Resumen: El pasado curso escolar 2019-2020 vivió una situación de confinamiento que obligó a la observancia de una educación online. Esto tuvo varias repercusiones como afectación del alumnado que venía arrastrando alguna dificultad previa (Organización de Estados Iberoamericanos, 2020); imposibilidad de acceso a herramientas tecnológicas para el desempeño educativo diario; incertidumbre sobre cuándo y cómo debía llevarse a cabo la vuelta a la normalidad; regreso a la presencialidad, entre otros. Esto provocó que los docentes manifestaran no sólo la incertidumbre en el ejercicio de su docencia, sino también se viesen hastiados por cambios que no han servido para mejorar su situación profesional, requiriendo sacrificios a nivel personal. Un estudio encaminado a analizar la particular situación educativa en la Comunidad Autónoma de Galicia (España), puso de manifiesto el hartazgo de la clase docente. Esto, con total independencia de la tipología del centro escolar al que pertenecían: público, privado o concertado. La necesidad de realizar varios procesos de muestreo-participación, para obtener la muestra requerida por el estudio, dada su relevancia, fue lo que motivó el análisis sobre las razones que llevan al colectivo de docentes a no participar determinando, a través de un indicador, el grado de hastío de estos.

Abstract: The past school year 2019-2020 has experienced a situation of school confinement, which forced the observance of an online education, with certain repercussions: affectation on students who had been dragging some previous difficulty (OEI), impossibility of access to technological tools for daily educational performance, uncertainty about when and how the return to normality should take place, i.e., return to face-to-face. This caused teachers to express not only uncertainty in the exercise of their teaching, but also to see themselves jaded by changes that have not served to improve their professional situation, requiring sacrifices on a personal level. A study carried out aimed at analyzing the particular educational situation in the Autonomous Community of Galicia (Spain), has revealed the weariness of the teaching class, with complete independence of the type of school to which they are attached: public, private or concerted. The need to carry out various sampling-participation processes, to obtain the sample required by the study, given its relevance, was what motivated the analysis of what leads the group of teachers not to participate, determining, through an indicator, the degree of boredom with them.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The superiority of the functional results of robot-assisted radical prostatectomyis still controversial. Despite this, it is known that minimally invasive surgery obtains better results when analyzing blood loss, blood transfusion and length of stay, for example. Several studies have analyzed the impact of the resident physician's involvement on the results of urological surgeries. The simple learning curve for robot-assisted radical prostate surgery is estimated to be around 10 to 12 cases. Learning curve data for robotic surgeons is heterogeneous, making it difficult to analyze. Rare studies compare the results of a radical prostatectomy of an inexperienced surgeon starting his training in open surgery, with the results of the same surgeon, a few years later, starting training in robotic surgery. Objective: to analyze the results of open radical prostatectomy surgeries (ORP) performed by urology residents, comparing them to the results of robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP), performed by these same surgeons, after completing their training in urology. Materials and methods: a retrospective analysis of the cases of only 3 surgeons was performed. 50 patients underwent ORP (group A). The surgeons who operated on the ORP patients were in the 3rd and final year of the urology residency program and beginners in ORP surgery, but with at least 4 years of experience in open surgery. The same surgeons, already trained urologists, began their training in robotic surgery and performed 56 RARP surgeries (group B). For the comparative analysis, data were collected on age, number of lymph nodes removed, surgery time, hospitalization time, drain volume, drain permanence time, indwelling bladdercateter (IBC) permanence time, positive surgical margin, biochemical recurrence, risk classification (ISUP), intra and postoperative complications, urinary incontinence (UI) and erectile dysfunction (ED). The console used was the Da Vinci Si, from Intuitive®. For statistical analysis, the Shapiro-Wilk test verified that the data did not follow normality, the Levene test guaranteed homogeneity, and the Mann-Whitney test performed the comparative analysis of the quantitative data. For the analysis of qualitative data, the Chi-square test was used for nominal variables and the Mann-Whitney U test for ordinal variables. Additionally, the Friedman test analyzed whether there was an improvement in the perception of UI or ED over the months, for each group individually (without comparing them), and the post-hoc Durbin-Conover test, for the results with statistically significant difference. We used a p-value < 0.05, and the Jamovi® program (Version 2.0). Results: there was no statistically significant difference between the groups for age, number of lymph nodes removed, positive surgical margin, biochemical recurrence, risk classification and urinary incontinence. Additionally, we observed that the surgical time was longer in group B. On the other hand, the length of stay, drain volume, drain time, IBC time, complication rate and levels of erectile dysfunction in the third and sixth months were higher in group A, when compared to group B. We also observed that there was no evolutionary improvement in ED over the months in both groups, and that there was a perception of improvement in UI from the 1st to the 3rd month in group A, and from the 1st to the 6th month, and from the 3rd to the 12th month, in group B. Conclusion: the learning curve of RARP is equivalent to the curve of ORP. In general, the results for the robotic group were better, however, the functional results were similar between the groups, with a slight tendency of advantage for the robotic arm. Introduction robotassisted robot assisted controversial this loss stay example physicians physician s 1 heterogeneous later Objective (ORP residents RARP, , (RARP) methods 5 A. A . A) rd urologists B B) age removed volume (IBC margin recurrence ISUP, ISUP (ISUP) complications (UI ED. (ED) Si Intuitive Intuitive® ShapiroWilk Shapiro Wilk normality homogeneity MannWhitney Mann Whitney Chisquare Chi square Additionally without them, them) posthoc post hoc DurbinConover Durbin Conover pvalue p value 005 0 05 0.05 Jamovi Version 2.0. 20 2.0 2 2.0) Results hand st th Conclusion general however arm (RARP (ISUP (ED 00 0.0 2. 0.

