RESUMO Este artigo tem como objetivo refletir algumas relações entre a Educação Estética e a educação permanente no contexto das políticas sociais, a partir dos estudos de Vigotski e Rancière. Foi dividido em três seções: Princípios teórico-conceituais da Educação Estética; Os bons encontros na educação permanente: a Educação Estética; Educação Estética na educação permanente: desafios e perspectivas. Consideramos que pesquisas acerca da educação permanente na perspectiva da Educação Estética contribuem para a qualificação das políticas, contrapondo à lógica neoliberal. sociais Rancière seções teóricoconceituais teórico conceituais perspectivas neoliberal

ABSTRACT This article aims to reflect some relationships between Aesthetic Education and continuing education in the context of social policies, based on the studies of Vygotski and Rancière. It was divided into three sections: Theoretical-conceptual principles of Aesthetic Education; Good encounters in continuing education: eesthetic education; Aesthetic Education in continuing education: challenges and perspectives. We consider that research on continuing education from the perspective of Aesthetic Education contributes to the qualification of policies, opposing neoliberal logic. policies Rancière sections Theoreticalconceptual Theoretical conceptual perspectives logic

Abstract The objective of the work is to analyze the situation of social well-being in the Southeast of Mexico during the period 2000-2020. The functional region considers the states of Campeche, Chiapas, Quintana Roo, Tabasco and Yucatán. The hypothesis is that the trade liberalization implemented by neoliberal governments in the context of asymmetric economic development expanded territorial inequalities and reduced levels of social well-being in this region. To do this, we use the Average Index Value (VIM) methodology with which we build an index at the municipal scale. The results obtained show that a high percentage of the municipalities that make up each of the entities present lags in their social well-being conditions that place them below the national average. The originality lies in analyzing the conditions of social well-being in the region with a multivariate methodology, supported by representative indicators at the territorial level. The main conclusion is that, to reverse this deteriorating situation, an economic policy must be deployed aimed at impleme nting high-impact projects in the region through public and private investments, which allow the improvement of income and employment among the population, in addition of a redistributive social policy aimed at reversing the high levels of poverty and inequality.

Resumen El objetivo del trabajo es analizar la situación del bienestar social en el sureste de México durante el periodo 2000-2020. La región funcional considera los estados de Campeche, Chiapas, Quintana Roo, Tabasco y Yucatán. La hipótesis es que la apertura comercial implementada por los gobiernos neoliberales, en el contexto de un desarrollo económico asimétrico, amplió las desigualdades territoriales y redujo los niveles de bienestar social en esta región. Para ello empleamos la metodología de Valor Índice Medio (VIM) con la que construimos un índice a escala municipal. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que un alto porcentaje de los municipios que conforman a cada una de las entidades, presentan rezagos en sus condiciones de bienestar social que las ubica por debajo del promedio nacional. La originalidad radica en analizar las condiciones de bienestar social en la región con una metodología multivariada, sustentada en indicadores representativos a nivel territorial. La conclusión principal es que, para revertir esta situación de deterioro, se debe desplegar una política económica orientada a implementar proyectos de alto impacto en la región a través de inversiones públicas y privadas, que permitan el mejoramiento del ingreso y empleo entre la población, además de una política social redistributiva encaminada a revertir los altos niveles de pobreza y desigualdad.

Resumo Este artigo baseado em uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, tem por objeto de estudo a análise crítica da reestruturação modernizante do Instituto Nacional de Seguro Social (INSS), autarquia federal que operacionaliza a política previdenciária e cuja modernização, a partir de 2017, impactou o acesso aos direitos previdenciários da população atendida. A análise, numa perspectiva de totalidade, tem como categorias: o conceito de tecnologia na sociedade, a constituição estrutural do Estado brasileiro e sua modernização, o INSS-Digital e o impacto das mudanças tecnológicas para a população atendida. Contextualizado a partir da década de 1990, quando se iniciam as contrarreformas neoliberais, é particularizado no período de 2016 a 2019, no acirramento das contrarreformas e ajustes de austeridades, orientados pelo ultraneoliberalismo. Deduz-se que o INSS-Digital, em substituição ao atendimento presencial, tem restringido o acesso aos direitos previdenciários e assistenciais da população, que com baixo nível de renda e escolaridade não dispõe de recursos para aquisição dos equipamentos tecnológicos e compreensão da linguagem informatizada, constatado pelos altos índices de indeferimentos dos pedidos de benefícios e a judicialização dos processos. Conclui-se que o INSS-Digital, ao concretizar-se no estreitamento ao acesso dos direitos previdenciários e assistenciais, configura-se como estratégia “competente” na redução da política previdenciária, materializada em suas contrarreformas. Espera-se contribuir para reflexão crítica dos direitos sociais brasileiros e instrumentalizar os movimentos sociais e sindicais na luta e resistência em prol de uma previdência pública, igualitária e universal.

