INTRODUCTION: General dentists are often reluctant to perform interceptive orthodontic treatment (IOT) in their practices. As IOT can be of great benefit to some patients, the study aimed to explore the factors that influence the implementation of such treatment. METHODOLOGY: A sample of 24 general dental practitioners was selected. One-on-one interviews, guided by two questionnaires, were conducted with each of the participants at either their place of work or in a public location. They answered structured questions regarding the treatment plans for five paper patient scenarios to test their knowledge on interceptive orthodontics (IO). The knowledge scores were assessed according to whether the participants were in private or public practice and on a socioeconomic scale according to where they practiced. A second questionnaire focused on the patient confidence levels with respect to performing IOT as well as other practical issues that have a bearing on IOT. RESULTS: All the participants in the study achieved a knowledge score over 70% with no statistically significant differences found between the private and public sectors. However, when compared according to the different socioeconomic areas, the practitioners from the middle-income socioeconomic area displayed a lower knowledge score that was statistically significant (p=0.029). This group also performed significantly (p=0.001) poorer than the other groups when "treating" Case 1. Seventy-five percent of the participants were very confident regarding their IO diagnosis and treatment planning. However, this confidence was tempered by their confidence (42%) in their undergraduate orthodontic programme. All the participants acknowledged the importance of timeous IOT, yet only 79% stated that they would have treated the "patients" in their own practices. Factors affecting the non-delivery of IOT in practice showed that 50% of the dentists expressed no interest in orthodontics, 54% mentioned medical aid remuneration as a negative factor and 58% did not have the practice infrastructure to be able to perform IOT. CONCLUSION: The lack of interest compounded by the practical challenges of finances, practice infrastructure and lack of patient motivation and compliance are the real issues, with patients often being considered for treatment when it is too late for IOT. Factors influencing dental practitioners' decision to perform interceptive orthodontic treatment in public and private practice settings in the Tshwane metropole, South Africa.

RESUMEN: El manejo del anclaje en los tratamientos de ortodoncia ha sido un reto constante, por lo que la utilización de miniplacas aparece como un rescate a esta interrogante. Determinar las diferencias morfológicas en la zona de inserción de miniplacas ortodóncicas en las regiones anterior y posterior mandibular, comparandolas entre edad, sexo, biotipo y clase esqueletal. Se estudiaron 40 registros de cone-beam de pacientes y se realizaron mediciones de grosor del hueso, donde se identificaron los sitios que permitan posicionar una miniplaca y fueron comparados entre sexo, grupos etarios, biotipo y clase esqueletal. Se observó diferencias significativas entre hombres y mujeres a nivel anterior mandibular, en los hombres se observaron mayores grosores óseos y corticales. No se observaron diferencias significativas entre pacientes adultos y jóvenes a nivel anterior mandibular, pero sí hubo diferencias a nivel mandibular posterior. La zona 3 mm debajo del 2do molar no es una zona confiable para la inserción de mini placas, ya que muchos de los pacientes no presentaban hueso en esa zona. Las miniplacas son un recurso seguro de anclaje las cuales deben ser adaptadas a cada paciente.

ABSTRACT: The anchorage management in orthodontic treatments has been a constant challenge, the use of miniplates may be a viable solution to this query. The objective of this study was to determine the morphological differences in the area of insertion of orthodontic miniplates in the anterior and posterior mandibular regions, comparing them between age, sex, biotype and skeletal class. In this analysis 40 cone-beam records of patients were studied, bone thickness measurements were carried out, the sites that allowed the positioning of a miniplate were identified and compared between sex, age groups, biotype and skeletal class. Significant differences were observed between men and women at the anterior mandibular level, in men greater bone and cortical thicknesses were observed. No significant differences were observed between adult and young patients at the anterior mandibular level, but there were differences at the posterior mandibular level. The area 3 mm below the 2nd molar was not a reliable area for the insertion of mini plates, since many of the patients had no bone in that area. Miniplates are a safe anchoring resource which must be adapted to each patient.

