Abstract: The research analyzed the internal control actions carried out by the State Department of Health of Pernambuco, in light of the management contracts and additive terms with the Social Health Organizations (SHO) for hospital administration, in the period 2009- 2019. In this study, simultaneously with the expansionist trend management by SHO, it is stated that there are distortions in internal control when observing generic contractual objects; outsourcing of services; and contractual readjustments without legal provision.

Resumo: A pesquisa analisou as ações de controle interno realizadas pela Secretaria Estadual de Saúde de Pernambuco, à luz dos contratos de gestão e termos aditivos com as Organizações Sociais da Saúde (OSS) para a administração hospitalar, no período 2009-2019. Neste estudo, simultaneamente à tendência expansionista de gestão por OSS, afirma-se haver distorções no controle interno quando da observação de objetos contratuais genéricos; quarteirização de serviços; e reajustes contratuais sem previsão legal.

Abstract: Chile is the fifth largest economy in Latin America and one of its main economic activities is mining, a sector in which subcontracting has grown exponentially in the last decade. However, despite its importance, the process of awarding subcontracts lacks a deeper understanding that identifies its inefficiencies and opportunities for improvement. This context motivates the study of the subcontract bidding and awarding process within a contractor company in mining projects. A database with real projects was used, comprising 13 projects with an average of 33 subcontracts executed during 2023, complemented by a qualitative content analysis of interviews with 18 experts. This combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis aims to identify critical areas of the current process and propose potential improvements. Our results reveal inefficiencies in the approval and supplier management stages. Proposed improvements include the implementation of training, streamlining of approvals and greater control over suppliers. These results suggest that optimizing the outsourcing process would not only increase efficiency, but also may improve project quality. Future research might focus on modeling subcontracting processes to test potential improvements.

Resumen: Chile es la quinta economía de América Latina y una de sus principales actividades económicas es la minería, sector en el que la subcontratación ha crecido exponencialmente en la última década. Sin embargo, a pesar de su importancia, el proceso de adjudicación de subcontratos carece de un conocimiento más profundo que identifique sus ineficiencias y oportunidades de mejora. Este contexto motiva el estudio del proceso de licitación y adjudicación de subcontratos dentro de una empresa contratista en proyectos mineros. Se utilizó una base de datos con proyectos reales, compuesta por 13 proyectos con un promedio de 33 subcontratos ejecutados durante 2023, complementada con un análisis de contenido cualitativo de entrevistas a 18 expertos. Esta combinación de análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo tiene como objetivo identificar áreas críticas del proceso actual y proponer posibles mejoras. Nuestros resultados revelan ineficiencias en las etapas de aprobación y gestión de proveedores. Las mejoras propuestas incluyen la implementación de capacitaciones, agilización de aprobaciones y un mayor control sobre los proveedores. Estos resultados sugieren que optimizar el proceso de subcontratación no sólo aumentaría la eficiencia, sino que también podría mejorar la calidad del proyecto. Las investigaciones futuras podrían centrarse en modelar procesos de subcontratación para probar posibles mejoras.

Die uitkontraktering van vervaardiging aan 'n kontrakvervaardiger is 'n groeiende praktyk wat sedert die eeuwisseling wêreldwyd prominensie verwerf het. Hierdie sakepraktyk is algemeen in farmaseutiese en elektroniese industrieë, en het nou ook algemene praktyk in verbruikersprodukverskaffingskettings geword. Hierdie praktyk het vele uitdagings; in die meeste gevalle bereik dit nie die beoogde doelwitte nie, met 'n aantal kontrakvervaardigingsmaatskappye (CMC's) in Suid-Afrika wat hul besigheid beëindig. Navorsing en die literatuur oor kontrakvervaardiging is oorwegend gefokus op die aspekte van kontrakvervaardiging en die rol en impak daarvan in die voorsieningsketting. Daar is egter baie min, indien enige, vakkundige artikels oor die faktore wat maak dat CMC's in die verbruikersprodukte-voorsieningsketting in Suid-Afrika suksesvol is en volhoubare besighede en strategiese vennote vir hul handelsmerkeienaar-kliënte word. Hierdie studie het ten doel gehad om hierdie gaping te vul deur, deur empiriese navorsing van kundiges in kontrakvervaardiging, die faktore te identifiseer wat krities is vir kontrakvervaardigers om sukses te behaal en om volhoubare besighede te wees wat kan bydra tot die sukses van hul kliënte. Verskeie kritieke suksesfaktore is geïdentifiseer met behulp van 'n Delphi-opname van kundiges wat ondervinding gehad het om met CMC's te werk.