Abstract This article, based on bibliographical and documentary research, has as its object of study the critical analysis of the modernizing restructuring of the National Social Security Institute (INSS, for its Spanish acronym), a federal agency that operates social security policy and whose modernization, as of 2017, impacted the access to social security rights of the population it serves. The analysis, from a totality perspective, has the following categories: the concept of technology in society, the structural constitution of the Brazilian State and its modernization, the INSS-Digital, and the impact of technological changes on the population served. The analysis is contextualized from the 1990s, when neoliberal counter-reforms began, and is particularized to the period between 2016 and 2019, during which time there was an intensification of counter-reforms and austerity adjustments, guided by ultra-neoliberalism. It is deduced that the INSS-Digital, replacing face-to-face service, has restricted access to social security rights for the population, which, with a low level of income and education, does not have the resources to acquire technological equipment and understand computerized language, as confirmed by senior rates of rejection of benefit requests and the judicialization of processes. It can be concluded that the INSS-Digital, when implemented in the narrowing of access to social security rights, is configured as a "competent" strategy in the reduction of social security policy, as evidenced by its counter-reforms. It is expected to contribute to critical reflection on Brazilian social security rights and to equip social and trade union movements in the struggle and resistance in favor of a public, egalitarian, and universal pension.

Resumen: Este artículo, basado en una investigación bibliográfica y documental, tiene como objeto de estudio el análisis crítico de la reestructuración modernizadora del Instituto Nacional de Seguridad Social (INSS), agencia federal que opera la política de seguridad social y cuya modernización, a partir de 2017, impactó el acceso a los derechos de seguridad social de la población atendida. El análisis, desde una perspectiva de totalidad, tiene las siguientes categorías: el concepto de tecnología en la sociedad, la constitución estructural del Estado brasileño y su modernización, el INSS-Digital y el impacto de los cambios tecnológicos en la población atendida. Contextualizado a partir de los años 1990, cuando comenzaron las contrarreformas neoliberales, se particulariza en el período desde 2016 hasta 2019, en la intensificación de las contrarreformas y de los ajustes de austeridad, guiados por el ultraneoliberalismo. Se deduce que el INSS-Digital, en sustitución del servicio presencial, ha restringido el acceso a los derechos de seguridad social de la población, que, con un bajo nivel de ingresos y educación, no cuenta con recursos para adquirir equipos tecnológicos y comprender lenguaje informatizado, como lo confirman los altos índices de rechazo de solicitudes de beneficios y de judicialización de procesos. Se concluye que el INSS-Digital, cuando se implementa en la reducción del acceso a los derechos de seguridad social, se configura como una estrategia “competente” en la reducción de la política de seguridad social, materializada en sus contrarreformas. Se espera que contribuya a la reflexión crítica sobre los derechos de seguridad social brasileños y prepare a los movimientos sociales y sindicales en la lucha y la resistencia a favor de una pensión pública, igualitaria y universal.

Abstract The article analyzes the socio-genesis of the information systems related to social policy in Argentina, going back to previous processes that made their institutionalization technically possible and politically feasible, as part of a broader process of state reform and social assistance. The historicization of the emergence of these systems that have acquired a growing centrality in the architecture of current public policies, allows us to understand the specificity of the national case, shedding light on the disputes of meaning regarding the imperative of modernization of social policy, marked by the neoliberal ideology attributed to them.

