Parthenolide (PTN) is a secondary metabolite of the plant Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schulz Bip. and is considered the chemical marker of this species. This sesquiterpene lactone (germacrene skeleton) has been described as responsible for the biological activity of the leaf extract. In addition, several studies in the literature have demonstrated its antiparasitic and antineoplastic activity. However, there is a need for knowledge of other safety parameters, such as pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and toxicity evaluations. Therefore, in this investigation, the in vitro metabolism of parthenolide was performed with rat liver microsomes and biomimetic metabolism (such as cytochrome P-450 system) using organometallic catalysts. The biomimetic procedure was validated since the major compound of biomimetic oxidative reaction with meta-chloroperbenzoic acid catalyzed by metalloporphyrin 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)-porphyrin iron(III) chloride was also observed with rat liver microsomes. Previous chemoenzymatic synthesis studies of PTN afforded the same epoxide formation, this major oxidative compound was isolated and fully characterized as (1 R,10R)-epoxyparthenolide based on experimental and theoretical calculations of infrared (IR) and vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) data at the B3PW91/6-311G. Furthermore, for the first time, this metabolite was evaluated for trypanocidal and leishmanicidal activity. The mean inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were lower for PTN than its metabolite and showed significant cytotoxic effects for both parasites. This finding holds promise for addressing neglected diseases.

Species from Pavonia genus (Malvaceae) are traditionally used as antioxidant, n anti inflammatory and antimicrobial remedies. Previous studies have revealed their diversity of specialized metabolites widely used in the development of new medicines. This is the first study on Pavonia glazioviana Gurke, a Brazilian species known as “Malva da Chapada”. The research led to identify fifteen compounds: 132 (S) hydroxy pheophytin a; and 132(S) hydroxy 173 ethoxyphaeophorbide, n decanol, cycloart 23Z ene 3β,25 diol, cycloart 24S 25 ene 3β,24 diol, sitosterol 3 O β D glucopyranoside, stigmasterol 3 O β D glucopyranoside, quercetin, acacetin, kaempferol, tiliroside, 5 hydroxy 3,7,8,4’ tetramethoxyflavone, 5,7 dihydroxy 3,8,4’ trimethoxyflavone, 5,7 dihydroxy 4’ methoxyflavone, 5,7,4’ trihydroxy 3,8 dimethoxyflavone and 5,7,4’ trihydroxy 3 methoxyflavone. The major flavonoids were tested for their antimicrobial activity, and the compound 5,7 dihydroxy 3,8,4’ trimethoxyflavone showed strong activity against Escherichia coli (MIC = 512 μg mL1), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC = 512 μg mL1), Candida albicans (MIC = 512 μg mL1), Candida tropicalis (MIC = 512 μg mL1), Candida parapsilosis (MIC = 512 μg mL1), Aspergillus flavus (MIC = 512 μg mL1) and A. fumigantus (MIC = 512 μg mL1). The total phenolic content, flavonoid content, and radical scavenging potential were determined showing its great production of phenolics and flavonoids, along with interesting radical scavenging potential (DPPH EC50 = 6.36 ± 0.029 mg mL 1). Our findings contributed to characterize P. glazioviana as a source of methoxylated flavonoids with antimicrobial potential.

Palicourea tomentosa (Aubl.) Borhidi (Rubiaceae, Palicoureeae), earlier classified as Psychotria poeppigiana Müll. Arg., is used in folk medicine for a variety of diseases. Biological studies on the plant describes their vasorelaxant, antiplasmodial, antitumoural and anticholinesterase activities. To expand the knowledge on the chemical and biological potential of this species, in this work, phytochemical and dereplication studies, as well as antimicrobial and anticholinesterase evaluation of Palicourea tomentosa were carried out. Phytochemical investigation deals with the isolation of lutein (1), a mixture of dehydrovomifoliol (2) and megastigma-4,7-dien-3-one (3), loliolide (4), 5,13-epoxy-9-hydroxy-megastigma-7-en,3-one (5), vomifoliol (6), asperuloside (7), 3-O-p-coumaroylquinic acid (8), and a mixture of the pyrrolizidinoindoline alkaloids hodgkinsine (9), chimonanthine (10) and psychotriasine (11). The ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC HRMS/MS) based on molecular networking dereplication of dichloromethane fraction led to putative identification of other two megastigmanes, one terpene lactone and three carotenoids, besides seven triterpenes and four indole alkaloids. The dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and hydromethanol fractions of P. tomentosa were able to inhibit Candida albicans with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 125, 250 and 125 µg mL-1, respectively. The methanol crude extract, dichloromethane and alkaloid fractions inhibited selectively the butyrilcholinesterase (BuChE) at percentages of 63.09, 60.39 and 56.22%, respectively.

