evaluated in 7 subjects, taking into account the ingestion of 50 g of available carbohydrates from oat pancake and 50 g of carbohydrates from white bread as a control. The inclusion criteria were according to the FAO methodology for determining the glycemic index through the area under the curve. Results: The glycemic index of the new product was low, with an average of 35.6% of the seven subjects. Conclusions: The oat pancake is a functional food with a low glycemic index and high fiber content, therefore, its consumption could be recommended as a healthy option for the general population.

Resumen Introducción: El envejecimiento es un proceso irreversible que genera aumento permanente de la población de 60 o más años. Esta población vulnerable, vive en condiciones de discapacidad, abandono, falta de atención y presenta enfermedades asociadas con su estado nutricional, esto hace necesario determinarlo de forma adecuada. Objetivo: Analizar la concordancia entre diferentes criterios de clasificación nutricional según el Índice de Masa Corporal, a partir de una encuesta poblacional de envejecimiento, Colombia 2015. Material y métodos: Se utilizaron cuatro criterios y la concordancia entre las categorías del estado nutricional. Se calculó con los índices de Kappa directo y ponderado. Resultados: Las concordancias fueron moderadas y buenas, la menor proporción de bajo peso (3,4%) se obtuvo utilizando el criterio Organización Mundial de la Salud y la más alta (22,6%) con Organización Panamericana de Salud (p<0,05). El bajo peso se incrementa a medida que aumenta la edad, mientras el exceso de peso disminuye. Conclusiones: La clasificación nutricional cambia según el criterio y puntos de corte, el de la Sociedad Española de Nutrición Parenteral y Enteral, tuvo la mayor concordancia comparado con el de la Organización Mundial de la Salud y mejor capacidad para detectar deficiencia nutricional en la población adulta mayor.

Abstract Introduction: Aging is an irreversible process that generates a permanent increase in the 60 and older population. This vulnerable population lives in conditions of disability, neglect, lack of attention, and they present with illnesses related to their nutritional status, which is why it is necessary to understand it fully. Objective: To analyze the accordance between different criteria of nutritional classification according to the Body Mass Index, using an aging population survey, Colombia 2015. Materials and methods: Four criteria were used as well as accordance between categories of nutritional status. Direct and weighted Kappa indices were calculated. Results: The accordance was moderate and good, the lowest proportion of low weight (3.4%) was obtained using the World Health Organization criteria and the highest (22.6%) with the Pan American Health Organization (p<0.05). Low weight is increased as one ages, while excessive weight decreases. Conclusions: Nutritional classification changes depending on the criteria and cut-off points. The criteria of the Spanish Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition had the highest accordance with the World Health Organization and the best capacity in detecting nutritional deficiency in the older adult population.

ABSTRACT In this article we present an estimation of a series of average real wages in the period of state-led industrialization for blue-collar men and women. The series has been calculated from a new primary source, the Yearbooks of the Workers Insurance Fund and the Social Security Service and revised with a price index due to the control price policies and the emergence of a black market in the later years. The results show that the wage series had little capacity of growth and remain stagnant for much of the period and subject to price rises. Comparison of output per worker with the series of wages adjusted by the CPI and by the output deflator reveals a large gap in growth rates, showing an unequal distribution of both growth gains and the effects of economic imbalances, expressed in inflation.

RESUMEN En este artículo se presenta la estimación de una serie de salarios medios reales para obreros y obreras en el período de industrialización dirigida por el Estado. La serie ha sido calculada a partir de los Anuarios de la Caja de Seguro Obrero Obligatorio y el Servicio de Seguro Social, y ajustada por un índice de precios corregido dada la fijación de precios y el mercado negro. Esta nueva serie nos muestra unos salarios con poca capacidad de crecimiento, que se mantienen estancados durante gran parte del período y a merced de los incrementos de precios que se acumulan en estos años. La comparación del producto por trabajador con la serie de salarios ajustada por IPC y por el deflactor del producto muestra una gran brecha en las tasas de crecimiento, dando cuenta de una desigual distribución tanto de las ganancias del crecimiento como de los efectos de los desequilibrios económicos, expresados en la inflación.