ABSTRACT Foundation: cerebrovascular disease is any alteration of one or more brain areas, whether temporary or permanent, secondary to a cerebral circulation disorder of ischemic or hemorrhagic origin. For many years it has been considered one of the main causes of death worldwide. It is among the main causes of death in Ecuador. Objective: to describe the risk factors for cerebrovascular diseases in adult patients diagnosed with cerebrovascular diseases at the Tulcán Sur Health Center over a period of 1 year. Methods: a descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out at the Tulcán Sur Health Center, over a period of 1 year, from September 2022 to September 2023. The universe consisted of 130 patients. The sociodemographic variables were analyzed: age and sex; clinical: presence or absence of high blood pressure, smoking, alcoholism, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, atrial fibrillation and sedentary lifestyle. The normality of the data distribution was analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Categorical variables were expressed in absolute and relative frequencies. Quantitative variables were described using the mean and standard deviation. Results: the mean age of the population was 61.0 ± 16.5. The male sex predominated with 70 patients (53.8 %). High blood pressure, smoking and obesity were the most common cardiovascular risk factors with 73 (56.5 %), 79 (60.7 %), 64 (49.2 %) patients respectively. Conclusions: high blood pressure, smoking and obesity were the most prevalent risk factors.

RESUMEN Fundamento: la enfermedad cerebrovascular es toda alteración de una o varias áreas encefálicas, ya sea de forma transitoria o permanente, secundaria a un trastorno de la circulación cerebral de origen isquémico o hemorrágico. Por muchos años ha sido considerada una de las principales causas de muerte a nivel mundial. Está entre las principales causas de muerte en Ecuador. Objetivo: describir los factores de riesgo de enfermedades cerebrovasculares en pacientes adultos diagnosticados con enfermedades cerebrovasculares en el Centro de Salud Tulcán Sur en un periodo de 1 año. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal, en el Centro de Salud Tulcán Sur, en un periodo de 1 año, desde septiembre del 2022 a septiembre del 2023. El universo lo constituyeron 130 pacientes. Se analizaron las variables sociodemográficas: edad y sexo; clínicas: presencia o no de hipertensión arterial, tabaquismo, alcoholismo, diabetes mellitus, dislipidemia, fibrilación auricular y sedentarismo. La normalidad de la distribución de los datos fue analizada utilizando la prueba de Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Las variables categóricas fueron expresadas en frecuencias absoluta y relativa. Las variables cuantitativas se describieron utilizando la media y la desviación típica. Resultados: la media de edad de la población fue de 61,0 ± 16,5. El sexo masculino predominó con 70 pacientes (53,8 %). La hipertensión arterial, el tabaquismo y la obesidad fueron los factores de riesgo cardiovascular más frecuentes con 73 (56,5 %), 79 (60,7 %), 64 (49,2 %) pacientes respectivamente. Conclusiones: la hipertensión arterial, el tabaquismo y la obesidad fueron los factores de riesgo con más prevalencia.

Abstract Unsupervised learning techniques are employed to study the relationship between atmospheric circulation and precipitation over Central America and its surrounding areas. Specifically, the clustering algorithm k-means++ is applied to three coarse-grained datasets from ERA-interim reanalysis that are the candidates for representing the atmospheric state vector, each candidate contains its full temporal variability. Datasets are composed of: a) wind fields at 925, 800 and 200 hPa, b) same as “a)” plus convective available potential energy and c) same as “a)” plus total column water vapor. Clustering metrics, namely the variance ratio criterion, the silhouette criterion and the mean squared error, are computed to quantify clustering quality. Clusters are interpreted as weather types, recurrent configurations of the atmospheric state vector associated with observable weather states. The correct number of clusters for each dataset is determined with a Monte Carlo test of normality, to assure cluster existence. The main objective is to obtain a set of weather types containing elements that characterize the transition from and to the rainy season over the Pacific side of Central America as well as other elements of the seasonal cycle of regional precipitation, such as the Mid-Summer Drought. Besides the statistical metrics, in order to select between candidate datasets and plausible number of clusters, focus is given to the temporal characteristics of the clusters. Existing literature does not provide a set of weather types suitable to analyze seasonal transitions and the differences in the mechanisms associated with rainfall maxima.

Resumen Técnicas de aprendizaje no supervisado se emplean para estudiar la relación entre la circulación atmosférica y la precipitación sobre América Central y sus áreas circundantes. Específicamente, el algoritmo de agrupamiento k-means++ se aplica a tres conjuntos de datos de baja resolución del reanálisis ERA interim, estos son candidatos a representar el vector de estado atmosférico y cada uno contiene su variabilidad temporal completa. Los conjuntos de datos probados son: a) campos de viento a 925, 800 y 200 hPa, b) lo mismo que “a)” más la energía potencial convectiva disponible y c) lo mismo que “a)” más el vapor de agua en la columna total. Se calculan métricas de agrupamiento, a saber, el criterio de relación de varianza, el criterio de silueta y el error cuadrático medio, para cuantificar la calidad del agrupamiento. Los grupos se interpretan como weather types, configuraciones recurrentes del vector de estado atmosférico asociadas con estados observables del tiempo atmosférico. El número correcto de grupos para cada conjunto de datos se determina con una prueba de normalidad de Monte Carlo para asegurar la existencia de grupos reales. El objetivo principal es obtener un conjunto de weather types que contengan elementos que caractericen la transición de y hacia la temporada de lluvias en la vertiente del Pacífico de América Central, así como otros elementos del ciclo estacional de precipitación regional, como las canículas. Además de las métricas estadísticas, para seleccionar entre conjuntos de datos y un número plausible de grupos, se presta atención a las características temporales de los grupos. La literatura existente no proporciona un conjunto de weather types adecuado para analizar transiciones estacionales y las diferencias en los mecanismos asociados con los máximos estacionales de lluvia.

Abstract Introduction: Pigmented fungiform papillae of the tongue is a benign condition frequent in dark skin patients. It usually appears in the second or third decade of life, and it has been reported as autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. The diagnosis is clinical, but dermoscopy could be helpful: a classical rose petal pattern is observed. The pathogenesis is unknown, and no treatments are effective. Case report: We report a case of a 15-year-old girl with a pigmented fungiform papillae and a compatible dermatoscopy pattern. Conclusions: Knowing the existence of this entity and its characteristic dermoscopy, avoids additional invasive medical test. We have to know this entity because it is a variant of normality.

