Abstract Chinese migration has been driven by migration policies in Colombia contributing to factors such as the strengthening of diplomacy, economic opportunities, cultural exchange, etc. Due to the cross-border opening, Colombia has been able to attract a significant number of Chinese migrants generating a favorable environment for new opportunities and improving their living conditions. The objective of this research was to analyze the local perspectives of Chinese migration in Colombia and its impact on local development. A descriptive quantitative approach methodology was implemented through a deductive method to deepen the perceptions and impact in the national context. The instrument entitled “PMI Universidad ECCI” was designed and validated corresponding to its centuries: Perspectives of International Migration which inquired in 15 items of three perspectives: economic, social and cultural perspectives evaluated on a Likert scale A sample of 93 professional experts in international trade was used. The findings revealed that Chinese migration has generated a significant impulse in the development of the Colombian national territory, providing employment and cultural diversity, likewise, a permanent cooperation between north and south is suggested, promoting solid foreign and migration policies that promote inclusion. Finally, it is concluded that there are challenges and opportunities in terms of integration and equity in local conditions for the strengthening of international relations between both countries.

Resumen La migración china ha sido impulsada por políticas migratorias en Colombia contribuyendo a factores como el fortalecimiento de la diplomacia, oportunidades económicas, intercambio cultural, etc. Debido a la apertura transfronteriza, Colombia ha logrado atraer a un número significativo de migrantes chinos generando un ambiente propicio para nuevas oportunidades y mejorar sus condiciones de vida. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo el análisis de las perspectivas locales de la migración china en Colombia y su impacto en el desarrollo local. Se implementó una metodología de enfoque cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo por medio de un método deductivo para profundizar las percepciones e impacto en el contexto nacional. Se diseñó y validó el instrumento titulado “PMI Universidad ECCI” correspondientes a sus siglas: Perspectivas de la Migración Internacional el cual indagó en 15 ítems de tres perspectivas: económica, social y perspectivas culturales evaluadas en una escala Likert. Se utilizó una muestra de 93 profesionales expertos en comercio internacional. Los hallazgos revelaron que la migración china ha generado un impulso significativo en el desarrollo del territorio nacional colombiano, aportando empleo y diversidad cultural, asimismo, se sugiere una cooperación permanente dada entre norte-sur promoviendo políticas exteriores y de migración sólidas que fomenten la inclusión. Finalmente se concluye que existen desafíos y oportunidades en términos de integración y equidad en condiciones locales para el fortalecimiento de las relaciones internacionales entre ambos países.

Abstract The authors conducted a prospective observational study to investigate the prognostic value of high-sensitivity Troponin I (hs-TnI) in the short- and long-term periods after orthopedic surgery, including Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty (THA and TKA, respectively), in a tertiary orthopedic center in Brazil. Perioperative Myocardial Injury (PMI) was defined as an absolute increase in hs-TnI of ≥ 26 ng/L above preoperative values. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality assessed at 30 days and 18 months after surgery. The secondary endpoint consisted of a composite outcome: cardiovascular death, acute myocardial infarction, angina requiring revascularization, and/or stroke. The authors compared Relative Risks (RR) of all-cause mortality and composite outcomes in patients with or without PMI at 30 days and 18 months. A Cox proportional hazards model for long-term outcomes was calculated and adjusted for age > 70 years, gender, and Revised Cardiac Risk Index (RCRI) class ≥ 2. PMI occurred in 3.4 % of all surgeries. At 30-days, 6.6 % of patients with PMI had died versus none without PMI. At 18 months, 20.0 % of PMI versus 4.7 % without PMI had died (RR = 5.0; 95 % Confidence Interval [95 % CI 1.3-19.3]). Based on composite outcomes in short and long-term periods, the RRs were 16.2 (95 % CI 2.7-96.5) and 7.7 (95 % CI 2.2-26.6), respectively. PMI was associated with all-cause mortality after 18 months and increased risk for a composite outcome (Hazard Ratio [HR = 3.97], 95 % CI 1.13-13.89 and HR = 5.80, 95 % CI 1.93-17.45, respectively). Patients with PMI who underwent THA or TKA presented worse short- and long-term prognoses compared to those without PMI. highsensitivity high sensitivity hsTnI hs TnI (hs-TnI longterm long term surgery respectively, respectively , respectively) Brazil (PMI 2 ngL ng L values allcause cause 3 1 death infarction revascularization andor stroke RR 7 years gender RCRI (RCRI 34 4 3. surgeries 30days, 30days days, 30-days 66 6 6. 200 20 0 20. 47 4. 5.0 50 5 9 [9 1.319.3. 13193 1.3 19.3 . 19 1.3-19.3]) 162 16 16. (9 2.796.5 27965 2.7 96.5 96 2.7-96.5 77 7. 2.226.6, 22266 2.2 26.6 2.2-26.6) Hazard 3.97, 397 3.97 97 3.97] 1.1313.89 1131389 1.13 13.89 13 89 1.13-13.8 580 80 5.80 1.9317.45, 1931745 1.93 17.45, 93 17 45 1.93-17.45 5. [ 319 1.319.3 1319 1. 193 19. 1.3-19.3] ( 796 2.796. 2796 27 965 96. 2.7-96. 226 2.226.6 2226 22 266 26. 2.2-26.6 39 3.9 1313 1.1313.8 113138 113 1.1 1389 13.8 8 1.13-13. 58 5.8 9317 1.9317.45 193174 1.9 1745 17.45 1.93-17.4 31 1.319. 131 1.3-19.3 79 2.796 279 2.7-96 2.226. 222 2.2-26. 1.1313. 11313 11 138 13. 1.13-13 931 1.9317.4 19317 174 17.4 1.93-17. 1.319 1.3-19. 2.79 2.7-9 2.226 2.2-26 1.1313 1131 1.13-1 1.9317. 1931 17. 1.93-17 1.31 1.3-19 2.7- 2.22 2.2-2 1.131 1.13- 1.9317 1.93-1 1.3-1 2.2- 1.931 1.93- 1.3-

