Abstract Introduction The Dark Winged Fungus Gnat, Bradysia impatiens Johannsen, is a significant pest in modern forest nurseries in Mexico, as it causes plant mortality. However, studies on adult monitoring are scarce. Objectives Determine the most suitable trap for monitoring B. impatiens, characterize its population levels and identify associated organisms, including its natural enemies. Materials and methods The attraction effect of B. impatiens to two types of yellow sticky traps (circular and flag paper trap) and a colorless trap was evaluated. After selecting the best trap, the capture of B. impatiens and associated organisms was compared across four forest nurseries to determine the species' population levels. Capture data were analyzed using generalized linear models with negative binomial regression. Results and discussion Flag paper trap was the most efficient for capturing adults. Based on weekly captures, three population levels were subjectively rated: low (<30 adults), medium (30-60 adults), and high (>60 adults). Coenosia attenuata Stein was found as a natural enemy of the pest; however, the capture percentage was low (1.78 %), so the traps do not pose a threat to their populations. Kleidotoma sp., a possible parasitoid of the pest and C. attenuata, was also found. Conclusions An integrated pest management plan for B. impatiens is necessary, including flag paper trap and the predator C. attenuata as biological control in nurseries. C. attenuata, a predator of B. impatiens, is recorded for the first time in Tlaxcala.

Resumen Introducción El mosco fungoso negro Bradysia impatiens Johannsen es una plaga de importancia en los viveros forestales tecnificados de México, debido a que ocasiona mortalidad de la planta; sin embargo, los estudios sobre monitoreo de adultos son escasos. Objetivos Determinar la trampa más adecuada para el monitoreo de B. impatiens, caracterizar sus niveles poblacionales e identificar organismos asociados, entre ellos sus enemigos naturales. Materiales y métodos Se evaluó el efecto de atracción de B. impatiens a dos tipos de trampas pegajosas amarillas (circulares y bandera) y una incolora. Después de la selección de la mejor trampa, se comparó la captura de B. impatiens y organismos asociados en cuatro viveros forestales para determinar niveles poblacionales de la especie. Los datos de captura se analizaron con modelos lineales generalizados mediante regresión binomial negativa. Resultados y discusión La trampa bandera fue la más eficiente para la captura de adultos. Con base en la captura semanal, se calificaron subjetivamente tres niveles poblacionales: baja (<30 adultos), media (30-60 adultos) y alta (>60 adultos). Se encontró a Coenosia attenuata Stein como enemigo natural de la plaga; sin embargo, el porcentaje de captura fue bajo (1.78 %), por lo que las trampas no representan amenaza para sus poblaciones. También se encontró a Kleidotoma sp., posible parasitoide de la plaga y de C. attenuata. Conclusiones Es necesario un plan de manejo integrado de plagas para B. impatiens, que incluya la trampa bandera y el depredador C. attenuata como control biológico en viveros. La mosca C. attenuata, depredadora de B. impatiens, se registra por primera vez en Tlaxcala.

ABSTRACT: Buckwheat is known for its aptitude as green manure, as it increases soil’s physical and chemical properties at the same time it has none or very few fertilization requirements besides a fast canopy closure and has no ravagers or natural enemies documented in Brazil. This crop has the potential to fill an empty period known as the “Autumn gap” in Southern Brazil, which is characterized by the low or no forage offer at all, justified by the fact its forage has the same quality as that of a grass forage, besides, its grains, highly nutritious, can also be consumed by humans, ruminants, or non-ruminants. This review aims to provide relevant information about recent buckwheat research to make it a viable alternative for the Autumn gap. ABSTRACT manure soils soil s Brazil gap all grains nutritious humans ruminants nonruminants. nonruminants non ruminants. non-ruminants

RESUMO: O trigo mourisco é conhecido por sua aptidão como adubo verde, melhorando as propriedades físicas e químicas do solo ao mesmo tempo que possui nenhuma ou baixíssimas requisições de fertilização, além de rápido fechamento de dossel e de não possuir pragas nem outros inimigos naturais documentados no Brasil. Essa cultura tem o potencial de cultivo para preencher o período de tempo conhecido como “vazio outonal” no Sul do Brasil, período caracterizado pela baixa ou nenhuma oferta de forragem. O valor nutritivo é bom, além de seus grãos, altamente nutritivos, também poderem ser consumidos por humanos, ruminantes e não-ruminantes. Essa revisão visa fornecer informações relevantes da pesquisa sobre o trigo mourisco nos últimos anos objetivando o incentivo a viabilização dessa cultura como alternativa no vazio outonal no sul do Brasil. RESUMO verde fertilização Brasil forragem bom grãos nutritivos humanos nãoruminantes. nãoruminantes ruminantes. não-ruminantes