Resumen El artículo analiza la socio-génesis de los sistemas de información asociados a la política social en Argentina, retrotrayéndose a procesos previos que hicieron técnicamente posible y políticamente pensable su institucionalización, como parte de un proceso más amplio de reforma del estado y la asistencia social. La historización de la emergencia de estos sistemas, que han adquirido una creciente centralidad en la arquitectura de las políticas públicas actuales, permite comprender la especificidad del caso nacional, alumbrando las disputas de sentido respecto del imperativo de modernización de la política social signado por la ideología neoliberal que les ha sido atribuido.

Abstract Neoliberal reforms arising from Spain’s entrance into the European Higher Education Area (EHEA) have had major consequences for academic practice and unleashed heated debate in the university community and society. This article explores the main transformations and basis of the political-economic model of public universities in Spain. It focuses on two dimensions of the institutional framework that have had a significant impact on teaching and research practice in universities: the strategic focus of research policy and labor regulations and employment conditions. To address both dimensions, the analysis centers on the implications each has for the reproduction of a specific discipline, social anthropology, in the context of the University of Seville. The article describes some of the main factors conditioning and limiting these two dimensions, in particular how business logic and neocolonialism are driving new research policy and how a combination of neoliberal organization of labor, meritocracy and clientelist networks are impact hiring practices and intensifying labor precarization.

Modern capitalism has shaped the world, but for many scholars, its principles have disproportionately favoured the prosperity of a minority while neglecting the prospects of the majority, particularly in Southern Africa. The recent COVID-19 pandemic combined with significant inequalities of wealth has put the social policies of countries in Southern Africa to the test. It exposed the inadequacies of the current capitalist order in many countries in the global south, hindering their ability to protect their populations from the pandemic's impact. In contrast, the global north, with stronger social policies and economic flexibility, managed to cushion the severity of pandemic's economic impact on their populations in many ways, even though they suffered the most deaths. In this article, I establish how COVID-19 and neoliberal capitalism made it difficult to achieve the social developmental objectives in Southern Africa. While scholars have documented the medical and economic harms caused by the pandemic, I highlight ways that it, along with considerable inequalities of wealth, impaired social development more broadly. I conclude by establishing how the COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the shortcomings of neoliberal capitalism in Southern Africa's social policies, emphasising the need for re-evaluating and re-alignment of these policies-to foster more equitable and resilient societies.

Anyone who has attended an academic conference will have witnessed the number of exceptional projects and research produced by and conducted at various institutions, often led by one or two well-known professors. Despite mostly limited budgets, these professors, academic "rockstars", if you will, (Smyth, 2017, p. 99) manage to produce many publications in the form of books, reports, policy briefs, op-eds, and attend conferences while managing full teaching loads and supervising lots of postgraduate students. So how do they manage? Without faculty-appointed support, such as Teaching Assistants, these senior academics often use their postgraduate students to do the substantial groundwork in the name of so-called capacity building to get what is known as the much-needed experience they need to advance their careers. In this paper, I discuss toxic academic practices and their impact on new and emerging researchers. Through a critical analysis, I demonstrate that toxic academic practices persist partly because of neoliberal policy contexts created in and through marketisation and techno-rationalism. Using the theoretical lens of Betrayal Trauma Theory (Freyd, 1994) I suggest that creating healthy academic work environments is crucial to realising higher education policy imperatives in South Africa. In this paper, I contribute to an under-discussed challenge in the South African academy, and I highlight how universities, through their philosophies and policies, often reward poor academic behaviour and perpetuate toxic academic environments and discrimination.

It is broadly understood that postdoctoral research fellows (hereafter postdocs) play a significant role in higher education's research outputs, teaching and learning, and the rating and ranking of an institution. Largely shaped by the neoliberal turn(s) in higher education from the late 1970s and 1980s, postdocs have become an indispensable yet precarious labour force that higher education institutions have come to rely on. In the South African context, research on postdoc fellowships is relatively new, with limited scholarship focusing on the narratives and voices of these marginalised scholars. In this article, I purposively recruited and interviewed 23 former and current postdocs in three research-intensive universities in South Africa as well as a university vice dean of research, and a former senior official of the Department of Higher Education and Training. I also consulted and analysed various South African higher education policy documents and ministerial articulations regarding postdocs in the country. Through the use of in-depth semi-structured interviews, two competing narratives emerged from the data-that is, the deeply rooted and entrenched idea of the postdoc system as a pipeline for novice researchers to transition into established scholars, and the idea of the postdocs as precarious scholars whose academic labour is insecure, unstable, and exploited in the university. I conclude the article with some broad systemic implications on the role and function of postdocs in South African higher education, and the need for more research to understand these marginalised scholars.

