RESUMEN En este artículo se buscará desarrollar un análisis de la teoría aristotélica de la sustancia, específicamente de la discusión en torno a su particularidad o universalidad. Primero revisaremos el planteamiento del problema tal como aparece en Categorías. Posteriormente, llevaremos la discusión a Metafísica, específicamente el libro Z, donde se puede encontrar una visión más desarrollada y elaborada de las ideas expuestas por el filósofo que en el Organon. A partir de allí revisaremos la visión universalista y particularista para evaluarlas en su mérito e intentar determinar cuál de las dos resulta ser más adecuada para la ontología aristotélica. Finalmente, se revisarán algunas posibles soluciones al problema de cognoscibilidad que presenta la visión particularista y se intentará dilucidar esos problemas a la luz de la aplicación que tiene cuando se transporta el conflicto al problema del alma en De Anima.

ABSTRACT In this paper, we seek to develop an analysis of the Aristotelian theory of substance, specifically of the discussion about its particularity or universality. We will first review the statement of the problem as it appears in Categories. We will then take the discussion to Metaphysics, specifically book Z, where a further developed and elaborated view of the ideas presented by the philosopher can be found compared to the Organon. From there we will review the universalist and particularist views to evaluate them on their merit and try to determine which of the two turns out to be more adequate for Aristotelian ontology. Finally, we will review some possible solutions to the problem of cognizability presented by the particularist view and attempt to clarify these problems in light of the application it has when the conflict is transposed to the problem of the soul in De Anima.

Abstract. This paper explores Gilbert Simondon’s Individuation in Light of Notions of Form and Information, taking the question of animality as the guiding thread. It analyzes whether in this book there is an anthropological approach that allows us to sharply separate the individuation of man from that of other animals. The initial hypothesis is that such a conception of anthropogenesis, with the humanist exceptionalism and speciesism that it implies, is incompatible with the system deployed there by Simondon. Throughout the paper, it is highlighted that Simondon’s ontology, with its ambiguities and tensions around this issue, demands to think of another concept of animality than the one he inherits from the philosophical tradition against which he stands.

Resumen. Este escrito explora La individuación a la luz de las nociones de forma y de información de Gilbert Simondon, tomando como hilo conductor la cuestión de la animalidad. Se analiza si en dicho libro hay un corte antropológico que permita separar tajantemente la individuación del hombre de la de los otros animales. La hipótesis inicial es que tal concepción de la antropogénesis, con el excepcionalismo humanista y el especismo que implica, resulta incompatible con el sistema allí desplegado por Simondon. A lo largo del trabajo se enfatiza que la ontología de Simondon, con sus ambigüedades y tensiones en torno a la cuestión, exige pensar otro concepto de “animalidad” que aquel que hereda de la tradición filosófica contra la que se enfrenta.

Abstract. This paper establishes a dialogue between hermeneutic phenomenology-specifically that of Heideggerian inspiration-and discourse studies to reflect on the phenomenon of metaphor and its essential functioning in the production of meaning and truth, as well as in its conceptual/discursive (re)production of ideologies. There is a relative isomorphism between the operational and structural modalities of what Heidegger calls “fundamental metaphysical positions” and ideology understood according to Althusser and Van Dijk. Between the two lies the metaphor as a way of accessing the dynamics of these heterogeneous but complementary dimensions. Understanding its systematic and significant character will allow us to better understand the way in which the truth grounds our world and our factual life.

Resumen. El presente artículo entabla un diálogo entre la fenomenología hermenéutica -particularmente aquella de cuño heideggeriano- y los estudios del discurso para reflexionar sobre el fenómeno de la metáfora y su funcionamiento esencial en la producción de sentido y verdad, así como en la (re)producción conceptual/discursiva de ideologías. Existe un relativo isomorfismo entre las modalidades operativas y estructurantes de lo que Heidegger llama “posiciones metafísicas fundamentales” y la ideología entendida de acuerdo con los trabajos de Althusser y Van Dijk. Entre ambas se ubica la metáfora como vía de acceso a las dinámicas propias de estas dimensiones heterogéneas pero complementarias. Comprender su carácter sistemático y significativo nos permitirá entender mejor la manera que tiene la verdad de fundamentar nuestro mundo y nuestra vida fáctica.