Abstract Due to the irrational use of chemicals for pest control in intensive crops, the diversity of communities of beneficial organisms, such as the predatory mites of the order Mesostigmata, has been alarmingly diminished,. These arachnids have taken on agricultural relevance because most of their members have zoophagic feeding habits and naturally regulate harmful populations of insects, nematodes and other mites that inhabit plants. For more than 40 years, predatory mites have been introduced regularly for biocontrol work and it is estimated that more than 60% of programs use these organisms; however, the commercial products available are limited to a few species, which vary in effectiveness according to the conditions of the crop, availability of prey and competition for niches with other predatory organisms; in addition, their production is protected under trade secrecy in most cases. With this, the opportunity opens up to explore native or even already commercialized species in order to evaluate their predatory capacity at the research level or as usual tools for pest regulation; a first challenge for this purpose is propagation and culture methods. The methods for mite culture can be divided into two: maintenance on plants and in confinement; although each technique has been developed for a particular species or a certain purpose, knowing their basic design promises to bring us closer to a new line of study for their introduction and reintroduction into agricultural systems.

Resumen Debido al uso irracional de productos químicos para el control de plagas en los cultivos intensivos, se han disminuido de manera alarmante la diversidad de comunidades de organismos benéficos, tal es el caso de los ácaros depredadores del orden Mesostigmata. Estos arácnidos han tomado relevancia agrícola debido a que, la mayoría de sus miembros presentan hábitos alimentarios zoofágicos y regulan de manera natural poblaciones perjudiciales de insectos, nematodos y otros ácaros que habitan las plantas. De manera regular, desde hace más de 40 años se introducen los ácaros depredadores para los trabajos de biocontrol y se estima que más de 60% de los programas utilizan estos organismos; sin embargo, los productos comerciales disponibles están limitados a unas pocas especies, las cuales varían en efectividad según las condiciones del cultivo, disponibilidad de presas y competencia de nichos con otros organismos también depredadores, además, su producción está resguardada bajo secreto empresarial en la mayoría de los casos. Con esto, se abre la oportunidad para explorar especies nativas o incluso ya comercializadas, con el fin de evaluar su capacidad depredadora a nivel de investigación o como herramientas habituales para la regulación de plagas, un primer reto para este fin es la propagación y los métodos de cultivo. Los métodos para cultivar ácaros se pueden dividir en dos: mantenimiento sobre plantas y en confinamiento, aunque cada técnica se ha desarrollado para una especie en particular o un fin determinado, el conocer su diseño básico, promete acercarnos a una nueva línea de estudio para su introducción y reintroducción en los sistemas agrícolas.

Abstract The widespread loss of biodiversity in agricultural landscapes and ecosystems is a global concern. This loss is related to the intensification of agricultural practices, the inappropriate use of agrochemicals and the fragmentation of natural habitats. All of this affects plant diversity and has an impact on the functioning of the ecosystem, limiting ecosystem services. Promoting greater functional diversity in the margins of our crops is an achievable goal through the management of the resources offered by the weed flora. In particular, species of the Brassicaceae Burnett family (hereinafter referred to as cruciferous), play a fundamental role in agrosystems by attracting natural enemies of pests and providing nectar and pollen to pollinators. The objective of this study was to detect and estimate the floral resources offered by cruciferous plants in the presence of other weed species. To this end, an experiment was designed at the “La Poveda” farm (CSIC, Madrid) in 2023, in which up to 4 flights were carried out with a drone over the floral margins where three cruciferous plants of interest were found: Diplotaxis tenuifolia, Eruca vesicaria and Moricandia arvensis. These species represent some of the key functional traits of crucifers that are often present in our agrosystems. The detection of these species was carried out through the analysis of images captured by the drone and the implementation of convolutional neural network architectures. In this work, we present the first results of the models we are developing.

Resumen La pérdida generalizada de biodiversidad en los paisajes y ecosistemas agrarios es una preocupación a nivel global. Esta pérdida se relaciona con la intensificación de las prácticas agrícolas, el uso inadecuado de agroquímicos y la fragmentación de hábitats naturales. Todo esto afecta la diversidad vegetal y tiene un impacto en el funcionamiento del ecosistema, limitando los servicios ecosistémicos. Promover una mayor diversidad funcional en los márgenes de nuestros cultivos es una meta alcanzable mediante el manejo de los recursos que nos ofrece la flora arvense. En particular, las especies de la familia Brassicaceae Burnett (en adelante, crucíferas), desempeñan un papel fundamental en los agrosistemas al atraer enemigos naturales de plagas y proporcionar néctar y polen a los polinizadores. El objetivo de este estudio era detectar y estimar los recursos florales ofrecidos por las crucíferas en presencia de otras especies arvenses. Para ello, se diseñó un experimento en la finca “La Poveda” (CSIC, Madrid) en 2023, en el que se llevaron a cabo hasta 4 vuelos con un dron sobre los márgenes florales donde se encontraban tres crucíferas de interés: Diplotaxis tenuifolia, Eruca vesicaria y Moricandia arvensis. Estas especies representan algunos de los rasgos funcionales clave de las crucíferas que suelen estar presentes en nuestros agrosistemas. La detección de estas especies se realizó mediante el análisis de imágenes capturadas por el dron y la implementación de arquitecturas de redes neuronales convolucionales. En este trabajo, presentamos los primeros resultados de los modelos que estamos desarrollando.