ABSTRACT Our objective was to evaluate the genetic potential of two maize populations derived from commercial hybrids for beginning a reciprocal recurrent selection (RRS) program. For this, 280 interpopulation half-sib (HS) progenies were produced from two populations (140 HS from each population), which were derived from the selfing of the commercial hybrids AS1598 (Pop1) and RB9210 (Pop2). We then evaluated the 280 HS progenies, the two base populations, and the two hybrids for grain yield (GY) and ear and plant architecture traits in southwestern Goias during the 2020 winter season. Variance components and genetic values of each progeny were estimated using the REML/BLUP (Restricted Maximum Likelihood/Best Linear Unbiased Prediction) methodology. Genetic gains by selection of the top 20% of progenies were predicted using two strategies: i) selection for GY and ii) selection for GY and days to silking (DTS) simultaneously. We observed genetic variability in both populations for all tested traits; therefore, it is possible to obtain genetic gains from the interpopulation improvement of both Pop1 and Pop2. The genetic gain estimates with the selection based on GY were 9.03 and 3.45% for Pop1 and Pop2, respectively. Simultaneous selection for GY and DTS resulted in positive (>4%) genetic gains for GY in both populations and decreased the cycle in Pop1, but we did not observe any alteration of the cycle in Pop2. We concluded that both populations derived from commercial hybrids have genetic potential for interpopulation improvement using RRS. RRS (RRS program this 28 halfsib half sib (HS 140 (14 population, population , population) AS AS159 Pop (Pop1 RB RB921 Pop2 . (Pop2) (GY 202 season REMLBLUP REML BLUP Restricted LikelihoodBest Likelihood Best Prediction methodology 20 strategies i ii (DTS simultaneously therefore 903 9 03 9.0 345 3 45 3.45 respectively >4% 4 (>4% 2 14 (1 AS15 (Pop RB92 (Pop2 90 0 9. 34 3.4 >4 (>4 1 ( AS1 RB9 3. > (>

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial genético de duas populações de milho derivadas de híbridos comerciais para iniciar um programa de seleção recorrente recíproca (SRR). Para isso, 280 progênies de meios-irmãos (PMI) interpopulacionais foram obtidas de duas populações (140 PMI de cada população) derivadas da autofecundação dos híbridos comerciais AS1598 (Pop1) e RB9210 (Pop2). As 280 PMI, as duas populações e os dois híbridos foram avaliados para produtividade de grãos (PG) e seis caracteres de arquitetura de planta e de espiga em dois locais no Sudoeste de Goiás, na segunda safra de 2020. Os componentes de variância e os valores genéticos de cada progênie foram estimados pela metodologia REML/BLUP (Restricted Maximum Likelihood/Best Linear Unbiased Prediction). Os ganhos genéticos com a seleção de 20% das progênies superiores foram preditos usando duas estratégias: i) seleção truncada para PG e ii) seleção simultânea para PG e florescimento feminino (FF). Observou -se variabilidade genética nas duas populações para todos os caracteres avaliados. Consequentemente, é possível obter ganhos genéticos a partir do melhoramento interpopulacional das Pop1 e 2. As estimativas de ganhos com a seleção truncada para PG foram de 9,03% e 3,45% para as Pop1 e Pop2, respectivamente. A seleção simultânea para PG e FF resultou em ganhos positivos (>4%) para PG em ambas populações e redução no ciclo na Pop1, mas não houve alteração para ciclo na Pop2. Conclui-se que as duas populações derivadas de híbridos comerciais de milho têm potencial genético para o melhoramento interpopulacional com emprego de SRR. SRR . (SRR) isso 28 meiosirmãos meios irmãos (PMI 140 (14 população AS AS159 Pop (Pop1 RB RB921 Pop2 (Pop2) (PG Goiás 2020 REMLBLUP REML BLUP Restricted LikelihoodBest Likelihood Best Prediction. Prediction Prediction) 20 estratégias i ii FF. (FF) se Consequentemente 2 903 9 03 9,03 345 3 45 3,45 respectivamente >4% 4 (>4% Concluise Conclui (SRR 14 (1 AS15 (Pop RB92 (Pop2 202 (FF 90 0 9,0 34 3,4 >4 (>4 1 ( AS1 RB9 9, 3, > (>