RESUMEN Fundamento las mediciones cefalométricas son un instrumento útil en la atención ortodóncica, pues junto a otras mediciones cefalométricas completan y guían el plan de tratamiento que el especialista puede trazar en función de la resolución de las anomalías dentomaxilofaciales. Objetivo determinar la comorbilidad entre el biotipo facial y la clasificación esquelética maxilomandibular en pacientes angolanos con anomalías dentomaxilofaciales. Métodos se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal, en la Clínica Meditex, en Luanda, Angola, en el período agosto/2021-julio/2023. La población de estudio fue de 123 telerradiografías del perfil de pacientes con anomalías dentomaxilofaciales, ingresados en la consulta de Ortodoncia. Para el análisis de la telerradiografía de perfil se realizaron mediciones del cefalograma de Ricketts y de Steiner, y se utilizó el software Facad versión 3403. Se estudió la clasificación esquelética maxilomandibular (clase I, clase II, clase III) y el biotipo facial (dolicofacial, mesofacial, braquifacial). Resultados el 46,34 % de los pacientes presentó una clase II esquelética maxilomandibular. Mediante el índice VERT de Ricketts, el 49,59 % de los casos fue clasificado como dolicofacial, seguido del 42,27 % como braquifacial. El 83,60 % de los pacientes con biotipo dolicofacial se caracterizó por presentar una clase II esquelética maxilomandibular, y el 76,92 % de aquellos con biotipo braquifacial clasificó como clase III. Se encontró una asociación significativa entre el biotipo facial y la clasificación esquelética maxilomandibular (p= 0,000). Conclusiones en la mayoría de los pacientes con anomalías dentomaxilofaciales se evidenció una relación entre el biotipo dolicofacial y la clase II esquelética maxilomandibular, por lo que existe una comorbilidad entre ambas características esqueléticofaciales.

ABSTRACT Foundation cephalometric measurements are a useful instrument in orthodontic care, since together with other cephalometric measurements they complete and guide the treatment plan that the specialist can draw up based on the resolution of dentomaxillofacial anomalies. Objective to determine the comorbidity between facial biotype and maxillomandibular skeletal classification in Angolan patients with dentomaxillofacial anomalies. Methods a cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out at the Meditex Clinic, in Luanda, Angola, from August/2021 to July/2023. The studied population was 123 patients’ profile teleradiographs with dentomaxillofacial anomalies, admitted to the Orthodontic clinic. For the analysis of the profile teleradiography, measurements of the Ricketts and Steiner cephalogram were made, and the Facad software version 3403 was used. The maxillomandibular skeletal classification (class I, class II, class III) and the facial biotype (dolichofacial, mesofacial, brachyfacial) were studied. Results 46.34% of patients presented maxillomandibular skeletal class II. Using the Ricketts VERT index, 49.59% of cases were classified as dolichofacial, followed by 42.27% as brachyfacial. 83.60% of patients with dolichofacial biotype were characterized by having maxillomandibular skeletal class II, and 76.92% of those with brachyfacial biotype were classified as class III. A significant association was found between facial biotype and maxillomandibular skeletal classification (p= 0.000). Conclusions in the majority of patients with dentomaxillofacial anomalies, a relationship was evident between the dolichofacial biotype and the maxillomandibular skeletal class II, so there is a comorbidity between both skeletal-facial characteristics.

