Abstract Chinese migration has been driven by migration policies in Colombia contributing to factors such as the strengthening of diplomacy, economic opportunities, cultural exchange, etc. Due to the cross-border opening, Colombia has been able to attract a significant number of Chinese migrants generating a favorable environment for new opportunities and improving their living conditions. The objective of this research was to analyze the local perspectives of Chinese migration in Colombia and its impact on local development. A descriptive quantitative approach methodology was implemented through a deductive method to deepen the perceptions and impact in the national context. The instrument entitled “PMI Universidad ECCI” was designed and validated corresponding to its centuries: Perspectives of International Migration which inquired in 15 items of three perspectives: economic, social and cultural perspectives evaluated on a Likert scale A sample of 93 professional experts in international trade was used. The findings revealed that Chinese migration has generated a significant impulse in the development of the Colombian national territory, providing employment and cultural diversity, likewise, a permanent cooperation between north and south is suggested, promoting solid foreign and migration policies that promote inclusion. Finally, it is concluded that there are challenges and opportunities in terms of integration and equity in local conditions for the strengthening of international relations between both countries.

Resumen La migración china ha sido impulsada por políticas migratorias en Colombia contribuyendo a factores como el fortalecimiento de la diplomacia, oportunidades económicas, intercambio cultural, etc. Debido a la apertura transfronteriza, Colombia ha logrado atraer a un número significativo de migrantes chinos generando un ambiente propicio para nuevas oportunidades y mejorar sus condiciones de vida. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo el análisis de las perspectivas locales de la migración china en Colombia y su impacto en el desarrollo local. Se implementó una metodología de enfoque cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo por medio de un método deductivo para profundizar las percepciones e impacto en el contexto nacional. Se diseñó y validó el instrumento titulado “PMI Universidad ECCI” correspondientes a sus siglas: Perspectivas de la Migración Internacional el cual indagó en 15 ítems de tres perspectivas: económica, social y perspectivas culturales evaluadas en una escala Likert. Se utilizó una muestra de 93 profesionales expertos en comercio internacional. Los hallazgos revelaron que la migración china ha generado un impulso significativo en el desarrollo del territorio nacional colombiano, aportando empleo y diversidad cultural, asimismo, se sugiere una cooperación permanente dada entre norte-sur promoviendo políticas exteriores y de migración sólidas que fomenten la inclusión. Finalmente se concluye que existen desafíos y oportunidades en términos de integración y equidad en condiciones locales para el fortalecimiento de las relaciones internacionales entre ambos países.

Abstract The authors conducted a prospective observational study to investigate the prognostic value of high-sensitivity Troponin I (hs-TnI) in the short- and long-term periods after orthopedic surgery, including Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty (THA and TKA, respectively), in a tertiary orthopedic center in Brazil. Perioperative Myocardial Injury (PMI) was defined as an absolute increase in hs-TnI of ≥ 26 ng/L above preoperative values. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality assessed at 30 days and 18 months after surgery. The secondary endpoint consisted of a composite outcome: cardiovascular death, acute myocardial infarction, angina requiring revascularization, and/or stroke. The authors compared Relative Risks (RR) of all-cause mortality and composite outcomes in patients with or without PMI at 30 days and 18 months. A Cox proportional hazards model for long-term outcomes was calculated and adjusted for age > 70 years, gender, and Revised Cardiac Risk Index (RCRI) class ≥ 2. PMI occurred in 3.4 % of all surgeries. At 30-days, 6.6 % of patients with PMI had died versus none without PMI. At 18 months, 20.0 % of PMI versus 4.7 % without PMI had died (RR = 5.0; 95 % Confidence Interval [95 % CI 1.3-19.3]). Based on composite outcomes in short and long-term periods, the RRs were 16.2 (95 % CI 2.7-96.5) and 7.7 (95 % CI 2.2-26.6), respectively. PMI was associated with all-cause mortality after 18 months and increased risk for a composite outcome (Hazard Ratio [HR = 3.97], 95 % CI 1.13-13.89 and HR = 5.80, 95 % CI 1.93-17.45, respectively). Patients with PMI who underwent THA or TKA presented worse short- and long-term prognoses compared to those without PMI. highsensitivity high sensitivity hsTnI hs TnI (hs-TnI longterm long term surgery respectively, respectively , respectively) Brazil (PMI 2 ngL ng L values allcause cause 3 1 death infarction revascularization andor stroke RR 7 years gender RCRI (RCRI 34 4 3. surgeries 30days, 30days days, 30-days 66 6 6. 200 20 0 20. 47 4. 5.0 50 5 9 [9 1.319.3. 13193 1.3 19.3 . 19 1.3-19.3]) 162 16 16. (9 2.796.5 27965 2.7 96.5 96 2.7-96.5 77 7. 2.226.6, 22266 2.2 26.6 2.2-26.6) Hazard 3.97, 397 3.97 97 3.97] 1.1313.89 1131389 1.13 13.89 13 89 1.13-13.8 580 80 5.80 1.9317.45, 1931745 1.93 17.45, 93 17 45 1.93-17.45 5. [ 319 1.319.3 1319 1. 193 19. 1.3-19.3] ( 796 2.796. 2796 27 965 96. 2.7-96. 226 2.226.6 2226 22 266 26. 2.2-26.6 39 3.9 1313 1.1313.8 113138 113 1.1 1389 13.8 8 1.13-13. 58 5.8 9317 1.9317.45 193174 1.9 1745 17.45 1.93-17.4 31 1.319. 131 1.3-19.3 79 2.796 279 2.7-96 2.226. 222 2.2-26. 1.1313. 11313 11 138 13. 1.13-13 931 1.9317.4 19317 174 17.4 1.93-17. 1.319 1.3-19. 2.79 2.7-9 2.226 2.2-26 1.1313 1131 1.13-1 1.9317. 1931 17. 1.93-17 1.31 1.3-19 2.7- 2.22 2.2-2 1.131 1.13- 1.9317 1.93-1 1.3-1 2.2- 1.931 1.93- 1.3-