Resumen Introducción: La pigmentación de las papilas fungiformes linguales es una condición benigna y relativamente frecuente en pacientes con piel oscura. Suele aparecer en la segunda o tercera décadas de la vida y se han descrito casos de herencia autosómica dominante. El diagnóstico es clínico, pero la dermatoscopia es de gran ayuda: presenta un patrón clásico en pétalos de rosa. La patogénesis se desconoce y no hay tratamientos efectivos. Caso clínico: Reportamos el caso de una niña de 15 años con pigmentación de las papilas fungiformes y con patrón dermatoscópico compatible. Conclusiones: Conocer la existencia de esta afección y su característica dermatoscopia evita realizar pruebas invasivas adicionales, ya que se trata una variante de la normalidad.

ABSTRACT Interlaboratory comparison provides experimental evidence on the lab continuous performance to realize specific tests. In this work, uncertainty of measurements and the interlaboratory error for the chemical analysis of cobalt and iron was determined in paired samples of nickel sulfide (NiS) and sintered nickel oxide (NiO), using the least-squares linear regression. The analytical determinations were made by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) with the participation of two laboratories of the corporative group for the production of nickel in Cuba. The assumptions of the linear regression model were verified using the Durbin-Watson statistic, homoscedasticity and normality test. The uncertainty in the slope (Sm), in the intercept (Sb) and the standard deviation of the measurement (Sy) were determined. As a result, the uncertainty (Sx0) associated with the expected value (x0) and error (ξ) in cobalt determination was Sx0 = 0,3 % and ξ = ( 0,60 % in Nickel Sulfide (NiS), and Sx0 = 0,03 % and ξ = ( 0,05 % in Nickel Oxide (NiO). As for iron determination, it was obtained Sx0 = 0,16 % and ξ = ( 0,32 % in NiS, and Sx0 = 0,05 % and ξ = ( 0,09 % in NiO. This method uses the historic database of interlaboratory comparison and provides information to strategic management decisions.

RESUMEN La comparación interlaboratorio provee evidencia experimental del desempeño continuo del laboratorio para realizar pruebas específicas. En este trabajo, se determinó la incertidumbre de las mediciones y el error para los análisis químicos de cobalto y hierro en muestras pareadas de sulfuro de níquel (NiS) y óxido de níquel sinterizado (NiO), mediante mínimo-cuadrados de regresión lineal. Las determinaciones analíticas se realizaron por Espectrometría de Absorción Atómica con la participación de dos laboratorios del grupo empresarial para la producción de níquel en Cuba. Los supuestos del modelo de regresión lineal se comprobaron mediante el estadístico de Durbin-Watson, pruebas de homocedasticidad y normalidad. Se determinó la incertidumbre de la pendiente (Sm), la incertidumbre del intercepto (Sb) y la desviación estándar de la medición (Sy). Como resultado, la incertidumbre (Sx0) asociada con el valor esperado (x0) y el error (ξ) en la determinación de cobalto fue Sx0 = 0,3 % y ξ = ( 0,60 % en el Sulfuro de Níquel (NiS), y Sx0 = 0,03 % y ξ = ( 0,05 % en el Óxido de Níquel (NiO). En cuanto a la determinación de hierro, se obtuvo Sx0 = 0,16 % y ξ = ( 0,32 % en el NiS, y Sx0 = 0,05 % y ξ = ( 0,09 % en el NiO. Este método utiliza la base de datos histórica de comparación interlaboratorio y aporta información para las decisiones de gestión estratégica.

Abstract Background: Verbesina molinaria B.L. Rob. & Greenm. and V. oncophora B.L. Rob. & Seaton constitute species with conflicting circumscription; different authors consider them as two different or just one species (V. oncophora). Questions: ¿Are they one or two species of Verbesina? ¿A linear discriminant analysis (LDA) will differentiate them as two species? Species studied/Mathematic model: Verbesina molinaria and V. oncophora / Royston, Shapiro-Wilk, Levene, correlation (Pearson), Variance inflation factor (VIF), and LDA. Study site and years: Mexico; 2022-2023. Methods: Types, protologues, as well as herbarium specimens at ENCB, HUMO, MEXU, and UAMIZ of the two species were analyzed, assigning a preliminary name to each one. A data matrix with the characters and character states was created to carry out the statistical analyses. Box plots were generated to evaluate differences among characters and the statistical tests were done using the software Rstudio. Results: Types and protologs analyses revealed morphological differences between both species. Royston and Shapiro-Wilk tests supported normality among characters evaluated, and the Levene test suggests there are no significant differences among them. Finally, Pearson correlation and the VIF values suggested the absence of correlation or collinearity. The LDA analysis showed 100 % accuracy in the assigning of specimens to the a priori species allocated. Conclusions: The two species represent distinct taxa based on the morphological differences and statistical support, one of them widespread in central Mexico (V. oncophora) and the other (V. molinaria) restricted as far as now to the states of Mexico, Morelos, and Michoacán.