ABSTRACT Forensic entomology has been developing in Brazil in recent years. In cases where traditional forensic methods cannot accurately determine the postmortem interval (PMI), entomological evidence can be crucial. In this novel study, we present the first results of the Forensic Entomology Division at Santa Catarina Scientific Police, southern Brazil, formally established in January 2022. From Jan 2022 to July 2023, minimum PMI was calculated based on entomological evidence in 34 cases. A total of 21 species of insects (16 species of Diptera belonging to 6 families and 5 species of Coleoptera belonging to 4 families) were collected from human bodies at different decomposition stages and in different types of environments. The most abundant and relevant species to estimate PMI were: Chrysomya albiceps (in 38% of the cases), followed by Hermetia illucens (18%), Oxelytrum discicolle (14%), Chrysomya megacephala (12%) and Peckia (Pantonella) intermutans (12%). Some species were reported for the first time colonizing human corpses in Santa Catarina and used for the first time to estimate minimum PMI in Brazil. Understanding the entomofauna present on a human corpse becomes an important tool in death investigations and is essential for forensic entomology applications. Our findings provide better understanding of entomological evidence from Santa Catarina State and have important implications for the advancement of forensic entomology in Brazil. years PMI, , (PMI) crucial study Police 202 2023 3 2 16 (1 environments 38 cases, cases) 18%, 18 18% (18%) 14%, 14 14% (14%) 12% 12 (12% Pantonella (Pantonella 12%. . applications (PMI 20 1 ( (18% (14% (12 (18 (14

ABSTRACT Sarcophagidae flies have great forensic importance, since different instars of their larval development are used in the determination of the postmortem interval (PMI) of corpses. However, for many species, intrapuparial developmental data are scarce. Here we analyzed the intrapuparial development of the sarcophagid Peckia pexata and describe the chronological and morphological changes that occur during metamorphosis. We reared approximately 330 specimens originating from the Colombian Amazon in the laboratory. Prepupae were identified by size reduction and coloration change. During the first five days of the study, four individuals were sampled every three hours, then every six hours until adult emergence. Specimens were fixed in 96% alcohol, then immersed in Carnoy solution for 24 hours and in formic acid (5%) for 48 hours for dissection and analysis of morphological changes. Four morphological phases of intrapuparial development of P. pexata were observed: 1) larva pupa apolysis, which lasted, in average, 9 h; 2) cryptocephalic pupa, 6 h; 3) phanerocephalic pupa, 6.5 h; and 4) pharate adult (transparent eyes, 48 h; yellow eyes, 216 h; pink eyes, 35 h; and red eyes, 52 h). The pharate adult was fully formed at 340 h and adult emergence occurred at 372.5 h or 15.5 days. We also described the formation of the prepupa, the pupariation and the final metamorphosis for the imago and compared it with the known events for Peckia intermutans, Peckia lambens (Sarcophagidae) and Lucilia eximia (Calliphoridae). importance PMI (PMI corpses However species scarce 33 laboratory change study 96 alcohol 2 5% 5 (5% 4 P observed 1 apolysis lasted average 3 65 6. transparent eyes 21 h. . h) 34 3725 372 372. 155 15 15. prepupa intermutans (Sarcophagidae Calliphoridae. Calliphoridae (Calliphoridae) (5 37 (Calliphoridae (

RESUMEN Las moscas Sarcophagidae tienen gran importancia forense, ya que diferentes etapas de su desarrollo larvario son utilizadas en la determinación del intervalo post mortem (IPM) de cadáveres. Sin embargo, para muchas especies los datos sobre el desarrollo intrapupal son escasos. Aquí analizamos el desarrollo intrapupal del sarcofagido Peckia pexata y describimos los cambios cronológicos y morfológicos que ocurren durante la metamorfosis. Criamos aproximadamente 330 especímenes originarios de la Amazonía colombiana en laboratorio. Prepupas se identificaron por la reducción de tamaño y cambio de color. Durante los primeros cinco días se tomaron muestras de cuatro individuos cada tres horas, y posteriormente cada seis horas hasta la emergencia de los adultos. Los especímenes se fijaron en alcohol al 96%, posteriormente se sumergieron en solución Carnoy durante 24 horas y en ácido fórmico (5%) durante 48 horas, para disección y el análisis de los cambios morfológicos. Observamos cuatro etapas del desarrollo intrapupal de P. pexata: 1) larva pupa apolisis, que duró, en promedio, 9 h; 2) pupa criptocefálica, 6 h; 3) pupa fanerocefálica, 6.5 h; y 4) adulto farado (ojos transparentes, 48 h; ojos amarillos, 216 h; ojos rosados, 35 h; y ojos rojos, 52 h). El adulto farado se formó completamente a las 340 h y la emergencia del adulto se produjo a las 372.5 h o 15,5 días. También describimos la formación de la prepupa, la pupariación y la metamorfosis final para el imago y lo comparamos con los eventos conocidos para Peckia intermutans, Peckia lambens (Sarcophagidae) y Lucilia eximia (Calliphoridae). forense IPM (IPM cadáveres embargo escasos 33 laboratorio color adultos 96 96% 2 5% 5 (5% 4 P 1 apolisis duró promedio criptocefálica 3 fanerocefálica 65 6. transparentes amarillos 21 rosados rojos h. . h) 34 3725 372 372. 155 15 15, prepupa intermutans (Sarcophagidae Calliphoridae. Calliphoridae (Calliphoridae) (5 37 (Calliphoridae (