Abstract The research exposes the process of reconfiguring the territory and social sphere in San Juan Teotihuacan, Mexico State, marked by the guidelines of neoliberal public policies focusing on tourism development. The study aims to analyze the historical process of tourism development (1992-2020) in the light of Coraggio’s theoretical perspective of strategic planning (2001) in order to demonstrate how local development is permeated by political decision-making regarding tourism. Through an archival analysis and the application of semi-structured interviews, this paper analyzed the government, private, and social actions that gave rise to the current form of development in San Juan Teotihuacán. The results reveal a territory’s competitiveness as a fundamental pillar for capital reproduction and accumulation and unequal development in a community.

Resumen En la investigación se muestra el proceso de reconfiguración del territorio y de la esfera social en San Juan Teotihuacán, Estado de México, marcado por las directrices de las políticas públicas de corte neoliberal enfocadas en el desarrollo de la actividad turística en este territorio. El objetivo del estudio es analizar el proceso histórico del desarrollo de la actividad turística (1992-2020) a la luz de la perspectiva teórica de la planificación estratégica de Coraggio (2001) con la finalidad de evidenciar que el desarrollo local está permeado por las decisiones políticas en materia de turismo. Mediante un análisis de archivo y la aplicación de entrevistas semiestructuradas, se analizaron las acciones gubernamentales, privadas y sociales que dieron lugar al tipo de desarrollo específico que surgió en San Juan Teotihuacán. Los resultados revelan la competitividad del territorio como un eje fundamental para la reproducción y acumulación del capital y el desarrollo desigual en la comunidad.

Attracting the next generation of academics is important for ensuring that the higher education system is sustainable and continues to produce the much-needed graduates who will respond to the growing needs of the knowledge economy. Deeply rooted in the decolonial and transformation struggles in the Global South, academic staffing and recruitment questions are central to representation and diversity in the academy. In this article, I critique what I see as the rising neoliberal logic in South African higher education that frames national thinking and policies on attracting and retaining the next generation of academics in the country. While some policies and legislative frameworks have been proposed in response to this challenge, I particularly focus on the Staffing South Africa's Universities Framework (SSAUF) which has served as an integrated policy framework that guides the country's vision on attracting, retaining and supporting the next generation of scholars. I especially reveal three interconnected and intersectional blind spots that are prevalent in the policy, i.e. (1) the misframed and misrecognised conceptual understanding of early career academics and emerging scholars, (2) the lack of systemic and adequate pathways for postdoctoral research fellows to access higher education as permanent staff members and (3) the ideological (and decolonial) missed opportunities in the policy. TRANSDISCIPLINARY CONTRIBUTION: I provide an interdisciplinary critique of ways in which the higher education policy is socially constructed and enacted in the academe, and the glaring blind spots that have real and material implications for early career scholars in South Africa.

Abstract This study analyzes aspects of mental health in Brazil as an active political field involving a range of social segments and actors from opposing fields in a context of advancing neoliberalism and pandemic. The analysis begins in 2016, when fiscal austerity entered the national agenda, and proceeds through the pandemic until the present day, when both phenomena continue to prevail, even if the intensity of the pandemic is now reduced. In the ambit of mental health, the national policy based on the principles of the psychiatric reform has suffered severe setbacks. Nonetheless, despite state-sponsored efforts to discourage social control and public participation, important sectors of society are engaged in active resistance. 2016 agenda day prevail reduced setbacks Nonetheless statesponsored state sponsored participation resistance 201 20 2

Resumo O trabalho analisa aspectos da saúde mental no Brasil como campo político ativo, que envolve vários atores e segmentos sociais em áreas de disputa opostas, em tempos de pandemia e de avanço do projeto neoliberal. Tem como início de delimitação temporal 2016, quando as políticas de austeridade fiscal entram na agenda nacional, e vai até os dias atuais com o cenário da pandemia, ambas ainda vigentes, embora a pandemia tenha diminuído sua intensidade. No âmbito da saúde mental, a política nacional enfrenta profundos retrocessos quanto aos princípios da reforma psiquiátrica. Entretanto, a despeito da tentativa do Estado de desestimular o controle social e a participação popular, observam-se resistências de importantes setores. ativo opostas neoliberal 2016 vigentes intensidade psiquiátrica Entretanto popular observamse observam se setores 201 20 2

