INTRODUCTION: Outreach activities (OAs) are structured learning experiences, combining intentional learning goals with services to underserved communities. Oral health students participated on the Phelophepa Train (PT) and school-based programmes (SBPs) as part of their OAs. AIM AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the self-reported experiences of OA amongst undergraduate oral health students. DESIGN: Cross-sectional which included final year dental (N=62) and oral hygiene students (N= 13) registered in 2019. METHODS: Information was obtained using a modified, self-administered questionnaire which included the number and type of procedures performed; work-related limitations, personal work benefits, academic development and civic responsibility RESULTS: The response rate was 93% (N=65) and students performed more procedures on the train compared to the SBP. Most common procedures undertaken by dental students were screening (64%) and restorations (56%) for oral hygiene students it was screenings (92%) and examinations, Assure sealants and screenings 39% on the train and 31% at SBPs. The most common challenges on both the train and SBPs were inadequate materials (74%) and (41%), poor infection control (15%) and (41% and defective equipment (31%) and (38%) respectively. CONCLUSION: Although students performed a variety of clinical services they reported to have faced a number of challenges. The majority of students reported that OAs exposed them to the needs of the communities and encouraged them to improve their independence and accountability towards patients

O estudo buscou compreender a influência da estratégia do Pay for Performance (P4P), por meio do Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB), na atuação do(a)s trabalhadore(a)s. Trata-se de um estudo de caso qualitativo realizado com o(a)s trabalhadore(a)s das Estratégias de Saúde da Família. A análise foi realizada mediante a técnica de construção de narrativas. Constatou-se que o P4P contribuiu para qualificação do processo de trabalho, ao mesmo tempo que estimulou competição e conflito entre as equipes, aflorando sentimentos de culpa e injustiça e, devido à precarização do trabalho, o estímulo financeiro se descaracteriza, tornando-se complemento salarial. Problemas macroestruturais afetam as condições de trabalho e a motivação do(a)s trabalhadore(a)s, de modo que modelos de incentivo financeiro, isoladamente, não são suficientes para reverter tal cenário.

El estudio buscó comprender la influencia de la estrategia Pay for Performance (P4P), por medio del Programa de Mejora del Acceso y Calidad de la Atención Básica (Pmaq-AB), en la actuación de los trabajadores y las trabajadoras. Se trata de un estudio de caso, cualitativo, realizado con los trabajadores y las trabajadoras de las Estrategias de Salud de la Familia. El análisis se realizó mediante la construcción de narrativas. Se constató que el P4P contribuyó para la calificación del proceso de trabajo, al mismo tiempo que incentivó competencia y conflicto entre los equipos, haciendo aflorar los sentimientos de culpa e injusticia y, debido a la precarización del trabajo, el incentivo financiero se descaracteriza pasando a ser complemento salarial. Problemas macroestructurales afectan las condiciones de trabajo y la motivación de los trabajadores y de las trabajadoras, de modo que los modelos de incentivo económico, aisladamente, no son suficientes para revertir ese escenario.

This study sought to understand the influence of pay-for-performance (P4P) on worker performance using data from the National Program for Improving Primary Care Access and Quality (PMAQ-AB). We conducted a qualitative case study with professionals working in family health strategy teams. The data were analyzed using the narrative construction technique. The findings show that P4P contributed to the improvement of work processes, while at the same time stimulating competition and conflict between the teams, causing feelings of guilt and injustice. However, the original purpose of the financial incentive is defeated due to poor working terms and conditions, becoming akin to a salary supplement. Macrostructural problems affect working conditions and worker motivation, showing that financial incentive models alone are not sufficient to reverse this situation.

Abstract The pollen-food allergy syndrome, also known as oral allergy syndrome, is characterized by local reactions inthe mouth and throat after consuming certain raw plant foods in individuals sensitized to pollen from grass, weeds, and trees. Birch-apple is the prototype of this syndrome, with apple, pear, and plum being the most commonly associated foods. Symptoms are usually limited to the oral cavity but can include systemic reactions, including anaphylaxis. Sensitization to pollen allergens, such as lipid transfer proteins, profilin, and PR-10 proteins, triggers this syndrome. Its prevalence varies by geographic region and the predominant pollen type, affecting between 30% and 60% of food allergies. Diagnosis involves a clinical history, skin tests, and, in ambiguous cases, double-blind, placebo-controlled oral food challenges. Treatment primarily involves avoiding trigger foods.