ABSTRACT The biological parameters of Necrobia rufipes (DeGeer, 1775) are estimated under controlled temperature and relative humidity. The adults, collected from industrial canine food at a supermarket in Campina Grande, state of Paraíba, Brazil, were taken to the Laboratory of Insect Systematics and Bioecology at the Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, in order to ascertain the matrix creation. The individuals were placed in boxes with hermetic sealing, each containing 20 adults, and were fed a diet of 1.8 g of fish flour, a slice of bacon, and four dog food pellets. A total of 160 eggs were individualized in the plastic recipient in a base of paper filter, covered with voil tissue, and secured with an elastic cord. The containers were placed in a B.O.D. camera at temperatures of 20, 24, 28, and 32 °C and relative humidity of 70%. The larvae received a diet composed of 0.45 g of fish flour, a slice of bacon, and dog food pellet. The development of phases was monitored daily. The life cycle from egg to adult was completed in four temperatures and encompassed four larval instars. The development speed at all stage phases was affected by temperature. Higher thermal conditions increase development speed and consequently reduce the duration of the immature and adult stages. The development of N. rufipes was completed at 20 and 32 °C, two temperatures that are not considered optimal for insect development. The fact that N. rufipes is a pest of storage grains, however, may explain why this insect is able to tolerate and develop under suboptimal temperatures. DeGeer, DeGeer (DeGeer 1775 adults Grande Paraíba Brazil creation sealing 2 18 1 8 1. flour bacon pellets 16 filter tissue cord BOD B O D B.O.D 24 28 3 C 70 70% 045 0 45 0.4 pellet daily instars stages N grains however 177 7 04 4 0. 17

ABSTRACT This study investigated the effects of burning on the richness, abundance, and community structure of necrophagous flies in southern Brazil. Flies were collected over a period of seven days in the field, and were subsequently observed for 60 days in the laboratory. There were three bovine liver treatments: unburnt, burnt, and gasoline-treated (control). A total of 2,501 flies, representing 14 families and 41 species, were identified, including Chrysomya albiceps, Fannia subgroup pusio, Synthesiomyia nudiseta, and Fannia femoralis. While the abundance of flies was similar across the three treatments, exhibiting a quadratic distribution, species richness displayed a quadratic trend with a significant temporal shift; peak richness occurred 20 hours earlier in the unburnt liver than in the burnt or the control treatments. Both total abundance and patterns of community composition in our analysis indicated important factors to take into account. Total abundances were similar between the burnt and unburnt treatments, demonstrating a uniform ecological response to burning, irrespective of the condition of the liver. In contrast, the community composition of these treatments showed a significant divergence from the control treatment, which was distinctively dominated by Drosophilidae and Phoridae. These findings are crucial for accurate postmortem Interval (PMI) estimations in forensic entomology, particularly in cases involving burnt remains, and highlight the significant impact of fire on necrophagous fly communities. Brazil field 6 laboratory gasolinetreated gasoline treated control. . (control) 2501 2 501 2,50 1 4 identified albiceps pusio nudiseta femoralis distribution shift account contrast treatment Phoridae PMI (PMI entomology remains communities (control 250 50 2,5 25 5 2,