Outsourcing manufacturing to a contract manufacturer is a growing practice that has gained global prominence since the turn of the century. This business practice is common in pharmaceutical and electronics industries, and has now also become common practice in consumer product supply chains. This practice has many challenges; in most cases it does not achieve its intended objectives, with a number of contract manufacturing companies (CMCs) in South Africa going out of business. Research and the literature on contract manufacturing is predominantly focused on the aspects of contract manufacturing and its role and impact in the supply chain. However, there are very few, if any, scholarly articles on the factors that make CMCs in the consumer products supply chain in South Africa succeed and become sustainable businesses and strategic partners to their brand owner customers. This study aimed to fill this gap by identifying, through empirical research of experts in contract manufacturing, the factors that are critical for contract manufacturers to succeed and to be sustainable businesses that can contribute to the success of their clients. Several critical success factors were identified using a Delphi survey of experts who had experience working with CMCs.

ABSTRACT One of the leading causes of the impact magnitude of COVID-19 in Peru was the lack of medical oxygen. What explains this oxygen shortage, which is high even by regional standards? This article presents a response from the perspective of the legacies of the Peruvian health system. First, a structural cause. The historical deficiencies of the health system and specific characteristics linked to outsourcing services led to a low capacity to provide this resource. Second, an institutional legacy. A 2010 regulation established a purity requirement of 99% for medical oxygen. This percentage, which is well above international standards, reduced the offer, concentrating it on two providers. The case of the Ayacucho region, which has a better supply of oxygen thanks to two high-volume tanks, illustrates some of these dynamics and the importance of this resource in saving lives.

RESUMEN Una de las principales causas de la magnitud de la tragedia de la COVID-19 en el Perú fue la falta de oxígeno medicinal. ¿Qué explica esta escasez de oxígeno, alta incluso para estándares regionales? Este artículo presenta una respuesta desde los legados del sistema de salud peruano. Primero, una causa estructural. Las carencias históricas del sistema de salud y ciertas características vinculadas a la tercerización de servicios llevaron a una poca capacidad de proveer este insumo. Segundo, un legado institucional. Una norma del 2010 estableció un requerimiento de pureza de 99% para el oxígeno medicinal. Este porcentaje, que está muy por encima de las normas técnicas internacionales, restringió la oferta, concentrándola en dos grupos empresariales. El caso de la región Ayacucho, donde se contaba con una mayor dotación de oxígeno gracias a la existencia de dos isotanques antes de la pandemia, ilustra algunas de estas dinámicas y la importancia de este recurso para salvar vidas.

Resumen La Responsabilidad Social Empresarial -en adelante RSE- debe ir más allá de una cuestión de marketing, requiere ser incorporada de forma transversal en todas las empresas, partiendo del equipo directivo, desde el corazón de la organización, hacia el resto de los grupos de interés. La RSE es el punto de inicio para aquellas empresas que deseen transformar su modelo de negocio y caminar en pos de alternativas sostenibles. Sin embargo, también existen empresas que desde su conformación tienen en consideración los impactos socioambientales y económicos que producen, dando vida a negocios que buscan soluciones reales a problemas concretos de la sociedad, minimizando la externalización de sus costos.

Abstract Corporate Social Responsibility -henceforth CSR- must go beyond a question of marketing, it must be incorporated in a transversal way in all companies, starting from the management team, from the heart of the organization, towards the rest of the groups of interest. CSR is the starting point for those companies that wish to transform their business model and pursue sustainable alternatives. However, there are also companies that, since their formation, take into account the socio-environmental and economic impacts they produce, giving life to businesses that seek real solutions to specific problems of society, minimizing the outsourcing of their costs.

Resumo A Responsabilidade Social Corporativa -doravante RSE- deve ir além de uma questão de marketing, deve ser incorporada de forma transversal em todas as empresas, desde a equipe de gestão, desde o coração da organização, até o resto dos grupos de interesse. A RSE é o ponto de partida para aquelas empresas que desejam transformar seu modelo de negócios e buscar alternativas sustentáveis. Porém, também existem empresas que, desde a sua formação, levam em consideração os impactos socioambientais e econômicos que produzem, dando vida a negócios que buscam soluções reais para problemas específicos da sociedade, minimizando a terceirização de seus custos.