EFFECT OF LIQUID SWINE WASTEWATER DOSES ON PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND ELECTROCHEMICAL ATTRIBUTES IN A CERRADO OXISOL. The addition of organic residues enhances soil and plant organic matter and nutrient content. To gauge the impact of varying liquid swine waste (LSW) levels on soil, we studied changes in a clayey Oxisol’s physical, chemical, and electrochemical traits from the Cerrado. LSW doses (0, 50, 150, 450, 600 m3 ha−1) were applied to the 0-0.20 m layer in a randomized design with three replicates. Post a 30-day incubation at 60% field capacity, the soil underwent mineralogical, physical (clay dispersed in water - CDW), chemical (sodium adsorption ratio - SAR, cation exchange capacity - CEC, base saturation - V%), and electrochemical (pH in H2O and KCl, ApH, point of zero charge - PZC, point of zero salt effect - PZSE, surface electric potential - iµo, and electrical conductivity - EC) analyses. The levels of exchangeable Ca, K, Mg, Na, and available P increased with increasing LSW doses. Increasing LSW doses in the soil led to an increase in EC, but soil salinization was not observed at the highest dose. With the application of LSW doses, there was a decrease in pH, ApH, PZSE, and an increase in CEC, PZC and ψo. Despite the increase in ψo, low clay dispersibility was observed.

This study aimed to isolate, purify and characterize secondary metabolites present in Amburana acreana leaves, native to the state of Rondônia, using classical chromatographic methods and 1D, 2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. From the hydroethanolic leaves extract of A. acreana, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, coumarin, campesterol 3-β-D-glucoside and amburoside B, all known compounds, were identified. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of isolation and chemical characterization of secondary metabolites in A. acreana. In addition, in vitro assays indicated that amburoside B does not have inhibitory potential on the growth of gram-negative bacteria. The presence of these compounds suggests that, thus far, amburosides (A and B) could be chemotaxonomic markers of the genus Amburana.

ABSTRACT Nitrogen (N) is essential to the fertilization of coffee. The fertilizer most used to meet this demand is urea, although it has high rates of N loss due mainly to ammonia volatilization. To reduce this loss, fertilizers with increased efficiency have emerged. Thus, the aim was to select the most appropriate nonlinear regression model to describe N loss attributable to ammonia volatilization in slow- and controlled-release fertilizers applied to coffee plants and to compare the different fertilizers based on the parameters of the selected model. The data studied are controlled-release fertilizers: urea + sulfur + polymer (U+S+P), urea + plastic resin (U+PR), urea + polymer insoluble in water (U+PIW) and slow-release fertilizer: urea formaldehyde (UF) applied to coffee. The Gompertz, Brody, and von Bertalanffy Logistics models were fit by the least squares method. The goodness of fit was assessed using the adjusted coefficient of determination, mean absolute deviation, and Akaike's information criterion. The von Bertalanffy model was the most appropriate for describing the data in most cases. After selecting the best model for the means, the parameters of the von Bertalanffy model were estimated again for each repetition of treatments. With the repetitions of the parameter estimates of these models, the F test of analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test were applied. In the F test, p < 0.05 for all parameters. In the Tukey's test, the UF fertilizer reached the asymptote more quickly and presented a lower accumulated loss of N in the coffee tree. The fertilizers U+S+P and U+PIW have later inflection points (IP). (N emerged Thus slow controlledrelease controlled release U+S+P, USP , U S P (U+S+P) U+PR, UPR U+PR PR (U+PR) UPIW PIW (U+PIW slowrelease (UF Gompertz Brody method determination deviation Akaikes Akaike s criterion cases means treatments ANOVA (ANOVA Tukeys Tukey 005 0 05 0.0 tree IP. IP . (IP) (U+S+P (U+PR 00 0. (IP