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to compare hemodynamic performances and clinical outcomes of patients with small aortic annulus (SAA) who underwent aortic valve replacement by means of sutureless aortic valve replacement (SUAVR) or transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Methods: From 2015 to 2020, 622 consecutive patients with SAA underwent either SUAVR or TAVI. Through a 1:1 propensity score matching analysis, two homogeneous groups of 146 patients were formed. Primary endpoint: all cause-death at 36 months. Secondary endpoints: incidence of moderate to severe patient-prosthesis mismatch (PPM) and incidence of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) Results: All-cause death at three years was higher in the TAVI group (SUAVR 12.2% vs. TAVI 21.0%, P=0.058). Perioperatively, comparable hemodynamic performances were recorded in terms of indexed effective orifice area (SUAVR 1.12 ± 0.23 cm2/m2 vs. TAVI 1.17 ± 0.28 cm2/m2, P=0.265), mean transvalvular gradients (SUAVR 12.9 ± 5.3 mmHg vs. TAVI 12.2 ± 6.2 mmHg, P=0.332), and moderate-to-severe PPM (SUAVR 4.1% vs. TAVI 8.9%, P=0.096). TAVI group showed a higher cumulative incidence of MACCEs at 36 months (SUAVR 18.1% vs. TAVI 32.6%, P<0.001). Pacemaker implantation (PMI) and perivalvular leak ≥ 2 were significantly higher in TAVI group and identified as independent predictors of mortality (PMI: hazard ratio [HR] 3.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.34-6.94, P=0.008; PPM: HR 2.72, 95% CI 1.25-5.94, P=0.012). Conclusion: In patients with SAA, SUAVR and TAVI showed comparable hemodynamic performances. Moreover, all-cause death and incidence of MACCEs at follow-up were significantly higher in TAVI group. Objective (SAA . (TAVI) Methods 201 2020 62 11 1 1: analysis 14 formed endpoint causedeath cause 3 endpoints patientprosthesis patient prosthesis (PPM (MACCEs Results Allcause All 122 12 vs 210 21 0 21.0% P=0.058. P0058 P P=0.058 058 P=0.058) Perioperatively 112 1.1 023 23 0.2 cm2m2 cmm cm2 m2 cm m cm2/m 117 17 028 28 P=0.265, P0265 P=0.265 , 265 P=0.265) 129 9 12. 53 5 5. 6 6. P=0.332, P0332 P=0.332 332 P=0.332) moderatetosevere 41 4 4.1 89 8 8.9% P=0.096. P0096 P=0.096 096 P=0.096) 181 18 18.1 326 32 32.6% P<0.001. P0001 P<0.001 001 P<0.001) PMI (PMI [HR 305 05 3.05 95 [CI 1.346.94, 134694 1.34 6.94, 34 94 1.34-6.94 P=0.008 P0008 008 272 72 2.72 1.255.94, 125594 1.25 5.94, 25 1.25-5.94 P=0.012. P0012 P=0.012 012 P=0.012) Conclusion Moreover allcause followup follow up (TAVI 20 202 21.0 P005 P=0.05 1. 02 0. cm2m P026 P=0.26 26 P033 P=0.33 33 4. 8.9 P009 P=0.09 09 18. 32.6 P000 P<0.00 00 30 3.0 346 1.346.94 13469 134 1.3 694 6.94 1.34-6.9 P=0.00 27 7 2.7 255 1.255.94 12559 125 1.2 594 5.94 1.25-5.9 P001 P=0.01 01 21. P00 P=0.0 P02 P=0.2 P03 P=0.3 8. 32. P<0.0 3. 1.346.9 1346 13 69 6.9 1.34-6. 2. 1.255.9 1255 59 5.9 1.25-5. P0 P=0. P<0. 1.346. 1.34-6 1.255. 1.25-5 P=0 P<0 1.346 1.34- 1.255 1.25- P= P<

ABSTRACT: The search for an ideal occlusion is one of the main objectives of rehabilitation treatments. For this to be fulfilled, some characteristics need to be present, based on this, the concept of "centric triad" has been constituted, which is defined as the coincidence between the physiological centric relation (CR), muscular contact position (MCP) and maximum intercuspal position (MIP), thus existing an optimal morphofunctional balance of the different components of the stomatognathic system. In this way, the need arises to analyze the concepts that involve the relationship between the different mandibular positions, within these concepts we find the "centric area", which due to its characteristics, it is attributed relevance and clinical utility when its application is understood. The objective of this study was to analyze the concept of centric area, update the associated occlusal concepts and propose new methodologies for its evaluation. Sometimes there are occlusal interferences that prevent the jaw from continuing its usual path to reach a certain position, these interferences are known as premature contacts, when they exist, the jaw naturally deviates towards a position of accommodation. Centric slide is defined as the movement of the mandible when it is in a retruded contact position unforced, that is, the contact position that occurs when the mandible closes in CR, until reaching MIP, this sliding occurs due to in the presence of premature contacts, when there are no premature contacts, this position will coincide with PMI. The centric area is defined as the slippage of the mandible between the retruded ligamentous position (RLP) and MIP. Ideally, the PMI occurs when the condyles are in CR and coincides with the MCP, there should always be a centric area, since physiologically no joint will naturally adopt an extreme position like PRL.