ABSTRACT: The teachers’ working conditions and their experiences in the basic public education network were impacted by the educational reforms implemented in the 1990s, with a strong influence on neoliberal policy. As a result of this influence, there was a precariousness of public education in basic education. The repercussions of this educational scenario, characterized by terrible work achievement conditions and devaluation of the teaching career, have been affecting the teacher's life story and caused illnesses in this working class. In this context, the aim of this study was to understand the processes involved in the illness of public school teachers in the city of Montes Claros-MG, based on experiences and working conditions. This is qualitative research, based on Symbolic Interactionism, carried out through the Grounded Theory, from a social constructionist perspective. Twelve teachers of basic education in state schools were interviewed. The data, in the analysis process, produced encodings that resulted in seven axial categories, which were searched to elucidate the theoretical assumptions of this investigation. The results of this study showed that the illness of basic education teachers involves multifactorial processes and causes. The discussions of this study pointed at the illness of basic education teachers involves multifactorial processes and causes, such as: the precariousness of teaching work; subjective manifestations of teachers' malaise and impasses in overcoming this feeling; facing conflicts with students and family members at school; the mismatches in the teacher's pedagogical practice and the repercussions of work on the teacher's personal life. Thus, as a result, all these processes were related to the physical and/or mental illness of the teachers participating in this research. ABSTRACT 1990s s policy scenario career teacher class context ClarosMG, ClarosMG Claros MG, MG Claros-MG research Interactionism Theory perspective interviewed data process categories investigation causes feeling Thus andor or

RESUMO: As condições de trabalho docente e as vivências dos professores da rede básica de ensino público foram impactadas a partir das reformas educacionais implantadas na década de 1990, com forte influência da política neoliberal. Como resultado dessa influência, houve a precarização da educação pública na educação básica. Repercussões deste cenário educativo, caracterizado por péssimas condições para realização do trabalho e desvalorização da carreira docente têm afetado a história de vida do professor e provocado adoecimentos nesta classe trabalhadora. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi de compreender os processos envolvidos no adoecimento de professores de escolas públicas da cidade de Montes Claros-MG, a partir de vivências e condições de trabalho. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, fundamentada no Interacionismo Simbólico, realizada por meio do método Grounded Theory, na perspectiva construcionista social. Foram entrevistados 12 professores da educação básica em escolas estaduais. Os dados, no processo de análise, produziram codificações que resultaram em sete categorias axiais, as quais buscam elucidar os pressupostos teóricos desta investigação. As discussões deste estudo apontaram que o adoecimento dos professores da educação básica envolve processos e causas multifatoriais, tais como: a precarização do trabalho docente; as manifestações subjetivas do mal-estar docente e os impasses na superação desse sentimento; o enfrentamento de conflitos com os alunos e familiares na escola; os descompassos na prática pedagógica do professor e as repercussões do trabalho na vida pessoal do professor. Assim, como resultados, todos esses processos apresentaram relação com o adoecimento físico e/ou mental dos professores participantes dessa pesquisa. RESUMO 1990 neoliberal educativo trabalhadora contexto ClarosMG, ClarosMG Claros MG, MG Claros-MG Tratase Trata se qualitativa Simbólico Theory social 1 estaduais dados análise axiais investigação multifatoriais malestar mal estar sentimento escola Assim resultados eou ou 199 19

