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Surface Modification of Endodontic Files with Silver Nanoparticles for Antimicrobial Purposes
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Ramírez-González, J. H Sánchez-Loredo, M. G Labrada-Delgado, G. J González-Amaro, A. M Méndez-González, M. V Zavala-Alonso, N. V

International journal of odontostomatology

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Mar 2025, Volumen 19 Nº 1 Paginas 45 - 54

Resumen: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT: The success of endodontic treatments is related to the neutralization of bacteria and their toxins, inside and outside the root canal system of a tooth. Usually this is achieved, under ideal conditions, by means of a chemical-mechanical action (endodontic files and irrigation with appropriate solutions). Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are well-known for their antibacterial properties, and, for this reason, the aim of this work was to modify the surface of Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) endodontic files with AgNPs, to confer them antimicrobial ability and avoid infections. For this purpose, the preparation and characterization of stable colloids of AgNPs were carried out. Ten NiTi files for endodontics (brand K3 XF, Sybron-Endo Keer) were divided into 2 groups; 5 for group 1 (control, files as received) and 5 for group 2 (files previously coated with AgNPs). Both groups were subjected to biofilm formation using a culture composed of Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis, in an anaerobic environment. Endodontic files were successfully modified with silver nanoparticles, and, after exposure under anaerobic conditions to the selected microorganisms. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the proliferation of microorganisms on the surface of the control files. In contrast, the modified and coated files showed no biofilm formation, and the bacteria exhibited changes in cell wall morphology, likely associated with wall rupture and subsequent cell death. The coating of silver nanoparticles on the surface of the files shows to change the morphology of the bacterial wall, causing death and thus inhibition in formation of microbiological biofilms. Since reactive oxygen species (ROS) are unlikely to be present under the anaerobic conditions used, the microbicidal effect of the nanoparticles indicates that ROS-promoted oxidative stress is not an important mechanism of action, and inactivation of thiol-containing proteins could be a more important mechanism.

RESUMEN: El éxito de los tratamientos de endodoncia está relacionado con la neutralización de las bacterias y sus toxinas, dentro y fuera del sistema de conductos radiculares de un diente. Habitualmente esto se consigue, en condiciones ideales, mediante una acción químico-mecánica (limas endodónticas e irrigación con soluciones adecuadas). Las nanopartículas de plata (AgNPs) son conocidas por sus propiedades antibacterianas, por lo que el objetivo de este trabajo fue modificar la superficie de limas endodónticas de Níquel-Titanio (NiTi) con AgNPs, para conferirles capacidad antimicrobiana y evitar infecciones. Se realizó la preparación y caracterización de coloides estables de AgNPs. Diez limas NiTi para endodoncia (marca K3 XF, Sybron-Endo Keer) se dividieron en dos grupos; 5 para el grupo 1 (control, limas tal como se recibieron) y 5 para el grupo 2 (limas previamente recubiertas con AgNP). Ambos grupos fueron sometidos a la formación de biopelículas utilizando un cultivo compuesto por Candida albicans y Enterococcus faecalis, en un ambiente anaeróbico. Las limas endodónticas se modificaron exitosamente con nanopartículas de plata y, después de la exposición en condiciones anaeróbicas a los microorganismos seleccionados. El análisis mediante microscopía electrónica de barrido reveló proliferación de microorganismos en la superficie de las limas de control. En contraste, las limas modificadas y recubiertas no presentaron formación de biopelículas, y las bacterias evidenciaron cambios en la morfología de su pared celular, posiblemente asociados a la ruptura de esta y a la consecuente muerte celular. El recubrimiento de nanopartículas de plata en la superficie de las limas cambia la morfología de la pared bacteriana, provocando la muerte y por lo tanto la inhibición en la formación de biopelículas microbiológicas. Dado que es poco probable que estén presentes especies reactivas de oxígeno (ROS) en las condiciones anaeróbicas utilizadas, el efecto microbicida de las nanopartículas indica que el estrés oxidativo promovido por ROS no es un mecanismo de acción importante, y la inactivación de proteínas que contienen tioles podría ser un mecanismo más importante.