Abstract Weeds play an important role in the trophic network of agroecosystems since they interact directly or indirectly with other of their components and offer a wide spectrum of ecological functions. The objective of this work was to determine the relationship between plant species and pollinating insects in the autonomous community of Aragón, Spain. Based on a list of 354 species found by the authors in winter cereal fields and adjacent margins during vegetation sampling in recent decades, a bibliographic search was carried out using 6 databases and other sources of information for each species plant to determine the associated insects. The species found mostly corresponded to the botanical families Poaceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, and Brassicaceae. 80.5% of species presented entomophilous pollination, where bees were the main pollinating insects (23%), followed by lepidopterans (11%). Both types of insects were reported in a large number of plant species (21.5%). The difficulty of finding information for typical plant species in the region justifies the compilation work and motivates its continuity, which in addition to pollinators, will cover other functional groups of insects such as pests, natural enemies, and virus vectors. These preliminary results aid to know which weed species with flowers potentially attractive to insects should be conserved within and around agroecosystems, as they can favour the provision of the ecosystem service of pollination, contributing to the correct functioning of ecosystems and to food production.

Resumen Las especies arvenses (malas hierbas) desempeñan un papel importante en la red trófica de los agroecosistemas, ya que interaccionan directa o indirectamente con otros de sus componentes y ofrecen un amplio espectro de funciones ecológicas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la relación entre especies vegetales arvenses e insectos polinizadores en la comunidad autónoma de Aragón, España. A partir de un listado de 354 especies vegetales encontradas por los autores en campos de cereal de invierno y en márgenes colindantes durante los muestreos de vegetación de las últimas décadas, se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica utilizando 6 bases de datos y otras fuentes de información por cada especie vegetal para determinar los insectos asociados. Las especies encontradas correspondieron en su mayoría a las familias botánicas Poaceae, Asteracea, Fabaceae y Brassicaceae. Un 80,5% presentó polinización entomófila, donde las abejas fueron los principales insectos polinizadores (23%), seguido de lepidópteros (11%). En una gran cantidad de especies (21,5%) se reportaron ambos tipos de insectos. La dificultad de encontrar información para especies vegetales típicas de la región justifica el trabajo de recopilación iniciado y motiva su continuidad, que además de polinizadores, abarcará otros grupos funcionales de insectos, como plagas, enemigos naturales y vectores de virus. Estos resultados preliminares ayudan a conocer qué especies arvenses conviene conservar por tener flores potencialmente atractivas para insectos, dentro y alrededor de los agroecosistemas, favoreciendo la prestación del servicio ecosistémico de polinización y contribuyendo al correcto funcionamiento de los ecosistemas y a la producción de alimentos.

Abstract Supporting sustainable strategies to promote functional biodiversity in agroforestry systems is a priority for increasing biological conservation protection against enemies of existing crops and forest species. For the Conservation biological control, it is important to implement management practices that maintain and contribute to enhancing the reproduction, survival and efficiency of both pollinators and beneficial entomofauna that regulate the population of crop enemies. Plant species suitable for promoting increased population levels of these natural enemies and pollinators, ensuring their food needs (e.g. pollen, nectar, honeydew) and shelter (alternative hosts), are fundamental. In this context, regarding pollinating insects and, in particular, the domestic bee, Apis mellifera iberiensis, this work aims to contribute to the knowledge of the flora that meet these requirements, and at the same time, contribute to increasing the value of the domestic bee for the Ecosystem Services.

Resumo Apoiar estratégias sustentáveis para o fomento da biodiversidade funcional nos sistemas agroflorestais é uma prioridade para o incremento da proteção biológica de conservação contra os inimigos das culturas e espécies florestais existentes. Para o controlo biológico de conservação, é importante a implementação de práticas de gestão que mantenham e contribuam para potenciar a reprodução, sobrevivência e eficiência, tanto dos polinizadores quanto da entomofauna benéfica que regula a população dos inimigos das culturas. As espécies de plantas adequadas para fomentar o aumento dos níveis populacionais destes inimigos naturais e dos polinizadores, garantindo as suas necessidades alimentares (por exemplo, pólen, néctar, melada) e abrigo (hospedeiros alternativos), são fundamentais. Neste contexto, relativamente a insetos polinizadores e, em particular à abelha doméstica, Apis mellifera iberiensis, pretende-se, com este trabalho, contribuir para um melhor conhecimento sobre a flora associada e, ao mesmo tempo, contribuir para incrementar o valor da abelha doméstica nos Serviços dos Ecossistemas.