RESUMEN El escrito plantea la tensión entre las actuales políticas globales y las realidades locales y regionales del acceso abierto, las cuales comparten el horizonte de abrir el conocimiento científico, pero difieren en sus estrategias. En específico, se aborda al Plan S y cOAlition S en contraposición con el sistema latinoamericano de publicación, enfatizando que, entre tal política nacida en Europa con pretensión global y la tradición de comunicación científica de la región, hay disensos que amenazan los principios, la soberanía y los horizontes de comunicación regionales y locales. En función de ello, se delinean tres conflictos: 1) el esquema de publicación que está configurándose con la implementación de los acuerdos de lectura y publicación ha derivado en que un conjunto reducido de empresas cobren una relevancia central y en la institucionalización del cobro por publicación o procesamiento; 2) la posibilidad de tercerizar procesos fundamentales de la investigación como la revisión por pares, conceptualizada ahora como un servicio, pone en riesgo el rigor de la ciencia, su sostenibilidad y su sentido mismo; 3) el uso de licencias no restrictivas como la CC BY permite la posterior comercialización de los resultados de la investigación, lo que se agrava ante estrategias que impulsan el uso del preprints bajo esta licencia. Se concluye que los acuerdos de lectura y publicación han consolidado una estrategia comercial bajo nuevos discursos de apertura, mientras las nuevas directrices no plantean estrategias viables, posibles y sostenibles para la comunidad académica y, más alejados aún, del aspecto central de equidad que persigue el discurso del Plan S y cOAlitionS.

ABSTRACT This paper examines the tension between current global policies and the local and regional realities of open access that, while differing in their approaches, aim to open scientific knowledge. Specifically, we compare Plan S and cOAlition S, a European born policy with global aspirations, to the traditional dissemination of science of the Latin American publishing system, highlighting the disagreements that challenge regional and local communication principles, sovereignty, and horizons. In that regard, three conflicts are outlined: 1) the publishing framework developed by read and publish agreements has led to a few companies gaining central relevance and the institutionalization of article processing or publishing charges; 2) the risk of outsourcing of key research processes such as peer review, now conceptualized as a service, endangers scientific rigor, its sustainability, and its purpose; 3) the adoption of non-restrictive licenses such as CC BY allows subsequent commercialization of research results, exacerbated by strategies promoting the use of preprints under this license. We conclude that while read and publish agreements consolidated a commercial strategy under new discourses of openness, new guidelines fail to propose viable, feasible, and sustainable strategies for the academic community and, even further, divert of the central aspect of equity pursued by the discourse of Plan S and cOAlition S.

Resumen Los autores analizan los efectos de las recientes modificaciones al procedimiento de eliminación y prevención de barreras burocráticas sobre la regulación de la tercerización laboral y las relaciones colectivas, en las que se ha incorporado. En ese contexto, se evalúa si es posible denunciar los efectos indirectos producidos por la regulación laboral en la actividad empresarial. Finalmente, se exponen algunos aspectos y factores que se debe tener en cuenta para ello.

Abstract The authors analyze the effects of the recent modifications to the elimination and prevention of bureaucratic barriers procedure on the regulation of labor outsourcing and collective relations, in which it has been incorporated. In this context, it is evaluated whether it is possible to denounce the indirect effects produced by labor regulation on business activity. Finally, some aspects and factors to be considered for this purpose are presented.

BACKGROUND: Credit rating agencies (CRA) played a key role in the global financial crises of 2007/2008 which led to the introduction of CRA regulation. AIM: Using Giddens' theory of modernity as a framework, this article analyses experts' perceptions of the implementation of the CRA regulation in South Africa. SETTING: This article focussed on experts' perceptions of CRA regulation in South Africa. METHOD: This qualitative article was conducted using detailed interviews with South African experts in the investing and credit rating industries. Interviews were conducted in 2013 and 2023. An interpretive approach was adopted to analyse the data into themes, providing insight into the perceptions relating to the introduction of CRA regulation in South Africa. RESULTS: While the introduction of CRA regulation in South Africa is a mechanism used to legitimise the capital system and encourage foreign investment, its applicability, considering the size of the country's CRA market, is contentious. Credit rating agencies' current business model is prone to conflicts of interest and no viable alternatives are available. Consequently, investors need to exercise judgement over their investment decisions instead of outsourcing their due diligence requirements to CRA without careful consideration. CONCLUSION: Credit rating agencies' regulation in South Africa has further cemented CRA's position in financial markets in line with global trends in this industry. CONTRIBUTION: This article will allow policymakers, market participants and researchers to understand the perceptions of the CRA regulation in South Africa from a social constructivist perspective.