Biochemical and enzymatic alterations of watermelon associated with irrigation management and inoculation with Rhizobacteria
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de Araújo, Mycaella Gonçalves

; Mesquita, Alessandro Carlos

; Simões, Welson Lima

; de Carvalho, Raquel Nunes

; Rodrigues Felix, Ana Thaila

; da Silva, Jucicléia Soares

Scientia Agropecuaria

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Ene 2025, Volumen 16 Nº 1 Paginas 41 - 49

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Water stress has caused major losses in the agricultural productivity of crops, inducing the search for alternatives for sustainable cultivation. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the tolerance of watermelon under water stress, inoculated with bacterial strains of the genus Bacillus spp., regarding the biochemical and enzymatic variables in the flowering stage. A randomized block design was adopted in a split-plot 4x4 factorial scheme, with plots consisting of four levels of soil water availability (40%, 60%, 80% and 100% of field capacity - FC) and subplots consisting of four inoculations (Negative Control (NC); XX6.9 bacteria; P6.2 bacteria; MIX - co-inoculation of XX6.9 and P6.2 bacteria), with five replicates. XX6.9 bacteria and NC were the treatments most affected by severe water stress, since at the soil water availability (SWA) level of 40% FC they showed high contents of the oxidative marker (MDA) and proline. Although the inoculation with XX6.9 bacteria promoted a higher content of osmoregulators such as proteins, total soluble sugars and reducing sugars, it was not enough to attenuate the effects of water deficit. On the other hand, treatments with P6.2 bacteria and MIX of bacteria showed reduced levels of MDA at the SWA level of 40% FC, accompanied by high enzymatic activity of POD and CAT, which may contribute to the tolerance of the watermelon crop to water stress.

https://doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2025.004

Unraveling cerebroprotective potential of fenchone: A combined in vivo and in silico exploration of nitric oxide synthase modulation
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Mamatha, Bangaru

; Areti, Anka Rao

; Prasanth, DSNBK

; Malothu, Narender

Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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2025, Volumen 61 elocation e24281

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract In this study, we investigated the cerebroprotective effects of fenchone (FEN) against brain ischemia through in silico and in vivo approaches, focusing on the inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and the modulation of oxidative stress markers. Molecular docking revealed the potential binding affinity of FEN for the NOS active site, with a binding energy of -6.6 kcal/mol. This was validated through molecular dynamics simulations over a 100 ns time frame, demonstrating stability and favorable interaction profiles. Wistar albino rats underwent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion/reperfusion (BCCAO/R) followed by FEN administration at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg. Our results indicated a significant reduction in cerebral infarction size and improvements in electroencephalography (EEG) signal magnitude with FEN treatment. Additionally, FEN restored the activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase and superoxide dismutase) and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels and infarct size compared to those in untreated ischemic rats. Histological analysis further corroborated the neuroprotective effects of FEN, demonstrating the structural preservation of neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region. Overall, the results suggest that FEN plays a neuroprotective role in brain ischemia, potentially through the inhibition of NOS, reduction of oxidative stress, and modulation of antioxidants, highlighting the potential of FEN as a therapeutic candidate for ischemic stroke management.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s2175-97902025e24281

Reactive oxygen species attenuation improves the quality of vitrified-warmed bovine embryos
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Feuchard, Viviane Luzia da Silva

; Oliveira, Clara Slade

; Saraiva, Naiara Zoccal

; Quintão, Carolina Capobiango Romano

; Oliveira, Leticia Zoccolaro

Animal Reproduction

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2025, Volumen 22 Nº 1 elocation e20240035