ABSTRACT Plants undergoing insect infestation release herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) into their environment, which are then used by natural enemies for their benefit. The pest Aleurothrixus floccosus, which affects citrus orchards in northern Chile, specifically at Pica Oasis, poses a year-round threat. Recently, the introduction of the exotic ladybird Clitostethus arcuatus has been noted as a predator of A. floccosus. This study delved into how HIPVs emitted from tangelo (Citrus reticulata × C. ×paradisi Macfad.) and lime (C. ×aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle) infested-shoots impact the behavioral responses of C. arcuatus. The volatile compounds were collected using the headspace technique, revealing notable qualitative changes after herbivory. In two-choice bioassays, the HIPVs elicited an attractive response in C. arcuatus compared to A. floccosus. At concentrations of 10 and 100 µg mL-1, the predators displayed a distinct preference for methyl salicylate (MeSA). These findings underscore that C. arcuatus exploits the HIPVs emitted from citrus infested-shoots, fostering tritrophic interactions. Exploring the impact of whitefly attacks on other fruit trees, emerges as a significant avenue for future investigation.

Resumen El minador sudamericano de la hoja del tomate (TLM), Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), es una plaga importante del tomate, la papa y otras especies solanáceas de relevancia económica. El manejo de plagas de TLM basado en el uso de insecticidas convencionales puede ser problemático debido a diversas causas, entre ellas, la reducción de los beneficios económicos por los altos costos de los insecticidas, la destrucción de las poblaciones de enemigos naturales, la presencia de residuos de insecticidas en los frutos del tomate y el rápido desarrollo de resistencia a los insecticidas, especialmente cuando se alcanzan niveles elevados de infestación. La búsqueda de compuestos activos menos persistentes beneficiaría a la producción hortícola, así como al medio ambiente y a los consumidores. En el presente estudio, evaluamos la toxicidad de un extracto de hexano en diferentes concentraciones obtenido de frutos frescos del árbol del paraíso Melia azedarach L. (MA), sobre huevos de TLM, larvas de segundo estadio y pupas mediante pruebas de contacto en el laboratorio. Los resultados indicaron que, al aumentar las concentraciones, también aumentaba la mortalidad de huevos, larvas y pupas. El análisis de los datos probit mostró que la CL50 para el extracto de MA en huevos de TLM, larvas del segundo estadio y pupas fueron 948,93, 346,72 y 1,75 μl/ml, respectivamente. Concluimos que este extracto tiene potencial para controlar T. absoluta, pero se deben realizar más estudios ecotoxicológicos para concluir sobre su seguridad en otros organismos y el medio ambiente.

Abstract The South American tomato leaf miner (TLM), Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is an important pest of tomato, potato and other solanaceous species of economic relevance. Pest management of TLM based on the use of conventional insecticides can be problematic due to various causes, among them, the reduced economical profits from high insecticide costs, the destruction of natural enemies’ populations, the presence of insecticide residues on tomato fruits and the rapid development of insecticide resistance, especially when high levels of infestation are reached. The search for less-persistent active compounds would benefit horticultural production, as well as the environment and consumers. In the current study, we evaluated the toxicity of a hexane extract at different concentrations obtained from the chinaberry tree Melia azedarach L. (MA) fresh fruits, on TLM eggs, 2nd instar larvae and pupae by means of contact tests in the laboratory. Results indicated that with increasing concentrations, mortality of eggs, larvae and pupae also increased. Analysis of probit data showed that LC50 for MA extract in TLM eggs, 2nd instar larvae and pupae were 948.93, 346.72 and 1.75 μl/ml, respectively. We conclude that this extract has potential for controlling T. absoluta but further ecotoxicological studies should be carried out to conclude on its safety in other organisms and the environment.

Abstract Terminalia argentea tree, native to Brazil, is widely used in landscaping, recovering degraded areas, its wood, coal production, and the bark or leaf extracts has medicinal use. Despite of its importance, the arthropod fauna associated to this plant and its interspecific relationships still needs further studies. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the arthropods, their ecological indices and the distribution in the leaf faces on T. argentea saplings. The numbers of phytophagous insects (e.g., Cephalocoema sp.), pollinators (e.g., Tetragonisca angustula), and natural enemies (e.g., Oxyopidae), and their ecological indices (e.g., species richness), were higher on the adaxial leaf faces on T. argentea saplings. Aggregated distribution of phytophagous insects (e.g., Aphis spiraecola), pollinators (e.g., Trigona spinipes), and natural enemies (e.g., Camponotus sp.) on T. argentea saplings was observed. Abundance, diversity, and species richness of natural enemies correlated, positively, with those of phytophagous and pollinators insects. Predators and tending ants followed their prey and sucking insects, respectively. Tending ants protected sucking insects against predators, and reduced chewing insects. The high number of Cephalocoema sp. on T. argentea saplings is a problem, because this insect can feed on leaves of this plant, but its preference for the adaxial leaf face favors its control. The aggregation behavior of arthropods on T. argentea saplings favors the control of potential pests of this plant. There seems to be competition between tending ants for space and food resources on T. argentea saplings. tree Brazil landscaping areas wood production use importance studies T e.g., eg e g (e.g. sp., sp , angustula, angustula angustula) Oxyopidae, Oxyopidae Oxyopidae) richness, richness) spiraecola, spiraecola spiraecola) spinipes, spinipes spinipes) observed Abundance diversity correlated positively respectively predators problem e.g. (e.g e.g