ABSTRACT Our objective was to evaluate the genetic potential of two maize populations derived from commercial hybrids for beginning a reciprocal recurrent selection (RRS) program. For this, 280 interpopulation half-sib (HS) progenies were produced from two populations (140 HS from each population), which were derived from the selfing of the commercial hybrids AS1598 (Pop1) and RB9210 (Pop2). We then evaluated the 280 HS progenies, the two base populations, and the two hybrids for grain yield (GY) and ear and plant architecture traits in southwestern Goias during the 2020 winter season. Variance components and genetic values of each progeny were estimated using the REML/BLUP (Restricted Maximum Likelihood/Best Linear Unbiased Prediction) methodology. Genetic gains by selection of the top 20% of progenies were predicted using two strategies: i) selection for GY and ii) selection for GY and days to silking (DTS) simultaneously. We observed genetic variability in both populations for all tested traits; therefore, it is possible to obtain genetic gains from the interpopulation improvement of both Pop1 and Pop2. The genetic gain estimates with the selection based on GY were 9.03 and 3.45% for Pop1 and Pop2, respectively. Simultaneous selection for GY and DTS resulted in positive (>4%) genetic gains for GY in both populations and decreased the cycle in Pop1, but we did not observe any alteration of the cycle in Pop2. We concluded that both populations derived from commercial hybrids have genetic potential for interpopulation improvement using RRS. RRS (RRS program this 28 halfsib half sib (HS 140 (14 population, population , population) AS AS159 Pop (Pop1 RB RB921 Pop2 . (Pop2) (GY 202 season REMLBLUP REML BLUP Restricted LikelihoodBest Likelihood Best Prediction methodology 20 strategies i ii (DTS simultaneously therefore 903 9 03 9.0 345 3 45 3.45 respectively >4% 4 (>4% 2 14 (1 AS15 (Pop RB92 (Pop2 90 0 9. 34 3.4 >4 (>4 1 ( AS1 RB9 3. > (>

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial genético de duas populações de milho derivadas de híbridos comerciais para iniciar um programa de seleção recorrente recíproca (SRR). Para isso, 280 progênies de meios-irmãos (PMI) interpopulacionais foram obtidas de duas populações (140 PMI de cada população) derivadas da autofecundação dos híbridos comerciais AS1598 (Pop1) e RB9210 (Pop2). As 280 PMI, as duas populações e os dois híbridos foram avaliados para produtividade de grãos (PG) e seis caracteres de arquitetura de planta e de espiga em dois locais no Sudoeste de Goiás, na segunda safra de 2020. Os componentes de variância e os valores genéticos de cada progênie foram estimados pela metodologia REML/BLUP (Restricted Maximum Likelihood/Best Linear Unbiased Prediction). Os ganhos genéticos com a seleção de 20% das progênies superiores foram preditos usando duas estratégias: i) seleção truncada para PG e ii) seleção simultânea para PG e florescimento feminino (FF). Observou -se variabilidade genética nas duas populações para todos os caracteres avaliados. Consequentemente, é possível obter ganhos genéticos a partir do melhoramento interpopulacional das Pop1 e 2. As estimativas de ganhos com a seleção truncada para PG foram de 9,03% e 3,45% para as Pop1 e Pop2, respectivamente. A seleção simultânea para PG e FF resultou em ganhos positivos (>4%) para PG em ambas populações e redução no ciclo na Pop1, mas não houve alteração para ciclo na Pop2. Conclui-se que as duas populações derivadas de híbridos comerciais de milho têm potencial genético para o melhoramento interpopulacional com emprego de SRR. SRR . (SRR) isso 28 meiosirmãos meios irmãos (PMI 140 (14 população AS AS159 Pop (Pop1 RB RB921 Pop2 (Pop2) (PG Goiás 2020 REMLBLUP REML BLUP Restricted LikelihoodBest Likelihood Best Prediction. Prediction Prediction) 20 estratégias i ii FF. (FF) se Consequentemente 2 903 9 03 9,03 345 3 45 3,45 respectivamente >4% 4 (>4% Concluise Conclui (SRR 14 (1 AS15 (Pop RB92 (Pop2 202 (FF 90 0 9,0 34 3,4 >4 (>4 1 ( AS1 RB9 9, 3, > (>

