ABSTRACT Objective: to radiographically compare the effects of anchor positioning in the arthroscopic treatment of shoulder instability, in the 3- and 5-o’clock portals. Methods: retrospective study of 36 patients, operated by two shoulder surgeons at the Unimed BH hospital, between January 2013 and January 2018. Each surgeon used only one of either the 3- or the 5-o’clock portal. After postoperative radiographs we performed angle comparisons between the greatest glenoidal axis, the angle of anchor insertion and distance from the inferior pole. Results: the 5-o’clock portal provided better placement than its 3-o’clock counterpart, which allowed for greater orthogonality in relation to the glenoid rim (p < 0.05). Conclusion: the 5-o’clock portal allowed for better anchor placement than the 3 o’clock one. Level of Evidence II, Clinical Trial. Objective instability 5oclock oclock 5 o clock portals Methods patients hospital 201 2018 axis pole Results 3oclock counterpart p 0.05. 005 0.05 . 0 05 0.05) Conclusion II Trial 20 00 0.0 2 0.

RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar radiograficamente o posicionamento das âncoras utilizadas no tratamento artroscópico da instabilidade do ombro, através dos portais de 3 ou 5 horas. Métodos: Avaliação retrospectivae de 36 pacientes, operados por dois cirurgiões de ombro do Hospital Unimed BH, entre janeiro de 2013 e janeiro de 2018. Cada cirurgião utilizou apenas uma das técnicas – portal de 3 ou 5 horas. As radiografias pós-operatórias foram avaliadas e comparadas a angulações entre o maior eixo da glenoide, o ângulo de inserção da âncora e a distância em relação ao polo inferior. Resultados: A utilização do portal de 5 horas propiciou a colocação mais adequada das âncoras em relação ao portal de 3 horas, permitindo o posicionamento mais ortogonal em relação à borda da glenoide (p < 0,05). Conclusão: A utilização do portal de 5 horas apresenta melhor posicionamento das âncoras quando comparado ao portal de 3 horas. Nível de evidência II, Ensaio Clínico. Objetivo ancoras ncoras artroscopico artrosco pico atraves atrave s Métodos Metodos Me todos pacientes cirurgioes cirurgio es BH 201 2018 tecnicas te cnicas pósoperatórias posoperatorias pós operatórias po operato rias angulacoes angulac angulo ngulo insercao inserc ancora ncora distancia dista ncia relacao relac inferior Resultados utilizacao utilizac colocacao colocac p 0,05. 005 0,05 . 0 05 0,05) Conclusão II Clínico 20 soperato pos operatorias 00 0,0 2 0,

ABSTRACT Objective: To verify whether there are pathological dysfunctions in the cornea of patients with endometriosis. Methods: Case-control research with a quantitative approach that compared topographic and tomographic examinations of the cornea of patients with a laparoscopic diagnosis of endometriosis, without the use of hormonal medications, to the control group. Results: We analyzed 78 eyes, 34 from the endometriosis group and 44 from the control group. The loss of orthogonality between the axes of the corneal curvatures was more frequent in the group with endometriosis (p = 0.0744). The difference between the mean keratometric measurements of the two eyes was significantly greater in the control group (p = 0.0204). In the tomographic findings, the group with endometriosis presented higher means of posterior elevation compared to the control group (p = 0.0060). Conclusion: The results do not allow us to conclude that women with endometriosis have a higher risk of developing corneal ectasia, although the posterior elevation map demonstrated a greater posterior curvature of the cornea in this group, with a statistically significant difference. However, an isolated increase in the posterior elevation map does not have good diagnostic accuracy. Objective Methods Casecontrol Case medications Results 7 3 4 p 0.0744. 00744 0.0744 . 0 0744 0.0744) 0.0204. 00204 0.0204 0204 0.0204) findings 0.0060. 00060 0.0060 0060 0.0060) Conclusion ectasia However accuracy 0074 0.074 074 0020 0.020 020 0006 0.006 006 007 0.07 07 002 0.02 02 000 0.00 00 0.0 0.

RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar se há disfunções patológicas na córnea de pacientes portadoras de endometriose. Métodos: Pesquisa do tipo caso-controle de abordagem quantitativa, que comparou exames topográficos e tomográficos da córnea de pacientes com diagnóstico laparoscópico de endometriose, sem uso de medicações hormonais, ao grupo controle. Resultados: Foram analisados 78 olhos, 34 do grupo com endometriose e 44 do grupo controle. A perda da ortogonalidade entre os eixos das curvaturas corneanas foi mais frequente no grupo com endometriose (p = 0,0744). A diferença entre as médias das medidas ceratométricas dos dois olhos foi significativamente maior no grupo controle (p = 0,0204). Nos achados tomográficos, o grupo com endometriose apresentou maiores médias de elevação posterior em relação ao controle (p = 0,0060). Conclusão: Os resultados não permitem concluir que portadoras de endometriose têm maior risco de desenvolver ectasia corneana, embora o mapa de elevação posterior tenha demonstrado maior curvatura posterior da córnea nesse grupo, com diferença estatisticamente significativa. Contudo, um aumento isolado no mapa de elevação posterior não possui boa acurácia diagnóstica. Objetivo Métodos casocontrole caso quantitativa hormonais Resultados 7 3 4 p 0,0744. 00744 0,0744 . 0 0744 0,0744) 0,0204. 00204 0,0204 0204 0,0204) 0,0060. 00060 0,0060 0060 0,0060) Conclusão corneana significativa Contudo diagnóstica 0074 0,074 074 0020 0,020 020 0006 0,006 006 007 0,07 07 002 0,02 02 000 0,00 00 0,0 0,

ABSTRACT. Excessive changes in factor levels can lead to a high cost in practice and hinder the conduction of experiments, in addition to adding a higher computational cost and loss of the orthogonality property, resulting in numerical problems in estimating the parameters of a model. The sequential specification of experimental points, seen as treatments in a 2k factorial design, results in a high-order bias in some factors, which is caused by the accumulation of −1 or +1 signals. This study aimed to propose new designs generated by the simulated annealing technique, respecting the main A-optimal and D-optimal optimality criteria as random execution orders that minimize the order bias. This approach allowed the generation of 24 and 25 factorials, which were compared to the designs in standard order. The simulated annealing technique is a viable method to generate optimal designs with the same efficiency as the usual designs to obtain A-optimal and D-optimal designs with new execution orders, which minimize the effect of order bias relative to standard order designs. Regarding efficiency, the generated designs were precise in the variance of model parameter estimates, similar to the original designs. ABSTRACT experiments property points k design highorder factors 1 − + signals Aoptimal A Doptimal D 2 factorials estimates

ABSTRACT In this article a preconditioned version of the Delayed Weighted Gradient Method (DWGM) is presented and analyzed. In addition to the convergence, some nice properties as the A- orthogonality of the current transformed gradient with all the previous gradient vectors as well as finite convergence are demonstrated. Numerical experimentation is also offered, exposing the benefits of preconditioning. DWGM (DWGM analyzed A demonstrated offered preconditioning

In this work we highlight the importance of the simple harmonic oscillator as a fundamental mathematical model for the understanding of oscillatory phenomena in several areas of Physics and Engineering, emphasizing the need to know the methods for its solution, which serve as a starting point for studying systems more complex. Although this topic is relevant, many studies are limited to practical applications or general solutions of differential equations, with no significant connection between concepts. In this sense, an approach is proposed that explores the relationship between the harmonic oscillator, series and Fourier transform. Through the theory of the Sturm-Liouville linear operator, we introduce concepts such as the eigenfunctions of a Hermitian operator, orthogonality, and the formation of vector spaces. While the series appears as an expansion on an infinite basis of functions within a finite interval, the transform arises as a projection of mathematical objects such as functions and equations onto the space of the oscillator’s eigenfunctions into an infinite interval. It is hoped that this approach will stimulate discussions and facilitate the understanding of more advanced topics in Physics and related areas, making them more accessible to undergraduate and graduate students. Engineering solution complex relevant sense SturmLiouville Sturm Liouville operator orthogonality spaces interval oscillators s students