SIGNIFICANCE: Surfacing the connections between science engagement, engaged science, and sustainability sciences, we urge a re-evaluation of sustainability science's beneficiaries and goals, by advocating a transdisciplinary approach to address sustainability challenges, based on a relational ontology. Thinking with posthumanist, feminist new materialist and Black feminist theories, we consider the importance of multispecies attention and empathy in scientific research. We propose a concept of evolving new perceptual organs in humans to enhance collective responsiveness, inspired by the lateral line organ in fish and their collaborative intelligence for navigating contemporary social and ecological crises and injustices in 'hot messes'.

Abstract: This article examines the concept of distinction developed by George Spencer-Brown in his work "Laws of Form", understood as a triunity between the indicated, the non-indicated, and the boundary. Through an onto-epistemological analysis, the laws and concepts associated with distinction in Spencer-Brown's work and their implications for a more comprehensive understanding of knowledge are explored. It is argued that this notion challenges traditional dichotomous views and allows for rethinking knowledge as a dynamic, situated process open to dialogue with the non-indicated. The article concludes that this approach provides valuable foundations for overcoming fragmented perspectives on knowing.

Resumen: Este artículo examina el concepto de distinción desarrollado por George Spencer-Brown en su obra Laws of Form, entendido como una triunidad entre lo indicado, lo no indicado y la frontera. A través de un análisis onto-epistemológico, se exploran las leyes y conceptos asociados a la distinción en Spencer-Brown y sus implicancias para una comprensión más integral del conocimiento. Se argumenta que esta noción desafía visiones dicotómicas tradicionales y permite repensar el conocimiento como un proceso dinámico, situado y abierto al diálogo con lo no-indicado. El artículo concluye que este enfoque aporta fundamentos valiosos para superar perspectivas fragmentadas sobre el conocer.

Abstract: This article deals with how Searle neglects sociology in his social ontology. I analyse this neglecting in terms of the problem of institutions, and their collective recognition. In the first section, I provide a contextualization of Searle’s base external realism, whose aim is to criticize Berger and Luckmann and their constructivist theory. In the second section, I explain how Searle’s concepts of “collective intentionality,” “constitutive rules”, and “cooperation” are interlinked. In the third section, I argue that the collective recognition of institutions is still an open to debate philosophical problem. In the fourth section, I show how “critical mass”, a concept from sociology, allows how Serlean institutions can be elucidated. In the fifth section, I emphasize the sociological importance of contexts C, and how Searle underestimates their crucial role. In the sixth and final section, I offer a paradigmatic example of an institution, money, to show how sociology is and has been decisive in Searle’s social ontology.

Resumen: En este artículo trato con cómo Searle descuida la sociología en su ontología social. En particular, analizo dicho descuido mediante el problema de las instituciones y su reconocimiento colectivo. En la primera sección, contextualizo la aproximación serleana realista de base al estudio de la civilización humana con el objetivo de mostrar los supuestos antirrealistas constructivistas de Berger y Luckmann. En la segunda, explico cómo se vinculan los conceptos de “intencionalidad colectiva”, “reglas constitutivas” y “cooperación”. En la tercera, argumento que el reconocimiento colectivo de las instituciones todavía es un problema filosófico abierto. En la cuarta, muestro de qué forma un concepto sociológico, el de “masa crítica”, permite explicar el reconocimiento de las instituciones serleanas. En la quinta, enfatizo la dinámica sociológica de los contextos C y cómo la teoría serleana subestima su rol fundamental. Finalmente, en la sexta sección, presento el ejemplo paradigmático de una institución, la del dinero, pues esta refrenda cómo la sociología ha aportado y puede seguir aportando a la ontología social serleana.