RESUMEN: La búsqueda de una oclusión ideal es uno de los principales objetivos de los tratamientos rehabilitadores. Para que esta se cumpla, es necesario que se presenten ciertas características, en base a esto, se ha constituido el concepto de “tríada en céntrica”, que se define como la coincidencia entre la relación céntrica fisiológica (RCF), posición muscular de contacto (PMC) y posición de máxima intercuspidación (PMI), existiendo de esta forma un equilibrio morfofuncional óptimo de los diferentes componentes del sistema estomatognático. Así nace la necesidad de analizar los conceptos que involucren la relación existente entre las distintas posiciones mandibulares, dentro de estos conceptos encontramos el “área de céntrica”, que debido a sus características, se le atribuye relevancia y utilidad clínica cuando se entiende su aplicación. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el concepto de área céntrica, actualizar los conceptos oclusales asociados y proponer nuevas metodologías para su evaluación. En ocasiones existen interferencias oclusales que impiden que la mandíbula continúe su recorrido habitual para llegar a determinada posición, estas interferencias se conocen como contactos prematuros, cuando estos existen, naturalmente la mandíbula se desvía hacia una posición de acomodo. El deslizamiento en céntrica se define como el movimiento de la mandíbula mientras se encuentra posición retruida de contacto no forzada, es decir, la posición de contacto que se produce cuando la mandíbula se cierra en RCF, hasta llegar a PMI, este deslizamiento se produce debido a la presencia de contactos prematuros, cuando no existen contactos prematuros, esta posición coincidirá con PMI. El área de céntrica se define como el deslizamiento de la mandíbula entre la posición retruída ligamentosa (PRL) y PMI. Idealmente, la PMI se da cuando los cóndilos están en RCF y coincide con la PMC, debe existir siempre un área de céntrica, pues fisiológicamente ninguna articulación adoptara naturalmente una posición extrema como la PRL.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The Pregnancy Mobility Index (PMI) was developed to assess mobility in pregnant women in the Netherlands. At present, no similar questionnaire is available in Brazil. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to translate, cross-culturally adapt, and evaluate the psychometric properties of a Brazilian PMI. DESIGN AND SETTING: The present study was a validation study conducted at the Universidade Federal do Paraná and a public maternity ward in Curitiba, Brazil. METHODS: Text translation and cross-cultural adaptation followed international guidelines. Construct validity, internal consistency, and inter- and intra-rater reliability tests included 97 women. The Pelvic Girdle Questionnaire, Multidimensional Pain Evaluation Scale, Schober’s test, and lumbar spine range of motion assessment were administered on the first day. Intra-rater reliability (n = 19) was measured after 15 days. Exploratory factor analysis was performed, and the correlation matrix was analyzed using Pearson’s coefficient. RESULTS: Pregnant women (88%) understood the cultural adaptation process. The internal consistency was high (Cronbach’s alpha > 0.90), construct validity was moderate, with significant correlation between lumbar spine range of motion (r = 0.283–0.369) and Schober’s test (r = -0.314), and high correlation between the Multidimensional Pain Evaluation Scale (r = -0.650 and -0.499) and Pelvic Girdle Questionnaire (r = -0.737). Intra- and inter-rater reliabilities were excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.932 and 0.990, respectively). CONCLUSION: The Brazilian version of the PMI was successfully translated with excellent reliability and moderate-to-high construct validity. It is an important tool for assessing mobility in pregnant women. CLINICAL TRIAL: RBR-789tps (Validation study), https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-789tps. BACKGROUND (PMI Netherlands Brazil OBJECTIVE translate crossculturally cross culturally adapt SETTING Curitiba METHODS crosscultural guidelines inter intrarater intra rater 9 Schobers Schober s day Intrarater Intra n 19 1 days performed Pearsons Pearson RESULTS 88% 88 (88% process Cronbachs Cronbach 0.90, 090 0.90 , 0 90 0.90) moderate r 0.283–0.369 02830369 283 369 0.314, 0314 0.314 314 -0.314) 0.650 0650 650 -0.65 0.499 0499 499 -0.499 0.737. 0737 0.737 . 737 -0.737) interrater intraclass 0932 932 0.93 0990 990 0.990 respectively. respectively respectively) CONCLUSION moderatetohigh TRIAL RBR789tps RBRtps RBR 789tps tps Validation study, study) https//ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR789tps. httpsensaiosclinicosgovbrrgRBR789tps httpsensaiosclinicosgovbrrgRBRtps https //ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR 789tps. ensaiosclinicos gov br rg https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-789tps 8 (88 09 0.9 0.283–0.36 0283036 28 36 031 0.31 31 -0.314 0.65 065 65 -0.6 0.49 049 49 -0.49 073 0.73 73 -0.737 093 93 099 99 0.99 https//ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR789tps httpsensaiosclinicosgovbrrgRBR ensaiosclinicosgovbrrgRBR (8 0. 0.283–0.3 028303 2 3 03 0.3 -0.31 0.6 06 6 -0. 0.4 04 4 -0.4 07 0.7 7 -0.73 ( 0.283–0. 02830 -0.3 -0 -0.7 0.283–0 0283 - 0.283– 028 0.283 02 0.28 0.2

Abstract The study evaluated the effect of two animal protein-free extenders on ram semen cryopreservation of two tropical hair breeds. The ejaculates were collected from 8 rams (4 Blackbelly and 4 Pelibuey), which were mixed (pooled) by breed, diluted and cryopreserved in three different extenders: Animal protein [Tris egg yolk (Triladyl®)], and animal protein-free extenders AndroMed® (lecithin soy bean) and OPTIXcell® (liposome). Sperm analyses of total (TM) and progressive (PM) motility, viability, mitochondrial activity, acrosome integrity, and plasma membrane integrity (PMI) were carried out at 0 and 6 h after semen thawing. OPTIXcell® and Triladyl® extenders showed similar results between them and differed with AndroMed® in TM, PM, viability, and PMI (P < 0.0017). In the Blackbelly breed, the TM was higher (P < 0.0159) in OPTIXcell® than in AndroMed®. In the Pelibuey breed, the OPTIXcell® and Triladyl® showed similar results between them and differed with AndroMed® in TM, PM, viability, mitochondrial activity, and PMI (P < 0.0140). However, Triladyl® showed a higher percentage of sperm with intact acrosome than AndroMed® (P < 0.0392). In both breeds, spermatic parameters decreased progressively over the incubation time similarly in all three extenders. In conclusion, OPTIXcell® and Triladyl® proved to be the best extenders to cryopreserve Blackbelly and Pelibuey ram semen. However, OPTIXcell® is an animal protein-free extender that decreases the risk of bacterial contamination, whereas Triladyl® is composed of animal protein (egg yolk), which may impact the fertilizing capacity of sperm.