Resumo Nanopartículas (NPs) são partículas insolúveis com diâmetro inferior a 100 nanômetros. Dois métodos principais têm sido utilizados na terapia ortodôntica para evitar a aderência microbiana ou a desmineralização do esmalte: NPs são incluídas em adesivos ortodônticos ou resinas acrílicas (fluoro-hidroxiapatita, fluorapatita, hidroxiapatita, SiO2, TiO2, prata, nanopreenchimentos) e NPs são revestidas nas superfícies de equipamentos ortodônticos, ou seja, uma camada fina de TiO2 dopado com nitrogênio nas superfícies do braquete. Embora o uso de NPs em ortodontia possa tornar acessível modernos recursos, pesquisas anteriores analisaram as características antibacterianas ou físicas por um período limitado de tempo, variando de 24 horas a várias semanas, por isso devem ser compreendidos os limites dos estudos in vitro. A eficácia de longo prazo de materiais ortodônticos com base em nanotecnologia ainda não foi confirmada de forma conclusiva, o que exige mais estudos, bem como potenciais preocupações de segurança (efeitos tóxicos) associadas ao tamanho da NP.

Abstract Nanoparticles (NPs) are insoluble particles with a diameter of fewer than 100 nanometers. Two main methods have been utilized in orthodontic therapy to avoid microbial adherence or enamel demineralization. Certain NPs are included in orthodontic adhesives or acrylic resins (fluorohydroxyapatite, fluorapatite, hydroxyapatite, SiO2, TiO2, silver, nanofillers), and NPs (i.e., a thin layer of nitrogen-doped TiO2 on the bracket surfaces) are coated on the surfaces of orthodontic equipment. Although using NPs in orthodontics may open up modern facilities, prior research looked at antibacterial or physical characteristics for a limited period of time, ranging from one day to several weeks, and the limits of in vitro studies must be understood. The long-term effectiveness of nanotechnology-based orthodontic materials has not yet been conclusively confirmed and needs further study, as well as potential safety concerns (toxic effects) associated with NP size.

ABSTRACT Background: For mandibular advancement containment, it is necessary to use an appliance that holds the jaw in the achieved position by active appliances and that its design does not provoke undesired dental movements. Objective: To describe the clinical and cephalometric changes of the Orthodontic Appliances after the Waveney treatment as an alternative in the mandibular advancement containment. Methodology: A descriptive observational cross-sectional research was conducted at the Dr. Justo Ortelio Pestana Lorenzo Provincial Teaching Stomatology Clinic orthodontic service in Sancti Spíritus province, from September 2019 to February 2022. 20 patients who started their containment stage in this period and fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected. Empirical and statistical methods were used. The following variables were analyzed: age, sex, clinical morphological and cephalometric variables, as well as the containment result. Results: An average age of 15.6 was found; 65% of the schoolchildren were female. One year after the containment was started, the incisive overpass was maintained at 2.95 mm, the neutroclusion molar rate at 65%, SNB angle at 79°, the ANB angle at 2.80°, the upper incisor position 2.45 mm, the lower incisor position by 1.90 mm and the esthetic profile by 0.55 mm. There was only an average increase in the incisor protrusion value from 2.70 mm to 2.75 mm. Conclusions: One year after containment with the Waveney post-treatment Orthodontic Appliances was initiated no changes were observed in the studied variables, except for incisor protrusion with an increase in its average value.

RESUMEN Fundamento: Para la contención del avance mandibular es necesario utilizar un aparato que mantenga la mandíbula en la posición lograda por los aparatos activos y que su diseño no provoque movimientos dentarios indeseados. Objetivo: Describir los cambios clínicos y cefalométricos del aparato funcional postratamiento de Waveney como alternativa en la contención del avance mandibular. Metodología: Se realizó una investigación descriptiva observacional de corte transversal en el servicio Ortodoncia de la Clínica Estomatológica Docente Provincial Dr. Justo Ortelio Pestana Lorenzo de la provincia Sancti Spíritus, desde septiembre 2019 a febrero 2022. Se seleccionaron 20 pacientes que iniciaron su etapa de contención en este período y cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Se utilizaron métodos del nivel empírico y estadístico. Se analizaron las variables: edad, sexo, variables morfológicas clínicas y cefalométricas, así como resultado de la contención. Resultados: Se constató una edad promedio de 15.6; el 65 % de los escolares pertenecían al sexo femenino. Al año de iniciada la contención se mantuvo el sobrepase incisivo en 2.95 mm, la relación molar de neutroclusión en el 65 %, ángulo SNB en 79°, el ángulo ANB en 2.80°, la posición del incisivo superior 2.45 mm, la posición del incisivo inferior en 1.90 mm y el perfil estético en 0.55 mm. Solo existió incremento en el valor promedio del resalte incisivo de 2.70 mm a 2.75 mm. Conclusiones: Al año de iniciada la contención con el aparato funcional postratamiento de Waveney no se observó modificación de las variables estudiadas, excepto el resalte incisivo con incremento de su valor promedio.