Resumo Terminalia argentea, árvore nativa do Brasil, é muito utilizada no paisagismo, na recuperação de áreas degradadas, sua madeira na produção de carvão e o extrato da casca ou das folhas tem uso medicinal. Apesar de sua importância, a fauna de artrópodes associada a esta planta e suas relações interespecíficas ainda carecem de estudos mais aprofundados. Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar os artrópodes, seus índices ecológicos e a distribuição nas faces foliares de mudas de T. argentea. O número de insetos fitófagos (ex.: Cephalocoema sp.), polinizadores (ex.: Tetragonisca angustula), e inimigos naturais (ex.: Oxyopidae), e seus índices ecológicos (ex.: riqueza de espécies), foram maiores nas faces adaxiais das folhas das mudas de T. argentea. Foi observada uma distribuição agregada de insetos fitófagos (ex.: Aphis spiraecola), polinizadores (ex.: Trigona spinipes) e inimigos naturais (ex.: Camponotus sp.) em mudas de T. argentea. A abundância, diversidade e riqueza de espécies de inimigos naturais correlacionaram-se, positivamente, com as de insetos fitófagos e polinizadores. Os predadores e as formigas cuidadoras seguiram as suas presas e os insetos sugadores, respectivamente. As formigas cuidadoras protegeram os insetos sugadores contra os predadores e reduziram os insetos mastigadores. O elevado número de Cephalocoema sp. em mudas de T. argentea é um problema, pois esse inseto pode se alimentar de folhas dessa planta, mas sua preferência pela face adaxial da folha favorece seu controle. O comportamento de agregação de artrópodes em mudas de T. argentea favorece o controle de potenciais pragas dessa planta. Parece haver competição entre as formigas cuidadoras por espaço e recursos alimentares nas mudas de T. argentea. Brasil paisagismo degradadas medicinal importância aprofundados T ex. ex (ex. sp., sp , angustula, angustula angustula) Oxyopidae, Oxyopidae Oxyopidae) espécies, espécies) spiraecola, spiraecola spiraecola) spinipes abundância correlacionaramse, correlacionaramse correlacionaram se, correlacionaram-se positivamente respectivamente mastigadores problema (ex

Resumo As pragas sugadoras perfurantes do pimentão causam perdas significativas em sua produção. Considerando os efeitos indesejáveis dos pesticidas sintéticos, foram realizados estudos de campo para avaliar o impacto de novos pesticidas contra pragas de insetos sugadores perfurantes do pimentão, bem como os seus efeitos sobre alguns predadores e a produção de pimentão durante as épocas 2021 e 2022. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que todos os pesticidas testados suprimiram efetivamente as populações de insetos sugadores após 1,7,14 e 21 dias de tratamento ao longo de duas pulverizações durante duas temporadas. O Imidaclopride mostrou-se superior a todos os outros tratamentos quando registrou-se redução média (%) (98,91 e 97,27%) & (94,8 e 95,19%), (86,23 e 76,64%) & (80,92 e 88,55%) e (77,68 e 78,44%) & (90,70 e 68,57%) em mosca branca, pulgões e tripes, respectivamente, nas primeira e segunda pulverizações após a temporada de 2021 e 2022, respectivamente. Quanto ao efeito colateral dos inseticidas testados sobre os inimigos naturais, o Dimetoato induziu a maior diminuição (60,85 e 69,33%) & (54,02 e 63,41%), (65,52 e 64,74%) & (59,23 e 58,38%) e (64,24 e 59,48%) & (61,66 e 60,8%) em Chrysoperla carnea, Paederus alfierii e Coccinella spp. nas primeira e segunda pulverizações após as temporadas de 2021 e 2022, respectivamente. Pelo contrário, Spintoram induziu o menor efeito em Chrysoperla carnea, Paederus alfierii e Coccinella spp., registrando porcentagem de diminuição (25,41 e 19,84%) e (15,02 e 12,50%), (11,94 e 11,24%) & (16,99 e 18,02%) e (18,73 e 15,07%) e (18,35 e 18,38%) nas primeira e segunda pulverizações após as temporadas de 2021 e 2022, respectivamente. Com relação ao efeito dos inseticidas testados na produção de pimenta, todos os inseticidas testados aumentaram a produção de frutos de pimenta verde em comparação com o controle. O Imidaclopride alcançou os maiores rendimentos de frutos ao longo de duas temporadas (6,43 e 6,52 toneladas/alimentado) com aumento percentual no rendimento de 34,53 e 36,04% em relação ao controle após duas temporadas 2021 e 2022, respectivamente. sintéticos 202 2022 1714 1 7 14 1,7,1 2 mostrouse mostrou se registrouse registrou % (% 98,91 9891 98 91 (98,9 97,27% 9727 97 27 94,8 948 94 8 (94, 95,19%, 9519 95,19% , 95 19 95,19%) 86,23 8623 86 23 (86,2 76,64% 7664 76 64 80,92 8092 80 92 (80,9 88,55% 8855 88 55 77,68 7768 77 68 (77,6 78,44% 7844 78 44 90,70 9070 90 70 (90,7 68,57% 6857 57 branca tripes respectivamente naturais 60,85 6085 60 85 (60,8 69,33% 6933 69 33 54,02 5402 54 02 (54,0 63,41%, 6341 63,41% 63 41 63,41%) 65,52 6552 65 52 (65,5 64,74% 6474 74 59,23 5923 59 (59,2 58,38% 5838 58 38 64,24 6424 24 (64,2 59,48% 5948 48 61,66 6166 61 66 (61,6 60,8% 608 carnea spp contrário 25,41 2541 25 (25,4 19,84% 1984 84 15,02 1502 15 (15,0 12,50%, 1250 12,50% 12 50 12,50%) 11,94 1194 11 (11,9 11,24% 1124 16,99 1699 16 99 (16,9 18,02% 1802 18 18,73 1873 73 (18,7 15,07% 1507 07 18,35 1835 35 (18,3 18,38% 1838 6,43 643 6 43 (6,4 652 6,5 toneladas/alimentado toneladasalimentado toneladas alimentado 3453 34 53 34,5 3604 36 04 36,04 20 171 1,7, ( 98,9 989 9 (98, 97,27 972 94, (94 951 95,19 86,2 862 (86, 76,64 766 80,9 809 (80, 88,55 885 5 77,6 776 (77, 78,44 784 4 90,7 907 (90, 68,57 685 60,8 (60, 69,33 693 3 54,0 540 0 (54, 634 63,41 65,5 655 (65, 64,74 647 59,2 592 (59, 58,38 583 64,2 642 (64, 59,48 594 61,6 616 (61, 25,4 254 (25, 19,84 198 15,0 150 (15, 125 12,50 11,9 119 (11, 11,24 112 16,9 169 (16, 18,02 180 18,7 187 (18, 15,07 18,3 183 18,38 6,4 (6, 6, 345 34, 360 36,0 17 1,7 98, (98 97,2 (9 95,1 86, (86 76,6 80, (80 88,5 77, (77 78,4 90, (90 68,5 60, (60 69,3 54, (54 63,4 65, (65 64,7 59, (59 58,3 64, (64 59,4 61, (61 25, (25 19,8 15, (15 12,5 11, (11 11,2 16, (16 18,0 18, (18 (6 36, 1, 97, 95, (8 76, 88, (7 78, 68, 69, (5 63, 58, (2 19, (1 12,