RESUMO: A produção de manga (Mangifera indica) está se expandindo em muitos países e seus resíduos tem o potencial de ser usado para a fabricação de dietas para peixes. Este estudo avaliou a substituição parcial de fubá de milho por farinha de manga (FM) em dietas para piava (Megaleporinus obtusidens) em termos de performance zootécnica, glicose do plasma, enzimas intestinais e análise microbiológica. Piavas (n = 160) foram distribuídas em um esquema completamente randomizado (quatro tratamentos e quatro repetições) e alimentadas por 45 dias com dietas contendo diferentes níveis de inclusão de FM (0, 33, 66 e 100%). Não houve nenhuma contaminação microbiológica (bolor, coliformes totais, Bacillus cereus e Salmonella sp.) na FM. Os fenóis totais e taninos totais foram maiores na dieta com FM (P < 0.05). Dietas com 100% de fubá de milho substituído por MM reduziu a performance de crescimento e aumento a taxa de conversão alimentar (TCA) e os níveis de glicose nos peixes (P < 0.05). De acordo com a análise de regressão de segunda ordem, o nível ideal de inclusão de FM na dieta estimado com base no ganho de peso e o TCA foi de 23,68 e 19,75%, respectivamente (P < 0.05). O aumento gradual dos níveis de FM substituindo fubá de milho na dieta reduziu a atividade das enzimas intestinais amilase, lipase e protease alcalina (P < 0.05). Em conclusão, recomendamos a substituição de 19,75-23,68% de fubá de milho por FM, que pode ser usada nas dietas de piava. RESUMO Mangifera indica (FM Megaleporinus obtusidens zootécnica plasma n 160 repetições 4 0, 0 (0 33 6 100%. 100 . 100%) bolor, bolor (bolor sp. sp P 0.05. 005 0.05 05 0.05) (TCA ordem 2368 23 68 23,6 1975 19 75 19,75% amilase conclusão 19,7523,68% 19752368 19,75 23,68% 19,75-23,68 16 ( 3 10 00 0.0 236 2 23, 197 1 7 7523 19,7523,68 1975236 19,7 19,75-23,6 0. 752 19,7523,6 197523 19, 19,75-23, 19,7523, 19752 19,75-23 19,7523 19,75-2 19,752 19,75-

ABSTRACT: Mango (Mangifera indica) production is expanding in many countries, and its discarded residues have the potential to be used in the manufacture of fish diets. This study evaluated replacing part of the corn meal (CM) with mango meal (MM) in diets for piava (Megaleporinus obtusidens) in terms of zootechnical performance, plasma glucose, and intestinal enzymes. Piavas (n = 160) were distributed in a completely randomized design (four treatments and four replications) and were fed for 45 days with diets containing different levels of MM inclusion (0, 33, 66, and 100%). There was no microbiological contamination (mold, total coliforms, Bacillus cereus, and Salmonellasp.) in MM. The MM diet had higher total phenols and total tannins (P < 0.05). Diets with 100% of the CM replaced by MM reduced the growth performance and increased the feed conversion ratio (FCR) and plasma glucose levels in piava (P < 0.05). According to the second-order regression analysis, the optimal level of MM inclusion in the diet estimated based on weight gain and FCR was 23.68 and 19.75%, respectively (P < 0.05). The gradual increase in MM levels replacing CM in the diet reduced the activity of the intestinal enzymes amylase, lipase, and alkaline protease (P < 0.05). In conclusion, we recommended replacing 19.75-23.68% of CM with MM, which can be used in piava diets. ABSTRACT Mangifera indica countries (CM (MM Megaleporinus obtusidens n 160 replications 4 0, 0 (0 33 66 100%. 100 . 100%) mold, mold (mold coliforms cereus Salmonellasp. Salmonellasp P 0.05. 005 0.05 05 0.05) (FCR secondorder second order analysis 2368 23 68 23.6 1975 19 75 19.75% amylase lipase conclusion 19.7523.68% 19752368 19.75 23.68% 19.75-23.68 16 ( 3 6 10 00 0.0 236 2 23. 197 1 7 7523 19.7523.68 1975236 19.7 19.75-23.6 0. 752 19.7523.6 197523 19. 19.75-23. 19.7523. 19752 19.75-23 19.7523 19.75-2 19.752 19.75-