Resumen Antecedentes: Verbesina molinaria B.L. Rob. & Greenm. y V. oncophora B.L. Rob. & Seaton son especies con circunscripción conflictiva; algunos autores las consideran como especies distintas mientras que otros como una sola (V. oncophora). Preguntas: ¿Son dos especies de Verbesina? ¿Un análisis linear discriminante (LDA) ayudará a diferenciarlas? Especies de estudio/Modelo matemático: Verbesina molinaria y V. oncophora / Pruebas de Royston, Shapiro-Wilk, Levene, correlación (Pearson), factor de inflación de la varianza (VIF) y LDA. Sitio y años de estudio: México; 2022-2023. Métodos: Se revisaron tipos, protólogos, así como ejemplares de ambas especies depositados en ENCB, HUMO, MEXU y UAMIZ, asignándoles un nombre preliminar y elaborando una matriz de datos. Se generaron diagramas de cajas para evaluar diferencias entre los caracteres analizados; las pruebas estadísticas se realizaron utilizando el software Rstudio. Resultados: Los tipos y protólogos permitieron identificar diferencias morfológicas entre ellas. Las pruebas de Royston y Shapiro-Wilk respaldaron la normalidad entre los caracteres evaluados. La prueba de Levene sugiere que no hay diferencias significativas entre los caracteres; finalmente, la correlación de Pearson y el VIF indican ausencia de correlación o colinealidad. El análisis LDA mostró una precisión del 100 % en la asignación de los ejemplares con las asignaciones a priori. Conclusiones: Las diferencias morfológicas y las pruebas estadísticas, apoyan el reconocimiento de dos entidades distintas, V. oncophora con amplia distribución en el centro de México y V. molinaria con distribución más restringida, mejor conocida hasta la fecha en los estados de México, Michoacán y Morelos.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the level of COVID-19 risk perception (PCR-CV19) by returning to in-person classes and to analyze this perception with sociodemographic and health variables associated with such disease. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional and prospective study. The questionnaire was adapted to assess the PCR-CV19 among 532 university students. Moreover, an association analysis of the four dimensions of the PCR-CV19 (cognitive vulnerability, emotional vulnerability, risky-protective behaviors and severity) and the perception index was performed with sociodemographic and health variables. The following statistical methods were used: one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Shapiro-Wilk test for normality, Levene’s test for homogeneity of variances and Tukey’s honest significant difference or Games-Howell post hoc tests. These analyses were performed using the Jamovi statistical software, version 1.2.2. Results: A moderate level of PCR-CV19 was found, where the most relevant dimensions were risky-protective behaviors and severity. In addition, there was an association between the dimensions PCR-CV19 and perception index with the variables age, gender, alcohol consumption, physical and mental health indicators (anxiety and depression), and experiences with COVID-19. Cognitive vulnerability and emotional vulnerability were the most sensitive dimensions in the evaluation of the PCR-CV19. Conclusions: We continue to face constant risk conditions, thus making it necessary to maintain a surveillance scheme of the PCR-CV19 experienced by the population. In university students, cognitive vulnerability and emotional vulnerability were the most sensitive dimensions in the evaluation of PCR-CV19 and experiences with COVID-19 (illness or death). The fact that university students do not feel vulnerable and/or do not perceive the severity associated with COVID-19 transmission may affect their self-care behaviors. These results have key implications for public health; therefore, an intersectoral approach is required to have relevant information in order to face future pandemics.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar el nivel de percepción de riesgo de contagio de la COVID-19 frente al retorno a las clases presenciales y analizar esta percepción con variables sociodemográficas y de salud asociadas a esta enfermedad. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal y prospectivo. Se adaptó el cuestionario para evaluar la percepción de riesgo de contagio de la COVID-19 (PCR-CV19) en 532 universitarios. Además, se realizó un análisis de asociación de las cuatro dimensiones del PCR-CV19 (vulnerabilidad cognitiva, vulnerabilidad emocional, conductas de riesgo-protección y gravedad) y el índice de percepción con variables sociodemográficas y de salud. Se utilizaron técnicas estadísticas: análisis de varianza (ANOVA) de una vía (OneWay ANOVA), previa verificación de la prueba de normalidad Shapiro-Wilk y la prueba de Levene para la homogeneidad y la prueba post-hoc de Tukey o Ganes-Howell. Estos análisis se realizaron en el programa estadístico JAMOVI, versión 1.2.2. Resultados: Se evidenció un nivel moderado de percepción de riesgo de contagio, en donde las dimensiones de las conductas de riesgo-protección y gravedad se identificaron como las más relevantes; asimismo, se encontró asociación entre las dimensiones del PCR-CV19 y el índice de percepción con las variables edad, género, consumo de alcohol e indicadores de salud física y mental (ansiedad y depresión) y las experiencias vividas con la enfermedad de la COVID-19. Los aspectos de vulnerabilidad cognitiva y emocional fueron las dimensiones más sensibles en la evaluación de la percepción. Conclusiones: Seguimos enfrentando condiciones de riesgo que surgen de manera constante, lo que hace necesario mantener un esquema de vigilancia de la percepción de riesgo que experimenta la población. En los universitarios, los aspectos de vulnerabilidad cognitiva y emocional fueron las dimensiones más sensibles en la evaluación de la percepción del riesgo y las experiencias vividas con la COVID-19 (enfermedad o muerte). El hecho de que los universitarios no se sientan vulnerables y/o no perciban la gravedad asociada al contagio puede afectar sus conductas de autocuidado. Estos resultados tienen implicaciones claves para la salud pública, por lo que se requiere un abordaje intersectorial, con el objetivo de contar con información relevante para enfrentar futuras pandemias.

ABSTRACT Objective: Determine the relationship between the budget execution of financial transfers from the SIS (Seguro Integral de Salud) and the availability of medical supplies in third-level establishments of the Ministry of Health of Metropolitan Lima. Material and method: Analytical and cross-sectional study, carried out in the 20 level III establishments of the MINSA in Lima; Likewise, documentary information was used such as Closing Minutes of Financial Supervision of the Macroregional Management of the SIS from which information on budget execution was obtained and the availability of medical supplies was obtained from the Mundo IPRESS web portal (Institutions Providing Health Services). After evaluating normality with the Shapiro-Wilk test, the Spearman correlation test was used. Result: Overall budget execution was not related to the availability of medical supplies (rho=-0.014; p=0.955). The evaluation by components showed that budget execution on medicines was positively related to the availability of supplies (rho=0.417; p=0.045), which was also valid in the segmented analysis only for hospitals (rho: 0.594; p=0.032). Although budget execution in segmented materials and supplies for hospitals was related to the availability of supplies, this relationship was inverse (rho=-0.552; p=0.043). Conclusions: The general budget execution of financial transfers from the SIS was not related to the availability of medical supplies, but the spending component on medicines was.