Abstract Piercing sucking pests attacking sweet pepper plants cause significant losses to its yield. Considering the undesirable effects of synthetic pesticides, field studies were conducted to evaluate the impact of new pesticides against piercing sucking insect pests of sweet pepper, as well as, their effects on some predators and pepper yield along two seasons of 2021-2022. The obtained results indicated that all tested pesticides effectively suppressed the sucking insect populations (aphids, white fly, thrips) 1,7,14 and 21 days after treatment along two sprays during two seasons. Imidacloprid proved to be the superior one over all other treatments where it recorded mean reduction% (98.91 and 97.27%) & (94.8 and 95.19%), (86.23 and 76.64%) & (80.92 and 88.55%) and (77.68 and 78.44%) & (90.70 and 68.57%) in white fly, aphids and thrips, respectively at 1st and 2nd sprays at 2021 and 2022 seasons, respectively. As for side effects of tested insecticides on natural enemies, Dimethoate induced the highest decrease (60.85 and 69.33%) & (54.02 and 63.41%), (65.52 and 64.74%) & (59.23 and 58.38%) and (64.24 and 59.48%) & (61.66 and 60.8%) on Chrysoperla carnea, Paederus alfierii and Coccinella spp at 1st and 2nd sprays at 2021 and 2022 seasons, respectively. On contrary, Spintoram induced the lowest effects on Chrysoperla carnea, Paederus alfierii and Coccinella spp, recording decrease percent (25.41 and 19.84%) & (15.02 and 12.50%), (11.94 and 11.24%) (16.99 and 18.02%) and (18.73 and15.07%) & (18.35 and18.38%) at1st and 2nd sprays at 2021 and 2022 seasons, respectively. With respect to the effect of tested insecticides on pepper yield, all tested insecticides increased the yield of green pepper fruits compared with control. Imidacloprid achieved the highest fruit yields along two seasons 6.43 and 6.52 (ton / fed.4200 m2) with increase percent 34.53 and 36.04% in yield over control at 2021 and 2022 seasons, respectively. 20212022. 20212022 2022. 2021-2022 aphids, (aphids fly thrips 1714 1 7 14 1,7,1 2 reduction 98.91 9891 98 91 (98.9 97.27% 9727 97 27 94.8 948 94 8 (94. 95.19%, 9519 95.19% , 95 19 95.19%) 86.23 8623 86 23 (86.2 76.64% 7664 76 64 80.92 8092 80 92 (80.9 88.55% 8855 88 55 77.68 7768 77 68 (77.6 78.44% 7844 78 44 90.70 9070 90 70 (90.7 68.57% 6857 57 st nd 202 enemies 60.85 6085 60 85 (60.8 69.33% 6933 69 33 54.02 5402 54 02 (54.0 63.41%, 6341 63.41% 63 41 63.41%) 65.52 6552 65 52 (65.5 64.74% 6474 74 59.23 5923 59 (59.2 58.38% 5838 58 38 64.24 6424 24 (64.2 59.48% 5948 48 61.66 6166 61 66 (61.6 60.8% 608 carnea contrary 25.41 2541 25 (25.4 19.84% 1984 84 15.02 1502 15 (15.0 12.50%, 1250 12.50% 12 50 12.50%) 11.94 1194 11 (11.9 11.24% 1124 16.99 1699 16 99 (16.9 18.02% 1802 18 18.73 1873 73 (18.7 and15.07% and1507 and15 07 18.35 1835 35 (18.3 and18.38% and1838 and18 atst 643 6 43 6.4 652 6.5 ton fed4200 fed 4200 fed.420 m2 m 3453 34 53 34.5 3604 36 04 36.04 2021202 2021-202 171 1,7, 98.9 989 9 (98. 97.27 972 94. (94 951 95.19 86.2 862 (86. 76.64 766 80.9 809 (80. 88.55 885 5 77.6 776 (77. 78.44 784 4 90.7 907 (90. 68.57 685 20 60.8 (60. 69.33 693 3 54.0 540 0 (54. 634 63.41 65.5 655 (65. 64.74 647 59.2 592 (59. 58.38 583 64.2 642 (64. 59.48 594 61.6 616 (61. 25.4 254 (25. 19.84 198 15.0 150 (15. 125 12.50 11.9 119 (11. 11.24 112 16.9 169 (16. 18.02 180 18.7 187 (18. and15.07 and150 and1 18.3 183 and18.38 and183 6. fed420 420 fed.42 345 34. 360 36.0 202120 2021-20 17 1,7 98. (98 97.2 (9 95.1 86. (86 76.6 80. (80 88.5 77. (77 78.4 90. (90 68.5 60. (60 69.3 54. (54 63.4 65. (65 64.7 59. (59 58.3 64. (64 59.4 61. (61 25. (25 19.8 15. (15 12.5 11. (11 11.2 16. (16 18.0 18. (18 and15.0 and18.3 fed42 42 fed.4 36. 20212 2021-2 1, 97. ( 95. (8 76. 88. (7 78. 68. (6 69. (5 63. 58. (2 19. (1 12. and15. and18. fed4 fed. 2021-