Heelwat navorsing is al gedoen in 'n poging om 'n greep op aspekte van goeie en slegte plaaslike regering te kry. 'n Kernvraag wat steeds onbeantwoord bly is die volgende: Wat is "plaaslike regering", en hoe kan die werklikheid waarna die begrip verwys, verstaan en herken word? 'n Begripsraamwerk van "plaaslike regering" is onlangs ontwikkel bestaande uit die herkenbare eienskappe van die begrip om dit te identifiseer. Gepaardgaande daarmee is 'n sosiale ontologie van sorg vir "plaaslike regering" ontwikkel. Die veronderstelling is dat plaaslike regerings in Suid-Afrika en ander lande aan die hand van daardie eienskappe herken sal word. Binne die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks is daar egter 'n moontlike nietipiese voorbeeld van plaaslike regering, naamlik Orania, 'n bestaande dorp binne die geografiese gebied van die Thembelihle Plaaslike Munisipaliteit in die Noord-Kaapprovinsie. Orania is nie 'n muni-sipaliteit ingevolge die Suid-Afrikaanse grondwet en wetlike raamwerk nie. Die vraag is gevolglik of Orania wel as 'n "plaaslike regering" beskou kan word. In antwoord op die vraag gee hierdie artikel 'n ontiese¹ beskrywing van Orania aan die hand van die gekose begripsraamwerk en sosiale ontologie van sorg. Dit blyk uit die beskrywing en ontleding daarvan dat Orania wel aan die institusionele, funksionele en territoriale eienskappe van die begrip "plaaslike regering" voldoen en op 'n outentieke wyse as plaaslike regering funksioneer. Die gevallestudie wys dat 'n outentieke plaaslike regering een is wat 'n integrerende deel uitmaak van sy plaaslike gemeenskap en omsluitende wêrelde, wat voortdurende ongemak met die hede beleef en met sorg, besorgdheid en sorgsaamheid daarop reageer.

Much research has been conducted to grasp aspects of good and bad local governance. A central question that remains unanswered is: What constitutes "local government" and how can the reality to which this concept refers be understood and recognised? Recently, a conceptual framework was developed by identifying recognisable characteristics of this concept's reference. The assumption is that local governments in South Africa and other countries will be recognised based on these characteristics. Alongside this, a social ontology of care for "local government" was established. However, within the South African context, a potentially atypical example of local government is found, namely Orania, an existing town situated within the geographical area of the Thembelihle Local Municipality in the Northern Cape province. Orania is not a municipality in terms of the South African constitution and legal framework. The question thus arises whether Orania can indeed be considered a "local government". In response to this query, this article provides a description of Orania using the chosen conceptual framework and social ontology of care as part of a case study design. The analysis and ontological description ofOrania, by means of the conceptual framework, reveal that the phenomenon of Orania does indeed possess a territorial jurisdictional sphere (the Orania Overlay Zone), a democratically elected representative council (the OVR), and a Town Council and its administration that performs a range of local functions and responsibilities. While the territory of a municipality is generally determined by authorising measures or decisions by other jurisdictions (such as province, state, and national government), the territorial area known as the Orania Overlay Zone results from the purchase and cultivation of land by members of a homogeneous cultural community. Therefore, the territory is not only a demarcation of jurisdiction, but the place to which this community is connected. The institutional aspect of local government is likely a universal feature. The nature and scope of the institutional structure of local governments are often also the result of standardised external authorising measures or decisions by other jurisdictions. Consequently, the structures may not necessarily resonate with the needs and resources of the sometimes diverse society that constitutes the inhabitants of such an area. In the case of Orania, the institutional structure of local government (the OVR and the Town Council) is directly determined by the community, as represented by various land entities, based on the community's specific needs and available resources. The performance of a limited range of local functions can also be considered a universal feature of local government. In this particular case, the functions of the relevant local government are determined by its decision-making bodies, such as the Town Council, in consultation with the community as represented by the various land entities. Consequently, typical local government functions are performed according to the community's needs and available resources. Non-typical local government functions, such as residence rights, are performed within the general scope of the 1996 Constitution of the Republic of South Africa and other national legislation. The analysis confirmed that Orania meets the characteristics consistent with the concept of "local government" as outlined in the conceptual framework. Additionally, viewing Orania through the theoretical lens of social ontology of care highlights that it is a human construct, making objective observation and description challenging. Orania is a network of interconnected individuals and social institutions situated within overlapping human, spiritual, natural, territorial, and political worlds. The authenticity of this existence lies in its concern for the affairs of the world in which it is situated and the conscientiousness with which it carries out its functions in conjunction with others. The case study shows that an authentic local government is one that forms an integral part of its local community and surrounding worlds, continually experiencing discomfort (anxiety) with the present, and responding to that anxiety with care, concern, and nurturing for society and its things.