Resumen El síndrome de alergia a alimentos y pólenes, también conocido como síndrome polen-alimento o síndrome de alergia oral, se caracteriza por una reacción local en la boca y faringe después de ingerir ciertos alimentos vegetales crudos, en individuos sensibilizados al polen de hierbas, malezas y árboles. El abedul-manzana es el prototipo de este síndrome, siendo la manzana, pera y ciruela los alimentos más comúnmente asociados. Los síntomas suelen limitarse a la cavidad oral, pero pueden incluir reacciones sistémicas, incluida la anafilaxia. La sensibilización a alérgenos de polen, como las proteínas de transferencia de lípidos, profilina y proteínas PR-10, desencadena este síndrome. Su prevalencia varía según la región geográfica y el tipo de polen predominante, afectando entre el 30% y el 60% de las alergias alimentarias. El diagnóstico implica historia clínica,pruebas cutáneas y, en casos ambiguos, pruebas de provocación alimentaria oral. El tratamiento consiste principalmente en evitar los alimentos desencadenantes.

Abstract: This paper will develop some inquiries about the participation of evangelical organizations within civil society networks within the framework of the Inter-American Human Rights System (SIDH), through what we call Evangelical Political Networks (RPE), identifying some transformations in the modes of incidence of these groups, from multilateral instances to local anchors, and vice versa. The objective is to account for the new transnational and multilateral dynamics that operate in spaces linked to the Latin American evangelical field, examining the participation of Evangelical Coalitions in the Civil Society Dialogue of the Organization of American States (OAS) and its impact on the promotion of political-moral narratives within the so-called religious neoconservatism, to later analyze how these instances are instrumentalized and operationalized by local Chilean agents.

Resumen: El presente trabajo desarrollará algunas indagaciones en torno a la participación de organizaciones evangélicas dentro de redes de sociedad civil en el marco del Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos (SIDH), a través de lo que denominamos como Redes Políticas Evangélicas (RPE), identificando algunas transformaciones en los modos de incidencia de estos colectivos, desde instancias multilaterales hacia anclajes locales, y viceversa. El objetivo es dar cuenta de las nuevas dinámicas transnacionales y multilaterales que operan en espacios ligados al campo evangélico latinoamericano, examinando la participación de Coaliciones Evangélicas en el Diálogo de Sociedad Civil de la Organización de Estados Americanos (OEA) y su impacto en el impulso de narrativas político-morales dentro del llamado neoconservadurismo religioso, para luego analizar cómo estas instancias son instrumentalizadas y operativizadas por agentes locales chilenos.

Resumo: Este artigo desenvolverá algumas indagações sobre a participação de organizações evangélicas em redes da sociedade civil no âmbito do Sistema Interamericano de Direitos Humanos (SIDH), por meio do que chamamos de Redes Políticas Evangélicas (RPE), identificando algumas transformações nos modos de incidência desses grupos, de instâncias multilaterais a âncoras locais, e vice-versa. O objetivo é dar conta das novas dinâmicas transnacionais e multilaterais que operam em espaços vinculados ao campo evangélico latino-americano, examinando a participação das Coalizões Evangélicas no Diálogo da Sociedade Civil da Organização dos Estados Americanos (OEA) e seu impacto na promoção de narrativas político-morais dentro do chamado neoconservadorismo religioso, para depois analisar como essas instâncias são instrumentalizadas e operacionalizadas por agentes locais chilenos.

Abstract Objective: to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution of occupational accident (OA) indicators and other agribusiness-related health issues in Mato Grosso, Brazil, from 2008 to 2017. Methods: ecological study using trend analysis and correlation calculation between agricultural, forestry, mineral production and OA indicators. Results: slaughtering and meat production (16.9%) and agriculture (12.3%) were the agribusiness activities with the highest contribution to OA. Municipalities considered the largest agricultural producers (Paratininga, Barra do Garças, Alta Floresta and Sorriso) showed the highest OA rates. Of the OA registered in the state, 58.4% were agribusiness-related. Gross value added presented a positive and significant correlation with the incidence rate (r = 0.303; p < 0.001), mortality (r = 0.368; p < 0.001) and lethality (r = 0.390; p < 0.001) by OA. Analysis showed an increasing trend in the annual percentage variation of 7.3% (95%CI: 6.1;8.6) in productive effort (hectare/inhabitant), 6.2% (95%CI: 5.2;7.3) in productive effort (pesticide exposure/inhabitant), and 6.2% (95%CI: 4.1;8.3) in hospitalizations for neoplasms, as well as the growth of agricultural production, agricultural inputs, and health problems. Conclusion: most OAs were related to agribusiness, mainly in meatpacking plants and agriculture. There was a positive correlation between indicators of agricultural production and occupational-related accidents and deaths.