Resumo Em uma escala global o Sorghum bicolor (L.) é uma das culturas mais importantes, ocupando o quinto lugar entre todos os cereais. É cultivada na África, Ásia, Oceania e Américas, onde serve como fonte de alimento e ração para humanos e animais, respectivamente. No entanto, a produção é limitada por vários fatores, incluindo pragas e doenças. Entre as pragas que atacam o sorgo, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), comumente chamado de pulgão verde dos cereais, é a praga mais destrutiva do sorgo. O dano de S. graminum ao sorgo é agravado pelo déficit hídrico que favorece sua ocorrência. Informações limitadas sobre a distribuição espacial da praga e seus inimigos naturais impedem o desenvolvimento de estratégias de manejo ecologicamente corretas. Portanto, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi determinar a distribuição espaço-temporal de S. graminum e seu inimigo natural Coccinella septempunctata (L.) durante a fase vegetativa e reprodutiva da cultura por meio de análise geoestatística. A distribuição espaço-temporal de S. graminum foi influenciada pelo estágio de desenvolvimento do sorgo, paisagem circundante e presença de seu principal predador C. septempunctata. Além disso, a abundância de C. septempunctata foi influenciada pela densidade de S. graminum. Os resultados deste estudo são necessários para o desenvolvimento de estratégias sustentáveis de manejo de pragas contra S. graminum.

Abstract At the global level, Sorghum bicolor (L.), is one of the most important crops, which ranks fifth among all cereals. It is cultivated in Africa, Asia, Oceania and the Americas, where it serves as a source of food and feed for humans and animals, respectively. However, production is constrained by several factors including pests and diseases. Among the pests that are known to attack Sorghum, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), commonly called the green cereal aphid, is the most destructive pest of sorghum. S. graminum damage to sorghum is worsen by water deficit which favors its occurrence. Limited information on the spatial distribution of the pest and its natural enemies impedes the development of ecologically friendly management strategies. Therefore, the objective of this research was to determine the spatiotemporal distribution of S. graminum and its natural enemy Coccinella septempunctata (L.) during the vegetative and reproductive stage of the crop using geostatistical analysis. The spatiotemporal distribution of S. graminum was influenced by Sorghum development stage, surrounding landscape, and presence of its main predator C. septempunctata. Moreover, the abundance of C. septempunctata was influenced by the density of S. graminum. The findings from this study are required for developing sustainable pest management strategies against S. graminum.