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Pre-pregnancy nutritional status measured through BMI (body mass index) is related to fetal growth, birth weight and neonatal mortality rate. Overweight and obesity are public health problems involving more than 650 million adults worldwide. When women become pregnant, this problem needs to be addressed during prenatal controls. In Argentina, the Perinatal Information System (SIP) published by the Latin American Center for Perinatology (CLAP) of the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)/World Health Organization (WHO) is the largest perinatal database for medical records and provides information for public policy decision-making. The purpose of this study was to evaluate, using BMI, the nutritional status at the beginning of pregnancy in women attending public hospitals in the 24 provinces of Argentina METHODS Anthropometric measurements from the SIP for 2012-2017were processed RESULTS A total of 4.3% of women had low BMI, 56.5% had a normal weight, and 24.4% and 14.7% were overweight or obese, respectively, and regional variations were observed. A sustained increase in obesity was observed, going from 12.2% in 2012 to 17.5% in 2017 DISCUSSION The time series 2012-2017 shows a sustained and statistically significant increase in obesity among women starting pregnancy

RESUMEN INTRODUCCIÓN El estado nutricional materno medido como IMC (índice de masa corporal) se asocia al crecimiento fetal, al peso del recién nacido y a la morbimortalidad feto-neonatal. El sobrepeso y la obesidad son un problema de salud pública, que involucra a más de 650 millones de adultos en el mundo. Cuando llega el embarazo, este problema se encuentra instalado y hace necesaria la atención durante el cuidado prenatal. En Argentina, el Sistema Informático Perinatal (SIP) del Centro Latinoamericano de Perinatología (CLAP) de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS)/Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) es el mayor registro de historias clínicas perinatales y provee información para la toma de decisiones político-sanitarias. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar, mediante el IMC al inicio del embarazo, el estado nutricional en mujeres embarazadas que asisten a hospitales públicos de las 24 jurisdicciones del país MÉTODOS Se procesaron datos antropométricos registrados en el SIP de la serie histórica 2012-2017 RESULTADOS El 4,3% de las mujeres evidenciaron bajo IMC, hubo 56,5% de normopeso, y el sobrepeso y obesidad presentaron prevalencias de 24,4% y 14,7%, respectivamente, con variaciones regionales. Se encontró un aumento sostenido de la obesidad, del 12,2% en 2012 al 17,5% en 2017 DISCUSIÓN La serie histórica 2012-2017 muestra claramente un aumento sostenido y estadísticamente significativo de la obesidad en mujeres que inician su embarazo. ^s+

ABSTRACT Introduction: Lifestyle Medicine in the management of chronic diseases such as obesity is essential to reduce cardiovascular risk and to reverse the disease process 1. Objective: To determine if a Lifestyle Medicine program can reduce cardiovascular risk in obese adults in Colombia. Methods: Descriptive observational study cases series type followed for 6 months in a Lifestyle Medicine Clinic. 9 patients were included taking into account 2 measures of cardiovascular risk as a parameter to complete the program. The following measurements were taken: cardiovascular risk using the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) calculator, Body Mass Index (BMI), lipid profile, history of smoking, history of diabetes, and systolic blood pressure. Results: Of the 9 obese patients, 22% had an intermediate cardiovascular risk and 78% had a low risk at the beginning of the study. After 6 months, it was achieved that 100% of the participants had a low cardiovascular risk; Furthermore, 11% of the patients managed to normalize their blood pressure values and 20% showed a decrease in high blood pressure values. In addition, 22% went from type 3 obesity to type 2 obesity. Finally, through psychological consultation, it was possible to reduce anxiety levels from high to intermediate in at least 44% of the participants. Conclusions: The Lifestyle Medicine program, in a group of obese patients, managed to achieve a low cardiovascular risk, the decrease and normalization of blood pressure figures and reduction in BMI in participants who completed the study.