RESUMEN La presente investigación se centra en determinar la relación entre la gestión empresarial y la competitividad de un grupo de empresas que brindaron servicios de supervisión y análisis químico al sector minero del Perú en el año 2022. Se recurrió al enfoque cuantitativo, tipo básico, al diseño no experimental transversal correlacional y al método hipotético-deductivo-inductivo. Se utilizaron como instrumentos la técnica de la encuesta y la escala Likert. La muestra probabilística aleatoria simple fue de 70 participantes, que son colaboradores de empresas mineras que recibieron el servicio de outsourcing en supervisión y análisis químico al sector minero del Perú. Los resultados mostraron que, a un nivel de significancia de 0.05 se obtuvo un valor p = 0.000 y una correlación rho de Spearman = 0.841, lo que permitió afirmar la hipótesis alternativa y concluir que la gestión empresarial se relacionó directa y significativamente con la competitividad en un grupo de empresas que brindaron servicios de supervisión y análisis químico al sector minero del Perú en el año 2022.

ABSTRACT This research aims to determine the relationship between business management and competitiveness of a group of companies that provided supervision and chemical analysis services to the mining sector in Peru in 2022. The methodology consisted of the quantitative approach, the basic type research, the non-experimental, cross-sectional correlational design, and the hypothetico-deductive and inductive method were used. The survey technique and the Likert scale were used as instruments. The simple random probabilistic sample consisted of 70 participants, who are employees of mining companies that received the outsourcing service in supervision and chemical analysis to the mining sector in Peru. The results showed that, at a significance level of 0.05, a p-value = 0.000 and a Spearman’s rho correlation = 0.841 were obtained, which allowed affirming the alternative hypothesis and concluding that business management was directly and significantly related to competitiveness in a group of companies that provided chemical analysis and supervision services to Peruvian mining sector in 2022.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar a produtividade relativa que maximiza a rentabilidade da lavoura de soja rotacionada com arroz irrigado por inundação. Para tanto, 13 áreas (de 2,6 a 5,2 ha) de alta produção em sistemas soja-arroz, em terras baixas, na região Sul do Brasil foram selecionadas antes da semeadura. O cálculo dos custos de produção incluiu sementes, tratamento de sementes, fertilizantes, calcário, defensivos agrícolas, irrigação, terra, operações terceirizadas, mão de obra e consumo de combustível. A produtividade observada foi transformada em produtividade relativa, ao se multiplicar o quociente da produtividade observada pelo potencial produtivo estimado pelo modelo CSM-CROPGRO-Soybean. A produtividade hídrica foi calculada como a razão entre a produtividade observada e a água disponível durante o ciclo da cultura. O potencial de produtividade variou de 6,1 a 7,4 Mg ha−1, enquanto a produtividade relativa variou de 45,3 a 101,2%. Além disso, os custos variaram de US$564,86 a US$1.122,86 por hectare, e a rentabilidade de US$767,18 ha−1 a US$3.149,75 por hectare. A maior rentabilidade da lavoura de soja em rotação com arroz irrigado por inundação ocorre com produtividade relativa entre 67 e 84%. tanto 1 26 2 6 2, 52 5 5, ha sojaarroz, sojaarroz arroz, soja-arroz baixas semeadura sementes fertilizantes calcário agrícolas irrigação terra terceirizadas combustível CSMCROPGROSoybean. CSMCROPGROSoybean CSM CROPGRO Soybean. Soybean CSM-CROPGRO-Soybean cultura 61 6, 74 7 4 7, ha1 453 45 3 45, 1012 101 101,2% disso US56486 US 564 86 US$564,8 US112286 122 US$1.122,8 hectare US76718 767 18 US$767,1 ha− US314975 149 75 US$3.149,7 84 84% 10 101,2 US5648 56 8 US$564, US11228 12 US$1.122, US7671 76 US$767, US31497 14 US$3.149, 101, US564 US$564 US1122 US$1.122 US767 US$767 US3149 US$3.149 US56 US$56 US112 US$1.12 US76 US$76 US314 US$3.14 US5 US$5 US11 US$1.1 US7 US$7 US31 US$3.1 US$ US1 US$1. US3 US$3. US$1 US$3