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to compare hemodynamic performances and clinical outcomes of patients with small aortic annulus (SAA) who underwent aortic valve replacement by means of sutureless aortic valve replacement (SUAVR) or transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Methods: From 2015 to 2020, 622 consecutive patients with SAA underwent either SUAVR or TAVI. Through a 1:1 propensity score matching analysis, two homogeneous groups of 146 patients were formed. Primary endpoint: all cause-death at 36 months. Secondary endpoints: incidence of moderate to severe patient-prosthesis mismatch (PPM) and incidence of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) Results: All-cause death at three years was higher in the TAVI group (SUAVR 12.2% vs. TAVI 21.0%, P=0.058). Perioperatively, comparable hemodynamic performances were recorded in terms of indexed effective orifice area (SUAVR 1.12 ± 0.23 cm2/m2 vs. TAVI 1.17 ± 0.28 cm2/m2, P=0.265), mean transvalvular gradients (SUAVR 12.9 ± 5.3 mmHg vs. TAVI 12.2 ± 6.2 mmHg, P=0.332), and moderate-to-severe PPM (SUAVR 4.1% vs. TAVI 8.9%, P=0.096). TAVI group showed a higher cumulative incidence of MACCEs at 36 months (SUAVR 18.1% vs. TAVI 32.6%, P<0.001). Pacemaker implantation (PMI) and perivalvular leak ≥ 2 were significantly higher in TAVI group and identified as independent predictors of mortality (PMI: hazard ratio [HR] 3.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.34-6.94, P=0.008; PPM: HR 2.72, 95% CI 1.25-5.94, P=0.012). Conclusion: In patients with SAA, SUAVR and TAVI showed comparable hemodynamic performances. Moreover, all-cause death and incidence of MACCEs at follow-up were significantly higher in TAVI group. Objective (SAA . (TAVI) Methods 201 2020 62 11 1 1: analysis 14 formed endpoint causedeath cause 3 endpoints patientprosthesis patient prosthesis (PPM (MACCEs Results Allcause All 122 12 vs 210 21 0 21.0% P=0.058. P0058 P P=0.058 058 P=0.058) Perioperatively 112 1.1 023 23 0.2 cm2m2 cmm cm2 m2 cm m cm2/m 117 17 028 28 P=0.265, P0265 P=0.265 , 265 P=0.265) 129 9 12. 53 5 5. 6 6. P=0.332, P0332 P=0.332 332 P=0.332) moderatetosevere 41 4 4.1 89 8 8.9% P=0.096. P0096 P=0.096 096 P=0.096) 181 18 18.1 326 32 32.6% P<0.001. P0001 P<0.001 001 P<0.001) PMI (PMI [HR 305 05 3.05 95 [CI 1.346.94, 134694 1.34 6.94, 34 94 1.34-6.94 P=0.008 P0008 008 272 72 2.72 1.255.94, 125594 1.25 5.94, 25 1.25-5.94 P=0.012. P0012 P=0.012 012 P=0.012) Conclusion Moreover allcause followup follow up (TAVI 20 202 21.0 P005 P=0.05 1. 02 0. cm2m P026 P=0.26 26 P033 P=0.33 33 4. 8.9 P009 P=0.09 09 18. 32.6 P000 P<0.00 00 30 3.0 346 1.346.94 13469 134 1.3 694 6.94 1.34-6.9 P=0.00 27 7 2.7 255 1.255.94 12559 125 1.2 594 5.94 1.25-5.9 P001 P=0.01 01 21. P00 P=0.0 P02 P=0.2 P03 P=0.3 8. 32. P<0.0 3. 1.346.9 1346 13 69 6.9 1.34-6. 2. 1.255.9 1255 59 5.9 1.25-5. P0 P=0. P<0. 1.346. 1.34-6 1.255. 1.25-5 P=0 P<0 1.346 1.34- 1.255 1.25- P= P<

ABSTRACT Forensic entomology has been developing in Brazil in recent years. In cases where traditional forensic methods cannot accurately determine the postmortem interval (PMI), entomological evidence can be crucial. In this novel study, we present the first results of the Forensic Entomology Division at Santa Catarina Scientific Police, southern Brazil, formally established in January 2022. From Jan 2022 to July 2023, minimum PMI was calculated based on entomological evidence in 34 cases. A total of 21 species of insects (16 species of Diptera belonging to 6 families and 5 species of Coleoptera belonging to 4 families) were collected from human bodies at different decomposition stages and in different types of environments. The most abundant and relevant species to estimate PMI were: Chrysomya albiceps (in 38% of the cases), followed by Hermetia illucens (18%), Oxelytrum discicolle (14%), Chrysomya megacephala (12%) and Peckia (Pantonella) intermutans (12%). Some species were reported for the first time colonizing human corpses in Santa Catarina and used for the first time to estimate minimum PMI in Brazil. Understanding the entomofauna present on a human corpse becomes an important tool in death investigations and is essential for forensic entomology applications. Our findings provide better understanding of entomological evidence from Santa Catarina State and have important implications for the advancement of forensic entomology in Brazil. years PMI, , (PMI) crucial study Police 202 2023 3 2 16 (1 environments 38 cases, cases) 18%, 18 18% (18%) 14%, 14 14% (14%) 12% 12 (12% Pantonella (Pantonella 12%. . applications (PMI 20 1 ( (18% (14% (12 (18 (14

ABSTRACT The biological parameters of Necrobia rufipes (DeGeer, 1775) are estimated under controlled temperature and relative humidity. The adults, collected from industrial canine food at a supermarket in Campina Grande, state of Paraíba, Brazil, were taken to the Laboratory of Insect Systematics and Bioecology at the Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, in order to ascertain the matrix creation. The individuals were placed in boxes with hermetic sealing, each containing 20 adults, and were fed a diet of 1.8 g of fish flour, a slice of bacon, and four dog food pellets. A total of 160 eggs were individualized in the plastic recipient in a base of paper filter, covered with voil tissue, and secured with an elastic cord. The containers were placed in a B.O.D. camera at temperatures of 20, 24, 28, and 32 °C and relative humidity of 70%. The larvae received a diet composed of 0.45 g of fish flour, a slice of bacon, and dog food pellet. The development of phases was monitored daily. The life cycle from egg to adult was completed in four temperatures and encompassed four larval instars. The development speed at all stage phases was affected by temperature. Higher thermal conditions increase development speed and consequently reduce the duration of the immature and adult stages. The development of N. rufipes was completed at 20 and 32 °C, two temperatures that are not considered optimal for insect development. The fact that N. rufipes is a pest of storage grains, however, may explain why this insect is able to tolerate and develop under suboptimal temperatures. DeGeer, DeGeer (DeGeer 1775 adults Grande Paraíba Brazil creation sealing 2 18 1 8 1. flour bacon pellets 16 filter tissue cord BOD B O D B.O.D 24 28 3 C 70 70% 045 0 45 0.4 pellet daily instars stages N grains however 177 7 04 4 0. 17