Resumo Objetivo: analisar a distribuição espacial e temporal dos indicadores de acidentes de trabalho (AT) e de outros agravos à saúde relacionados à produção agropecuária de Mato Grosso, no período de 2008 a 2017. Métodos: trata-se de estudo ecológico, com análise de tendência e correlação entre indicadores de produção agropecuária, florestal, mineral e AT. Resultados: as atividades econômicas do agronegócio com maior contribuição aos AT foram: abate e fabricação de produtos de carnes (16,9%) e agricultura (12,3%). Taxas de AT mais elevadas foram observadas nos municípios considerados os maiores produtores agropecuários (Paranatinga, Barra do Garças, Alta Floresta e Sorriso). Evidenciou-se que 58,4% dos AT no estado foram relacionados ao agronegócio. Foi encontrada correlação positiva e significativa entre o valor adicionado bruto e a taxa de incidência (r = 0,303; p < 0,001), mortalidade (r = 0,368; p < 0,001) e letalidade (r = 0,390; p < 0,001) por AT. Identificou-se tendência crescente na variação percentual anual de 7,3% (IC95%: 6,1;8,6) do esforço produtivo (hectare/habitante), de 6,2% (IC95%: 5,2;7,3) do esforço produtivo (exposição agrotóxico/habitante) e de 6,2% (IC95%: 4,1;8,3) das internações por neoplasias, bem como do crescimento da produção agrícola, dos insumos agrícolas e dos agravos à saúde. Conclusão: a maioria dos AT foram relacionados ao agronegócio, predominantemente nas atividades de frigoríficos e agricultura. Houve correlação positiva entre indicadores de produção agropecuária e de ocorrências e mortes por AT.

Abstract Latin American regionalism is in a phase of reconfiguration caused by its intergovernmental and interpresidential character. With the changes of governments in Mexico and Argentina in 2018 and 2019, a new dynamic has been unleashed. CELAC was resurrected, Prosur was weakened, the Lima Group disappeared, and the OAS lost its leading role. The current political situation opens new perspectives for regional cooperation and the revitalization of regional organizations and forums. But after a surge during the pink tide, as the election of several left-leaning presidents in the first decade of the 21st century -and the beginning of the second decade- was then called, came the decline of organizations and regional forums. UNASUR disintegrated and CELAC was paralyzed. The article reassesses the dynamic cycle of regionalism during the pink tide and asks what lessons can be learned from the subsequent decline of regional organizations and forums for the new phase of regionalism in Latin America.

Resumen El regionalismo latinoamericano está en una fase de reconfiguración causada por su carácter intergubernamental e interpresidencial. Con los cambios de gobierno en México y Argentina en 2018 y 2019 se ha desatado una nueva dinámica. Resucitó CELAC, se debilitó Prosur, desapareció el Grupo de Lima, y la OEA perdió protagonismo. La coyuntura política actual abre nuevas perspectivas para la cooperación regional y la revitalización de las organizaciones y foros regionales. Pero tras un auge durante la marea rosa, como se denominó entonces la elección de varios presidentes con una orientación de izquierda en la primera década del siglo XXI y al principio de la segunda década, se produjo el declive de las organizaciones y foros regionales. UNASUR se desintegró y CELAC se paralizó. El artículo hace una reevaluación del ciclo dinámico del regionalismo durante la marea rosa y pregunta qué lecciones se pueden aprender del posterior declive de las organizaciones y foros regionales para la nueva etapa del regionalismo en América Latina.

Resumen Objetivo: Presentamos el caso de un paciente con antecedente de carcinoma de células escamosas tratado mediante cirugía y radioterapia, que presentó pérdida de visión en su ojo derecho por oclusión vascular. Dos semanas después sufrió una ptosis derecha completa y oftalmoplejía. El diagnóstico de sospecha, un síndrome del ápex orbitario (SAO), fue descartado en un principio mediante técnicas de imagen, pero se confirmó un mes más tarde por la evolución clínica y una segunda resonancia magnética. Resultados: El carcinoma de células escamosas tiene capacidad de infiltración local y diseminación a distancia. El SAO se caracteriza por el daño de las estructuras que atraviesan la fisura orbitaria superior y el canal óptico Conclusiones: El diagnóstico de SAO se basa en la sospecha clínica y la confirmación por las técnicas de imagen; sin embargo, en los casos con signos clínicos claros e imágenes normales, un tratamiento temprano puede mejorar el pronóstico y la calidad de vida del paciente.