RESUMO: Oitocentas e sessenta frangas Embrapa 051 foram alocadas em três grupos de peso corporal às 19 semanas (pesadas: 1,48 kg ± 0,01 DP, N= 172 aves, médias: 1,32 kg ± 0,039 DP, N= 516 aves, leves: 1,19 kg ± 0,019 DP, N=172 aves) e alojadas em piso com ninhos por 65 semanas. As aves pesadas apresentaram maior produção de ovos nas semanas 24-28, enquanto as médias superaram as pesadas nas semanas 41-46, e as leves superaram as pesadas nas semanas 61-65. Nas semanas 57 a 65, não houve diferenças significativas na produção de ovos entre as aves pesadas e médias. O peso às 19 semanas afetou ovos no chão, ovos trincados e ovos duplos (P < 0,05) nas semanas 22-34. As aves pesadas botaram menos ovos no chão, as médias tiveram menos ovos trincados (0,3%), e as leves produziram menos ovos com duas gemas (1,1%). Não houve impacto significativo do peso inicial no peso dos ovos. Em conclusão, o peso às 19 semanas influencia o ciclo de postura, com aves pesadas, médias e leves exibindo padrões distintos de produção de ovos, uso do ninho e características de qualidade em diferentes fases do ciclo. RESUMO 05 1 (pesadas 148 48 1,4 001 0 01 0,0 DP N 17 132 32 1,3 0039 039 0,03 51 119 1,1 0019 019 N172 N=17 6 2428, 2428 24 28, 28 24-28 4146, 4146 41 46, 46 41-46 6165. 6165 61 65. 61-65 5 chão P 0,05 005 2234. 2234 22 34. 34 22-34 0,3%, 03 0,3% , 3 (0,3%) 1,1%. 11 1,1% . (1,1%) conclusão postura 14 4 1, 00 0, 13 003 N17 N=1 242 2 24-2 414 41-4 616 61-6 223 22-3 0,3 (0,3% (1,1% N1 24- 41- 61- 22- (0,3 (1,1 (0, (1, (0 (1 (

ABSTRACT: A total of 860 Embrapa 051 pullets were allocated into three groups based on their 19-week body weights (heavy: 1.48 kg ± 0.01 SD, N= 172 birds, medium: 1.32 kg ± 0.039 SD, N= 516 birds, light: 1.19 kg ± 0.019 SD, N=172 birds) and housed in floor pens with nests for a 65-week production period. Heavy-weight birds exhibited higher egg production during weeks 24-28, while medium-weight hens surpassed heavy-weight counterparts between weeks 41-46, and light-weight hens outperformed heavy-weight birds in weeks 61-65. From weeks 57-65, no significant egg production differences were noted between heavy and medium-weight hens. Body weight at 19 weeks affected floor eggs, cracked eggs, and double-yolk eggs (P < 0.05) during weeks 22-34. Heavy-weight hens laid fewer floor eggs, medium-weight hens had fewer cracked eggs (0.3%), and light-weight hens produced fewer double-yolk eggs (1.1%). No significant impact of weight grouping on egg weight was observed. Results indicated that body weight at 19 weeks influences the laying cycle, with heavy, medium, and light-weight hens exhibiting distinct egg production patterns, nest use and egg quality traits at different phases of the cycle. ABSTRACT 86 05 19week week (heavy 148 1 48 1.4 001 0 01 0.0 SD N 17 medium 132 32 1.3 0039 039 0.03 51 light 119 1.1 0019 019 N172 N=17 65week 65 period Heavyweight Heavy 2428, 2428 24 28, 28 24-28 mediumweight heavyweight 4146, 4146 41 46, 46 41-46 lightweight 6165. 6165 61 65. 61-65 5765, 5765 57 65, 57-65 doubleyolk double yolk P 0.05 005 2234. 2234 22 34. 34 22-34 0.3%, 03 0.3% , 3 (0.3%) 1.1%. 11 1.1% . (1.1%) observed cycle patterns 8 14 4 1. 00 0. 13 003 5 N17 N=1 6 242 2 24-2 414 41-4 616 61-6 576 57-6 223 22-3 0.3 (0.3% (1.1% N1 24- 41- 61- 57- 22- (0.3 (1.1 (0. (1. (0 (1 (

RESUMO Óleos essenciais usados como bioherbicidas são uma alternativa promissora na agricultura. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial fitotóxico do óleo essencial de Piper marginatum, através de estudo in vitro com folhas destacadas e em pós-emergência de três espécies comerciais (alface, pimentão e tomate) e uma planta daninha (Spermacoce verticillata). Os experimentos foram conduzidos em delineamento casualizado com seis tratamentos que consistiram em quatro concentrações de óleo essencial (0,001; 0,01; 0,1 e 1% [v/v]), e dois tratamentos controle (água destilada, e 1% de polissorbato 80 em água destilada). O óleo essencial de P. marginatum apresentou efeito fitotóxico sobre as folhas das espécies experimentais. A maior concentração de óleo essencial resultou em maiores efeitos de toxicidade nas folhas de tomate, alface e pimentão. A concentração de 0,1% de óleo essencial foi suficiente para destruir completamente as folhas de S. verticillata. Sete dias após a aplicação, o óleo essencial de P. marginatum não evidenciou efeitos adversos no crescimento das plantas na fase pós-emergencial. Recomenda-se investigar sua possível atividade fitotóxica em outras fases do desenvolvimento vegetal, para entender o seu modo de ação e potencial como alternativa no desenvolvimento de bioprodutos para controle de plantas daninhas. agricultura pósemergência pós emergência alface, (alface tomate Spermacoce verticillata . verticillata) 0,001 0001 0 001 (0,001 0,01 01 1 0, v/v, vv v/v , v [v/v]) destilada 8 destilada. destilada) P experimentais S aplicação pósemergencial. pósemergencial emergencial. emergencial pós-emergencial Recomendase Recomenda se vegetal daninhas 0,00 000 00 (0,00 0,0 [v/v] (0,0 [v/v (0, (0 (