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of modulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vitrified bovine in vitro produced (IVP) embryos. In experiment I we compared ROS production in fresh and vitrified-warmed blastocysts. In experiment II we evaluated the effects of antioxidant supplementation (100 μM of 2-mercaptoethanol; BME; 0 h to 2 h during warming) on ROS levels in vitrified-warmed blastocysts, and in experiment III we compared the development of fresh and vitrified-warmed blastocysts in the presence (BME) or absence (Control) of antioxidant (100 μM BME; 0 h to 48 h during warming). Higher ROS production (Fresh: 68.48 ± 7.92 vs Vitrified: 123.53 ± 13.15; P<0.05) and lower cell number was observed in vitrified compared to fresh embryos (Fresh: 123.01 ± 5.67 vs Vitrified: 103.04 ± 4.25; P<0.05). Antioxidant supplementation reduced ROS levels (Vitrified: 38.24 ± 1.27 vs. Vitrified/BME: 33.54 ± 1.08; P<0.05) and increased cell number in treated embryos (Vitrified: 100.65 ± 3.98 vs. Vitrified/BME: 112.95 ± 3.72; P<0.05). No differences were observed in the re-expansion rates of vitrified embryos cultured in the absence and presence of BME at 0, 2, and 4 h after warming (P>0.05). The embryo hatching rate did not differ (P>0.05) among embryos from the fresh, vitrified and vitrified/BME groups. However, the total cell numbers were higher (P<0.05) in vitrified embryos supplemented with BME (143.02 ± 6.97) than in vitrified embryos without BME (113.25 ± 5.09) but similar (P>0.05) to that observed in fresh embryos cultured with (150.54 ± 8.99) and without BME (142.71 ± 13.60). It was concluded that the vitrification and warming processes increased ROS levels in blastocysts and its attenuation with BME antioxidant improved embryonic quality.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-3143-ar2024-0035

The protective effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on boar sperm during preservation at 17 °C
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Hu, Qimeng

Animal Reproduction

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2025, Volumen 22 Nº 1 elocation e20230013

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract More than 90% of spermatozoa of boars in pork producing countries is stored in liquid at 17 °C; however, the quality of these spermatozoa is affected by bacterial breeding and oxidative damage. This study analyzed sperm quality and sperm capacitation after storage to study the effects of the effects of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) supplementation on seminal plasma (SP)-free sperm preservation. We investigated the effects of adding 20, 50, 100 and 200 μg/mL of ZnO NPs to a seminal free boar sperm diluent over a 7-day period at 17 °C to assess the changes in non-capacitated/capacitated sperm quality parameters, antioxidant capacity, ATP content and extent of protein tyrosine phosphorylation. The addition of different doses of ZnO NPs to stored sperm did not induce significant effects on the sperm motility and ATP content when compared to the sperm without ZnO NPs treatment. However, the addition of 50, 100, 200 μg/mL ZnO NPs to stored sperm improved total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and CuZn-superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD) (p < 0.05). ZnO NPs also reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) content of the preserved sperm (p < 0.05). Moreover, our results indicate that the supplementation of 50 μg/mL ZnO NPs to preserved sperm improved the sperm membrane integrity (p < 0.05). ZnO NPs exerted protective effects on protein tyrosine phosphorylation, especially with regards to membrane proteins. Following incubation and capacitation, sperm exhibited good levels of protein tyrosine phosphorylation and ATP levels with high T-AOC and CuZn-SOD activity and low MDA content. ZnO NPs exerted protective capacity to a preservation extender used for SP-free boar sperm during storage at 17 °C. The optimal concentration of ZnO NPs for preservation extender was 50 μg/mL.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-3143-ar2023-0013

Not that Innocent: Chemical and Toxicological Evaluation of Glycerin and Propylene Glycol Used in Vape Liquid Production
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Fragoso, Carlos L. R.

; Falco, Anna De

; Santa-Helena, Eduarda

; Espinosa, Guilherme V. Gioda, Carolina R. Gioda, Adriana

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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2025, Volumen 36 Nº 3 elocation e-20240222

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

This work evaluated the elemental content and toxicology of the primary materials of the e-liquids without adding nicotine and other additives. Elemental content was determined through inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analyses, and biological effects were evaluated in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and H9c2 cells. Elemental analysis did not detect toxic elements above the limit of quantification (LOQ). Toxic concentration with significant difference (p < 0.05) between the samples and the non-exposed cells for glycerin (7.5% m/v) and propylene glycol (12.5% m/v) and at 70/30 proportions (12.5% m/v), 50/50 (12.5% m/v), and 30/70 (6.25% m/v) were encountered. Yeast toxicity presented a concentration-dependent relation with growth inhibition and lethality. Cytotoxicity tests in mammalian cells presented significant differences (p < 0.05) at low concentrations of glycerin and propylene glycol exposition (1.25 and 0.25% m/v, respectively). High concentrations of glycerin and propylene glycol induced increased reactive oxygen species/lactate dehydrogenase, decreased catalase activity, and interference in cell viability. On acute exposure, pure glycerin and propylene glycol are toxic for yeast and H9c2 cells, increasing with proportions of glycerin/propylene glycol and the increased amount of propylene glycol in the solution. No correlation between elemental content and toxicity was observed.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20240222