Hierdie artikel ondersoek twee aspekte wat die outentiekheid van 'n plaaslike regering raak, naamlik die antesedente en die gevolglikheid daarvan. 'n Begripsraamwerk en 'n sosiale ontologie van sorg van "plaaslike regering" is as teoretiese lense vir die ondersoek gebruik. Wat die antesedente van plaaslike regering betref (magtiging, inwoners, natuurlike en fisiese ligging, samewerkende regerings, en vermoëns), het Orania nie as gevolg van magtigende maatreëls soos die Grondwet en voortspruitende wetgewing ontstaan nie, maar as gevolg van 'n kultuurgemeenskap se strewe en gevolglike aankoop van 'n stuk grond. Anders as die inwoners van munisipaliteite in die res van Suid-Afrika het Orania se inwoners verblyfreg verkry op grond van hul onderskrywing van Orania se ontstaansredes. Die eiesoortige fisiese ligging van Orania is doelbewus deur die grondleggers gekies en is bepalend vir die voorsiening van energie, water en ander infrastruktuur-verwante dienste deur Orania Dorpsraad. Die dorpsadministrasie blyk voorts oor voldoende fondse, raadslede en amptenare te beskik om sy funksies uit te voer en sodoende 'n tuiste vir sy gemeenskap te skep. Wat die gevolglikheid van plaaslike regering betref (lewensgehalte, demokratiese en verantwoordelike regering, volhoubare dienslewering, maatskaplike en ekonomiese ontwikkeling, en veilige en gesonde omgewing) blyk die Orania inwonersgemeenskap goeie lewensgehalte te ervaar. Hulle blyk deurlopend betrokke te wees by verskeie gemeenskapsorganisasies, 'n demokratiese en verant-woordingspligtige Orania Verteenwoordigende Raad (OVR) en dorpsadministrasie. Voorts ontvang hulle volhoubare munisipale dienslewering, ervaar maatskaplike en ekonomiese ontwikkeling en leef in 'n veilige en gesonde omgewing. 'n Outentieke plaaslike regering blyk een te wees wat goed geïntegreer is met sy plaaslike gemeenskap en omsluitende wêrelde, voortdurend ongemaklik is met die hede, en met sorg, besorgdheid en sorgsaamheid daarop reageer. Orania is klaarblyklik só 'n plaaslike regering.