ABSTRACT Essential oils used as bioherbicides are a promising alternative in agriculture. This study aimed to assess the phytotoxic potential of Piper marginatum essential oil through an in vitro study with detached and post-emergence leaves of three commercial species (lettuce, pepper, and tomato) and a weed (Spermacoce verticillata). The experiments were conducted in a randomized design with six treatments that consisted of four concentrations of essential oil (0.001, 0.01, 0.1, and 1% [v/v]) and two control treatments (distilled water, and 1% polysorbate 80 in distilled water). The P. marginatum essential oil had a phytotoxic effect on the leaves of the experimental species. The highest essential oil concentration resulted in greater toxicity effects on tomato, lettuce, and pepper leaves. The 0.1% essential oil concentration completely destroyed the S. verticillata leaves. Seven days after application, the P. marginatum essential oil did not show adverse effects on plant growth in the post-emergence phase. It is recommended to investigate its possible phytotoxic activity in other phases of plant development to understand its mode of action and potential as an alternative to developing bioproducts for weed control. agriculture postemergence post emergence lettuce (lettuce tomato Spermacoce verticillata. . verticillata) 0.001, 0001 0 001 (0.001 01 0.01 1 0.1 v/v vv v [v/v] water 8 water. water) P S application phase 0.001 000 00 (0.00 0.0 0. [v/v 0.00 (0.0 (0. (0 (

ABSTRACT Purpose: To describe the ophthalmological findings of dry eye disease and its relation to the quality of life of COVID-19 survivors. Methods: COVID-19 survivors who had previously been hospitalized at Hospital das Clínicas de Ribeirão Preto complex underwent an ophthalmological evaluation, which included a dry eye disease questionnaire, break-up time, fluorescein staining, and Schirmer test. We collected the presenting and best-corrected visual acuity, sociodemographic data, personal medical history, and scores from a self-reported quality of life questionnaire (WHOQOL-bref). According to the severity of the acute phase of the disease, the patients were classified into mild-to-moderate, severe, and critical groups. Results: Ninety-five patients (190 eyes) were evaluated 100 ± 44 days after the onset of COVID-19 symptoms. Of these, 83 patients (87.3%) completed the WHOQOL-bref questionnaire. Ten patients (12.0%) had mild-to-moderate COVID-19, 41 (49.4%) had severe COVID-19, and 32 (38.6%) had critical COVID-19. The median best-corrected visual acuity was logMAR 0 (0-1). Approximately 26.3% patients had a history of dry eye disease or severe dry eye symptoms (frequent or constant ocular dryness and irritation). There was an association between the proportion of patients with dry eye disease and the quality of life (p=0.014) and health (p=0.001). Furthermore, there was a significant trend between the proportion of patients with dry eye disease and how they rated their health and quality of life (p=0.0004 and 0.0027, respectively. Conclusions: There is a significant negative correlation between the proportion of patients with dry eye disease and their self-reported quality of life. Purpose COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 Methods evaluation breakup break up time staining test bestcorrected best corrected data selfreported self reported WHOQOLbref. WHOQOLbref WHOQOL bref . (WHOQOL-bref) mildtomoderate, mildtomoderate mild moderate, moderate groups Results Ninetyfive Ninety five 190 (19 eyes 10 4 these 8 87.3% 873 87 3 (87.3% 12.0% 120 12 (12.0% COVID19, 19, 49.4% 494 49 (49.4% 38.6% 386 38 6 (38.6% COVID19. 19. 01. 01 1 (0-1) 263 26 26.3 frequent irritation. irritation irritation) p=0.014 p0014 p 014 (p=0.014 p=0.001. p0001 p=0.001 001 (p=0.001) Furthermore p=0.0004 p00004 0004 (p=0.000 00027 0027 0.0027 respectively Conclusions COVID1 COVID- (WHOQOL-bref (1 87.3 (87.3 12.0 (12.0 49.4 (49.4 38.6 (38.6 (0-1 2 26. p=0.01 p001 (p=0.01 p000 p=0.00 00 (p=0.001 p=0.000 p0000 000 (p=0.00 0002 002 0.002 ( 87. (87. 12. (12. 49. (49. 38. (38. (0- p=0.0 p00 (p=0.0 0.00 (87 (12 (49 (38 (0 p=0. p0 (p=0. 0.0 (8 (4 (3 p=0 (p=0 0. p= (p= (p