CircRBM33 competitively binds miR-15a-5p to mediate EZH1 expression to ameliorate sepsis-induced acute lung injury
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Lin, Jinquan

; Wei, Qiongying

; Fang, Zhipeng

Clinics

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2025, Volumen 80 elocation 100550

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Background: The study was to investigate circRBM33 in septic acute lung injury (ALI). Methods: Treatment of Murine Lung Epithelial-12 cells (MLE-12) cells was performed using 10 ng/mL Lipopolysaccharide (LPS). circRBM33, miR-15a-5p, and Enhancer of zeste homolog 1 (EZH1) were ascertained through RT-qPCR or Western blot analysis. The viability of MLE-12 cells was measured using the MTT assay, and their rate of apoptosis was ascertained through flow cytometry. B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), and Bcl-2-associated X (Bax) were determined using Western blot analysis. Oxidative stress levels were assessed with ELISA kits, and levels of malondialdehyde(MDA) content, Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activity, and glutathione (GSH) were detected. Dual luciferase reporter gene and RIP assays verified the targeting link between miR-15a-5p and circRBM33 or EZH1. The role of circRBM33 in ALI in vivo was determined by performing cecum ligationperforation (CLP) surgery. HE staining, W/D pulmonary edema, and histological damage scores were taken to assess the extent of lung tissue damage. ELISA was performed to determine proinflammatory factors in lung tissue and cells. Results: CircRBM33 downregulation ameliorated ALI-induced edema, apoptotic, and inflammatory reactions in mouse lung tissues. In addition, apoptosis and inflammation mediated by LPS in MLE-12 cells were ameliorated by circRBM33 downregulation, whereas miR-15a-5p knockdown or EZH1 elevation eliminated the action of silencing circRBM33. circRBM33 mediated EZH1 expression by competitive adsorption of miR-15a-5p. Conclusion: CircRBM33 improves ALI in septic mice by targeting the miR-15a-5p/EZH1 axis.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinsp.2024.100550

L-theanine modulates tissue cortisol levels in zebrafish after single stress
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Silva, Vinícius Luís da

; Mayer, Mariana Spanamberg

; Severo, Andriele dos Reis

; Zambra, Andressa Leal

; Almeida, Joanna Moraes De

; Sestari, Laura Moura

; Parisi, Mariana Migliorini

; Giacomini, Ana Cristina Vendrametto Varrone

; Abreu, Murilo Sander De

; Bortolotto, Josiane Woutheres

; Bonfanti-Azzolin, Gabriela

Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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2025, Volumen 61 elocation e23375

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract L-theanine has neuromodulatory properties, such as attenuate anxiety disorders and stress. Stress is a situation characterized by the stimulus to cortisol secretion and without specific pharmacological therapies. Thus, this study investigates the effect of L-theanine on the response to acute stress, evaluated by tissue cortisol level, oxidative status markers, and behavioral parameters, in zebrafish. The animals were divided into six groups: G1: control, G2: treated with L-theanine 45 mg/L, G3: treated with L-theanine 100 mg/L, G4: stress, G5: stress+L-theanine 45 mg/L and G6: stress+L-theanine 100 mg/L. Before the execution of the acute stress protocol that consisted of chasing the animals with a net for two minutes, exposure to L-theanine was performed in aquarium water for 1 hour. Tissue cortisol levels were analyzed, as well as cerebral oxidative status (lipoperoxidation and levels of thiolic compounds) and fish behavior (new tank test). L-theanine at a concentration of 45 mg/mL modulated the effects of acute stress on zebrafish, inhibiting increased levels of tissue cortisol. However, it was not able to alter the behavior or oxidative status of the animals. Thus, we conclude that the administration of L-theanine can promote acute stress attenuation, modulating the pathological responses of stress.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s2175-97902025e23375

Lycopene supplementation reduces inflammatory, histopathological and DNA damage in an acute lung injury rabbit model
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Fioretto, José Roberto