Abstract This study aimed to develop and validate a self-administered questionnaire in Brazilian Portuguese to verify the level of knowledge of orthodontists in the care of pregnant, lactating, and postmenopausal women, named “Considerations on Orthodontic Treatment during Pregnancy, Lactation, and Postmenopausal Periods.” The development and validation of the questionnaire consisted of the following steps: a) item generation; b) item reduction; c) questionnaire design; and d) validity and reliability tests in a cross-sectional study with 258 orthodontists working in the field from different Brazilian states. A total of 60 orthodontists participated in test-retest over a mean period of 45 days. The preliminary questionnaire consisted of a total of 60 questions. After item reduction, 40 questions were selected for the final version of the questionnaire, with eight questions about pregnant women; six about lactating women; 18 about postmenopausal women, and eight about general knowledge in dentistry. Each item had three response options in the Likert scale format. Face and content validity analysis, reliability assessment through internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega), and test-retest reliability through the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Spearman’s correlation coefficient were performed. Face and content validity indicated that the questionnaire was considered valid, objective, and easily understandable. The questionnaire had good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.77; McDonald’s omega = 0.78) and good test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.71; Spearman’s correlation coefficient = 0.51). The questionnaire was considered valid and reliable to assess the level of knowledge of orthodontists in the care of pregnant, lactating, and postmenopausal women.

Abstract This observational study aimed to describe and analyze data from two external evaluations of the National Program for Improving Access to and Quality of Dental Specialty Centers (PMAQ CEO), held in 2014 and 2018 in Brazil, which evaluated Dental Specialty Centers (CEO) using a national and census approach. We selected questions through a search in the microdata of the first and second evaluations. The groups were analyzed independently. To compare the groups, nonparametric tests were performed (Mann Whitney U). The formulated hypotheses were: there would be no differences between the data of these groups (h0) and there would be differences between the data of these groups (h1). For qualitative nominal variables, frequency distribution was verified and association tests were performed (chi-square test). The significance level for this study was set at 5%. We observed that orthodontic treatments were found in about 13% of the CEO. Regarding human resources, most professionals were specialists or had MSc or PhD degrees; were civil servants; had been hired by direct administration; or had been hired via public tender. Regarding the work process and inclusion of the CEO in the health care network, we observed a greater number of services that use single and electronic medical records, greater presence of services monitoring and analyzing goals, greater knowledge about monthly average of absenteeism (for 2018); and larger number of services with referrals from primary health care centers (for 2014). Expanding the view on orthodontics and including preventive, interceptive, and corrective treatments at different points in health care networks are essential strategies for achieving comprehensive care in universal health systems.