ABSTRACT Purpose: To determine the impact of prophylactic intracameral cefuroxime administration on the post-cataract surgery endophthalmitis rates and analyze its safety. Methods: The incidence of post-phacoemulsification endophthalmitis before and after the introduction of antibiotic prophylaxis with cefuroxime was compared. Data were extracted from the electronic medical records of patients who underwent cataract surgery between July 2019 and July 2022 at a tertiary-care hospital. Data were also collected from the Hospital Infection Control Service database. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the efficacy of cefuroxime prophylaxis in reducing endophthalmitis rates. Results: Of the 4459 cataract surgeries included in the study, 2247 were included in the control group (pre-cefuroxime), and 2212 were included in the post-cefuroxime (ATB-P) Group. In the control group, 6 (0.13%) cases of endophthalmitis were reported. In the ATB-P Group, there were no cases of acute endophthalmitis. The frequency of endophthalmitis was significantly higher in the control group than in the ATB-P Group (p=0.016). Furthermore, Staphylococcus sp. was the most identified causative agent (75%). No adverse effects were reported after cefuroxime administration. Conclusion: The introduction of intracameral prophylaxis with cefuroxime significantly reduced the incidence of post-cataract surgery endophthalmitis. Additionally, its administration is safe. Purpose postcataract post safety Methods postphacoemulsification phacoemulsification compared 201 202 tertiarycare tertiary care hospital database Results 445 study 224 precefuroxime, precefuroxime pre , (pre-cefuroxime) 221 postcefuroxime ATBP ATB P (ATB-P 0.13% 013 0 13 (0.13% p=0.016. p0016 p p=0.016 . 016 (p=0.016) Furthermore sp 75%. 75 75% (75%) Conclusion Additionally safe 20 44 22 (pre-cefuroxime 0.13 01 1 (0.13 p001 p=0.01 (p=0.016 7 (75% 2 4 0.1 (0.1 p00 p=0.0 (p=0.01 (75 0. (0. p0 p=0. (p=0.0 (7 (0 p=0 (p=0. ( p= (p=0 (p= (p

ABSTRACT Purpose: To compare objective and subjective intraocular pressure measurements immediately after cataract surgery and intraocular pressure measurements between less experienced surgeons (Group 1) and experienced surgeons (Group 2). Methods: Surgeons were asked to estimate the IOP after corneal sealing after surgery based on their tactile perception of eye tension (subjective intraocular pressure) Objective intraocular pressure was measured using a Perkins tonometer while patients were still in the surgical field. Objective intraocular pressure was compared to subjective intraocular pressure. Results from less experienced surgeons were compared to more experienced surgeons. Results: The study comprised 81 surgeries (81 eyes) performed by 27 surgeons. The mean objective intraocular pressure (9.14 mmHg; SD=5.86) was statistically significantly lower (p<0.001) than the mean subjective intraocular pressure (19.21 mmHg; SD=4.82). Hypotony (intraocular pressure <6mmHg) was observed in 25 eyes (30.86%). The mean subjective intraocular pressure was 18.8 mmHg (SD=5.19) for less experienced surgeons and 19.5 mmHg (SD=4.46) for more experienced, without statistically significant difference (p=0.541). No statistically significant difference (p=0.71) was observed when comparing objective intraocular pressure in Group 1 (10.32 mmHg; SD=6.65) and Group 2 (7.97 mmHg; SD=4.7). Conclusion: Objective intraocular pressure was significantly lower than subjective intraocular pressure, regardless of surgeons’ experience. This study showed that the subjective method is unreliable compared to the gold standard (Perkins tonometer) and does not improve with surgeons’ experience. Establishing standard training methods is paramount to developing surgeons’ skills. Purpose 2. . 2) Methods field 8 (8 9.14 914 9 14 (9.1 SD=5.86 SD586 SD 5 86 p<0.001 p0001 p 0 001 (p<0.001 19.21 1921 19 21 (19.2 SD=4.82. SD482 SD=4.82 4 82 SD=4.82) <6mmHg 6mmHg 30.86%. 3086 30.86% 30 (30.86%) 188 18 18. SD=5.19 SD519 (SD=5.19 195 19. SD=4.46 SD446 46 (SD=4.46 p=0.541. p0541 p=0.541 541 (p=0.541) p=0.71 p071 71 (p=0.71 10.32 1032 10 32 (10.3 SD=6.65 SD665 6 65 7.97 797 7 97 (7.9 SD=4.7. SD47 SD=4.7 SD=4.7) Conclusion experience skills ( 9.1 91 (9. SD=5.8 SD58 p<0.00 p000 00 (p<0.00 19.2 192 (19. SD48 SD=4.8 308 30.86 3 (30.86% SD=5.1 SD51 (SD=5.1 SD=4.4 SD44 (SD=4.4 p054 p=0.54 54 (p=0.541 p=0.7 p07 (p=0.7 10.3 103 (10. SD=6.6 SD66 7.9 79 (7. SD4 SD=4. 9. (9 SD=5. SD5 p<0.0 p00 (p<0.0 (19 30.8 (30.86 (SD=5. (SD=4. p05 p=0.5 (p=0.54 p=0. p0 (p=0. 10. (10 SD=6. SD6 7. (7 SD=4 SD=5 p<0. (p<0. (1 30. (30.8 (SD=5 (SD=4 (p=0.5 p=0 (p=0 SD=6 SD= p<0 (p<0 (30. (SD= p= (p= p< (p< (30 (SD (p (3