ABSTRACT: The search for an ideal occlusion is one of the main objectives of rehabilitation treatments. For this to be fulfilled, some characteristics need to be present, based on this, the concept of "centric triad" has been constituted, which is defined as the coincidence between the physiological centric relation (CR), muscular contact position (MCP) and maximum intercuspal position (MIP), thus existing an optimal morphofunctional balance of the different components of the stomatognathic system. In this way, the need arises to analyze the concepts that involve the relationship between the different mandibular positions, within these concepts we find the "centric area", which due to its characteristics, it is attributed relevance and clinical utility when its application is understood. The objective of this study was to analyze the concept of centric area, update the associated occlusal concepts and propose new methodologies for its evaluation. Sometimes there are occlusal interferences that prevent the jaw from continuing its usual path to reach a certain position, these interferences are known as premature contacts, when they exist, the jaw naturally deviates towards a position of accommodation. Centric slide is defined as the movement of the mandible when it is in a retruded contact position unforced, that is, the contact position that occurs when the mandible closes in CR, until reaching MIP, this sliding occurs due to in the presence of premature contacts, when there are no premature contacts, this position will coincide with PMI. The centric area is defined as the slippage of the mandible between the retruded ligamentous position (RLP) and MIP. Ideally, the PMI occurs when the condyles are in CR and coincides with the MCP, there should always be a centric area, since physiologically no joint will naturally adopt an extreme position like PRL.

RESUMEN: La búsqueda de una oclusión ideal es uno de los principales objetivos de los tratamientos rehabilitadores. Para que esta se cumpla, es necesario que se presenten ciertas características, en base a esto, se ha constituido el concepto de “tríada en céntrica”, que se define como la coincidencia entre la relación céntrica fisiológica (RCF), posición muscular de contacto (PMC) y posición de máxima intercuspidación (PMI), existiendo de esta forma un equilibrio morfofuncional óptimo de los diferentes componentes del sistema estomatognático. Así nace la necesidad de analizar los conceptos que involucren la relación existente entre las distintas posiciones mandibulares, dentro de estos conceptos encontramos el “área de céntrica”, que debido a sus características, se le atribuye relevancia y utilidad clínica cuando se entiende su aplicación. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el concepto de área céntrica, actualizar los conceptos oclusales asociados y proponer nuevas metodologías para su evaluación. En ocasiones existen interferencias oclusales que impiden que la mandíbula continúe su recorrido habitual para llegar a determinada posición, estas interferencias se conocen como contactos prematuros, cuando estos existen, naturalmente la mandíbula se desvía hacia una posición de acomodo. El deslizamiento en céntrica se define como el movimiento de la mandíbula mientras se encuentra posición retruida de contacto no forzada, es decir, la posición de contacto que se produce cuando la mandíbula se cierra en RCF, hasta llegar a PMI, este deslizamiento se produce debido a la presencia de contactos prematuros, cuando no existen contactos prematuros, esta posición coincidirá con PMI. El área de céntrica se define como el deslizamiento de la mandíbula entre la posición retruída ligamentosa (PRL) y PMI. Idealmente, la PMI se da cuando los cóndilos están en RCF y coincide con la PMC, debe existir siempre un área de céntrica, pues fisiológicamente ninguna articulación adoptara naturalmente una posición extrema como la PRL.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The Pregnancy Mobility Index (PMI) was developed to assess mobility in pregnant women in the Netherlands. At present, no similar questionnaire is available in Brazil. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to translate, cross-culturally adapt, and evaluate the psychometric properties of a Brazilian PMI. DESIGN AND SETTING: The present study was a validation study conducted at the Universidade Federal do Paraná and a public maternity ward in Curitiba, Brazil. METHODS: Text translation and cross-cultural adaptation followed international guidelines. Construct validity, internal consistency, and inter- and intra-rater reliability tests included 97 women. The Pelvic Girdle Questionnaire, Multidimensional Pain Evaluation Scale, Schober’s test, and lumbar spine range of motion assessment were administered on the first day. Intra-rater reliability (n = 19) was measured after 15 days. Exploratory factor analysis was performed, and the correlation matrix was analyzed using Pearson’s coefficient. RESULTS: Pregnant women (88%) understood the cultural adaptation process. The internal consistency was high (Cronbach’s alpha > 0.90), construct validity was moderate, with significant correlation between lumbar spine range of motion (r = 0.283–0.369) and Schober’s test (r = -0.314), and high correlation between the Multidimensional Pain Evaluation Scale (r = -0.650 and -0.499) and Pelvic Girdle Questionnaire (r = -0.737). Intra- and inter-rater reliabilities were excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.932 and 0.990, respectively). CONCLUSION: The Brazilian version of the PMI was successfully translated with excellent reliability and moderate-to-high construct validity. It is an important tool for assessing mobility in pregnant women. CLINICAL TRIAL: RBR-789tps (Validation study), https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-789tps. BACKGROUND (PMI Netherlands Brazil OBJECTIVE translate crossculturally cross culturally adapt SETTING Curitiba METHODS crosscultural guidelines inter intrarater intra rater 9 Schobers Schober s day Intrarater Intra n 19 1 days performed Pearsons Pearson RESULTS 88% 88 (88% process Cronbachs Cronbach 0.90, 090 0.90 , 0 90 0.90) moderate r 0.283–0.369 02830369 283 369 0.314, 0314 0.314 314 -0.314) 0.650 0650 650 -0.65 0.499 0499 499 -0.499 0.737. 0737 0.737 . 737 -0.737) interrater intraclass 0932 932 0.93 0990 990 0.990 respectively. respectively respectively) CONCLUSION moderatetohigh TRIAL RBR789tps RBRtps RBR 789tps tps Validation study, study) https//ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR789tps. httpsensaiosclinicosgovbrrgRBR789tps httpsensaiosclinicosgovbrrgRBRtps https //ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR 789tps. ensaiosclinicos gov br rg https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-789tps 8 (88 09 0.9 0.283–0.36 0283036 28 36 031 0.31 31 -0.314 0.65 065 65 -0.6 0.49 049 49 -0.49 073 0.73 73 -0.737 093 93 099 99 0.99 https//ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR789tps httpsensaiosclinicosgovbrrgRBR ensaiosclinicosgovbrrgRBR (8 0. 0.283–0.3 028303 2 3 03 0.3 -0.31 0.6 06 6 -0. 0.4 04 4 -0.4 07 0.7 7 -0.73 ( 0.283–0. 02830 -0.3 -0 -0.7 0.283–0 0283 - 0.283– 028 0.283 02 0.28 0.2