Neste trabalho destacamos a importância do oscilador harmônico simples como um modelo matemático fundamental para a compreensão de fenômenos oscilatórios em diversas áreas da Física e Engenharia, enfatizando a necessidade de se conhecer os métodos para a sua solução, que servem como ponto de partida para estudar sistemas mais complexos. Embora esse tema seja relevante, muitos estudos se limitam a aplicações práticas ou soluções gerais de equações diferenciais, sem conexão significativa entre conceitos. Neste sentido, propõe-se uma abordagem que explora a conexão entre o oscilador harmônico, série e transformada de Fourier. Através da teoria do operador linear de Sturm-Liouville, introduzimos conceitos como autofunções de um operador hermitiano, ortogonalidade e formação de espaços vetoriais. Enquanto a série surge como uma expansão em uma base infinita de funções dentro de um intervalo finito, a transformada surge como uma projeção de objetos matemáticos como funções e equações no espaço das autofunções do oscilador em um intervalo infinito. Espera-se que essa abordagem estimule discussões e facilite a compreensão de tópicos mais avançados em Física e áreas afins, tornando-os mais acessíveis a estudantes de graduação e pós-graduação. Engenharia solução complexos relevante diferenciais sentido propõese propõe Fourier SturmLiouville, SturmLiouville Sturm Liouville, Liouville Sturm-Liouville hermitiano vetoriais finito infinito Esperase Espera afins tornandoos tornando pósgraduação. pósgraduação pós graduação. pós-graduação

Abstract In this paper, we study some spectral properties of the one-dimensional Hahn-Dirac boundary-value problem, such as formally self-adjointness, the case that the eigenvalues are real, orthogonality of eigenfunctions, Green’s function, the existence of a countable sequence of eigenvalues, eigenfunctions forming an orthonormal basis of L2 ω,q((ω0, a); E).

Abstract In this paper a methodology is proposed to measure volatility in Mexican yield curves, including the nominal, real, and swap rates. To obtain the volatility, the GARCH model was used to estimate the volatilities of the first three main principal components of each yield curve. The GARCHs obtained of the first three orthogonal components are modelling the volatility of the parallel shift, the slope changes (twist), and the changes in curvature (butterfly). To obtain the volatility index, it is necessary to use the variances obtained using the orthogonality of the series added and then obtain the square root of the sum. This approach also allows the estimation of defined semi-positive variance-covariance matrices for the different nodes of the curve that can be used in portfolio optimization or in the computation of risk measures. The data for the analysis correspond to the market information from October 2015 to November 2017.

Resumen En este artículo se propone medir la volatilidad de las curvas de tasas nominal, real y swap en México. Para obtener la volatilidad, se usó el modelo GARCH para estimar las volatilidades de las tres primeras componentes principales de cada curva. Los GARCH’s obtenidos de las tres primeras componentes ortogonales modelan la volatilidad de los cambios paralelo, en pendiente y en curvatura. Para obtener el índice de volatilidad es necesario usar las varianzas obtenidas usando la ortogonalidad de las series agregadas y entonces la raíz cuadrada de la suma. Este enfoque permite la estimación de las matrices de varianzas y covarianzas semipositivas definidas para los diferentes nodos, que pueden ser usadas para la optimización de los portafolios o en el cálculo de medidas de riesgo. Los datos corresponden al periodo de octubre del 2015 a noviembre del 2017.

Resumo Neste relatório, a influência dos conceitos do jardim japonês na paisagem ocidental do século XX será desenvolvida, rompendo com as diretrizes axiais impostas pela academia classicista européia. Para isso, os trabalhos de três paisagistas serão estudados em profundidade: James Rose, adepto do Zen Budismo, foi pioneiro na paisagem moderna americana. Sua abordagem da cultura e filosofia japonesa permitiu que ele interagisse direta e espontaneamente com a natureza. Isamu Noguchi, com ampla experiência cultural, transgrediu os critérios dos jardins de seus ancestrais e desenvolveu uma micropaisagem escultural no centro urbano. Peter Walker, foi influenciado pela arte minimalista e pelos jardins geométricos do Japão. A geometria justaposta ao natural é observada. Éo jardim japonês onde esses paisagistas podem explorar e extrair ideias com as quais conseguem dar uma nova e quase espiritual virada para a paisagem ocidental.