RESUMEN Se describen, en la literatura médica, predictores radiográficos que constituyen herramientas diagnósticas útiles para la retención de los caninos maxilares. Sin embargo, en la especialidad de ortodoncia las investigaciones sobre las herramientas predictivas de riesgo son escasas. Por ello se decide realizar una revisión bibliográfica con el objetivo de recopilar información acerca de la utilidad de las herramientas predictivas de riesgo en el diagnóstico de la retención de los caninos maxilares. Se realizó una búsqueda de información de artículos en idioma español e inglés, utilizándose las bases de datos SciELO, PubMed, Cochrane y Scopus. Para lograr un tratamiento óptimo de la anomalía debe priorizarse un buen diagnóstico, basado en métodos clínicos y radiográficos, pero se hace notoria la ausencia de herramientas que identifiquen individuos con alto riesgo en la comunidad. Los modelos o escalas de riesgo pueden ser útiles en este aspecto, para detectar precozmente el trastorno eruptivo y priorizar así intervenciones preventivas, que eviten el uso excesivo de medios auxiliares de diagnóstico y la sobrecarga de los sistemas de salud. Las herramientas predictivas de riesgo constituyen una alternativa para la clasificación adecuada de la población con alto riesgo de retención de caninos maxilares. Un instrumento de tal magnitud es de gran utilidad tanto en los servicios de Estomatología General como en los de Ortodoncia.

ABSTRACT Radiographic predictors that are useful diagnostic tools for the retention of maxillary canines are described in the literature. However, in the specialty of orthodontics, research on risk predictive tools is scarce. Therefore, it was decided to carry out a bibliographic review with the objective of collecting information about the usefulness of risk predictive tools in the diagnosis of retention of maxillary canines. A search for information on articles in Spanish and English was carried out, using the SciELO, PubMed, Cochrane and Scopus databases. To achieve optimal treatment of the anomaly, a good diagnosis should be prioritized, based on clinical and radiographic methods, but the absence of tools that identify individuals at high risk in the community is notorious. Models or risk scales can be useful in this aspect, to detect the eruptive disorder early and thus prioritize preventive interventions that avoid the excessive use of diagnostic aids and the overload of health systems. Predictive risk tools are an alternative for the adequate classification of the population with high risk of retention of maxillary canines. An instrument of this magnitude is very useful both in General Dentistry and Orthodontics services.

Resumo A assimetria facial é diagnosticada frequentemente na prática clínica ortodôntica, sendo mais ou menos percecionada consoante a severidade. Nos casos severos, o tratamento ortodôntico-cirúrgico é a única possibilidade terapêutica. Uma correta preparação ortodôntica é fundamental, contudo, ocasionalmente o resultado obtido com a cirurgia não é o programado e o clínico tem de decidir entre a re-intervenção cirúrgica ou o acabamento ortodôntico. Este trabalho descreve o caso de um paciente com 18 anos de idade, com classe III e assimetria mandibular severa, que foi submetido a um tratamento ortodôntico-cirúrgico. Uma semana após a cirurgia ortognática, o paciente foi re-intervencionado por a oclusão não ser a obtida no pós-operatório imediato. Contudo, mesmo após a segunda intervenção, a oclusão não foi a esperada. No entanto, no final do tratamento obteve-se uma oclusão funcional e estável, associada a uma melhoria significativa da harmonia facial e da função.

Abstract Asymmetry is commonly diagnosed in orthodontic clinical practice and is more or less perceived depending on its severity. In more severe cases, orthodontic-surgical treatment is the only treatment option. Although presurgical orthodontics is fundamental, occasionally, the occlusion obtained after surgery is far from that planned, and the orthodontist must decide between surgical re-intervention or orthodontic finishing. This clinical report describes the case of an 18-year-old man, presenting a severe facial asymmetry with class III malocclusion, who underwent a surgical-orthodontic treatment. One week after orthognathic surgery, the patient was reoperated because the intercuspation was different from the one obtained at the end of surgery. However, after the second surgery, the intercuspation was still far from what was planned. Despite that, at the end of treatment, a functional and stable occlusion was obtained, associated with a significant improvement in facial harmony and function.