ABSTRACT Introduction: incorporating functional aspects and the study of the temporomandibular joints (TMJ) to the orthodontic field, requires an initial examination of the TMJ, and from that position in centric relation (CR), make a diagnosis and plan the orthodontic treatment. Objective: to determine the possible association between slides from CR to the position of maximum intercuspation (PMI) with age, and to identify changes in occlusal variables as a consequence of the slide. Methods: a descriptive and correlational cross-sectional study was carried out, in the period from October 2018 to October 2019, at the Victoria de Santa Clara Teaching Clinic of Stomatological Specialties. An intentional, non-probabilistic sample of 30 young people between 15 and 19 years of age, with complete permanent dentition and abnormal sliding from RC to PMI, was formed. Occlusal variables were examined: projections, overhangs, relationship of molars and canines, dental midlines. Results: the mean of the magnitude of the anterior slip between CR and PMI showed a value of 1.53mm, highlighting adolescents of 15 years of age; while in the lateral slide the distribution behaved homogeneously. With a magnitude of 1 mm or more, the three mean values of overjets differed significantly, with p<0.05 in incisors and p<0.10 in canines. The right molar ratio changed significantly between CR and PMI, with p=0.046. Conclusions: the discrepancy between CR and PMI was not associated with age. Changes in occlusal variables confirm the importance of performing a correct occlusal examination for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment.

RESUMEN Introducción: incorporar aspectos funcionales y el estudio de las articulaciones temporomandibulares al ámbito ortodóncico exige del examen inicial de las mismas y, a partir de esa posición en relación céntrica, realizar diagnóstico y planificar el tratamiento ortodóncico. Objetivo: determinar la posible asociación entre deslizamientos de relación céntrica a posición de máxima intercuspidación con la edad e identificar cambios de las variables oclusales como consecuencia del deslizamiento. Métodos: se realizó un estudio transversal descriptivo y correlacional en el período comprendido de octubre de 2018 a octubre de 2019 en la Clínica “Victoria de Santa Clara”. Se conformó una muestra intencionada, no probabilística, de 30 jóvenes entre 15 y 19 años de edad, con dentición permanente completa y deslizamiento anormal de relación céntrica a posición de máxima intercuspidación. Se examinaron variables oclusales: resaltes, sobrepases, relación de molares y de caninos y líneas medias dentarias. Resultados: la media de la magnitud del deslizamiento anterior entre la relación céntrica y la posición de máxima intercuspidación mostró un valor de 1,53 mm en adolescentes de 15 años de edad, mientras que en el deslizamiento lateral la distribución se comportó de manera homogénea. Con magnitud de 1 mm o más los tres valores medios de resaltes se diferenciaron significativamente, con p<0,05 en incisivos y p<0,10 en caninos. La relación de molares derecha cambió significativamente entre la relación céntrica y la posición de máxima intercuspidación, con p=0,046. Conclusiones: la discrepancia entre relación céntrica y posición de máxima intercuspidación no estuvo asociada a la edad. Los cambios en las variables oclusales ratifican la importancia de realizar un correcto examen oclusal para el diagnóstico y el tratamiento ortodóncico.

ABSTRACT Insects attracted to cadavers can be used to estimate postmortem interval (PMI). In this study, inmature stages and adults of Dermestes maculatus and Chrysomya albiceps were collected in association with a human cadaver in a closed aquatic environment in Caquetá, Colombia, and analyzed to determine the PMI. We also conducted an experiment with a pig carcass to estimate the emersion time, which began three days after carcass submersion. The minimum PMI was 481.5 hours. Time of death, time of emersion and period of insect activity matched the actions of the murder suspects, who confessed to murdering the victim 25 days prior to the discovery of the body.

RESUMEN Los insectos atraídos a cadáveres pueden ser usados para estimar el intervalo post mortem (IPM). En este estudio, una muestra de estados inmaduros y adultos de Dermestes maculatus y Chrysomya albiceps fueron recolectados en asociación con un cadáver humano en un ambiente cerrado y acuático en Caquetá, Colombia, y analizada para determinar el IPM. Además, se condujo un experimento con un cadáver porcino para estimar el tiempo de emersión, que comenzó tres días después de la sumersión del cadáver. El IPM mínimo fue 481.5 horas. El tiempo de muerte, tiempo de emersión y el periodo de actividad insectil coincidieron con las acciones de los sospechosos del crimen, quienes confesaron haber asesinado a la víctima 25 días antes del descubrimiento del cadáver.