Abstract The objective of this work was to estimate the relative yield that maximizes the profitability of the soybean crop in rotation with flood-irrigated rice. For this, 13 high-yield areas (from 2.6 to 5.2 ha) in lowland soybean-rice systems in Southern Brazil were selected before sowing. The calculation of production costs included seeds, seed treatment, fertilizers, lime, pesticides, irrigation, land, operational outsourcing, labor, and fuel consumption. The observed yield was transformed into relative yield by multiplying the quotient of the observed yield by the yield potential estimated by the CSM-CROPGRO-Soybean model. Water productivity was calculated as the ratio between the observed yield and available water during the crop cycle. Yield potential ranged from 6.1 to 7.4 Mg ha−1, whereas relative yield ranged from 45.3 to 101.2%. In addition, costs ranged from US$564.86 to US$1,122.86 per hectare, and profitability from US$767.18 to US$3,149.75 per hectare. The highest profitability of the soybean crop in rotation with flood-irrigated rice occurs with a relative yield between 67 and 84%. floodirrigated flood irrigated 1 highyield high 26 2 6 2. 52 5 5. ha soybeanrice sowing seeds treatment fertilizers lime pesticides irrigation land outsourcing labor consumption CSMCROPGROSoybean CSM CROPGRO Soybean model cycle 61 6. 74 7 4 7. ha1 ha−1 453 45 3 45. 1012 101 101.2% addition US56486 US 564 86 US$564.8 US112286 122 US$1,122.8 hectare US76718 767 18 US$767.1 US314975 149 75 US$3,149.7 84 84% ha− 10 101.2 US5648 56 8 US$564. US11228 12 US$1,122. US7671 76 US$767. US31497 14 US$3,149. 101. US564 US$564 US1122 US$1,122 US767 US$767 US3149 US$3,149 US56 US$56 US112 US$1,12 US76 US$76 US314 US$3,14 US5 US$5 US11 US$1,1 US7 US$7 US31 US$3,1 US$ US1 US$1, US3 US$3, US$1 US$3

Abstract This article delves into the reflections of a case study that focuses on the relationship between: (i) a strike in the eucalyptus cultivation sector in the state of Bahia; (ii) a partial process of reversing outsourcing (primarization) in the same sector. The article starts with a theoretical discussion of the role of outsourcing in the current strategy of capital domination over labor. It then looks at the relationship between outsourcing and trade unionism, addressing its implications for workers' organization and resistance. It then briefly recounts the strike and the fight against primarization. To do this, it is based on field research (interviews with ten trade unionists) and documents. The analysis leads to the conclusion that a central feature of the labor union was essential to the relative success of the strike in confronting outsourcing: the joint organization of outsourced and nuclear workers. i (i Bahia ii (ii primarization (primarization unionism workers resistance this interviews unionists documents

Resumo Este artigo aprofunda as reflexões de um estudo de caso que tem como objeto a relação entre: (i) uma greve no ramo do cultivo de eucalipto no estado da Bahia; (ii) um processo parcial de reversão das terceirizações (primarizações) no mesmo setor. O artigo parte de uma discussão teórica sobre o papel da terceirização dentro da estratégia atual de dominação do capital sobre o trabalho. Na sequência, trata da relação entre a terceirização e o sindicalismo, abordando as suas implicações para a organização e resistência dos trabalhadores. Em seguida, realiza uma breve reconstituição da greve e da luta pela primarização. Para isso, se baseia em uma pesquisa de campo (entrevistas com dez sindicalistas) e documental. A análise conduz à conclusão de que uma característica central do sindicato trabalhista foi essencial para o relativo êxito da greve no enfrentamento à terceirização: a organização conjunta entre trabalhadores terceirizados e nucleares. i (i Bahia ii (ii primarizações (primarizações setor trabalho sequência sindicalismo seguida primarização isso entrevistas sindicalistas documental nucleares