RESUMEN Introducción: La Medicina de estilo de vida en el manejo de enfermedades crónicas como la obesidad, es fundamental para disminuir el riesgo cardiovascular y para revertir el proceso de enfermedad1. Objetivo: Determinar si un programa de Medicina de Estilo de Vida logra disminuir el riesgo cardiovascular en adultos obesos de Colombia. Metodología: Estudio observacional descriptivo tipo serie de casos seguidos por 6 meses en una Clínica de Medicina de Estilo de Vida. Se incluyeron 9 pacientes teniendo en cuenta 2 medidas del riesgo cardiovascular como parámetro para completar el programa. Se tomaron los siguientes mediciones: el riesgo cardiovascular mediante la calculadora de la organización panamericana de la Salud (OPS), Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC), perfil lipídico, antecedentes de tabaquismo, antecedentes de diabetes y presión arterial sistólica. Resultados: De los 9 pacientes obesos, el 22% tuvo un riesgo cardiovascular intermedio y 78% presentaron riesgo bajo al inicio del estudio. Luego de 6 meses, se logró que el 100% de los participantes tuvieran un riesgo cardiovascular bajo; además, el 11% de los pacientes lograron normalizar los valores de presión arterial y un 20% evidenciaron disminución de valores elevados de presión arterial. Además, el 22%, pasaron de obesidad tipo 3 a obesidad tipo 2. Por último, mediante la consulta psicológica se logró disminuir los niveles de ansiedad de alto a intermedio en al menos el 44% de los participantes. Conclusiones: El programa de Medicina de Estilo de vida, en un grupo de obesos, logró disminuir el riesgo cardiovascular, logrando la disminución y normalización de las cifras tensionales y la reducción del IMC en los participantes que concluyeron el estudio.

SUMMARY: Six Lonchura striata and six Copsychus saularis birds were selected in this study, morphological index of the small intestine was measured by quantitative biology and image analysis. The changes of goblet cells and Na+/K+ATPase were detected by AB-PAS staining and ELISA to inform the different mechanisms of the digestion and absorption of nutrients between the Lonchura striata and Copsychus saularis. The villus height, crypt depth and muscle thickness of each segment of small intestine of Lonchura striata were smaller than those of Copsychus saularis, and the difference of ileum muscle thickness was significant. In addition, the ileum villus height/crypt depth (VH/CD) value of Lonchura striata was significantly less than that of Copsychus saularis. The number of goblet cells in duodenum and jejunum of Lonchura striata and Copsychus saularis had no significant difference, but the number of goblet cells in ileum of Copsychus saularis was significantly larger than that of Lonchura striata. The vitality of Na+/K+-ATPase in different intestinal segments of the Lonchura striata and the Copsychus saularis was different. The vitality of Na+/K+-ATPase in the Lonchura striata was significantly higher than that of the Copsychus saularis. It can be concluded that the digestion and absorption capacity of Copsychus saularis and Lonchura striata are significantly different, and the reason may be due to their different diets and intestinal floras.

RESUMEN: En este estudio se seleccionaron seis aves Lonchura striata y seis Copsychus saularis, a las cuales se midió mediante biología cuantitativa y análisis de imágenes el índice morfológico del intestino delgado. Los cambios de las células caliciformes y Na+/K+ATPasa se detectaron mediante tinción AB- PAS y ELISA para informar los diferentes mecanismos de digestión y absorción de nutrientes entre Lonchura striata y Copsychus saularis. La altura de las vellosidades, la profundidad de las criptas y el grosor del músculo de cada segmento del intestino delgado de Lonchura striata fueron menores que los de Copsychus saularis, y se observó una diferencia significativa en el grosor de la músculatura del íleon. Además, el valor de la altura de la vellosidad del íleon/profundidad de la cripta (VH/CD) de Lonchura striata fue significativamente menor que el de Copsychus saularis. En el número de células caliciformes del duodeno y del yeyuno de Lonchura striata y Copsychus saularis no hubo una diferencia significativa, pero el número de células caliciformes en el íleon de Copsychus saularis fue significativamente mayor que el de Lonchura striata. Hubo diferencias en la vitalidad de Na+/K+-ATPasa en diferentes segmentos intestinales de Lonchura striata y Copsychus saularis. La vitalidad de Na+/K+-ATPasa en Lonchura striata fue significativamente mayor que la de Copsychus saularis. Se puede concluir que la capacidad de digestión y absorción de Copsychus saularis y Lonchura striata son significativamente diferentes, posiblemente debido a sus distintas dietas y floras intestinales.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o consumo de alimentos processados e ultraprocessados em adultos paraguaios e sua relação com a qualidade de vida e qualidade do sono. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo observacional descritivo transversal em adultos paraguaios em maio de 2022. Foi aplicado um questionário online onde foram questionados datos sociodemográficos, frequência de consumo alimentar pela classificação NOVA e critérios da Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde, qualidade de vida avaliada pelo Qualidade de Vida Europeia-5 Dimensões - foram coletados e relato de horas de sono. Resultados: Foram incluídas no estudo 273 paraguaios, das quais 71,1% eram do sexo feminino, 51,6% residiam na capital, 53,1% eram solteiras, 66,0% tinham nível universitário e a média de idade foi de 36,48±13,2 anos. Em relação ao consumo de alimentos processados e ultraprocessados, os nutrientes críticos mais consumidos diariamente foram os açúcares livres por 34.0% e as gorduras por 23,4% da população. O índice global de qualidade de vida foi baixo (0,58±0,05) e 69.0% relataram horas insuficientes de sono. Foram encontradas relações estatisticamente significativas entre o consumo de alimentos processados e ultraprocessados com qualidade de vida e qualidade do sono (p<0,05 para ambos). Conclusão: Os nutrientes críticos mais consumidos na população adulta paraguaia são os açúcares e gorduras livres, encontrando uma relação significativa entre o consumo de alimentos processados e ultraprocessados com a qualidade de vida e qualidade do sono.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the consumption of processed and ultra-processed foods in Paraguayan adults and its relationship with quality of life and sleep quality. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive observational study was carried out on Paraguayan adults in May 2022. An online survey was applied in which sociodemographic data, frequency of food consumption using the NOVA classification and Pan American Health Organization criteria, quality of life evaluated by the European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions and report of hours of sleep were collected. Results: A total of 273 Paraguayan adults were included in the study, of which 71.1% were female, 51.6% lived in the capital, 53.1% were single, 66% had a university educational level and the average age was 36.48±13.2. Regarding the consumption of processed and ultra-processed foods, the critical nutrients most consumed daily were free sugars by 34.0%, and fats by 23.4% of the population. The global quality of life index was low (0,58±0,05) and 69.0% reported insufficient hours of sleep. Statistically significant relationships were found between the consumption of processed and ultra-processed foods with quality of life and quality of sleep (p<0.05 for both). Conclusion: The most consumed critical nutrients in the Paraguayan adult population are free sugars and fats, finding a significant relationship between the consumption of processed and ultra-processed foods with quality of life and quality of sleep.