ABSTRACT Objective: Determine the relationship between the budget execution of financial transfers from the SIS (Seguro Integral de Salud) and the availability of medical supplies in third-level establishments of the Ministry of Health of Metropolitan Lima. Material and method: Analytical and cross-sectional study, carried out in the 20 level III establishments of the MINSA in Lima; Likewise, documentary information was used such as Closing Minutes of Financial Supervision of the Macroregional Management of the SIS from which information on budget execution was obtained and the availability of medical supplies was obtained from the Mundo IPRESS web portal (Institutions Providing Health Services). After evaluating normality with the Shapiro-Wilk test, the Spearman correlation test was used. Result: Overall budget execution was not related to the availability of medical supplies (rho=-0.014; p=0.955). The evaluation by components showed that budget execution on medicines was positively related to the availability of supplies (rho=0.417; p=0.045), which was also valid in the segmented analysis only for hospitals (rho: 0.594; p=0.032). Although budget execution in segmented materials and supplies for hospitals was related to the availability of supplies, this relationship was inverse (rho=-0.552; p=0.043). Conclusions: The general budget execution of financial transfers from the SIS was not related to the availability of medical supplies, but the spending component on medicines was.

RESUMEN Introducción: El Wrestling es una modalidad de combate milenaria, individual y de rendimiento complejo, que integra elevada complejidad técnico-táctica, asociada a una interacción bioenergética y un alto patrón coordinativo. En Brasil, el número de competidores en diferentes niveles aumentó significativamente en los últimos años, evidenciando la necesidad en la búsqueda de respuestas que auxilien a los entrenadores en las diferentes situaciones del calendario competitivo. La prescripción de los medios y métodos de entrenamiento en la lucha greco-romana tiene como objetivo el desarrollo de la efectividad técnica. Entre tanto, no hay evidencias de indicadores de efectividad técnica, en atletas de alto rendimiento brasileño en la lucha greco-romana, en competencias nacionales e internacionales. Objetivos: El objetivo de este estudio fue verificar y comparar la efectividad técnica de los atletas de lucha greco-romana de la selección brasileña, en dos competencias: una a nivel nacional y otra internacional. Métodos: Participaron de la investigación siete atletas de la selección brasileña de lucha greco-romana (edad: 25±5 años; estatura: 175±12 cm; masa corporal: 80± 21kg). Fueron realizados análisis de la técnica efectiva, no efectiva y total. Después de identificar la normalidad de los datos (SHAPIRO WILKS), fue utilizado el test de t de Student para la comparación de las variables, según el momento evaluado, considerando el nivel de significación de 5%. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron una disminución significativa (p = 0,03) en la técnica efectiva en pie y en la técnica efectiva total (p = 0,01), comparándose la competencia nacional con la internacional. Conclusión: Se concluyó que la eficacia técnica de los luchadores brasileños está por debajo de los índices presentados en estudios con competidores de países considerados de alto rendimiento mundial. En la competición internacional, presenta un impacto negativo en comparación con los eventos nacionales. Nivel de Evidencia IV; Estudios Terapéuticos - Investigación de Los Resultados Del Tratamiento. Introducción milenaria complejo técnicotáctica, técnicotáctica técnico táctica, táctica técnico-táctica coordinativo Brasil años competitivo grecoromana greco romana tanto grecoromana, romana, internacionales Objetivos internacional Métodos edad (edad 255 25 5 25± estatura 17512 175 12 175±1 cm corporal 80 21kg. 21kg kg . 21kg) SHAPIRO WILKS, WILKS , WILKS) variables evaluado 5% p 0,03 003 0 03 0,01, 001 0,01 01 0,01) Conclusión mundial IV Tratamiento 2 1751 17 1 175± 8 0,0 00 0,

ABSTRACT Introduction: Wrestling is an ancient combat sport, individual and of complex performance, which integrates high technical and tactical complexity, associated with a bioenergetic interaction and a high coordinative pattern. In Brazil, the number of competitors at different levels has increased significantly in the last years, evidencing the need to search for answers that can help coaches in the different situations of the competitive calendar. The prescription of the means and methods of training in Greco-Roman wrestling aims at the development of the technical effectiveness. However, there is no evidence of indicators of technical effectiveness, in Brazilian elite athletes of Greco-Roman wrestling, in national and international competitions. Objectives: The objective of the study was to verify and to compare the technical effectiveness of the wrestlers of Greco-Roman fight of the Brazilian selection, in two competitions: one in the national level and the other international. Methods: Seven athletes of the Brazilian wrestling team participated of the investigation (age: 25±5 years; stature: 175±12 cm; corporal mass: 80± 21kg). Analysis of the effective, not effective and total technique were accomplished. After identifying the normality of the data (SHAPIRO WILKS), the Student's t test was used to compare the variables, according to the moment evaluated, considering the significance level of 5%. Results: The results showed a significant decrease (p = 0.03) in the standing effective technique and in the total effective technique (p = 0.01), comparing the national competition with the international competition. Conclusion: Technical effectiveness of Brazilian wrestlers was found to be below the indices presented in studies with competitors from countries considered to have high world performance. In international competition, it presents a negative impact compared to national events. Level of Evidence IV; Therapeutic Studies - Investigation of Treatment Results. Introduction sport performance complexity pattern Brazil years calendar GrecoRoman Greco Roman However competitions Objectives selection Methods age (age 255 25 5 25± stature 17512 175 12 175±1 cm mass 80 21kg. 21kg kg . 21kg) accomplished SHAPIRO WILKS, WILKS , WILKS) Students Student s variables evaluated 5% Results p 0.03 003 0 03 0.01, 001 0.01 01 0.01) Conclusion events IV 2 1751 17 1 175± 8 0.0 00 0.