; Klefens, Susiane Oliveira

; Carpi, Mário Ferreira

; Moraes, Marcos Aurélio

; Bonatto, Rossano César

; Ferreira, Ana Lúcia Anjos

; Corrêa, Camila Renata

; Kurokawa, Cilmery Suemi

; Ronchi, Carlos Fernando

Critical Care Science

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2025, Volumen 37 elocation e20250250

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Objective To investigate the effects of lycopene supplementation on inflammation, lung histopathology and systemic DNA damage in an experimentally induced lung injury model, ventilated by conventional mechanical ventilation and high-frequency oscillatory ventilation, compared with a control group. Methods Fifty-five rabbits sampled by convenience were supplemented with 10mg/kg lycopene for 21 days prior to the experiment. Lung injury was induced by tracheal infusion of warm saline. The rabbits were randomly assigned to the control group and subjected to protective conventional mechanical ventilation (n = 5) without supplementation or the experimental group that was subjected to acute lung injury and provided conventional mechanical ventilation and high-frequency oscillatory ventilation with and without lycopene supplementation (n = 10 rabbits in each group). Lung oxidative stress and the inflammatory response were assessed based on the number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, DNA damage and pulmonary histological damage. Results A significant worsening of oxygenation and a decrease in static lung compliance was noted in all groups after pulmonary injury induction (partial pressure of oxygen before 451.86 ± 68.54 and after 71 ± 19.27, p < 0.05). After 4 hours, the high-frequency oscillatory ventilation groups with and without lycopene supplementation as well as the group receiving protective conventional mechanical ventilation with lycopene supplementation showed significant oxygenation improvement compared with the protective conventional mechanical ventilation group without supplementation (partial pressure of oxygen of the group with mechanical ventilation without lycopene of 102 ± 42, of the group that received conventional protective mechanical ventilation with lycopene supplementation of 362 ± 38, of the high-frequency group without lycopene supplementation of 420 ± 28 and of the high-frequency group with lycopene supplementation of 422 ± 25; p < 0.05). Compared with rabbits not receiving supplementation, those in the groups that received protective conventional mechanical ventilation with lycopene supplementation and high-frequency oscillatory ventilation with lycopene supplementation had significantly less inflammation as well as less histological injury (p < 0.05). Compared with rabbits subjected to protective conventional mechanical ventilation, significantly lower DNA damage was observed in rabbits supplemented with lycopene (p < 0.05). Conclusion Lycopene supplementation reduces inflammatory and histopathological lung injuries, regardless of the associated ventilatory mode. In addition, lycopene improved oxygenation and reduced DNA damage when protective conventional mechanical ventilation was used.

https://doi.org/10.62675/2965-2774.20250250

10.

Investigating methylparaben's oxidative stress effects on rainbow trout blood, liver, and kidney toxicity
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Calisir, Mert Nur, Gokhan Caylak, Emrah

Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research

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2025, Volumen 92 Nº 1 Paginas 1 - 7

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

The widespread use of parabens has led to their accumulation in aquatic environments. This study examined the effects of methylparaben on rainbow trout, dividing 96 fish into control and treatment groups (1 mg/L, 5 mg/L, and 8 mg/L). Results showed dose-dependent weight loss, altered hepatosomatic indices, increased serum urea, uric acid, and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and decreased Glutathione Peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity. Histopathological analysis revealed liver and kidney abnormalities in treated groups, including hepatocyte degeneration, proliferation in the bile duct, glomerular atrophy, reduced haematopoietic tissue, increased melanomacrophage centres, necrosis and fibrosis. CONTRIBUTION: These findings highlight methylparaben's toxic effects, emphasising the need for stricter regulations and further research to safeguard aquatic ecosystems and understand its impact on aquatic organisms.

https://doi.org/10.4102/ojvr.v92i1.2200

11.