RESUMEN: Las condiciones del trabajo docente y las experiencias de los profesores de la red pública de enseñanza básica fueron impactadas a partir de las reformas educacionales implementadas en la década de 1990, con fuerte influencia de las políticas neoliberales. Como resultado de esta influencia, se produjo la precarización de la enseñanza pública en la educación básica. Las repercusiones de este escenario educativo, caracterizado por las malas condiciones de trabajo y la desvalorización de la carrera docente, han afectado la historia de vida de los maestros y provocado enfermedades en esta clase trabajadora. En este contexto, el objetivo de este estudio fue comprender los procesos involucrados en la enfermedad de los profesores de escuelas públicas de la ciudad de Montes Claros-MG, a partir de experiencias y condiciones de trabajo. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa, basada en el Interaccionismo Simbólico, realizada a través del método de la Teoría Fundamentada, desde una perspectiva construccionista social. Fueron entrevistados 12 profesores de educación básica de escuelas públicas. Los datos, en el proceso de análisis, produjeron codificaciones que resultaron en siete categorías axiales, que buscan dilucidar los supuestos teóricos de esta investigación. Las discusiones de este estudio señalaron que la enfermedad de los profesores de educación básica involucra procesos y causas multifactoriales, tales como: la precarización del trabajo docente; las manifestaciones subjetivas del malestar del profesor y los impases en la superación de este sentimiento; el enfrentamiento de conflictos con alumnos y familiares en la escuela; los desajustes en la práctica pedagógica del profesor y las repercusiones del trabajo en la vida personal del profesor. Así, como resultados, todos estos procesos se relacionaron con la enfermedad física y/o mental de los profesores participantes en esta investigación. RESUMEN 1990 neoliberales educativo trabajadora contexto ClarosMG, ClarosMG Claros MG, MG Claros-MG cualitativa Simbólico Fundamentada social 1 datos análisis axiales multifactoriales sentimiento escuela Así resultados yo o 199 19

Abstract: This article, addressing the rights of children and adolescents, starts from the following question: does early childhood public policies in Brazil contribute to the fight against child labor? The objective is to reflect on early childhood public policy and its impacts on child labor. The dialectical method was used and the main result is that the current early childhood policy weakens the State’s actions and the fight against child labor. Abstract article adolescents question labor States State s

Resumo: O artigo trata sobre os direitos da criança e do adolescente, e parte da questão: a política pública de primeira infância, no Brasil, contribui para o combate ao trabalho infantil? O objetivo é refletir sobre a política pública de primeira infância e o seu impacto no trabalho infantil. Utilizou-se na abordagem do método dialético, e o principal resultado é no sentido de que a atual política de primeira infância fragiliza a atuação do Estado e o combate ao trabalho infantil. Resumo adolescente questão Brasil infantil Utilizouse Utilizou se dialético

Much of the recent published research on the future contribution of the South African university system to the development of a more just society offers an evaluative framework that contains two principal assertions: firstly, South African under-graduate university students must receive state subsidies from taxpayers; and, secondly, austerity, marketisation, credentialisation, commodification, and related neoliberal conceptions of education and society have hindered efforts to achieve a more just society. This article offers a dissenting analysis that is nevertheless located within a social justice framework. It argues that a student loan system of funding the production of university qualifications is consistent with Rawlsian principles of fairness in the distribution of income and wealth. assertions firstly undergraduate under graduate taxpayers secondly austerity marketisation credentialisation commodification wealth

Resumen Se ofrece una discusión sobre cómo se produce una subjetividad neoliberal bajo un idealismo economicista, del mercado y de la libertad individual. Se desarrollan premisas que muestran que el neoliberalismo no solo es acción en el campo económico, sino también una pérdida de un proyecto común de sociedad y una individualización en el plano psicológico, que exige a cada persona afrontar la realidad de forma aislada y donde cada una puede alcanzar/comprar individualmente lo necesario. Se explica la idea del emprendimiento laboral como una de las estrategias neoliberales para individualizar y deslegitimar la necesidad de los Estados. Es una reflexión teórica que analiza para su desarrollo datos contextuales principalmente de Costa Rica y El Salvador, planes de gobierno, políticas públicas, proyectos de ley, discusiones públicas y notas periodísticas.

Abstract A discussion is offered on how neoliberal subjectivity is produced under an economic idealism, of the market and of individual freedom. Premises show that neoliberalism is not only a practice in the economic field but also a loss of a social project and individualization in the psychological plane that requires each person to face reality in isolation and where each one can reach/buy individually what is necessary. The idea of entrepreneurship is explained as one of the neoliberal strategies to individualize and delegitimize the need for States. It is a theoretical reflection that analyzes historical contextual data from Costa Rica and El Salvador, government plans, policies already applied, bills, public discussions and journalistic notes.