Abstract The State Department of Education of São Paulo (Seduc/SP) takes actions to implement the right to special education from an inclusive perspective in its public education network. However, it still maintains partnerships with non-profit Civil Society Organizations (CSO), working in special education to offer substitutes to students with Intellectual Disabilities (ID) and Multiple Disabilities (MD) associated with ID and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). In this context, the question arises: how are partnerships formalized and what financial resources does Seduc/SP use to finance its expenses? Thus, the objective of this research is to analyze the financing policy for special education in Seduc/SP, with an emphasis on public-private relations that involve the provision of substitute special education for students eligible for assistance in the period from 2017 to 2022. It was used qualitative-quantitative methodology with documentary analysis. The data were collected in documents made available online on the portals of Seduc/SP, the Legislative Assembly and the São Paulo Finance and Planning Secretariat and their systematization supported the analyses. The results indicate that during the period there is a constant number of partner CSO, a decrease in the number of those served in the ID/DM category, an increase in the ASD category and an increase in resources spent on financing partnerships. It is considered that Seduc/SP does not fully adhere to current school inclusion policies, outsourcing services to partner CSO for part of the public special education students. SeducSP Seduc SP (Seduc/SP network However nonprofit non profit , (CSO) (ID MD (MD ASD. . (ASD) context arises expenses Thus publicprivate private 201 2022 qualitativequantitative qualitative quantitative analysis analyses IDDM DM policies (CSO (ASD 20 202 2

Resumo A Secretaria Estadual de Educação de São Paulo (Seduc/SP) move ações para a efetivação do direito à educação especial na perspectiva inclusiva em sua rede pública de ensino. No entanto, ainda mantém parcerias com Organizações da Sociedade Civil (OSC) sem fins lucrativos, atuantes em educação especial para oferta substitutiva aos estudantes com Deficiência Intelectual (DI) e Deficiência Múltipla (DMu) associada a DI e Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA). Neste contexto, questiona-se: como são formalizadas as parcerias e quais os recursos financeiros a Seduc/SP utiliza para financiar suas despesas? Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar a política de financiamento da educação especial na Seduc/SP, com ênfase nas relações público-privadas que envolvem a oferta de educação especial substitutiva para estudantes elegíveis ao atendimento no período de 2017 a 2022. Utilizou-se metodologia quali-quantitativa com análise documental. Os dados foram coletados em documentos disponibilizados on-line nos portais da Seduc/SP, da Assembleia Legislativa e da Secretaria da Fazenda e Planejamento de São Paulo e sua sistematização subsidiou as análises. Os resultados indicam que no período há constância no número de OSC parceiras, diminuição do quantitativo de atendidas(os) da categoria DI/DMu, aumento da categoria TEA e crescimento dos recursos despendidos com financiamento das parcerias. Considera-se que a Seduc/SP não adere totalmente às políticas atuais de inclusão escolar, terceirizando o atendimento em OSC parceiras de parte do alunado público da educação especial. SeducSP Seduc SP (Seduc/SP ensino entanto (OSC lucrativos (DI DMu (DMu TEA. . (TEA) contexto questionase questiona se questiona-se despesas Assim públicoprivadas privadas 201 2022 Utilizouse Utilizou qualiquantitativa quali quantitativa documental online on line análises atendidasos atendidas atendidas(os DIDMu DI/DMu Considerase Considera escolar (TEA 20 202 2

ABSTRACT This article aims to reflect on some of the dilemmas posed by the presence of artificial intelligence (AI) in distance education, in order to think about the quality of online training. This is a theoretical paper with a bibliographical bias, resulting from research carried out in the field of education-technologies-society. The results indicate that, between advances and setbacks, the dilemmas give rise to (re)thinking training in distance learning courses, recontextualized in the current modes of human production implicated in digital culture, in order to enhance organic intelligences for the conscious, autonomous and ethical use of artificial ones. Problematizing the outsourcing of thought to non-human agents, historicizing the debate in the field of education and pointing out possible directions is what our findings have indicated. AI (AI bias educationtechnologiessociety. educationtechnologiessociety technologies society. society education-technologies-society that setbacks rethinking re thinking courses culture conscious ones nonhuman non agents indicated