PERFORMANCE OF AN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION LINER AFTER LABORATORY UV EXPOSURE
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Lavoie, Fernando Luiz

; Kobelnik, Marcelo Valentin, Clever Aparecido Tirelli, Érica Fernanda da Silva Lopes, Maria de Lurdes Silva, Jefferson Lins da

Química Nova

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2025, Volumen 48 Nº 2 elocation e-20250019

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

High-density polyethylene (HDPE) geomembranes are commonly used as an environmental protection liner due to their good chemical and mechanical resistances and low cost. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is an essential issue in durability studies for pond applications. This study evaluated a 1.5-mm thick HDPE geomembrane exposed to ultraviolet fluorescent radiation for 8760 h in a laboratory and thermoanalytical and physical analyses were conducted towards the understanding of its performance after exposure. According to the results, although the geomembrane maintained the ductile behavior, it showed a 52.48% final decrease in stress crack resistance (SCR) compared to virgin SCR. Moreover, a considerable antioxidant depletion occurred after 8760 h exposure shown by the Std. OIT (standard oxidative-induction time) results, demonstrating a Std. OIT value decrease of 89.19% compared to the virgin Std. OIT. Such a behavior contributed to the susceptibility of thermal effects in the DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) curves and the losses observed in the SCR values, attesting the geomembrane’s oxidative degradation mechanism occurred and changed the polymer’s structure. Highdensity High density (HDPE cost UV (UV applications 1.5mm 15mm mm 1.5 1 5 876 results 5248 52 48 52.48 (SCR Moreover Std standard oxidativeinduction induction time 8919 89 19 89.19 differential calorimetry values s polymers polymer structure 5mm 15 1. 87 524 4 52.4 891 8 89.1 52. 89.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0100-4042.20250019

12.

Factors associated with the dietary total antioxidant capacity of pregnant Brazilian women
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Carvalho, Roberta Rejane Santos de

; Viola, Poliana Cristina de Almeida Fonseca

; Crispim, Sandra Patrícia

; França, Ana Karina Teixeira da Cunha

; Navarro, Anderson Marliere

; Souza, Bruno Feres de

; Faria, Franciane Rocha de

; Sperandio, Naiara

; Pizato, Nathalia

; Macedo, Mariana de Souza

; Pereira, Renata Junqueira

; Franceschini, Sylvia do Carmo Castro

; Carvalho, Carolina Abreu de

; Navarro, Anderson Marliere

; Carvalho, Carolina Abreu de

; Silva, Danielle Góes da

; Faria, Franciane Rocha de

; Sperandio, Naiara

; Meléndez, Jorge Gustavo Velásquez

; Barbosa, Míriam do Carmo Rodrigues

; Pizato, Nathalia

; Macedo, Mariana de Souza

; Pereira, Renata Junqueira

; Crispim, Sandra Patrícia

; Priore, Silvia Eloiza

; Franceschini, Sylvia do Carmo Castro

Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia

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2025, Volumen 28 elocation e250002

Resumen: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar os fatores sociodemográficos, maternos e gestacionais associados à capacidade antioxidante total da dieta em gestantes brasileiras. Métodos: Estudo transversal com 2.232 gestantes com 18 anos ou mais, no primeiro, segundo e terceiro trimestres de gestação de onze cidades das cinco regiões brasileiras. Foi aplicado um questionário semiestruturado para avaliação dos dados socioeconômicos, demográficos e de saúde, e o recordatório de 24h (R24h) para avaliação do consumo alimentar e análise da Capacidade Antioxidante Total da Dieta (CATd), estimada usando o método Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP). Resultados: A mediana de CATd foi de 5,32 mmol/dia. Aracaju (SE) apresentou a maior mediana de CATd (6,44 mmol/dia) e Palmas (TO) a menor (4,71 mmol/dia). As gestantes de 20 a 34 anos (OR 1,86; IC95% 1,26-2,76), 35 anos ou mais (OR 3,68; IC95% 2,21-6,14) e que estavam no segundo trimestre de gestação (OR 1,50; IC95%; 1,11-2,01) tiveram mais chances de estarem acima da mediana de CATd, enquanto as gestantes com maior escolaridade tinham 67% menos chance de estarem acima da mediana de CATd (OR 0,67; IC95% 0,48-0,92). Conclusão: O estudo demonstrou que há diferenças no consumo de antioxidantes em diferentes cidades do Brasil e que fatores associados, como idade, escolaridade e trimestre gestacional podem impactar na ingestão de alimentos ricos em antioxidantes. O perfil encontrado chama atenção para a importância de uma alimentação adequada e rica em antioxidantes durante o pré-natal.