Abstract INTRODUCTION: To better understand trends in the main cause of death in Brazil, we sought to analyze the burden of cardiovascular risk factors (RF) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) attributable to specific RFs in Brazil from 1990 to 2019, using the estimates from the GBD 2019 study. METHODS: To estimate RF exposure, the Summary Exposure Value (SEV) was used, whereas for disease burden attributed to RF, mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALY) due to CVD were used. For comparisons over time and between states, we compared age-standardized rates. The sociodemographic index (SDI) was used as a marker of socioeconomic conditions. RESULTS: In 2019, 83% of CVD mortality in Brazil was attributable to RF. For SEV, there was a reduction in smoking and environmental RF, but an increase in metabolic RF. High systolic blood pressure and dietary risks continue to be the main RF for CVD mortality and DALY. While there was a decline in age-standardized mortality rates attributable to the evaluated RF, there was also a stability or increase in crude mortality rates, with the exception of smoking. It is important to highlight the increase in the risk of death attributable to a high body mass index. Regarding the analysis per state, SEVs and mortality attributable to RF were higher in those states with lower SDIs. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the reduction in CVD mortality and DALY rates attributable to RF, the stability or increase in crude rates attributable to metabolic RFs is worrisome, requiring investments and a renewal of health policies.

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Monitoring trends in risk factors (RFs) and the burden of diseases attributable to exposure to RFs is an important measure to identify public health advances and current inadequate efforts. Objective: Analyze the global burden of disease attributable to exposure RFs in Brazil, and its changes from 1990 to 2019, according to the sex and age group. METHODS: This study used data from the Global Burden of Disease study. The Summary Exposure Value, which represents weighted prevalence by risk, was used to estimate exposure to RFs. The mortality and DALYs (Disability Adjusted Life Years) measurements were used to estimate the burden of diseases. For comparisons by year and between Brazilian states, age-standardized rates were used. RESULTS: Arterial hypertension was the factor responsible for most deaths in both sexes. For DALYs, the most important RF was the high body mass index (BMI) for women and alcohol consumption for men. Smoking had a substantial reduction in the attributable burden of deaths in the period. An important reduction was identified in the exposure to RFs related to socioeconomic development, such as unsafe water, lack of sanitation, and child malnutrition. Metabolic RFs, such as high BMI, hypertension, and alcohol consumption showed an increase in the attributable burden. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings point to an increase in metabolic RFs, which are the main RFs for mortality and DALYs. These results can help to consolidate and strengthen public policies that promote healthy lifestyles, thus reducing disease and death.