ABSTRACT Diagnosis in orthodontics involves more than a simple observation of the functions, but rather it is necessary to consider the problems that may arise in other structures such as the cervical spine, position of the hyoid bone, the temporomandibular joint, the airway, due to that orthodontic treatment acts by applying forces or redirecting them within the craniofacial complex and this intervention can alter the cranio-cervical posture. The literature was selected through a search in the electronic databases: Pubmed, Lilacs, Scopus, Springer, Ovid, Google Academic, Dialnet, Proquest, Pesquisa, Epistemonikos, Taylor & Francis, Web of Science, Machester Library search. The keywords used were diagnosis, cranio-cervical, posture, facial, morphology, orthodontics. The search was restricted to articles in English, Spanish, and Portuguese published from 1987 to 2022. After applying the inclusion criteria, a total of 18 articles were reviewed. The available literature revealed that it is of utmost importance to take into account the relationship that exists between the different structures of the cranio-cervical maxillofacial complex and they should be analyzed as such as a whole in order to have efficient results and with the advance of technology we have several methods to make a complete diagnosis and therefore an adequate praxis.

RESUMEN El diagnóstico en ortodoncia implica más allá de una simple observación de las funciones, sino que hay que tener en cuenta los problemas que pueden presentarse en otras estructuras como la columna cervical, posición del hueso hioides, la articulación temporomandibular, la vía aérea, debido a que el tratamiento de ortodoncia actúa mediante la aplicación de fuerzas o redirigiendo las mismas dentro del complejo craneofacial y esta intervención puede alterar la postura cráneo cervical. La literatura se seleccionó mediante una búsqueda en las bases de datos electrónicas: Pubmed, Lilacs, Scopus, Springer, Ovid, Google Academic, Dialnet, Proquest, Pesquisa, Epistemonikos, Taylor & Francis, Web of Science, Machester Library search. Las palabras claves utilizadas fueron: diagnosis, craniocervical, posture, facial, morphology, orthodontics. La búsqueda se restringió a artículos en inglés, español y portugués publicados desde el año 1987 al 2022. Después de aplicar los criterios de inclusión en total se revisaron 18 artículos. La literatura disponible reveló que es de suma importancia tener en cuenta la relación que existe entre las diferentes estructuras del complejo cráneo cérvico maxilo-facial y se deben analizarlas como tal en conjunto para poder tener resultados eficientes y con el avance de la tecnología tenemos varios métodos para realizar un diagnóstico completo y por lo tanto una praxis adecuada.

ABSTRACT Universities are currently evolving their academic content from the most basic stages with giant steps, and as a result, a series of international trends are being proposed in orthodontic graduate schools on the acceleration of dental movement by means of laser transmission, since reducing orthodontic treatment time has been a challenge for the specialist, given that prolonged treatments increase the risk of root resorption, gingivitis and caries, as well as patient abandonment. The objective of the present study is to analyze the capacity of laser energy transmission through the bone and gingiva to accelerate orthodontic movement, for which the PRISMA methodology was used to identify valid information for this study from May 2017 to May 2022 with no language limit. It was possible to conclude that the transmission of laser energy through the bone and gingiva accelerates dental movement in orthodontics, contributing with therapeutic alternatives to specialists and researchers in modern dentistry, as well as new future research topics with clinical/academic benefit for universities around the world.

RESUMEN Las universidades en la actualidad se encuentran evolucionando sus contenidos académicos desde las etapas más básicas con pasos agigantados, resultado de esto es que en las escuelas de posgrado de ortodoncia se proponen una serie de tendencias internacionales acerca de la aceleración del movimiento dental mediante transmisión láser, debido a que, reducir el tiempo del tratamiento de ortodoncia ha sido un reto para el especialista, dado que los tratamientos prolongados aumentan el riesgo de reabsorción radicular, gingivitis y caries, así como también el abandono por parte de los pacientes. El objetivo del presente estudio consiste en analizar la capacidad de la transmisión de energía láser a través del hueso y la encía para acelerar el movimiento ortodóntico, para lo cual, se empleó la metodología PRISMA para la identificación de la información válida para este estudio desde mayo del año 2017 hasta mayo del año 2022 sin límite de idioma. Fue posible concluir que la transmisión de energía láser a través del hueso y encía acelera el movimiento dental en ortodoncia, contribuyendo con alternativas terapéuticas a los especialistas e investigadores en la odontología moderna, así como nuevas temáticas de investigación futuras con beneficio clínico/académico de las universidades alrededor del mundo.