RESUMO Este artigo objetiva refletir sobre alguns dilemas impostos pela presença de inteligências artificiais (IA) na educação a distância (EaD), para se pensar sobre a qualidade das formações online. Trata-se de escrito teórico de viés bibliográfico, resultando de pesquisas realizadas no campo educação-tecnologias-sociedade. Os resultados indicam que, entre avanços e retrocessos, os dilemas suscitam (re)pensar as formações em cursos EaD recontextualizadas nos atuais modos de produção humana, implicados na cultura digital, para potencializar as inteligências orgânicas para uso consciente, autônomo e ético das IA. Problematizar a terceirização do pensamento aos agentes não humanos, historicizar o debate no campo da educação e apontar direções possíveis é o que os nossos achados têm sinalizado. IA (IA EaD, , (EaD) online Tratase Trata bibliográfico educaçãotecnologiassociedade. educaçãotecnologiassociedade tecnologias sociedade. sociedade educação-tecnologias-sociedade retrocessos repensar re humana digital consciente humanos sinalizado (EaD

RESUMEN Este artículo pretende reflexionar sobre algunos de los dilemas que plantea la presencia de las Inteligencias Artificiales (IA) en la educación a distancia, para pensar en la calidad de la formación online. Se trata de un trabajo teórico con sesgo bibliográfico, resultado de investigaciones realizadas en el campo de la educación-tecnologías-sociedad. Los resultados indican que, entre avances y retrocesos, los dilemas dan lugar a (re)pensar la formación en cursos a distancia, recontextualizada en los actuales modos de producción humana implicados en la cultura digital, a fin de potenciar las inteligencias orgánicas para el uso consciente, autónomo y ético de las artificiales. Problematizar la externalización del pensamiento a agentes no humanos, historizar el debate en el campo de la educación y apuntar posibles direcciones es lo que han indicado nuestras conclusiones. IA (IA distancia online bibliográfico educacióntecnologíassociedad. educacióntecnologíassociedad tecnologías sociedad. sociedad educación-tecnologías-sociedad retrocesos repensar re digital consciente artificiales humanos conclusiones

ABSTRACT Introduction: In the context of an environment with extensive development of information technology, software development services have been developing widely and spreading in different formats, especially the provision of services from company to company, in the processes of outsourcing and fourth-party services. Objective: The aim of this article is to demonstrate the role of information in process mapping, taking as its object the scenario where companies interact with other companies that provide services through outsourcing and outsourcing of their core business. Methodology: A case study was conducted in a work ecosystem involving a contracting company, an outsourced company and fourth-party service providers for the development of software using the Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN). Results: The application of the case study showed how the contracting company interacts with the outsourced companies, demonstrating that the information flows are well structured and do not suffer interference from barriers between the organizations. The BPMN methodology helps to guide the processes and organize the activities, favoring the construction of the project and the achievement of the expected results. Conclusion: The case study showed that the flow of information was very dynamic and organic, with no hierarchical barriers to the flow of information, always carried out in virtual environments, which is also due to the adoption of an agile process management methodology. Introduction technology formats fourthparty fourth party Objective mapping business Methodology BPMN. . (BPMN) Results organizations activities results Conclusion organic environments (BPMN

RESUMO Introdução: No contexto de um ambiente com amplo desenvolvimento da tecnologia da informação, os serviços de desenvolvimento de softwares têm se desenvolvido amplamente e se difundindo em diferentes formatos, destacando-se a prestação de serviços de pessoa jurídica para pessoa jurídica, nos processos de terceirização e quarteirização de serviços. Objetivo: O presente artigo tem o objetivo de demonstrar o papel da informação no mapeamento de processos, tendo como objeto o cenário onde empresas interagem com outras empresas que prestam serviços por meio da terceirização e quarteirização de sua atividade-fim. Metodologia: foi realizado um estudo de caso em um ecossistema de trabalho envolvendo uma empresa contratante, uma empresa terceirizada e prestadores de serviço quarteirizados para o desenvolvimento de um software utilizando o Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN). Resultados: A aplicação do estudo de caso demonstrou como a empresa contratante interage com as empresas contratadas, demonstrando que os fluxos de informação estão bem estruturados e não sofrem interferências das barreiras entre as organizações. A metodologia BPMN auxilia na condução dos processos e organicidade das atividades, favorecendo a construção do projeto e alcance dos resultados esperados. Conclusão: O estudo de caso evidenciou grande dinâmica e orgânica, não sendo visualizadas barreiras hierárquicas para o fluxo destas informações, realizados sempre em ambientes virtuais, o que acontece também pela adoção de uma metodologia ágil de gestão dos processos. Introdução formatos destacandose destacando Objetivo atividadefim. atividadefim atividade fim. fim atividade-fim Metodologia BPMN. . (BPMN) Resultados contratadas organizações atividades esperados Conclusão orgânica informações virtuais (BPMN