ABSTRACT Purpose: Keratoconus presents certain peculiarities in pediatric patients when compared with adults. The greatest challenge in children is that the disease is more severe and faster in progression. In this retrospective study, we aimed to compare the accelerated and Dresden protocols for corneal crosslinking in patients aged <18 years who were followed-up for at least 12 months. Methods: A total of 36 eyes from 27 patients were included in the study. The best corrected and uncorrected visual acuity, maximal keratometry, corneal thickness, foveal thickness, and endothelial microscopy findings were evaluated at baseline and during the postoperative period at one, three, and six months. Thereafter, the patients were evaluated at one, three, six and twelve months postoperative. Corneal crosslinking was performed in all patients via the Dresden protocol (n=21 eyes) or the accelerated protocol (n=15 eyes). Data between the two groups were compared and XY statistical analysis was used. Results: Both protocols were effective in halting keratoconus progression. No patient had progression at the 12-month follow-up. A significant reduction in Kmax and improvement in the corrected distance visual acuity were observed only in the Dresden protocol group. Although the Dresden protocol was superior to the accelerated protocol in reducing Kmax (p=0.002), there was no significant difference in corrected distance visual acuity between the two groups. Conclusion: The accelerated protocol is as efficient as the Dresden protocol in stabilizing keratoconus progression. Although the Dresden protocol was superior to the accelerated protocol in reducing the Kmax, it did not produce better clinical results. Thus, the accelerated protocol is an efficient option. Furthermore, considering the advantages of reduced surgical time, the accelerated protocol is effective in halting keratoconus progression in the pediatric age group. Purpose adults study 18 <1 followedup followed up 1 Methods 3 2 keratometry thickness one three Thereafter n=21 n21 n 21 (n=2 n=15 n15 15 (n=1 eyes. . used Results 12month month followup. followup follow up. follow-up group p=0.002, p0002 p p=0.002 , 0 002 (p=0.002) Conclusion results Thus option Furthermore time < n=2 n2 (n= n=1 n1 p000 p=0.00 00 (p=0.002 n= (n p00 p=0.0 (p=0.00 p0 p=0. (p=0.0 p=0 (p=0. p= (p=0 (p= (p