Local government is distinguished from other spheres of government based on its unique institutional characteristics, the local nature of its governmental functions, and the territorial delineation of its local jurisdiction. Despite being localised, local governments often fail to meet the specific needs of their residents. The implication is that they are not authentic local governments. This article examines two aspects that have an impact on the authenticity of a local government: the necessary conditions (antecedents) for and the consequences of an authentic local government. These aspects are considered through a case study of Orania as a non-typical instance of a South African local government. A conceptual framework and a social ontology of care are used as theoretical lenses to analyse and understand the antecedents and consequences of a local government. In the preceding article, it was reported that the case of Orania does indeed align with the characteristics associated with the concept of "local government". The antecedents of local government have been shown to be authorisation, residents, natural and physical location, cooperative governments, and capabilities. It appears that Orania did not originate due to authorising measures such as the Constitution and subsequent legislation. Instead, it came about because of a cultural community's aspirations and the subsequent acquisition of a piece of land while obtaining legal authorisation at a later stage by means of an order of the High Court. The residents of Orania do not seem to be accidental inhabitants; but are residents based on their alignment with Orania's founding principles. The unique physical location of Orania was deliberately chosen and plays a crucial role in the provision of energy, water, and other infrastructure-related services by the Orania Town Council and administration. The Town Council and its administration appear to have sufficient funds, competent and ethical council members and officials to carry out its functions and create a home for its community. Regarding the consequences of local government, the Orania community seems to experience a good quality of life while actively engaging in various community organisations, participating in the democratic election of an accountable Orania Representative Council (OVR) and Town Council, receiving sustainable municipal services, and witnessing social and economic development. Additionally, they enjoy a safe and healthy environment. An authentic local government is thus one that is integrally connected to its local community and the surrounding world. It continually grapples with present challenges and genuinely cares for its community and the world it inhabits. Orania, therefore, appears to embody the characteristics of a local government.

Abstract: The reduction of environmental ethics to a mere application of a priori principles has brought the discipline to failure, according to Næss. The broad moralization in the context of environmental policies, moreover, has caused the loss of a genuine interest in the common home. In this sense, in order to recover and re-found an environmental philosophy tout court, for Næss it is necessary to start again from a new epistemology, linked to a deep ontology. The focal point of this new ontology is the recovery of our spontaneous experiences in nature, which reveal that our relationships to nature are deeper than the ones explained by hard sciences. These experiences can be expressed through different cultural forms, which have, for Næss, a value in themselves. Hence arises the ethical imperative to preserve such cultures and to rethink new imaginaries that go beyond the main trends in Environmental Ethics. This paper attempts to show these connections (epistemological, ontological, and ethical) in Arne Næss’s ecosophy, which is configured as “something more” than an Environmental Ethics paradigm.

Resumen: La reducción de la ética ambiental a una mera aplicación de principios a priori ha llevado, según Næss, al fracaso de la disciplina. La amplia moralización en el contexto de las políticas ambientales, además, ha provocado la pérdida de un interés genuino por la casa común. En este sentido, para recuperar y refundar una filosofía ambiental tout court, para Næss es necesario volver a partir de una renovada epistemología, vinculada a una ontología profunda. El punto central de esta nueva ontología es la recuperación de nuestras experiencias espontáneas en la naturaleza, que revelan que nuestras relaciones con la naturaleza son más profundas que las explicadas por las ciencias duras. Dichas experiencias se expresan a través de distintas formas culturales, que tienen, para Næss, un valor en sí. De allí que surge el imperativo ético de preservar a dichas culturas y de repensar nuevos imaginarios que vayan más allá de las principales tendencias en ética ambiental. Este artículo intentará mostrar estas conexiones (epistemológicas, ontológicas y éticas) en la ecosofía de Arne Næss, que se configura como “algo más” que un paradigma de la Environmental Ethics.

Abstract. Clinical judgement has become a central topic in both medicine and the philosophy since the 1960s. With the development of evidence-based medicine in the 1990s, clinical judgment is expected to be more sensitive to the needs and preferences of patients in the face of threats from positivist approaches that are considered to neglect individuality. This paper addresses this problem in the light of a philosophy of medicine that is more sensitive to the historical components of epistemology, ontology, and ethics. The analysis is directed to the 19th century in order to elucidate the tensions about the place of medical knowledge and the commitment, for the sake of professional improvement, to provide clinical judgment with new methods. This trip to the past is useful to understand the current transformations in the field of medicine, especially the way in which they help constitute new types of patients, new types of professional ethos, and new forms of relationship between these actors.