Resumen Objetivo Philip Morris International ha introducido en muchos países su producto de tabaco calentado, IQOS, y lo ha comercializado con el argumento de que es una alternativa menos dañina para la salud. La compañía afirma que su intención es que los fumadores de cigarrillos tradicionales de su marca los reemplacen con IQOS. Método Utilizando datos de series temporales de septiembre de 2016 a junio de 2020, analizamos si las ventas de Heets han ido acompañadas de una mejora en la posición de Philip Morris International en el mercado o si simplemente han sustituido a las ventas perdidas del resto de las marcas vendidas por esa compañía tabaquera. Resultados Las ventas de cigarrillos tradicionales de todas las marcas comercializadas por Philip Morris International han sido sustituidas por IQOS desde la introducción de este producto de tabaco calentado en España. Casi todas las variaciones observadas en las ventas de IQOS se deben al posicionamiento de este producto como sustituto de la gama de cigarrillos tradicionales que comercializa Philip Morris International. Conclusiones Como todavía no existe consenso en cuanto a que los HTP sean explícitamente menos dañinos para la salud, las autoridades sanitarias deben controlar los mensajes que sugieran mejores resultados en la salud gracias al uso de HTP en comparación con los cigarrillos tradicionales. En España se encuentran en una categoría que tiene una carga fiscal más baja que la de los cigarrillos tradicionales. Las autoridades fiscales deben considerar esta migración y el impacto que puede tener en la recaudación fiscal.

Abstract Objective Philip Morris International, has already introduced its heated tobacco product, IQOS, in many countries and marketed it on the grounds that it is a less harmful alternative to health. The company claims that its intention is for its brand's traditional cigarette smokers to replace these with IQOS has rarely been independently tested. Method Using time series data from September 2016 to June 2020, we analyze whether Heets sales have been accompanied by an improvement in the position of Philip Morris International in the market or if they have merely replaced lost sales of the rest of the brands sold by that tobacco company. Results Sales of traditional cigarettes of all the brands marketed by PMI have been replaced by IQOS since the introduction of this heated tobacco product in Spain. Almost all of the variations observed in IQOS sales are due to the positioning of this product as a substitute for the range of traditional cigarettes marketed by Philip Morris International. Conclusions As there is still no consensus that HTPs are explicitly less harmful to health, health authorities must control messages suggesting improved health outcomes thanks to HTP usage when compared to traditional cigarettes. Such messages could generate a false sense of security and lead to an increase in the consumption of tobacco. In Spain Heets in a category that has a lower tax burden than the category of traditional cigarettes. Tax authorities must consider this migration and the impact this may have on tax collection.

Abstract Objective Philip Morris International, has already introduced its heated tobacco product, IQOS, in many countries and marketed it on the grounds that it is a less harmful alternative to health. The company claims that its intention is for its brand's traditional cigarette smokers to replace these with IQOS has rarely been independently tested. Method Using time series data from September 2016 to June 2020, we analyze whether Heets sales have been accompanied by an improvement in the position of Philip Morris International in the market or if they have merely replaced lost sales of the rest of the brands sold by that tobacco company. Results Sales of traditional cigarettes of all the brands marketed by PMI have been replaced by IQOS since the introduction of this heated tobacco product in Spain. Almost all of the variations observed in IQOS sales are due to the positioning of this product as a substitute for the range of traditional cigarettes marketed by Philip Morris International. Conclusions As there is still no consensus that HTPs are explicitly less harmful to health, health authorities must control messages suggesting improved health outcomes thanks to HTP usage when compared to traditional cigarettes. Such messages could generate a false sense of security and lead to an increase in the consumption of tobacco. In Spain Heets in a category that has a lower tax burden than the category of traditional cigarettes. Tax authorities must consider this migration and the impact this may have on tax collection.

Resumen Objetivo Philip Morris International ha introducido en muchos países su producto de tabaco calentado, IQOS, y lo ha comercializado con el argumento de que es una alternativa menos dañina para la salud. La compañía afirma que su intención es que los fumadores de cigarrillos tradicionales de su marca los reemplacen con IQOS. Método Utilizando datos de series temporales de septiembre de 2016 a junio de 2020, analizamos si las ventas de Heets han ido acompañadas de una mejora en la posición de Philip Morris International en el mercado o si simplemente han sustituido a las ventas perdidas del resto de las marcas vendidas por esa compañía tabaquera. Resultados Las ventas de cigarrillos tradicionales de todas las marcas comercializadas por Philip Morris International han sido sustituidas por IQOS desde la introducción de este producto de tabaco calentado en España. Casi todas las variaciones observadas en las ventas de IQOS se deben al posicionamiento de este producto como sustituto de la gama de cigarrillos tradicionales que comercializa Philip Morris International. Conclusiones Como todavía no existe consenso en cuanto a que los HTP sean explícitamente menos dañinos para la salud, las autoridades sanitarias deben controlar los mensajes que sugieran mejores resultados en la salud gracias al uso de HTP en comparación con los cigarrillos tradicionales. En España se encuentran en una categoría que tiene una carga fiscal más baja que la de los cigarrillos tradicionales. Las autoridades fiscales deben considerar esta migración y el impacto que puede tener en la recaudación fiscal.