Abstract Objective: This is the case of a male with a past medical history of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) treated with surgery and radiotherapy who had loss of vision in his right eye due to vascular occlusion. Two weeks later he suffered from complete right ptosis and ophthalmoplegia. The suspected diagnosis—orbital apex syndrome (OAS)—was first ruled out by the imaging modalities, yet confirmed 1 month later by the disease clinical progression and a second magnetic resonance imaging. Results: The SCC has the capacity of local infiltration and distance dissemination. The OAS is characterized by the damage it causes to the structures that pass through the upper orbital fissure and optical channel Conclusions: The diagnosis of OAS is based on clinical suspicion and confirmation through imaging modalities. However, in cases with clear clinical signs and initial normal analytics and image findings, early treatment may improve the patient’s prognosis and quality of life.

BACKGROUND: The study aimed to compare the outcomes of paediatric laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) with open appendectomy (OA) for complicated appendicitis (CA). All trainees could perform OA without supervisionMETHODS: This is a single-centre, retrospective, non-randomised review of children 4-12 years of age, who had either an OA or LA for CA. The data was collected from August 2012 to June 2016. Nineteen surgical trainees were initially supervised by a consultant until deemed able to perform LA safely. The on-call surgeon decided on operative approach. Intra- and postoperative complications were analysed. Primary endpoint was comparison of infection rates between groups, simultaneous differences between the two procedures performed by surgical trainees and consultants were evaluatedRESULTS: One hundred and fifty-five patients had appendicectomy for CA during the study period. Fourteen patients with incomplete information were excluded. Ninety had OAs and 51 LAs. Both groups were well matched demographically. Postoperative infective complications occurred in 13/51 (25.5%) of the LAs, and in 23/90 (25.6%) of the OA (p = 0.159). Fourteen trainees performed 27 LAs without consultant supervision by the conclusion of the study. The mean duration of LA surgery for surgical trainees was 110.35 minutes (IQR 22.5) and for consultants 93.87 minutes (IQR 35, p = 0.497CONCLUSION: There is no difference in intra- and postoperative complications between LA and OA for CA. Duration of surgery between surgical trainees and consultants were comparable. This indicates that surgical trainees acquire LA skill over a short period of time and that LA as a laparoscopic teaching procedure merits consideration

Resumen Introducción: la sepsis se diagnostica en más de 60% de los adultos mayores (AM) en el mundo. Estos AM con frecuencia presentan multimorbilidad y alguno de los síndromes geriátricos, llevando a discapacidad física, cognitiva y psicosocial, lo cual produce altos costos para los sistemas de salud, resultando en un problema grave de salud pública. Objetivo: identificar el impacto de la multimorbilidad y los síndromes geriátricos en la mortalidad de AM hospitalizados por sepsis en una unidad geriátrica de agudos a 30 días de su ingreso. Material y métodos: estudio observacional, analítico de casos y controles anidado en una cohorte. Resultados: se analizaron 238 pacientes con edad media de 83.15±7.12 años, 52.1% fueron mujeres y el 99% tenían al menos una comorbilidad, la mortalidad a 30 días fue 34%. La infección urinaria fue la causa principal de hospitalización (42.9%), obteniendo un aislamiento microbio-lógico en 43.3% de los casos, siendo la Escherichia coli el agente causal más frecuente (46.6%). La regresión logística múltiple mostró que la enfermedad renal crónica (OR 2.1 IC 95% 1.1-4.8; p=0.037), el delirium (OR 3.1 IC 95% 1.6-5.8; p=0.001) y la discapacidad (índice de Barthel <60; OR 3.4 IC 95% 1.5-7.5; p=0.002) se asociaron de manera significativa con la mortalidad a 30 días desde el ingreso a la unidad geriátrica de agudos en paciente con sepsis. Conclusión: en los AM hospitalizados por sepsis, la multimorbilidad, la enfermedad renal crónica y los síndromes geriátricos representados por delirium y discapacidad fueron los predictores de mortalidad a 30 días. (Acta Med Colomb 2022; 47. DOI:https://doi.org/10.36104/amc.2022.2125).