RESUMO Introdução: O Wrestling é uma modalidade de combate milenar, individual e de rendimento complexo, que integra elevada complexidade técnico-táctica, associada a uma interação bioenergética e um alto padrão coordenativo. No Brasil, o número de competidores em diferentes níveis aumentou significativamente nos últimos anos, evidenciando a necessidade da busca de respostas que auxiliem os treinadores nas diferentes situações do calendário competitivo. A prescrição dos meios e métodos de treinamento na luta greco-romana visa o desenvolvimento da efetividade técnica. Entretanto, não há evidências de indicadores de efetividade técnica, em atletas de elite brasileira de luta greco-romana, em competições nacionais e internacionais. Objetivo: o objetivo do estudo foi verificar e comparar a efetividade técnica dos lutadores de luta greco-romana da seleção brasileira, em duas competições: uma no nível nacional e a outra internacional. Métodos: Participaram da investigação sete atletas da seleção brasileira de luta greco-romana (idade: 25±5 anos; estatura: 175±12 cm; massa corporal: 80± 21kg). Foram realizadas análises da técnica efetiva, não efetiva e total. Após identificar a normalidade dos dados (SHAPIRO WILKS), foi utilizado o teste t de Student para a comparação das variáveis, segundo o momento avaliado, considerando nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Os resultados mostraram uma diminuição significativa (p = 0,03) na técnica efetiva em pé e na técnica efetiva total (p = 0,01), comparando-se a competição nacional com a internacional. Conclusão: Concluiu-se que a efetividade técnica dos lutadores brasileiros está abaixo dos índices apresentados em estudos com competidores de países considerados de alto desempenho mundial. Em competição internacional, apresenta um impacto negativo comparativamente a eventos nacionais. Nível de Evidência IV; Estudos Terapêuticos - Investigação dos Resultados do Tratamento. Introdução milenar complexo técnicotáctica, técnicotáctica técnico táctica, táctica técnico-táctica coordenativo Brasil anos competitivo grecoromana greco romana Entretanto grecoromana, romana, internacionais Objetivo internacional Métodos idade (idade 255 25 5 25± estatura 17512 175 12 175±1 cm corporal 80 21kg. 21kg kg . 21kg) SHAPIRO WILKS, WILKS , WILKS) variáveis avaliado 5% p 0,03 003 0 03 0,01, 001 0,01 01 0,01) comparandose comparando se Conclusão Concluiuse Concluiu mundial IV Tratamento 2 1751 17 1 175± 8 0,0 00 0,

ABSTRACT The use of carp pituitary extract (CPE) in fish reproduction may have drawbacks, whereas analogues of mammalian (aGnRHm) or salmon (aGnRHs) gonadotropins containing dopamine inhibitor (DI) may offer greater advantages. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different hormone inducers on the reproduction of Prochilodus brevis males. A total of 44 specimens of P. brevis were divided into six groups, namely, CPE 4.0 mg; saline solution 1.0 mL; aGnRHm + DI 0.3 mg and 0.5 mg; and aGnRHs + DI 0.25 mL and 0.35 mL kg-1 of live weight. The number of ejaculates, seminal volume, curvilinear velocity (VCL), straight-line velocity (VSL), average path velocity (VAP), sperm morphology and concentration, and membrane and DNA integrity were determined. Sample normality was examined using the Shapiro-Wilk test, and homogeneity using the Levene test. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted, followed by Tukey's test to compare means, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Notably, all fish induced with CPE 4.0 and aGnRHm + DI demonstrated ejaculation, yielding a greater seminal volume. Sperm concentration under aGnRHs + DI 0.35 exceeded that with aGnRHm + DI 0.3 and CPE 4.0. Regarding velocity, aGnRHm + DI 0.3 outperformed aGnRHs + DI 0.35 in VCL, while aGnRHm + DI 0.3 and 0.5 and aGnRHs + DI 0.25 led to higher VSL than aGnRHs 0.35. Additionally, VAP was elevated under aGnRHm + DI 0.3 and CPE, in contrast to aGnRHs + DI 0.35. Improved sperm morphology was observed with aGnRHm + DI 0.5 and aGnRHs + DI 0.25 compared to aGnRHm + DI 0.3. The remaining parameters did not differ significantly. (CPE drawbacks (aGnRHm (aGnRHs (DI advantages males 4 P groups namely 40 0 4. 10 1 1. 03 3 0. 05 5 025 25 0.2 035 35 kg1 kg kg- weight ejaculates volume VCL , (VCL) straightline straight line VSL, (VSL) VAP, (VAP) determined ShapiroWilk Shapiro Wilk ANOVA (ANOVA conducted Tukeys Tukey s means 005 0.05 Notably ejaculation Additionally significantly 02 2 (VCL (VSL (VAP 00 0.0