Abstract The present report analyzes the influence of Japanese garden concepts in the 20th century´s landscape which breakes with the axial guidelines imposed by the European classicist academy. For this, the works of three landscapers will be studied in depth: James Rose, adept at Zen Buddhism, pioneered the modern American landscape. His approach to Japanese culture and philosophy allowed him to interact directly and spontaneously with nature. Isamu Noguchi, with his cultural baggage, allowed himself to change the criteria of the gardens of his ancestors and developed a sculptural micro-landscape in the middle of the urban center. Peter Walker, was influenced by minimal art as well as the japanese geometriacal gardens. It can be seen the juxtaposed geometry with nature. It is the Japanese garden where these landscapers can explore and extract ideas with which they manage to give a new and almost spiritual turn to the western landscape.

Resumen En el presente artículo, se analizará el modo en que las diversas epistemologías influencian el paisaje occidental del siglo XX. En efecto se analizará puntualmente cómo los conceptos del jardín japonés influyeron en el paisaje occidental, rompiendo con los lineamientos axiales impuestos por la academia clasicista europea. Para ello se profundizará en las obras de tres paisajistas: James Rose, Isamu Noguchi y Peter Walker. El primer, James Rose, adepto al budismo zen, fue pionero en el paisaje moderno americano. Su aproximación a la cultura y filosofía japonesa le permitió interactuar de forma directa y espontánea con la naturaleza. Por su parte, Isamu Noguchi, con un amplio bagaje cultural, trasgredió los criterios de los jardines de sus ancestros y desarrolló un micropaisaje escultórico en pleno centro urbano. Finalmente, Peter Walker, estuvo influenciado por el minimal art como así también por los jardines geométricos de Japón. Se observa la geometría yuxtapuesta con lo natural. En efecto, es en el jardín japonés, y en la epistemología oriental en donde estos paisajistas exploran y extraer ideas con las que logran dar un vuelco novedoso y casi espiritual al paisaje occidental.

Abstract Most schemes to estimate ‘absolute’ geostrophic velocities, in the absence of actual velocity measurements, use directional constraints of the flow at different vertical levels. These constraints allow the determination, often as a least square problem, of the integration constants in the thermal-wind equation. Examples of such directions are those defined by the intersection of constant potential temperature and isohaline surfaces, which under appropriate approximation are material surfaces. Here we show that under adiabatic, non-diffusive, geostrophic, hydrostatic motions, but allowing for compressibility, hence the focus being on the large-scale circulation, a pair of orthogonality constraints, much closely related with dynamical balances than the conservation of potential temperature and salinity, yield a flow direction. These constraints are the conservation of ‘local’ potential density and potential vorticity, in their reduction consistent with such approximations. ‘Neutral’, ‘Orthobaric’, and ‘Topobaric’ surfaces are approximately material surfaces defined as a result of the conservation of ‘local’ potential density, but in order to build such global surfaces additional assumptions are required. The conservation constraint is an inexact differential equation that cannot define, uniquely, a global surface. Here we explicitly show that to define the flow direction, there is no need to build global surfaces out of inexact differentials, as would also be the case with the iso-potential vorticity surfaces, thus avoiding additional assumptions. The ‘Preferred Trajectories’ are then well-defined paths as integrals along this flow direction without being the intersection of global surfaces. Some examples are included for illustrative purposes. Further analysis including error propagation are beyond the scope of this work and left for future studies.