Abstract Introduction: sepsis is diagnosed in more than 60% of older adults (OAs) worldwide. These OAs often have multimorbidity and one of the geriatric syndromes, leading to physical, cognitive and psychosocial disability with consequently high healthcare costs, resulting in a serious public health problem. Objective: to determine the impact of multimorbidity and geriatric syndromes on the 30-day mortality rate of OAs hospitalized for sepsis in an acute geriatric unit. Materials and methods: an observational, analytical, nested case-control study. Results: 238 patients with a mean age of 83.15±7.12 were analyzed; 52.1% were women and 99% had at least one comorbidity; the 30-day mortality was 34%. Urinary tract infection was the main cause of hospitalization (42.9%), with microbiological isolation achieved in 43.3% of cases and Escherichia coli being the most common causal agent (46.6%). Multiple logistic regression showed that chronic kidney disease (OR 2.1 95% CI 1.1-4.8; p=0.037), delirium (OR 3.1 95% CI 1.6-5.8; p=0.001) and disability (Barthel index <60; OR 3.4 95% CI 1.5-7.5; p=0.002) were significantly related to 30-day mortality in patients with sepsis admitted to an acute geriatric unit. Conclusion: in OAs hospitalized for sepsis, multimorbidity, chronic kidney disease and geriatric syndromes (represented by delirium and disability) were the predictors of 30-day mortality. (Acta Med Colomb 2022; 47. DOI:https://doi.org/10.36104/amc.2022.2125).

ABSTRACT Poultry products may be a source of foodborne human salmonellosis. The use of alternatives to antimicrobials that are not harmful to humans may reduce the presence of Salmonella spp. in poultry production. Among the products used, organic acids stand out. In the present study, three different organic acid (OA) blends were evaluated for the control of Salmonella Heidelberg (SH) in commercial broilers. Day-old chicks (n = 114) were randomly assigned to four treatments, with three replicates of 12 birds each. Birds in treatments A and B received SCFA (0.2mL/L) and SCFA + MCFA (0.2mL/L), respectively, in the drinking water, while birds in treatment C received SCFA + MCFA in the feed (2g/Kg of feed). Birds from treatment D did not receive OAs (control group). At 8 days of age, each bird was orally inoculated with SH at 108 CFU/mL, and cloacal swabs and SH enumeration of the cecal content were performed 24-, 48-, and 72-hours post-inoculation (hpi). The results show a reduction of both SH shedding and counts in the birds fed OAs at all pi times relative to the control birds. Fecal shedding was significantly lower in the OA-treated groups compared with the control group. As for SH presence in the cecum, significant differences were detected between groups C and D at 24 and 72 hpi, and between groups B and D at 72 hpi. The results of this study indicate that the use of feeding OAs to broilers may contribute to reduce the incidence of SH in the poultry production chain, allowing better flock health management, provided an efficient biosecurity program is employed.

Resumo A pandemia do COVID-19 vem (re)criando novas geografias globais da morte, que impactam especificamente o Sul Global e expõem seu continuum de vulnerabilidades – distribuídas desigualmente em termos de raça, gênero, classe e assim por diante. Nas Américas, podemos identificar o surgimento de uma nova governança regional da morte, associada a um conjunto de recomendações práticas da Organização dos Estados Americanos (OEA) restringindo as respostas políticas dos Estados à COVID-19 e instalando um novo léxico de governança global. As recomendações sobre o descarte de cadáveres, o pleno respeito ao luto coletivo e familiar e as indicações de formas alternativas de realizar funerais e velórios, por exemplo, parecem evocar novas respostas multilaterais, abrindo caminho para um novo modelo de governança: aquele que centra a morte na formulação de políticas regionais. Isso aponta para uma mudança no tratamento da morte de uma questão puramente privada para uma questão politicamente infundida. Teoricamente, este artigo visa preencher a lacuna entre os Estudos da Morte e as literaturas de Governança Global. Apoiado no método genealógico de Michel Foucault, o objetivo é reconceituar criticamente os significados e enquadramentos das paisagens da morte nas Américas, apontando para a correlação de forças que possibilitaram a emergência normativa da morte na OEA neste momento histórico particular.

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has been (re)creating new global geographies of death, which specifically impact the Global South and expose its continuum of vulnerabilities – unequally distributed in terms of race, gender, class, and so on. In the Americas, we can identify the emergence of a new regional governance of death, associated with a set of practical recommendations by the Organization of American States (OAS) constraining states’ policy responses to COVID-19 and installing a new global governance lexicon. Recommendations concerning the disposal of dead bodies, full respect for both collective and family grief, and indications of alternative ways to conduct funerals and memorial services, for instance, seem to evoke new multilateral responses, paving the way for a new governance model: one that centres death within regional policymaking. This points to a change in the treatment of death from a purely private to a politically infused issue. Theoretically, this article aims to bridge the gap between Death Studies and Global Governance literatures. Supported by Michel Foucault’s genealogical method, the goal is to critically reconceptualise the meanings and framings of death landscapes in the Americas, pointing us to the correlation of forces that enabled the normative emergence of death in the OAS in this particular historical moment.