INTRODUCTION: Reciprocal associations have been found to exist between various dental anomalies.1-14 Maxillary canine ectopia may, however, occur in dentitions without any anomalies AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to establish the prevalence of dental anomalies in a sample of panoramic radiographs. The objective was to establish whether associations exist between canine ectopia and the presence of one or more of a range of selected developmental dental anomalies. A cross-sectional study was carried out on 574 mixed dentition panoramic radiographs in patients with a dental age ranging from 8 to 12 years RESULTS: Signs of potentially ectopic maxillary canines were evident in 85% of the radiographs and of these, 80.7% showed no evidence of the selected dental anomalies which were studied. The most prevalent association of potential canine ectopia and the anomalies studied was found with supernumerary teeth (6.5%), followed by infraocclusion of primary molars (4.5%). Peg-shaped lateral incisors showed a statistically significant association (p=0.043) with mesial overlap of the cusp tip of the maxillary canine and the root of the lateral incisor. Taurodontism was significantly associated with increased angulation of the developing canine (p=0.0049) and dilaceration showed a statistically significant association (p=0.03) with non- resorption of canines CONCLUSION: In cases where dental anomalies are present, the developing canines should be carefully monitored both clinically and radiographically

Abstract Orthodontics patients usual develop demineralization and present cavity caries lesions after six months. Minimally invasive procedures have been the goal in modern dental practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ClinproTMXT Varnish, on the enamel surface roughness and severity of white spot lesions. Twenty premolars were submitted to bond brackets and experimental induction of demineralization and randomly divided into 2 groups: GI - fluoride varnish (Colgate Duraphat®); GII - Ionomeric Sealant (ClinproTMXT Varnish). The treatment was applied around the brackets. The surface roughness of specimens was analyzed, before treatment and 12 weeks after treatment by laser confocal microscopy, and the severity of the white spot lesion was by laser fluorescence device. The data were analyzed by non-parametric Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney Test, at 5% significance, roughness percentage reduction was performed. The severity of demineralization decreased in both, GI (p = 0.005) and GII (p = 0.019). Enamel superficial roughness levels decreased in GI and GII. As well as the roughness percentage, being more expressive in the ClinproTMXT Varnish group (85,09%). Colgate Duraphat® or Clinpro™ XT Varnish reduced the severity of the demineralization and decreased the superficial roughness on the enamel. The Clinpro™ XT Varnish was superior to superficial roughness on enamel.

Resumo Pacientes ortodônticos geralmente desenvolvem desmineralização e apresentam lesões de cárie após seis meses de tratamento. Procedimentos minimamente invasivos têm sido o objetivo na prática odontológica moderna. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito do ClinproTM XT selante ionomérico, ao redor do bráquete, com relação a rugosidade superficial do esmalte e a severidade da lesão induzida. Vinte pré-molares foram submetidos a colagem de bráquetes e indução experimental de desmineralização e divididos aleatoriamente em 2 grupos: GI - verniz fluoretado (Colgate Duraphat®); GII - Selante Ionomérico (ClinproTM XT). O tratamento foi aplicado ao redor dos bráquetes. A rugosidade da superfície dos espécimes foi analisada, antes do tratamento e 12 semanas após o tratamento por microscopia confocal a laser e severidade da lesão de mancha branca por dispositivo de fluorescência a laser. Os dados foram analisados pelo teste não paramétrico de Wilcoxon e Mann-Whitney, a 5% de significância. A taxa de redução da lesão foi calculada. A severidade da desmineralização diminuiu tanto no GI (p = 0,005) quanto no GII (p = 0,019). Os níveis de rugosidade superficial do esmalte diminuíram no GI e GII, assim como o percentual de rugosidade, sendo mais expressivo no grupo ClinproTMXT (85,09%). Colgate Duraphat® e Clinpro™ XT reduziram a severidade da desmineralização e diminuíram a rugosidade superficial do esmalte. O selante ionomérico Clinpro™ XT foi superior na redução percentual de rugosidade.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Canines are dental pieces considered as important in the stomatognathic system. Currently, there is a large number of patients with impacted canines in Mexico, and treatment is challenging from a diagnostic and therapeutic perspective for specialists. Orthodontic-surgical treatment has become the preferred method by clinicians, both orthodontics specialists and maxillofacial surgeons. Objective: To determine the degree of agreement in the criteria for the surgical management of impacted/retained canines. Materials and methods: It was a descriptive and analytical observational study. A questionnaire consisting of 29 questions was applied with a sample size of 30 orthodontists and 30 maxillofacial surgeons. Results: This study found on average a moderate level of agreement (54 %) in the management of retained canines between maxillofacial surgeons and orthodontists. Conclusions: Our results indicate that, although there is some alignment in management practices between these two professional groups, there is also considerable variability. This may reflect differences in training, experience, and individual preferences. Despite the limitation of a small sample, these findings suggest the need for clearer clinical guidelines and/or additional training to improve consistency in the management of retained canines.