Resumen La mayoría de los métodos para estimar velocidades geostróficas "absolutas", en ausencia de mediciones directas de velocidad, utilizan restricciones que definen la dirección del flujo a diferentes niveles verticales. Estas restricciones permiten determinar, a menudo mediante la solución de problemas de cuadrados mínimos, las constantes de integración de la ecuación de viento térmico. Ejemplos de tales direcciones son las definidas por la intersección de superficies de temperatura potencial constante y de superficies isohalinas, que, bajo aproximaciones adecuadas, son superficies materiales. En este trabajo nos enfocamos en la circulación oceánica de gran escala que puede considerarse como un flujo adiabático, no difusivo, en balance hidrostático y geostrófico, pero que puede ser compresible. Bajo estas suposiciones definimos dos restricciones ortogonales mas estrechamente relacionadas con la dinámica que las de conservación de temperatura potencial y salinidad para determinar la dirección del flujo. Dichas restricciones son la conservación de densidad potencial "local" y la de vorticidad potencial en su reducción consistente con las características del flujo antes mencionadas. En la literatura se han definido superficies denominadas "Neutrales", "Ortobáricas" y "Topobáricas" las cuales son aproximadamente superficies materiales que resultan de la conservación de densidad potencial "local", pero su construcción como superficies globales requiere de suposiciones adicionales. Esto se debe a que la restricción de conservación de densidad potencial “local” es una ecuación diferencial inexacta que no permite definir, unívocamente, dichas superficies. En este trabajo mostramos explícitamente que para definir la dirección del flujo no hay necesidad de construir superficies globales partir de diferenciales inexactos y hacer suposiciones adicionales, como sería el caso si buscáramos superficies de vorticidad potencial constante. En su lugar, utilizamos "Trayectorias preferenciales" que son trayectorias bien definidas que se obtienen al integrar a lo largo de la dirección del flujo sin necesidad de ser la intersección de superficies globales. Se incluyen ejemplos con fines ilustrativos. Análisis adicionales incluyendo el de propagación de errores está más allá del alcance de este trabajo y se deja para futuros estudios

Resumen El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo estudiar el comportamiento de un intercambiador de calor de tubo helicoidal y coraza, para el enfriamiento del mosto en el proceso de elaboración de cerveza artesanal con agua fría, mediante la metodología de dinámica de fluidos computacional (CFD) por volúmenes finitos para el modelado del intercambiador de calor. Esto utilizando el software Fluent de ANSYS, mismo que nos permite comprender el fluido a través de ecuaciones que describen su movimiento y su comportamiento, mediante métodos numéricos y técnicas computacionales. En la convergencia de malla se manejaron dos métodos, ortogonalidad y oblicuidad, en los que se corroboró que el mallado es ideal en las simulaciones que se realizaron. Para la simulación se empleó el modelo de turbulencia k-épsilon y el modelo de energía. Por medio de varias simulaciones se obtuvo que, mediante la variación del flujo másico del mosto, se obtienen mejores resultados en la reducción de temperatura de salida, donde existe una variación de 15.16 °C. Por otro lado, variando la temperatura de entrada del agua, existe apenas una variación de 2.71 °C a 0.01 °C. Por lo tanto, se encontró una mejora significativa en el funcionamiento del intercambiador de calor. De la misma forma, se confirmó que el número de espigas en el intercambiador de calor es el adecuado, ya que con menos no se alcanzaría la temperatura de salida.

Abstract The objective of the present work is to study the behavior of a helical tube and shell heat exchanger, for the cooling of the wort in the process of making craft beer with cold water, through the methodology of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by finite volume models for heat exchanger modeling. This by using the ANSYS Fluent software, which allows to understand the behavior of the fluid through equations that describe their movement and behavior, using numerical methods and computational techniques. In the mesh convergence, two methods were used, orthogonality and obliquity, with which it was confirmed that the meshing is ideal in the simulations that were carried out. For the simulation, the k-epsilon turbulence model and the energy model were used. Through various simulations, it was obtained that by varying the mass flow, better results are reducing the outlet temperature, with a variation of 15.16 °C, while varying the inlet temperature of the water, there is just a variation from 2.71 °C to 0.01 °C. Therefore, a significant improvement in the performance of the heat exchanger was found. In the same way, it was confirmed that the number of spikes in the heat exchanger is adequate, since the outlet temperature would not be reached with less spikes.

This paper describes the unique performance evaluation results of a Gigabit Digital Subscriber Line modem that provides Multi-user-interference-free communication, by incorporating Super Orthogonal Complete Complementary spreading into the existing xDSL modem architecture. The GDSL modem was tested under practical crosstalk conditions, using the Network Interface, Power, and Protection (NIPP) Committee MIMO Crosstalk Model. It was found that the GDSL modem provides acceptable bit error rate performance for a fully loaded system, even for very short twisted pairs. A unique observation from these performance evaluation tests is than the non-linear behaviour of NEXT and FEXT creates an orthogonality distortion effect on the correlation properties of the SOCC code family.