Resumo Na primeira década do século XXI, o panorama político da América do Sul foi marcado pela ascensão de grupos multilaterais genuinamente sul-americanos organizados à margem da OEA (Organização dos Estados Americanos), tais como a CASA (Comunidade Sul-Americana de Nações) e a UNASUR (União das Nações Sul-Americanas). Embora este processo tenha sido amplamente retratado na literatura sobre política e integração regional, tem sido dada menos atenção às diferenças entre os protagonistas destes arranjos. O ponto principal do artigo é que o Brasil e a Venezuela desempenharam um papel de liderança, sob os governos de Lula e Chávez, apesar das convergências ideológicas e das alianças ocasionais, um choque que envolveu diferentes concepções de projetos regionais que polarizaram a política sul-americana na altura.

Abstract In the first decade of the 21st century, South America’s political landscape was marked by the rise of genuinely multilateral groups from the region that were organised on the margins of the OAS (Organization of American States), such as CASA (South American Community of Nations) and UNASUR (Union of South American Nations). Although this process has been widely portrayed in the literature on politics and regional integration, less attention has been paid to the differences between the protagonists of these arrangements. The present article’s main point is that Brazil and Venezuela played a leading role in that mobilization process, respectively under the administrations of Lula and Chávez. It argues that, despite ideological convergences and occasional alliances, there was a clash observed between the two leaders that entailed different conceptions of regional projects which polarised South American politics at the time.

RESUMO Introdução: A alergia alimentar afeta milhões de pessoas globalmente. As proteínas de transferência lipídica (LTP) são panalergénios presentes em alimentos vegetais cujos sintomas de sensibilização variam de síndrome de alergia oral (SAO) a anafilaxia. Objetivo: Caracterização do perfil de sensibilização clínica e molecular de doentes com história de reação prévia a alimentos contendo LTP. Material e métodos: Estudo retrospetivo incluindo 15 doentes com história de reação sistémica a alimentos contendo LTP. Os doentes foram caracterizados quanto a sintomas e sensibilização em testes cutâneos por picada (TCP) com extrato comercial e alimentos em natureza (TC PP). Foi realizado MacroArray Allergy Explorer-ALEX® para avaliação de valores de IgE total, IgE específica para componentes moleculares (IgEcm) e extratos totais (IgEet). Resultados: Quinze doentes, 73% mulheres, média de idades 30,7±13,7 anos. Média de idades no primeiro episódio foi 21,8±10,5 anos, manifestando-se como anafilaxia n=8 (maçã, pêssego, frutos secos), urticária/angioedema n=4 (maçã, pêssego, amendoim) e SAO n=3 (maçã, pêssego, amendoim). IgE total média: 430,5kU/L. Identificaram-se as seguintes LTP (N; IgEcm média±desvio padrão-kU/L): Pru p 3 (15; 15,7±21,5), Ara h 9 (10; 2,9±4), Mal d 3 (9; 1,5±1,7), Act d 10 (6; 0,6±1), Vit v 1 (6; 1,8±2,5), Cor a 8 (4; 0,1±0,2), Sola l 6 (1; 0,88). Com pêssego todas as associações entre clínica, testes cutâneos e valores de IgE tiveram concordância k=1; concordância da clínica com TCP e TC PP foi superior para maçã (k=0,44; p=0,03); concordância da clínica com IgEet foi superior para amendoim (k=0,87; p<0,01); concordância da clínica com IgEcm foi superior para avelã (k=0,70; p<0,01) e uva (k=0,55; p=0,02). Conclusões: O método ALEX® permitiu identificar simultaneamente a IgE total, IgEet e IgEcm, simplificando a interpretação e correlação clínica dos resultados. Neste estudo demonstramos que, para diferentes alimentos, o método diagnóstico com maior concordância com a clínica é variável e dependente do alimento. Será necessário um estudo prospetivo mais alargado para aferir a sensibilidade e especificidade deste teste.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Food allergy affects millions of people globally. Lipid transfer proteins (LTP) are panallergens presente in plant foods and sensitization symptoms vary from oral allergy syndrome (OAS) to anaphylaxis. Objective: Characterization of clinical and molecular sensitization profile of patients with history of previous reaction to foods containing LTP. Material and methods: Retrospective study including 15 patients with history of systemic reaction to foods containing LTP. Patients were characterized for symptoms and sensitization in skin prick tests (SPT) with commercial extract and food in nature (SPT prick-prick). MacroArray Allergy Explorer-ALEX® was performed to evaluate total IgE, specific IgE for molecular components (IgEmc) and total extracts (IgEte) values. Results: Fifteen patients, 73% women, mean age 30.7±13.7 years old. Mean age in first episode was 21.8±10.5 years old, manifesting as: anaphylaxis n=8 (apple, peach, nuts), urticaria/angioedema n=4 (apple, peach, peanut) and OAS n=3 (apple, peach, peanut). Mean total IgE: 430.5kU/L. The following LTP (N;IgE mean±standard deviation-kU/L) were identified: Pru p 3 (15;15.7±21.5), Ara h 9 (10;2.9±4), Mal d 3 (9;1.5±1.7), Act d 10 (6;0.6±1), Vit v 1 (6;1.8±2.5), Cor a 8 (4;0.1±0.2), Sola l 6 (1;0.88). For peach, all associations between symptoms, cutaneous tests and IgE values obtained a correlation of k=1; furthermore, symptoms agreement with SPT+SPT prick-prick was higher for apple (k=0.44, p=0.03); symptoms agreement with IgEte was higher for peanut (k=0.87, p<0.01); symptoms agreement with IgEmc was higher for hazelnut (k=0.70, p<0.01) and grape (k=0.55, p=0.02). Conclusions: ALEX® method allows simultaneous identification of total IgE, IgEte and IgEmc, simplifying the interpretation and clinical correlation of the results. In this study we demonstrate for different foods that the diagnostic method with greater correlation with clinic is variable and dependent on the food. A broader prospective study is needed to assess the sensitivity and specificity of this test.