Resumen. El juicio clínico se ha convertido en un tópico capital para la filosofía de la medicina y la profesión médica desde los sesenta. Tras el desarrollo de la medicina basada en la evidencia en los noventa, se espera una mayor sensibilidad en el juicio clínico frente a las necesidades y preferencias de los pacientes ante las amenazas de enfoques positivistas, que, se considera, descuidan la individualidad. Este artículo aborda este problema a la luz de una filosofía de la medicina más sensible a los componentes históricos de la epistemología, la ontología y la ética. Se dirige la mirada al siglo XIX para dilucidar las tensiones en torno al lugar de los conocimientos médicos y la apuesta por dotar al juicio clínico de nuevos métodos para la mejora profesional. Este retorno al pasado ayuda a comprender las transformaciones actuales del campo de la medicina, especialmente en cuanto a cómo ayudan a constituir nuevos tipos de pacientes, nuevos tipos de ethos profesional y nuevas formas de relación entre dichos actores.

Abstract: In this paper, I will critically assess a very popular interpretation of Heidegger’s early thought, according to which meaning (Bedeutung) is conceived as ontologically dependent on human existence (Dasein). To criticize this subjectivist understanding of meaning, I will offer an interpretation of Heidegger’s analysis of signs in Being and Time (§17). This will reveal two main things: first, that the ubiquity of sign phenomena is founded on the universality of the structure known as reference (Verweisung); second, that Heidegger’s idea of reference offers a non-substantialist understanding of meaning and its relation to the world.

Resumen: En este trabajo abordaré de manera crítica una lectura muy extendida de la filosofía temprana de Heidegger, según la cual el “significado” (Bedeutung) es un fenómeno ontológicamente dependiente de la existencia humana (Dasein). Con el fin de revertir esta lectura de implicancias subjetivistas, ofrezco una interpretación del abordaje heideggeriano del “signo” tal como aparece en el §17 de Ser y Tiempo. Dicho análisis revelará que (a) que la ubicuidad del fenómeno del signo está fundada en la universalidad de la estructura conocida como “remisión” (Verweisung); y (b) el concepto heideggeriano de “remisión” proporciona una comprensión del fenómeno del significado y su relación con el mundo alternativa al sustancialismo.

Resumen Antes de incorporarse al Institut für Sozialforschung, encabezado por Horkheimer y Adorno, el joven Herbert Marcuse propuso la idea de una fenomenología dialéctica, un diálogo entre el pensamiento de Marx y de Heidegger, elaborado entre 1928 y 1933, en el marco de su habilitación docente. Pero, con su posterior adhesión al naciente programa de teoría crítica, tal propuesta fue abandonada y ensombrecida por la obra posterior de su autor. El presente artículo busca, en primer lugar, mostrar en qué consistía tal fenomenología dialéctica (apropiación de Heidegger), con el objetivo de evaluar si ésta aún puede abonar al desarrollo de los estudios fenomenológicos. En segunda instancia, se indagan las razones filosóficas por las cuales dicho proyecto quedó suspendido (crítica de Heidegger). A partir de los resultados, se proponen algunas líneas de investigación que apuntan a la posibilidad de una reelaboración contemporánea de la fenomenología dialéctica.

Abstract Before joining the Institut für Sozialforschung, headed by Horkheimer and Adorno, the young Herbert Marcuse proposed the idea of dialectical phenomenology, a dialogue between the thought of Marx and Heidegger, elaborated between 1928 and 1933, within the framework of his Habilitation. But, with his subsequent adherence to the nascent program of critical theory, such proposal was abandoned and overshadowed by the later work of its author. This article seeks to show what such dialectical phenomenology consisted of (Heidegger’s appropriation), to evaluate whether it can still contribute to the development of phenomenological studies. Secondly, it searches the philosophical reasons for which such project was suspended (Heidegger’s critique). Based on the results, some lines of research are proposed that point to the possibility of a contemporary reworking of dialectical phenomenology.