ABSTRACT Introduction: incorporating functional aspects and the study of the temporomandibular joints (TMJ) to the orthodontic field, requires an initial examination of the TMJ, and from that position in centric relation (CR), make a diagnosis and plan the orthodontic treatment. Objective: to determine the possible association between slides from CR to the position of maximum intercuspation (PMI) with age, and to identify changes in occlusal variables as a consequence of the slide. Methods: a descriptive and correlational cross-sectional study was carried out, in the period from October 2018 to October 2019, at the Victoria de Santa Clara Teaching Clinic of Stomatological Specialties. An intentional, non-probabilistic sample of 30 young people between 15 and 19 years of age, with complete permanent dentition and abnormal sliding from RC to PMI, was formed. Occlusal variables were examined: projections, overhangs, relationship of molars and canines, dental midlines. Results: the mean of the magnitude of the anterior slip between CR and PMI showed a value of 1.53mm, highlighting adolescents of 15 years of age; while in the lateral slide the distribution behaved homogeneously. With a magnitude of 1 mm or more, the three mean values of overjets differed significantly, with p<0.05 in incisors and p<0.10 in canines. The right molar ratio changed significantly between CR and PMI, with p=0.046. Conclusions: the discrepancy between CR and PMI was not associated with age. Changes in occlusal variables confirm the importance of performing a correct occlusal examination for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment.

RESUMEN Introducción: incorporar aspectos funcionales y el estudio de las articulaciones temporomandibulares al ámbito ortodóncico exige del examen inicial de las mismas y, a partir de esa posición en relación céntrica, realizar diagnóstico y planificar el tratamiento ortodóncico. Objetivo: determinar la posible asociación entre deslizamientos de relación céntrica a posición de máxima intercuspidación con la edad e identificar cambios de las variables oclusales como consecuencia del deslizamiento. Métodos: se realizó un estudio transversal descriptivo y correlacional en el período comprendido de octubre de 2018 a octubre de 2019 en la Clínica “Victoria de Santa Clara”. Se conformó una muestra intencionada, no probabilística, de 30 jóvenes entre 15 y 19 años de edad, con dentición permanente completa y deslizamiento anormal de relación céntrica a posición de máxima intercuspidación. Se examinaron variables oclusales: resaltes, sobrepases, relación de molares y de caninos y líneas medias dentarias. Resultados: la media de la magnitud del deslizamiento anterior entre la relación céntrica y la posición de máxima intercuspidación mostró un valor de 1,53 mm en adolescentes de 15 años de edad, mientras que en el deslizamiento lateral la distribución se comportó de manera homogénea. Con magnitud de 1 mm o más los tres valores medios de resaltes se diferenciaron significativamente, con p<0,05 en incisivos y p<0,10 en caninos. La relación de molares derecha cambió significativamente entre la relación céntrica y la posición de máxima intercuspidación, con p=0,046. Conclusiones: la discrepancia entre relación céntrica y posición de máxima intercuspidación no estuvo asociada a la edad. Los cambios en las variables oclusales ratifican la importancia de realizar un correcto examen oclusal para el diagnóstico y el tratamiento ortodóncico.

ABSTRACT Insects attracted to cadavers can be used to estimate postmortem interval (PMI). In this study, inmature stages and adults of Dermestes maculatus and Chrysomya albiceps were collected in association with a human cadaver in a closed aquatic environment in Caquetá, Colombia, and analyzed to determine the PMI. We also conducted an experiment with a pig carcass to estimate the emersion time, which began three days after carcass submersion. The minimum PMI was 481.5 hours. Time of death, time of emersion and period of insect activity matched the actions of the murder suspects, who confessed to murdering the victim 25 days prior to the discovery of the body.

RESUMEN Los insectos atraídos a cadáveres pueden ser usados para estimar el intervalo post mortem (IPM). En este estudio, una muestra de estados inmaduros y adultos de Dermestes maculatus y Chrysomya albiceps fueron recolectados en asociación con un cadáver humano en un ambiente cerrado y acuático en Caquetá, Colombia, y analizada para determinar el IPM. Además, se condujo un experimento con un cadáver porcino para estimar el tiempo de emersión, que comenzó tres días después de la sumersión del cadáver. El IPM mínimo fue 481.5 horas. El tiempo de muerte, tiempo de emersión y el periodo de actividad insectil coincidieron con las acciones de los sospechosos del crimen, quienes confesaron haber asesinado a la víctima 25 días antes del descubrimiento del cadáver.