En este artículo se propone un método nuevo para sistemas de multi-canalización por división de código (CDMA, por sus siglas en inglés) para sistemas de alta velocidad, el cual radica en el desempeño analógico de filtros transversales distribuidos. El método permite el diseño de sistemas de codificación de amplitud de sub-bandas CDMA, el cual presenta un mejor desempeño en comparación con aquel que se obtiene al utilizar codificación temporal de secuencia directa. Se considera la máxima flexibilidad en el diseño de filtros transversales para obtener una variación temporal amplia de las formas de onda que se propagan lo largo de la línea de retardo del filtro transversal de acuerdo a una señal codificada espectralmente. Aplicaciones del método a las redes CDMA de alta velocidad se discuten al final del artículo.

A new method for high-speed Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems that lies on the analogue performance of distributed-based transversal filters is proposed. The method allows spectral-amplitude encoding CDMA system implementations leading to an improvement of orthogonality among users over temporal encoding direct-sequence systems. The maximal degrees of flexibility in the design of transversal filters are considered to generate waveforms that exhibit large temporal variation over the filter span time in accordance with an encoded waveform. Applications of our method to high-speed CDMA are discussed towards the end of the paper.

Since their original discovery in 1914, ionic liquids (IL) have been widely examined and explored in chemistry due to their unique physical and chemical properties. Ionic liquids are collectively known as organic salts and have melting points of 100 °C or under. The molten salts most employed in analytical chemistry, including gas chromatography (GC), consist of an organic cation paired with an organic or inorganic anion. This class of materials exhibits negligible vapor pressure and may have their properties (e.g.thermal stability and selectivity) structurally tuned by imparting different moieties to the cation/anion. Currently, there are an estimated 1018possible combinations of IL. In this context, the prospection of highly selective IL-based stationary phases for gas-liquid chromatography has enabled high peak capacity and efficient separations of many critical pairs in complex samples. In this review, we present and discuss fundamental characteristics of ionic liquids and introduce important solvation models for gas-liquid systems. In addition, recent advances and applications of IL in conventional and multidimensional gas chromatography are outlined.

Demostramos la existencia y ortogonalidad de operadores de onda naturalmente asociados a un Laplaciano compatible sobre una variedad completa con una esquina de codimensión 2. De hecho, probamos su completitud asintótica, es decir que la imagen de esos operadores de onda es igual al espacio de estados absolutamente contínuos del Laplaciano compatible. Logramos esto último usando métodos dependientes del tiempo que provienen del estudio de operadores de Schrödinger de varios cuerpos.

We show the existence and orthogonality of wave operators naturally associated to a compatible Laplacian on a complete manifold with a corner of codimension 2. In fact, we prove asymptotic completeness i.e. that the image of these wave operators is equal to the space of absolutely continuous states of the compatible Laplacian. We achieve this last result using time dependent methods coming from many-body Schrödinger equations.

En el presente trabajo, analizamos las perturbaciones a una sucesiín de momentos asociada a un funcional lineal de ortogonalidad que se representa por una medida positiva con soporte en [-1, 1]. En particular, dada una cierta perturbaciín a dicha medida en la recta real, analizamos la perturbaciín obtenida en la correspondiente medida en la circunferencia unidad, cuando dichas medidas están relacionadas por la transformaciín de Szegő. También se analiza una perturbaciín similar a través de la transformaciín inversa de Szegő. En ambos casos, se muestra que la perturbaciín aplicada puede ser expresada en términos de la parte singular de las medidas, y también a través de las correspondientes sucesiones de momentos

In this paper, we consider perturbations to a sequence of moments associated with an orthogonality linear functional that is represented by a positive measure supported in [-1, 1]. In particular, given a perturbation to such a measure on the real line, we analyze the perturbation obtained on the corresponding measure on the unit circle, when both measures are related through the Szegő transformation. A similar perturbation is analyzed through the inverse Szegő transformation. In both cases, we show that the applied perturbation can be expressed in terms of the singular part of the measures, and also in terms of the corresponding sequences of moments