Abstract This study was designed to investigate the impact of access cavity designs on fracture resistance of endodontically treated maxillary first premolars. The study sample consisted of 72 intact maxillary first premolars, randomly divided into six groups (n = 12). A standardized proximal cavity preparation was prepared for all samples using standard bur. Groups I: control group with only standard proximal cavity and no endodontic access, group II: Truss access cavity, group III: Separated access to buccal and palatal canals without removal of dentine in between, group IV: Access to buccal and palatal canals with removal of dentine in between, group V: Traditional access cavity, group VI: Mesio-occlusal-distal cavity (MOD). For groups I and VI, only composite restoration was used to restore the proximal cavity, while for groups II- V, the access was prepared and endodontic treatment was performed on all teeth, then composite restoration was placed. The root canals were instrumented using nickel-titanium files, irrigated with sodium hypochlorite, and filled with AH plus sealer and gutta-percha using warm vertical condensation. All samples were then placed in an acrylic mold and underwent thermal aging for 10,000 cycles between 5 and 55°C. The samples were fixed in a universal testing machine with the long axis of the roots positioned at 20° to a load applied at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min using a stainless steel semi-spherical indenter (Ø = 3 mm) until fracture occurred to determine the fracture resistance force in Newton. The normality test (Shapiro-Wilk) showed that data are normally distributed. Group II exhibited the highest mean fracture resistance, and group VI was the least likely to resist the fracture. No statistically significant differences between tested groups (p-value = 0.237). The MOD group showed a more unfavorable mode of fracture compared to other groups. No significant difference in fracture resistance between conservative and traditional access cavities. The missing marginal ridges, such as in MOD cavities played an important role in decreasing the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth. premolars 7 n 12. 12 . 12) bur III IV V Mesioocclusaldistal Mesio occlusal distal MOD. (MOD) teeth nickeltitanium nickel titanium files hypochlorite guttapercha gutta percha condensation 10000 10 000 10,00 55C C 55 55°C 20 mmmin mm min semispherical semi spherical Ø Newton ShapiroWilk Shapiro Wilk (Shapiro-Wilk distributed pvalue p value 0.237. 0237 0.237 0 237 0.237) ridges (MOD 1000 00 10,0 2 023 0.23 23 100 10, 02 0.2 0.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o impacto do design da cavidade de acesso na resistência à fratura de primeiros pré-molares superiores tratados endodonticamente. MÉTODOS: A amostra do estudo consistiu em 72 primeiros pré-molares superiores intactos, divididos aleatoriamente em seis grupos (n = 12). Um preparo padronizado da cavidade proximal foi realizado para todas as amostras usando broca padrão. Grupos I: grupo de controle com apenas cavidade proximal padrão e sem acesso endodôntico, grupo II: cavidade de acesso Truss, grupo III: acesso separado aos canais vestibular e palatino sem remoção de dentina entre eles, grupo IV: acesso aos canais vestibular e palatino com remoção de dentina entre eles, grupo V: cavidade de acesso tradicional, grupo VI: cavidade mesio-oclusal-distal (MOD). Para os grupos I e VI, apenas a restauração de compósito foi usada para restaurar a cavidade proximal. Já nos grupos II e V, o acesso foi preparado e o tratamento endodôntico foi realizado em todos os dentes e, em seguida, foi colocada a restauração de resina composta. Os canais radiculares foram instrumentados com limas de níquel-titânio, irrigados com hipoclorito de sódio e preenchidos com AH plus sealer e guta-percha usando condensação vertical quente. Todas as amostras foram então colocadas em molde de acrílico e submetidas a envelhecimento térmico por 10.000 ciclos entre 5 e 55°C. As amostras foram fixadas em uma máquina de teste universal com o eixo longo das raízes posicionado a 20° para uma carga aplicada a uma velocidade de cruzeta de 1 mm/min usando indentador semiesférico de aço inoxidável (Ø = 3 mm) até que ocorresse a fratura para determinar a força de resistência à fratura em Newton. RESULTADOS: O teste de normalidade (Shapiro-Wilk) mostrou que os dados são normalmente distribuídos. O grupo II apresentou a maior resistência média à fratura, e o grupo VI foi o menos propenso a resistir à fratura. Não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos testados (p-valor = 0,237). O grupo MOD apresentou um modo de fratura mais desfavorável em comparação com os outros grupos. CONCLUSÕES: Não houve diferença significativa na resistência à fratura entre as cavidades de acesso conservador e tradicional. A ausência de cristas marginais, como nas cavidades MOD, desempenhou um papel importante na diminuição da resistência à fratura dos dentes tratados endodonticamente. prémolares pré molares endodonticamente MÉTODOS 7 intactos n 12. 12 . 12) Truss III eles IV V tradicional mesiooclusaldistal mesio oclusal distal MOD. (MOD) seguida composta níqueltitânio, níqueltitânio níquel titânio, titânio níquel-titânio gutapercha guta percha quente 10000 10 000 10.00 55C C 55 55°C 20 mmmin mm min Ø Newton RESULTADOS ShapiroWilk Shapiro Wilk (Shapiro-Wilk distribuídos pvalor p valor 0,237. 0237 0,237 0 237 0,237) CONCLUSÕES marginais (MOD 1000 00 10.0 2 023 0,23 23 100 10. 02 0,2 0,

Abstract This analytical cross-sectional study aimed to analyze the access of patients with special needs (PSN) in Brazilian municipalities to hospital dental care of the Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS), based on data from the Hospital Information System of the Unified Health System (Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do SUS- SIH/SUS - SIH), from 2010 to 2018. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test was performed; the Poisson regression was used to verify factors associated with the variable total number of hospitalization authorizations with the main procedure of dental treatment for PSN (“Total de Autorizações de Internação Hospitalar” – AIH), the Spearman correlation test with a significance level of 5% was used to characterize the relationships between the Municipal Human Development Index per municipality - (Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal - HDI) and the Oral Health Coverage in the Family Health Strategy by municipality (Cobertura de saúde bucal na estratégia saúde da família por município - SBSF Coverage), and the relationship of the AIH with SBSF Coverage. A total of 127,691 procedures were performed, of which 71,517 (56%) were clinical procedures, such as restorations, endodontic treatments, supra and subgingival scaling, among others. Municipalities in the Midwest (PR=5.117) and Southeast (RP = 4.443) regions had more precedures than the others. A weak correlation was found between AIH and SBSF Coverage (r = -0.2, p < 0.001) and HDI and SBSF Coverage (r = -0.074, p < 0.001). Population size, region, health coverage, oral hygiene, and number of dentists in hospitals affected the availability of dental procedures in PSN. crosssectional cross sectional (PSN Sistema SUS, SUS , SUS) SIHSUS SIH SIH, SIH) 201 2018 KolmogorovSmirnov Kolmogorov Smirnov performed Total Hospitalar AIH, AIH) 5 Índice Cobertura Coverage, Coverage) 127691 127 691 127,69 71517 71 517 71,51 56% 56 (56% restorations treatments scaling others PR=5.117 PR5117 PR 117 (PR=5.117 RP 4.443 4443 4 443 r 0.2, 02 0 2 -0.2 0.001 0001 001 0.074, 0074 074 -0.074 0.001. . size region coverage hygiene 20 12769 12 69 127,6 7151 7 51 71,5 (56 PR=5.11 PR511 11 (PR=5.11 4.44 444 44 0.2 -0. 0.00 000 00 0.074 007 07 -0.07 1276 1 6 127, 715 71, (5 PR=5.1 PR51 (PR=5.1 4.4 0. -0 0.0 0.07 -0.0 ( PR=5. PR5 (PR=5. 4. PR=5 (PR=5 PR= (PR= (PR