Resumen Objetivo Philip Morris International ha introducido en muchos países su producto de tabaco calentado, IQOS, y lo ha comercializado con el argumento de que es una alternativa menos dañina para la salud. La compañía afirma que su intención es que los fumadores de cigarrillos tradicionales de su marca los reemplacen con IQOS. Método Utilizando datos de series temporales de septiembre de 2016 a junio de 2020, analizamos si las ventas de Heets han ido acompañadas de una mejora en la posición de Philip Morris International en el mercado o si simplemente han sustituido a las ventas perdidas del resto de las marcas vendidas por esa compañía tabaquera. Resultados Las ventas de cigarrillos tradicionales de todas las marcas comercializadas por Philip Morris International han sido sustituidas por IQOS desde la introducción de este producto de tabaco calentado en España. Casi todas las variaciones observadas en las ventas de IQOS se deben al posicionamiento de este producto como sustituto de la gama de cigarrillos tradicionales que comercializa Philip Morris International. Conclusiones Como todavía no existe consenso en cuanto a que los HTP sean explícitamente menos dañinos para la salud, las autoridades sanitarias deben controlar los mensajes que sugieran mejores resultados en la salud gracias al uso de HTP en comparación con los cigarrillos tradicionales. En España se encuentran en una categoría que tiene una carga fiscal más baja que la de los cigarrillos tradicionales. Las autoridades fiscales deben considerar esta migración y el impacto que puede tener en la recaudación fiscal.

Abstract Objective Philip Morris International, has already introduced its heated tobacco product, IQOS, in many countries and marketed it on the grounds that it is a less harmful alternative to health. The company claims that its intention is for its brand's traditional cigarette smokers to replace these with IQOS has rarely been independently tested. Method Using time series data from September 2016 to June 2020, we analyze whether Heets sales have been accompanied by an improvement in the position of Philip Morris International in the market or if they have merely replaced lost sales of the rest of the brands sold by that tobacco company. Results Sales of traditional cigarettes of all the brands marketed by PMI have been replaced by IQOS since the introduction of this heated tobacco product in Spain. Almost all of the variations observed in IQOS sales are due to the positioning of this product as a substitute for the range of traditional cigarettes marketed by Philip Morris International. Conclusions As there is still no consensus that HTPs are explicitly less harmful to health, health authorities must control messages suggesting improved health outcomes thanks to HTP usage when compared to traditional cigarettes. Such messages could generate a false sense of security and lead to an increase in the consumption of tobacco. In Spain Heets in a category that has a lower tax burden than the category of traditional cigarettes. Tax authorities must consider this migration and the impact this may have on tax collection.

Abstract Objective Philip Morris International, has already introduced its heated tobacco product, IQOS, in many countries and marketed it on the grounds that it is a less harmful alternative to health. The company claims that its intention is for its brand's traditional cigarette smokers to replace these with IQOS has rarely been independently tested. Method Using time series data from September 2016 to June 2020, we analyze whether Heets sales have been accompanied by an improvement in the position of Philip Morris International in the market or if they have merely replaced lost sales of the rest of the brands sold by that tobacco company. Results Sales of traditional cigarettes of all the brands marketed by PMI have been replaced by IQOS since the introduction of this heated tobacco product in Spain. Almost all of the variations observed in IQOS sales are due to the positioning of this product as a substitute for the range of traditional cigarettes marketed by Philip Morris International. Conclusions As there is still no consensus that HTPs are explicitly less harmful to health, health authorities must control messages suggesting improved health outcomes thanks to HTP usage when compared to traditional cigarettes. Such messages could generate a false sense of security and lead to an increase in the consumption of tobacco. In Spain Heets in a category that has a lower tax burden than the category of traditional cigarettes. Tax authorities must consider this migration and the impact this may have on tax collection.

Resumen Objetivo Philip Morris International ha introducido en muchos países su producto de tabaco calentado, IQOS, y lo ha comercializado con el argumento de que es una alternativa menos dañina para la salud. La compañía afirma que su intención es que los fumadores de cigarrillos tradicionales de su marca los reemplacen con IQOS. Método Utilizando datos de series temporales de septiembre de 2016 a junio de 2020, analizamos si las ventas de Heets han ido acompañadas de una mejora en la posición de Philip Morris International en el mercado o si simplemente han sustituido a las ventas perdidas del resto de las marcas vendidas por esa compañía tabaquera. Resultados Las ventas de cigarrillos tradicionales de todas las marcas comercializadas por Philip Morris International han sido sustituidas por IQOS desde la introducción de este producto de tabaco calentado en España. Casi todas las variaciones observadas en las ventas de IQOS se deben al posicionamiento de este producto como sustituto de la gama de cigarrillos tradicionales que comercializa Philip Morris International. Conclusiones Como todavía no existe consenso en cuanto a que los HTP sean explícitamente menos dañinos para la salud, las autoridades sanitarias deben controlar los mensajes que sugieran mejores resultados en la salud gracias al uso de HTP en comparación con los cigarrillos tradicionales. En España se encuentran en una categoría que tiene una carga fiscal más baja que la de los cigarrillos tradicionales. Las autoridades fiscales deben considerar esta migración y el impacto que puede tener en la recaudación fiscal.