In the present work, three series of cinnamic (1), p-coumaric (2) and ferulic (3) esters containing different side-chains such as ethyl (1a-3a), n-propyl (1b-3b), n-butyl (1c-3c), n-pentyl (1d-3d), n-hexyl (1e-3e), and n-heptyl (1f-3f) were prepared, tested for activity against trypomastigote forms of the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi and toxicity against NCTC cells. Obtained results indicated that the presence of p-coumaric or ferulic moieties associated with C4-C7 linear side-chains play an important role in the bioactivity against T. cruzi since compounds 2c-2f and 3d-3f were found to be the most active derivatives with a half maximal effective concentration (EC50) value ranging from 12.8 to 1.7 μM, superior to that determined for the positive control benznidazole (EC50 = 16.4 μM). Additionally, machine learning and multivariate statistical analyses identified molecular features correlated with biological activity, emphasizing the importance of side-chain length and lipophilicity, highlighting the significance of the molecular structure of phenylpropanoid derivatives in the activity against T. cruzi. work 1, 1 , (1) pcoumaric p coumaric 2 (2 3 (3 sidechains side chains 1a3a, 1a3a aa 1a 3a (1a-3a) npropyl n propyl 1b3b, 1b3b bb 1b 3b b (1b-3b) nbutyl butyl 1c3c, 1c3c cc 1c 3c c (1c-3c) npentyl pentyl 1d3d, 1d3d dd 1d 3d d (1d-3d) nhexyl hexyl 1e3e, 1e3e ee 1e 3e e (1e-3e) nheptyl heptyl 1f3f ff 1f 3f f (1f-3f prepared cells C4C7 CC C4 C7 C C4-C T 2c2f cf 2c 2f 3d3f df EC50 EC 128 12 8 12. 17 7 1. μM (EC5 164 16 4 16. μM. . μM) Additionally sidechain chain lipophilicity (1 ( (1a-3a (1b-3b (1c-3c (1d-3d (1e-3e C4C EC5 (EC

RESUMO: A fisiologia das plantas muda ao longo do dia porque os fotoassimilados podem aumentar a concentração de carboidratos solúveis em água à tarde em comparação com a manhã. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do horário de colheita na composição morfológica da silagem de milho de planta inteira, tamanho de partícula, perfil de fermentação, composição química, degradação in vitro e estimativa da produção de leite. Um ensaio agronômico de dois anos foi realizado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, e um silo experimental foi produzido por cada parcela (n = 16). A colheita da tarde aumentou (P < 0,01) o teor de matéria seca em relação à colheita da manhã. A época de colheita não afetou (P ≥ 0,32) a proporção de grãos, colmos e folhas do milho e o tamanho das partículas da silagem. Entretanto, a colheita da manhã aumentou (P = 0,01) a recuperação de matéria seca e não teve efeito (P ≥ 0,10) no pH da silagem e nas concentrações de ácido láctico e acético em comparação à colheita da tarde. Além disso, a colheita da tarde, em vez da colheita da manhã, aumentou (P ≤ 0,05) o amido da silagem, os carboidratos solúveis em água, a lignina detergente ácida e o teor de extrato etéreo e a degradação in vitro da matéria seca. Controversamente, os tratamentos não mostraram efeito (P ≥ 0,14) na concentração de energia da silagem, no conteúdo energético estimado e na produção de leite. Assim, a colheita da manhã produz mais matéria seca da silagem, mas a colheita da tarde melhora o valor nutricional da silagem de milho sem impacto na produção estimada de leite. RESUMO inteira partícula fermentação química leite casualizado n 16. 16 . 16) P 0,01 001 0 01 0,32 032 32 grãos Entretanto 0,10 010 10 disso 0,05 005 05 Controversamente 0,14 014 14 Assim 1 0,0 00 0,3 03 3 0,1 0,

ABSTRACT: Plants’ physiology changes through the day because photoassimilates can increase water-soluble carbohydrate concentration in the afternoon compared to the morning. This study evaluated the harvest time effect on whole-plant corn silage morphological composition, particle size, fermentation profile, chemical composition, in vitro degradation, and estimated milk yield. A two-year agronomic assay was performed in a completely random design, and one experimental silo was produced by each parcel (n = 16). The afternoon harvest increased (P < 0.01) dry matter content compared to the morning harvest. Harvest time did not affect (P ≥ 0.32) corn grain, stalk, leaf proportion, and silage particle size. However, the morning harvest increased dry matter recovery (P = 0.01) and had no effect (P ≥ 0.10) on silage pH and concentrations of lactic and acetic acid compared to the afternoon harvest. In addition, afternoon harvest instead of morning harvest increased (P ≤ 0.05) silage starch, water-soluble carbohydrates, acid detergent lignin, and ether extract content and dry matter in vitro degradation. Controversially, treatments showed no effect (P ≥ 0.14) on silage energy concentration, estimated energy content, and milk yield. Thus, the morning harvest produces more silage dry matter, but the afternoon harvest improves corn silage’s nutritional value with no impact on estimated milk yield. ABSTRACT Plants watersoluble water soluble wholeplant whole plant composition size profile degradation yield twoyear two year design n 16. 16 . 16) P 0.01 001 0 01 0.32 032 32 grain stalk proportion However 0.10 010 10 addition 0.05 005 05 starch carbohydrates lignin Controversially 0.14 014 14 Thus silages s 1 0.0 00 0.3 03 3 0.1 0.