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the sociodemographic, maternal, and gestational factors associated with the dietary total antioxidant capacity in pregnant Brazilian women. Methods: A cross-sectional study with 2,232 pregnant women aged 18 years old or older, in the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy, from eleven cities in the five Brazilian regions. A semi-structured questionnaire was applied to assess socioeconomic, demographic, and health data, and a 24-hour dietary recall (R24h) was used to assess food consumption and analyze the dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC), estimated using the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) method. Results: The median of DTAC was 5.32 mmol/day. Aracaju, Sergipe (SE) had the highest median of DTAC (6.44 mmol/day) and Palmas, Tocantins (TO) had the lowest (4.71 mmol/day). Pregnant women aged 20 to 34 years (OR 1.86; 95%CI 1.26-2.76), 35 years old or older (OR 3.68; 95%CI 2.21-6.14) and who were in the second trimester of pregnancy (OR 1.50; 95%CI 1.11-2.01) were more likely to be above the median DTAC. While pregnant women with higher education had a 67% lower chance of being above the median DTAC (OR 0.67; 95%CI 0.48-0.92). Conclusion: The study demonstrated that there are differences in antioxidant consumption in different cities in Brazil and that associated factors such as age, education, and gestational trimester can impact the intake of foods rich in antioxidants. The profile found draws attention to the importance of an adequate diet rich in antioxidants during prenatal care.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-549720250002

13.

Selenoacetylenes Protect against Beta-Amyloid Peptide-Induced Paralysis and Promote Longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans BetaAmyloid Beta Amyloid PeptideInduced Peptide Induced
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Figueiredo, Maria Isabela S.

; Mello, Ivani S.

; Targanski, Sabrina K.

; Duarte, Juliana S.

; Vasconcelos, Leonardo G. Stein, André Luiz A. Soares, Marcos Antonio

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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2025, Volumen 36 Nº 2 elocation e-20240131

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Selenium-containing compounds exhibit diverse biological activities, such as antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and cancer preventive effects. Using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism, we assessed the toxicity, neuroprotective, antioxidant properties, and impact on longevity of 11 selenoacetylenes. Their toxicity and bioactivities varied based on molecular structure. Selenoacetylenes with butyl substituents were toxic to Galleria mellonella larvae. The presence of but-3-in-2-ol radical increased antiprotozoal activity against Tetrahymena pyriformis. Compared to the positive control (Nimitz® EC), selenoacetylenes were less toxic to nematode worms and eggs. Selenoacetylenes significantly reduced amyloid beta (Aβ) paralysis in C. elegans CL4176 worms, increased longevity by 18 to 22%, along with improving survival after oxidative or thermal stress. Galantamine, showed inferior results. These findings enhance our understanding of selenoacetylenes on neuroprotection, antioxidant activity, and longevity in C. elegans. Future mammalian studies will further elucidate mechanisms and explore the potential therapeutic use of selenoacetylenes in treating Alzheimer’s disease and longevity. Seleniumcontaining Selenium containing activities antioxidative antiinflammatory, antiinflammatory anti inflammatory, inflammatory anti-inflammatory effects organism neuroprotective properties 1 structure larvae but3in2ol butinol but 3 2 ol pyriformis Nimitz® Nimitz (Nimitz EC, EC , EC) eggs Aβ (Aβ C CL CL417 22 22% stress Galantamine results neuroprotection Alzheimers Alzheimer s CL41 CL4

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20240131

14.

Hyaluronic acid-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition of human lens epithelial cells via CD44 and TGF-β2 acidmediated acid mediated epithelialmesenchymal mesenchymal CD CD4 TGFβ2 TGFβ TGF β2 β TGF-β
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Gui, Yumin

; Peng, Jianjun

; Jiang, Shuanghong

Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia

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2025, Volumen 88 Nº 1 elocation e2023-0163