RESUMO Introduction: Introdução: Não há estudos que comparem diferentes rotinas de treinamentos concorrentes [isto é, programa de treinamento resistido mais treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade (TR+HIIT) ao TR mais treinamento contínuo de intensidade moderada (TR+MICT)] na aptidão cardiorrespiratória (ACR) e desempenho físico em idosos com síndrome metabólica (SM). Objetivos: O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar os efeitos de duas rotinas de treinamentos concorrentes (TR+HIIT vs. TR+MICT) na ACR e aptidão física em adultos e idosos com SM. Métodos: Trinta e nove participantes (67,0 ± 6,7 anos) foram divididos randomicamente em três grupos: TR+MICT, TR+HIIT e grupo controle (CON, sem exercício). O programa de treinamento físico de 12 semanas consistiu em 3 sessões/semana (~ 50 minutos/sessão). O componente de treinamento aeróbico (HIIT ou MICT) foi adaptado para gasto energético isocalórico (P ≥ 0,217) e distribuição de isocarga (TRIMP; P ≥ 0,893), porém, o componente MICT teve tempo de treinamento aeróbico maior (P ≤ 0,01). Avaliamos a ACR pré e pós-intervenção (VO2pico), capacidade física (potência de membros inferiores [PMI], velocidade de corrida e tempo de corrida até a exaustão), lactato plasmático, percepção subjetiva de esforço (PSE), frequência cardíaca de repouso (FCrepouso) e máxima (FCpico). Resultados: No final da intervenção, somente o grupo TR+HIIT teve aumento significativo do VO2pico (P = 0,01), mas em comparação com o grupo CON, ambos os grupos TR+HIIT e TR+MICT tiveram melhora significativa do VO2pico (P ≤ 0,02). Somente o grupo TR+HIIT mostrou FCrepouso menor em comparação com o basal e com o grupo CON. Além disso, os grupos TR+HIIT e TR+MICT, mas não o grupo CON, tiveram melhora significativa da velocidade de corrida, do tempo até a exaustão e da PMI (P < 0,05). Não houve alterações significativas em FCpico, PSE e lactato em nenhum dos grupos. Conclusão: Nossos resultados sugerem que 12 semanas de TR+MICT ou TR+HIIT melhoram o desempenho físico dos membros inferiores. Além disso, nossos resultados sugerem que TR+HIIT fornece benefícios adicionais de ACR em idosos com SM. Nível de evidência II; Estudo Experimental Randomizado.

ABSTRACT Introduction: There are no studies comparing the effects of different concurrent training routines [i.e., a resistance training plus high-intensity interval training (RT+HIIT) program compared to an RT plus moderate-intensity continuous training (RT+MICT) program] on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and physical performance in older adults with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Objective: This study aimed to compare the effects of two concurrent training routines, RT+HIIT versus RT+MICT, on CRF and physical fitness in adults and older adults with MetS. Methods: Thirty-nine participants (67.0±6.7 years of age) were randomly assigned into three groups: RT+ MICT, RT+ HIIT and the control group (CON, no exercise). The 12-week physical training program consisted of 3 sessions/week (~50 minutes/session). The aerobic training component was customized for iso-caloric energy expenditure (P≥0.217) and iso-load distribution (TRIMP, P≥0.893), however the MICT component had a longer aerobic training time (P≤0.01). We evaluated pre- and post-evaluation CRF (VO2peak), physical capacity [power of lower limbs (PLL), running velocity, and running time to exhaustion], plasma lactate, rate of perceived exertion (RPE), resting heart rate (HRrest), and peak heart rate (HRpeak). Results: At the end of the intervention, a significant increase in the VO2peak was observed only in the RT+HIIT group (P=0.01), but compared to the CON group both RT+HIIT and RT+MICT groups had significant improvement in the VO2peak (P≤0.02). Only the RT+HIIT group had lower HRrest as compared to the baseline and the CON group. Also, both RT+HIIT and RT+MICT groups, but not CON, significantly improved running speed, time to exhaustion, and PLL (P<0.05). There were no significant changes in HRpeak, RPE, and lactate for any of the groups. Conclusion: Our results suggest that 12 weeks of RT+MICT or RT+HIIT improve lower-limb physical performance. Also, our results suggest that RT+HIIT provides additional CRF benefits in older adults with MetS. Level of evidence II; Randomized Experimental Study.

RESUMEN Introducción: No hay estudios que comparen diferentes rutinas de entrenamientos concurrentes [es decir, programa del entrenamiento de resistencia (ER) más entrenamiento de intervalos de alta intensidad (ER+HIIT) con el ER más entrenamiento continuo de intensidad moderada (ER+ECIM) en la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria (ACR) y desempeño físico en ancianos con síndrome metabólico (SM). Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar los efectos de dos rutinas de entrenamientos concurrentes (ER+HIIT sobre ER+ECIM) sobre la ACR y aptitud física en ancianos con SM. Método: Treinta y nueve participantes (67,0±6,7 años) fueron divididos aleatoriamente en 3 grupos: ER+ECIM, ER+HIIT y grupo de control (CON, sin ejercicio). El programa de entrenamiento físico de 12 semanas consistió en 3 sesiones semanales (50 minutos/sesión). En componente de entrenamiento aeróbico HIIT o ECIM se igualó en cuanto al gasto energético isocalórico (P≥0,217) y la distribución de isocarga (TRIMP; P≥0,893), sin embargo, el componente ECIM tuvo un mayor tiempo de entrenamiento aeróbico (P≤0,01). Se evaluó la ACR antes y después de la intervención (VO2pico), la capacidad física (potencia de las extremidades inferiores [PEI], la velocidad, y el tiempo hasta el agotamiento), el lactato plasmático y percepción subjetiva del esfuerzo (RPE), la frecuencia cardíaca en reposo HRest) y máxima (FCpico). Resultados: Al final de la intervención, solo el grupo ER+HIIT presentó un aumento significativo del VO2pico (P=0,01), pero en comparación con el grupo CON, tanto el grupo ER+HIIT como el ER+ECIM presentaron una mejora significativa l del VO2pico (P ≤ 0,02).. Sólo el grupo ER+HIIT demostró una HRest menor en comparación con el nivel de referencia y el grupo CON. Además, los grupos ER+HIIT y ER+ECIM, pero no el grupo CON, tuvieron una mejora significativa en la velocidad de carrera, el tiempo hasta el agotamiento y la PEI (P<0,05). No hubo cambios significativos en FCpico, RPE y lactato para ninguno de los grupos. Conclusión: Nuestros resultados sugieren que 12 semanas de ER+ECIM o ER+HIIT mejoran el rendimiento físico de las extremidades inferiores. Además, sugieren que ER+HIIT proporciona beneficios adicionales en la ACR en ancianos con SM. Nivel de evidencia II;Estudio experimental aleatorio