Abstract Objective To evaluate the impacts of a nutritional education intervention for patients with multiple chronic conditions during smoking cessation. Methods The non-probabilistic sample comprised 18 adults and seniors of both sexes recruited from a smoking cessation treatment group. At the beginning of treatment, smoking history, degree of dependence, and stage of motivation were assessed. Degree of craving was evaluated weekly for the 1st month. Anthropometric and biochemical assessments were conducted at baseline, at 1 month, and at 3 months. Dietary intake was assessed with the “How is your diet?” questionnaire. The nutritional intervention was delivered in three sessions. The themes covered were energy balance and physical activity, healthy eating, and the importance of fruit and vegetables in the diet. Statistical analysis was conducted with the Shapiro Wilk test of normality, the paired t test, and the Wilcoxon or Mann-Whitney U tests (significance ≤ 0.05). Results Most people (55.6%) in the intervention group had a high degree of smoking dependence, while the frequency in the control group was 22.2%. Degree of craving decreased significantly after 1 month of treatment (p = 0.017). After 3 months, both groups had a positive variation in mean body weight, although below 3%. In both groups, the average percentage of weight gain was less than 3%, suggesting that delivery of the nutritional education sessions and the nutritionist’s use of the protocol proposed by the Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA) helped to control weight gain. Blood glucose and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) both increased significantly in the intervention group (p = 0.15 and p = 0.50, respectively). Conclusion Greater proximity and more frequent intervention by a nutritionist assists and encourages healthy eating practices during the smoking cessation process, which can benefit individuals’ control of chronic diseases over the long term. nonprobabilistic non probabilistic history dependence st baseline months How diet diet? questionnaire activity normality MannWhitney Mann Whitney significance 0.05. 005 0.05 . 0 05 0.05) 55.6% 556 55 6 (55.6% 222 22 2 22.2% 0.017. 0017 0.017 017 0.017) 3% nutritionists s INCA (INCA assessmentinsulin assessment insulin HOMAIR HOMA IR (HOMA-IR 015 15 0.1 050 50 0.50 respectively. respectively respectively) process individuals term 00 0.0 55.6 5 (55.6 22.2 001 0.01 01 0. 0.5 55. (55. 22. (55 (5 (

ABSTRACT Hematological and biochemical analyses are paramount in assessing the health of different populations and their habitats, and knowledge on the specific values of each species is necessary, due to influence of several factors. In this context, this study aimed to determine the hematological and biochemical parameters of collared peccaries raised in captivity in the semi-arid Brazilian northeast associated to morphometric blood cell analyses. A total of 30 adult animals were investigated, divided into two groups (15 females and 15 males), averaging 20 kg and between 2 and 2.5 years old. Blood and serum samples were collected in the morning for hematological, serum biochemistry and cellular morphometry analyses. Data normality was determined by the Shapiro-Wilk test, and homoscedasticity, by Levene’s test. Concerning statistical differences between sexes, parametric data were analyzed by the t test for independent measurements and non-parametric data, by the Mann-Whitney test. Sex did not influence most of the studied variables, except for calcium, total proteins and urea and relative eosinophil counts. The environment and containment manner can influence collared peccary hematological and biochemical parameters, and blood cell morphometry and morphology data are similar to those of domestic cattle and carnivores. habitats necessary factors context semiarid semi arid 3 investigated (1 1 males, males , males) 25 5 2. old ShapiroWilk Shapiro Wilk homoscedasticity Levenes Levene s sexes nonparametric non MannWhitney Mann Whitney variables calcium counts carnivores (

RESUMO Análises hematológicas e bioquímicas possuem grande importância na avaliação da saúde das populações e de seus habitats e, por estarem sujeitas a influências de diversos fatores, tornam-se necessários conhecer os valores próprios de cada espécie. Neste estudo objetivou-se determinar os parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos, assim como a análise morfométrica das células sanguíneas de catetos criados em cativeiro no semiárido do nordeste brasileiro. Utilizou-se 30 animais adultos divididos em 2 grupos (15 fêmeas e 15 machos), com peso médio de 20kg e idade entre 2 e 2.5 anos. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue e soro, no período da manhã, para realizar as análises hematológicas, bioquímica sérica e morfometria celular. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente quanto à normalidade, pelo teste de Shapiro-Wilk, e homocedasticidade, por Levene. Quando a diferença estatística entre sexos os dados foram paramétricos, utilizando o teste t para medidas independentes e Mann-Whitney quando não paramétricos. Os resultados mostraram que o sexo não possui influência na maioria das variáveis estudadas, excetuando as análises bioquímicas cálcio, proteínas totais e ureia e a contagem relativa dos eosinófilos. Notou-se que o ambiente e o modo de contenção podem influenciar os parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos e que a morfometria e a morfologia das células sanguinas do cateto tem semelhança com as de bovinos e carnívoros domésticos. fatores tornamse tornam se espécie objetivouse objetivou brasileiro Utilizouse Utilizou 3 (1 1 machos, machos , machos) kg 25 5 2. anos soro manhã celular normalidade ShapiroWilk, ShapiroWilk Shapiro Wilk, Wilk Shapiro-Wilk homocedasticidade Levene paramétricos MannWhitney Mann Whitney estudadas cálcio eosinófilos Notouse Notou domésticos (