Abstract: Introduction: Andes Pediatrica/Revista Chilena de Pediatría (AP/RChP), maintains a document profile that covers all scientific publication formats, from Original Articles (OAs) to Letters to the Editor. Adequate editorial planning requires a long-term bibliometric analysis. Objective: To describe the profile of OAs published in AP/RChP in the last two decades. Methodology: From a controlled vocabulary list, the thematic and methodological descriptors of the documents from 2000 to 2020 were standardi zed. Nationality, sex, and profession of the authors, document typology, and design of the OAs were analyzed, as well as the descriptors cited in Google Scholar and the most visited descriptors on the journal’s website in recent years. Results: 1738 manuscripts were published, 580 (33.4%) were OAs, with an increase from 59 to 129 OAs between the first and last three years. The average number of authors was higher for OAs (4.7) than for non-originals (3.0). In 2020, there were nine multicenter collaborations from different countries. The number of OAs by foreign authors increased from 3.3% to 28.7%, the first authorship by non-medical professionals increased from 15% to 31%, and there was a predominance of female first authors (ratio 1.4/1). Of the OAs, 9.1% were experimental, 3.3% were qualitative and the rest were quantitative observational. The most published descriptors were Nutrition, Infectious Diseases, Neonatology, and Pneumonology, while the most cited descriptors were Nutrition, Neonatology, and Oral Health, with no trend among the most visited. 44% of the most cited articles and 35% of the most visited articles were OAs. Conclusions: A significant increase in published OAs stands out, with a low frequency of experimental designs. Authors of different na tionalities and professions participated. OAs represent one-third of the visits and almost half of the citations, with no correlation between the most published and most cited descriptors.

Resumen: Introducción: Andes Pediatrica/Revista Chilena de Pediatría (AP/RCHP), mantiene un perfil de documentos que abarca todos los formatos de la publicación científica, desde Artículos Originales (AO) hasta Cartas al Editor. Para una adecuada planificación editorial se requiere un análisis bibliométrico de largo plazo. Objetivo: Describir el perfil de AO publicados en AP/RCHP en las últimas 2 décadas. Me todología: Desde una lista de vocabulario controlado se estandarizaron los descriptores temáticos y metodológicos de los documentos del 2000 al 2020. Se analizó nacionalidad, género y profesión de los autores, tipología documental y diseño de los AO. Se analizó los descriptores citados en Google Schoolar y los más visitados en el sitio web de la revista en los últimos años. Resultados: Se publicaron 1.738 manuscritos, 580 (33,4%) AO, con un incremento de 59 a 129 AO entre el primer y último trienio. El promedio de autores fue superior para los AO (4,7) que para los no originales (3,0); el año 2020 hubo 9 colaboraciones multicéntricas de distintos países. Los AO de autores extranjeros incrementaron de 3,3 a 28,7%, la autoría en primera posición de profesionales no médicos aumentó de 15 a 31%, hubo predominio de primer autor femenino (relación 1,4/1). De los AO 9,1% eran experimentales, 3,3% cualitativos y el resto cuantitativos observacionales. Los descriptores más publicados fueron Nutrición, Infectología, Neonatología y Broncopulmonar, mientras que los más citados fueron Nutrición, Neonatología y Salud Oral, sin tendencia entre los más visitados. El 44% de los artículos más citados y el 35% de los más visitados fueron AO. Con clusiones: Destaca un importante incremento de AO publicados, con baja frecuencia de diseños experimentales. Hubo participación de autores de distintas nacionalidades y profesiones. Los AO contribuyeron a un tercio de las visitas y casi la mitad de las citas, sin demostrarse correlación entre los descriptores más publicados y los más citados.