Resumen Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy es una especie colonizadora primaria en cuerpos en descomposición siendo predominante en las estaciones frías en Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Se estimó el intervalo post-mortem mínimo (PMImin) usando el crecimiento y longitud larvales como evidencia entomológica precisa del tiempo de muerte transcurrido. Se criaron especímenes a 12, 14, 16 y 18 °C para determinar las tasas de crecimiento larvales y pupales. Se registraron diferencias en los tiempos de desarrollo (43,2 días a 12 °C; 34,3 días a 14 °C; 29,1 días a 16 °C y 24,3 días a 18 °C), observándose tiempos de vida más cortos a mayor temperatura, sin alterarse los rangos de longitud larval (~1,5–18,0 mm). La temperatura también afectó la supervivencia y tamaño de los adultos emergidos; registrándose mayor porcentaje de supervivencia a 14 (29,73%) y 16 °C (38,65%) y mayor mortalidad a temperaturas extremas (19,00% a 12 °C y 12,61% a 18 °C). Los adultos criados a 12 °C fueron los más grandes, las hembras mayores que los machos con una relación inversa entre tamaño y supervivencia. Estos resultados permiten estimar el PMI basado en datos de poblaciones locales en lugar de consultar registros obtenidos en otras regiones.

Abstract Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy is a primary colonizing species of decomposing bodies, being predominant in the cold seasons in Buenos Aires province, Argentina. The minimum post-mortem interval (PMImin) was estimated using growth and larval length parameters as the accurate entomological evidence of the elapsed time since death. Specimens were reared at 12, 14, 16, and 18 °C, and the larval and pupal growth rates were determined. Differences in the developmental times were registered (43.2 days at 12 °C, 34.3 days at 14 °C, 29.1 days at 16 °C, and 24.3 days at 18 °C), with the lifespan shortened at higher temperatures, without changing the larval length range (~1.5–18.0 mm). Temperature also influenced the survival and size of emerged adults; the highest percentage of survival registered at 14 (29.73%) and 16 °C (38.65%), and more mortality in extreme temperatures (19.00% at 12 °C and 12.61% at 18 °C). Adults reared at 12 °C were the largest of all, females were longer than males, and body size showed an inverse relationship with survival. These results allowed the PMI estimation based on data from local populations instead of consulting papers based on other regions.

Resumen: El presente artículo tiene la finalidad de conocer cuáles son los conflictos socioambientales generados por el extractivismo minero en la ciudad de Bogotá. Para tal fin se proponen tres apartados: en el primero se abordan algunas comprensiones conceptuales y metodológicas que presenta el autor sobre la historia ambiental urbana (HAU), la cual permite problematizar y complejizar los territorios construidos socialmente, estableciendo un contrapunteo con algunos referentes de la geografía urbana. En el segundo se analiza la herencia minera a partir de tres periodos de la HAU de Bogotá: 1) periodo colonial y la alfarería; 2) la modernización de la ciudad y los chircales; y 3) el crecimiento urbano y la presencia de los parques minero-industriales (FMI), haciendo un énfasis especial en los FMI del sur de la ciudad desde la óptica del extractivismo para proceder a analizar las dinámicas económicas detrás de la minería y los efectos ambientales. En el tercer apartado se presentan las conclusiones y reflexiones finales.

Resumo: O presente artigo tem a finalidade de conhecer quais são os conflitos socioambientais gerados pelo extrativismo mineiro na cidade de Bogotá. Para o efeito, são propostos três parágrafos: no primeiro, são abordadas algumas compreensões conceptuais e metodológicas apresentadas pelo autor sobre a História Ambiental Urbana (HAU), a qual permite problematizar e se tornar complexo os territórios construídos socialmente, estabelecendo um contraponto com alguns referentes da geografia urbana. No segundo analisa-se a herança mineira a partir de três períodos da HAU de Bogotá: 1) período colonial e a olaria; 2) a modernização da cidade e as áreas de mineração; 3) crescimento urbano e a presença dos parques mineiro-industriais (PMI), dando um especial ênfase nos PMI do sul da cidade desde a óptica do extrativismo para proceder a analisar as dinâmicas econômicas por trás da mineração e os efeitos ambientais. No terceiro parágrafo apresentam-se as conclusões.

Summary: The present article aims to understand the socio-environmental conflicts caused by mining extractivism in the city of Bogotá. For this purpose, three sections are proposed: the first deals with some conceptual and methodological understandings presented by the author on urban environmental history (UAH), which allows the problematization and complexification of socially constructed territories, setting up a counterpoint with some references of urban geography. The second section analyses the mining heritage from three historical periods of the UAH of Bogotá: 1) the colonial period and pottery; 2) the modernization of the city and the mining areas; 3) urban growth and the presence of mining-industrial parks (MIP), placing special emphasis on the MIP in the south of the city from the perspective of extractivism to proceed to analyze the economic dynamics behind mining and its environmental effects. The third section presents the conclusions.