RESUMEN Introducción: Los caninos son piezas dentarias consideradas como importantes en el sistema estomatognático. En la actualidad existe una gran cantidad de pacientes con caninos impactados en México y el tratamiento es desafiante desde una perspectiva diagnóstica y terapéutica para los especialistas. El tratamiento ortodóntico-quirúrgico se ha vuelto el método preferido por los clínicos tanto especialistas en ortodoncia como cirujanos maxilofaciales. Objetivo: Determinar el grado de coincidencia en los criterios para el manejo quirúrgico de caninos impactados/ retenidos. Material y métodos: Fue un estudio observacional descriptivo y analítico. Se aplicó un cuestionario que consistió de 29 preguntas con un tamaño de muestra de 30 ortodoncistas y 30 cirujanos maxilofaciales. Resultados: Este estudio encontró en promedio un nivel moderado de concordancia (54 %) en el manejo de los caninos retenidos entre cirujanos maxilofaciales y ortodoncistas. Conclusiones: Nuestros resultados indican que, aunque existe alguna alineación en las prácticas de manejo entre estos dos grupos profesionales, también hay una considerable variabilidad. Esto puede reflejar diferencias en la formación, experiencia y preferencias individuales. A pesar de la limitación de una muestra pequeña, estos hallazgos sugieren la necesidad de directrices clínicas más claras y/o formación adicional para mejorar la coherencia en el manejo de los caninos retenidos.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este estudio es presentar un reporte de caso de un paciente que presenta un tercer molar inferior asociado a un quiste dentígero, cuya lesión desplazó el diente hasta quedar inmerso dentro del canal alveolar inferior. Caso: Paciente acude por tratamiento de un quiste dentígero asociado a un tercer molar desplazado hacia nervio alveolar inferior y borde basilar. Se realiza una descompresión del quiste, además de una tracción de la pieza con ortodoncia para posteriormente ser extraída de forma segura. Conclusión: La tracción ortodóntica de tercer molar ofrece una buena alternativa frente a estos casos. Si bien la evolución del paciente frente a este tratamiento es favorable, falta evidencia que demuestre significativamente su eficacia.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to present a case report of a patient with a lower third molar associated with a dentigerous cyst, whose lesion displaced the tooth into the inferior alveolar canal. Case: Patient asks for treatment of a dentigerous cyst associated with a displaced third molar towards the inferior alveolar nerve and basilar border. A cyst decompression was performed, in addition to a traction of the tooth with orthodontics to be later extracted in a safe way. Conclusion: Traction of the third molar offers a good choice in cases such as the one presented in this article. Although the evolution of the patient is favorable, there is a lack of evidence demonstrating its efficacy.