Resumen Para ofrecer una ruta de lectura del pensamiento feminista-deleuziano, se propone la revisión propuesta por Rosi Braidotti, filósofa de la diferencia y del posthumanismo, respecto a la recepción y reelaboración de la inmanencia radical, así como la diferencia sexual en vinculación con el pensamiento de Gilles Deleuze. A través de Metamorfosis. Hacia una teoría materialista del devenir y los conceptos clave, como devenir-mujer y devenir-insecto, se entabla una relación con los feminismos visuales contemporáneos. El diálogo entre ambas recepciones, la filosófica y la artística, implica un acercamiento a la problematización y la comprensión del conflicto capital-vida, además de las aportaciones de la producción feminista en el arte. Hace patente una ruta de revisión en la teoría feminista actual, dicha ruta se adhiere a una línea materialista, con profundas raíces clásicas, de una ontología del cuerpo.

Abstract To offer a reading route of feminist-Deleuzian thought, the review proposed by Rosi Braidotti, philosopher of difference and posthumanism, is presented regarding the reception and reworking of radical immanence, as well as sexual difference in connection with thought by Gilles Deleuze. Through Metamorphosis. Towards a materialist theory of becoming and key concepts, such as becomingwoman and becoming-insect, a relationship is established with contemporary visual feminisms. The dialogue between both receptions, the philosophical and the artistic, implies an approach to the problematization and understanding of the capital-life conflict, in addition to the contributions of feminist production in art. It makes evident a route of revision in current feminist theory, this route adheres to a materialist line, with deep classical roots, of an ontology of the body.

Abstract This paper explores the concept of i 51 “Nothingness” and its connection to Graham Priests paraconsistent logic, with a critical focus on Heidegger’s ontological perspective. Heidegger argues that logic and ontology are incompatible, and truth extends beyond mere propositions, tied to the indescribable experience of “Nothing.” He contends that logical rules are not essential for ontological truth, leading to two concep- tions of truth: fundamental and propositional. The study delves into this profound examination, considering the implications for understanding truth and the limitations of logic in grasping the elusive aspects of existence.

Resumen Este ensayo explora el concepto de “La Nada” y su conexión con la lógica paraconsistente de Graham Priest, con un enfoque crítico en la perspectiva ontológica de Hei- degger. Heidegger argumenta que la lógica y la ontología son incompatibles, y la verdad va más allá de meras proposiciones, vinculándose a la experiencia indescriptible de “La Nada”. Sostiene que las reglas lógicas no son esenciales para la verdad ontológica, lo que conduce a dos concepciones de la verdad: fundamental y proposicional. El estudio se adentra en esta profunda exploración, considerando las implicaciones para la comprensión de la verdad y las limitaciones de la lógica para entender los aspectos esquivos de la existencia.

Resumen: Este estudio presenta una herramienta soportada en una base de conocimiento, cuyo contenido es la información de competencias educativas y contenidos de vídeo seleccionados y vinculados cuidadosamente por expertos. Con el aumento reciente en el uso de servicios y aplicaciones de vídeo web, el contenido visible que pueden usar los usuarios ha aumentado considerablemente, lo cual es muy difícil de diferenciar y hace necesario el constante desarrollo de tecnologías que manejen la información educativa. La herramienta desarrollada aquí utiliza el lenguaje de descripción de recursos (RDF) y el lenguaje de ontologías web (OWL). Esto permite actualizar la base de conocimiento de vídeos educativos existentes y permite la mejor relación con las competencias definidas en el sistema educativo. Se concluye que la herramienta desarrollada permite llevar un proceso ágil, sencillo e intuitivo para agentes externos que no están ligados con la construcción de la base de conocimiento, pero que desean agregar información de un contexto en el cuál son expertos.

Abstract: This study presents a tool supported by a knowledge base that contains information about educational competencies and video content carefully selected and linked by experts. Recent increases in video services and web applications has considerably expanded the amount of visible content available to users, making it very difficult to differentiate them and making it necessary to constantly develop technologies for managing educational information. The tool developed here uses the resource description language (RDF) and the web ontology language (OWL). These allows users to increase existing educational knowledge base videos and allows improving their relationship with competencies defined in educational systems. It is concluded that the tool developed here allows conducting a quick, simple, and intuitive process for external agents that are not involved in the construction of the knowledge base, but that have the desire to add information within the context of their expertise.