Résumé: L’objectif principal de cet article est d’expliquer les raisons pour lesquelles le gouvernement d’Adolfo López Mateos (ALM) a émis trois votes différents lors de trois réunions différentes de l’Organisation des États Américains (OEA), dans un laps de temps relativement court, sur des questions concernant Cuba et la politique anticommuniste des États-Unis. Pour ce faire, l’ouvrage analyse, à partir de la notion des win-sets (ensembles gagnants) de la théorie des jeux à deux niveaux de Robert Putnam, le processus décisionnel de la politique étrangère mexicaine vis-à-vis de Cuba dans le cadre de ces trois réunions. Les votes différenciés sont expliqués en fonction de l’importance des win-sets dans chaque cas, lesquels ont été déterminés à partir de différentes situations internes et externes qui se sont produites à chaque instant. La décision dépendait principalement de l’intérêt du gouvernement et du poids des groupes de pression, aussi bien internes qu’externes, qui à l’époque s’intéressaient à cette question, ainsi qu’à la situation nationale et internationale qui régnait alors. L’essai cherche à démontrer l’hypothèse suivante: dans l’opinion publique mexicaine, il y a une interprétation générale selon laquelle le gouvernement ALM a soutenu Cuba lors de ces réunions de l’OEA. Cependant, le but ici est de prouver qu’en fait, le Mexique s’est aligné sur les intérêts des ÉtatsUnis et non sur ceux du régime de Castro.

Abstract: The central aim of this paper is to explain the reasons why the government of Adolfo López Mateos (ALM) produced three different votes at three different meetings of the Organization of American States (OAS), over a relatively brief period, on issues relating to Cuba and the anti-communist policy of the United States. To do this it analyzes the concept of the win-sets of Robert Putnam’s two-level game theory, the decision-making process of Mexico’s foreign policy towards Cuba in the context of these three meetings. The different votes are explained on the basis of the size of the win-sets in each case, which were determined on the basis of different internal and external circumstances that are presented in each moment. The decision depended principally on the interest of the government and the impact of the pressure groups, both internal and external, that had an interest in the issue at the time and in the prevailing domestic and international situation. The essay seeks to demonstrate the following hypothesis: in Mexican public opinion, there is a widespread view that the government of ALM supported Cuba at these meetings of the oas. However, the aim here is to show that in fact, Mexico was aligned with the interests of the United States and not with those of the Castro regime.

Resumen: El objetivo central de este artículo es explicar las razones por las cuales el gobierno de Adolfo López Mateos (ALM) emitió tres votos diferentes en tres reuniones distintas de la Organización de los Estados Americanos (OEA), en un tiempo relativamente corto, sobre temas vinculados a Cuba y la política anticomunista de Estados Unidos. Para ello, el trabajo analiza, a partir de la noción de los win-sets (conjuntos ganadores) de la teoría del juego del doble nivel de Robert Putnam, el proceso de toma de decisiones de la política exterior de México frente a Cuba en el marco de esas tres reuniones. Los votos diferenciados se explican en función del tamaño de los win-sets en cada caso, los cuales estaban determinados por distintas coyunturas internas y externas que se presentaron en cada momento. La decisión dependía, principalmente, del interés del gobierno y del peso de los grupos de presión, tanto internos como externos, que en ese momento tenían interés en el tema, y de la situación nacional e internacional que en ese entonces prevalecía. El ensayo busca demostrar la siguiente hipótesis: en la opinión pública mexicana, existe una interpretación generalizada de que el gobierno de ALM apoyó a Cuba en esas reuniones de la OEA. Sin embargo, aquí se busca probar que, en los hechos, México se alineó a los intereses de Estados Unidos y no a los del régimen de Castro.