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Purpose: The epithelial–mesenchymal transition of human lens epithelial cells plays a role in posterior capsule opacification, a fibrotic process that leads to a common type of cataract. Hyaluronic acid has been implicated in this fibrosis. Studies have investigated the role of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2 in epithelial–mesenchymal transition. However, the role of TGF-β2 in hyaluronic acid-mediated fibrosis of lens epithelial cell remains unknown. We here examined the role of TGF-β2 in the hyaluronic acid-mediated epithelial–mesenchymal transition of lens epithelial cells. Methods: Cultured human lens epithelial cells (HLEB3) were infected with CD44-siRNA by using the Lipofectamine 3000 transfection reagent. The CCK-8 kit was used to measure cell viability, and the scratch assay was used to determine cell migration. Cell oxidative stress was analyzed in a dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate assay and by using a flow cytometer. The TGF-β2 level in HLEB3 cells was examined through immunohistochemical staining. The TGF-β2 protein level was determined through western blotting. mRNA expression levels were determined through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: Treatment with hyaluronic acid (1.0 μM, 24 h) increased the epithelial–mesenchymal transition of HLEB3 cells. The increase in TGF-β2 levels corresponded to an increase in CD44 levels in the culture medium. However, blocking the CD44 function significantly reduced the TGF-β2-mediated epithelial–mesenchymal transition response of HLEB3 cells. Conclusions: Our study showed that both CD44 and TGF-β2 are critical contributors to the hyaluronic acid-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition of lens epithelial cells, and that TGF-β2 in epithelial-mesenchymal transition is regulated by CD44. These results suggest that CD44 could be used as a target for preventing hyaluronic acid-induced posterior capsule opacification. Our findings suggest that CD44/TGF-β2 is crucial for the hyaluronic acid-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition of lens epithelial cells. Purpose epithelialmesenchymal mesenchymal opacification cataract TGFβ2 TGFβ TGF β2 β (TGF)-β However TGF-β acidmediated mediated unknown Methods HLEB (HLEB3 CD44siRNA CDsiRNA siRNA CD 300 reagent CCK8 CCK 8 CCK- viability migration dichlorodihydrofluorescein dichloro dihydro fluorescein cytometer staining blotting realtime real time reaction Results 1.0 10 1 0 (1. μM 2 h CD4 medium TGFβ2mediated TGFβmediated Conclusions acidinduced induced CD44/TGFβ2 CD44TGFβ2 CDTGFβ CD44/TGF CD44/TGF-β (HLEB 30 1. (1 CD44/TGFβ CD44TGFβ CD44TGF CDTGF 3 (

https://doi.org/10.5935/0004-2749.2023-0163

15.

In silico Screening of Monamine Oxidase B Inhibitors for the Treatment of Central Nervous System Disorders
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Costa, Anderson L. P. da

; Lima, Henrique B.

; Silva, Ana C. J. Oliveira, Gabrieli S. Barcelos, Mariana P. Silva, Carlos H. T. P. da Hage-Melim, Lorane I. S.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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2025, Volumen 36 Nº 4 elocation e-20240192

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Worldwide, millions of people suffer from neurological and psychiatric conditions, such as schizophrenia, depression, and neurodegenerative diseases. These conditions are often linked to hyperactivity of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) in the brain, and inhibiting this enzyme can reduce oxidative stress, stabilize neurotransmitter levels, and alleviate symptoms. In this context, a pharmacophoric model was created using PharmaGist with 31 hits extracted from BindingDB to enable a pharmacophoric-based search of potential MAO-B inhibitors in ZincPharmer’s chemical space, followed by the building of 10 conformers for each molecule in the software OMEGA, screening for structural and electrostatic similarity to safinamide using ROCS (Rapid overlay of chemical structures) and EON (Electrostatic similarity for lead-hopping), respectively. In addition, the molecular docking with Gold using the score function was performed to rank the ligands with the highest probabilities of affinity to MAO-B and then discriminate those with suitable physical chemical, pharmacokinetic, and toxicological features using the tools QikProp, SwissADME, and DEREK. Four potential ligands with selective MAO-B inhibitor properties were identified, which show promise as future therapeutic agents for MAO-B-related disorders. Worldwide schizophrenia depression diseases MAOB MAO (MAO-B brain stress levels symptoms context 3 pharmacophoricbased based ZincPharmers ZincPharmer s space 1 OMEGA Rapid structures Electrostatic leadhopping, leadhopping lead hopping , lead-hopping) respectively addition pharmacokinetic QikProp SwissADME DEREK identified MAOBrelated related disorders lead-hopping

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20240192

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