Resumo O setor florestal brasileiro se destaca pela tecnologia, práticas de manejo florestal, responsabilidade social e ambiental e, principalmente, alta produtividade, mas pragas exóticas podem reduzir isto. O parasitoide Psyllaephagus bliteus (Riek, 1962) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), percevejos predadores e fungos entomopatogênicos como Beauveria bassiana e Metarhizium anisopliae são inimigos naturais usados no controle biológico do psilídeo-de-concha do eucalipto Glycaspis brimblecombei (Moore, 1964) (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae), praga em plantios de eucalipto. A utilização de fungos entomopatogênicos contra pragas exóticas vem aumentando no setor florestal e a prospecção e identificação de isolados fúngicos é importante para o manejo integrado de pragas. O objetivo deste estudo foi o isolamento e identificação molecular de Cordyceps spp. e avaliar a patogenicidade dos isolados de Cordyceps javanica (LCBPF 11) e Cordyceps fumosorosea (LCBPF 12 e LCBPF 63), obtidos de adultos de Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), ao psilídeo-de-concha G. brimblecombei. Os fungos foram isolados de adultos de B. tabaci encontrados em culturas de soja e tomate e identificados molecularmente. Os conídios foram suspensos em solução com Tween 80 (0,1%) na concentração de 1,0 x 108 conídios/mL e pulverizados sobre dez ninfas de G. brimblecombei por folha de Eucalyptus cortada e colocada sobre gel hidrorretentor no interior de placas de Petri por repetição. O número de insetos mortos foi quantificado, diariamente, por sete dias e transferidos para câmaras úmidas. Cordyceps javanica (LCBPF 11) e C. fumosorosea (LCBPF 12 e LCBPF 63) foram identificados por análise molecular e todos os isolados foram patogênicos para os insetos. Isto indica serem importantes para o manejo de G. brimblecombei e confirma relatos de que, normalmente, fungos causam maiores mortalidades em insetos da mesma ordem daquela da qual foram isolados.

Abstract The Brazilian forestry sector stands out for its technology, forestry management practices, social and environmental responsibility and, mainly, for its high productivity and exotic pests can reduce it. The red gum lerp psyllid Glycaspis brimblecombei (Moore, 1964) (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae) is an important pest in Eucalyptus plantations. The parasitoid Psyllaephagus bliteus (Riek, 1962) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), predatory bugs and entomopathogenic fungi such as Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae are the natural enemies and used in the biological control of the red gum lerp psyllid. The use of entomopathogenic fungi against exotic pests is increasing in the forestry sector and the prospecting and identification of fungus isolates is important for integrated pest management. The objective of this work was the isolation and molecular identification of Cordyceps spp. And to evaluate the pathogenicity of isolates, obtained from Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius, 1889) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) adults, against to the red gum lerp psyllid G. brimblecombei. The fungi were isolated from B. tabaci adults found in soybean and tomato crops and molecularly identified. The conidia obtained were suspended in solution with Tween 80 (0.1%) at a concentration of 1.0 × 108 conidia/mL and sprayed on ten G. brimblecombei nymphs per Eucalyptus leaf cut and placed on a hydroretentive gel inside per Petri dishes as a replication. The number of dead insects was quantified, daily, for seven days, and transferred to humid chambers. Cordyceps javanica (LCBPF 11) and C. fumosorosea (LCBPF 12 and LCBPF 63) were identified with a molecular analysis and all isolates were pathogenic to the insects and indicates that they could be used to manage G. brimblecombei and adds to reports that, normally, fungi cause greater mortality on insects of the same order as that from which they were isolated.

Abstract The aim of this study was to recognize the mite fauna associated with apple orchards in southern Brazil and present a dichotomous key of the species sampled and those already reported in apple trees in southern Brazil. The studies were carried out in the 2020/2021 harvest in seven apple orchards of the Eva, Fuji and Gala cultivars located in the municipalities of Muitos Capões, Antônio Prado (Rio Grande do Sul state) and São Joaquim (Santa Catarina state). The orchards were divided into quadrants and sampling was carried out monthly. In each orchard, 40 plants were sampled, with three leaves of each plant collected in apical, median and basal regions of a median branch. In addition, monthly five species of spontaneous plants per orchard were sampled. A total of 8,425 mites were found, with the greatest abundance in Antônio Prado (50%), followed by Muitos Capões (35.5%) and São Joaquim (14.5%). The specimens found belong to 29 families, 64 genera and 99 species, in addition to mites of the order Oribatida. The greatest diversity was found in spontaneous vegetation (59 species), being 19 exclusives to apple trees and 21 species common to apple trees and spontaneous vegetation. Phytoseiidae was the family that presented the greatest richness, with 16 species, of which seven were common in apple trees and spontaneous plants. The most abundant species was Aculus schlechtendali Nalepa (Eriophyidae) (39.5%), followed by Panonychus ulmi (Koch) (Tetranychidae) (14.6%), Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) (Tarsonemidae) (9.4%) and Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) (Phytoseiidae) (7.4%). These results suggest that the mite fauna present in apple orchards in different landscapes and management are distinct, with a greater diversity of phytoseiid mites present in organic areas. Therefore, to maintain a greater diversity of predatory mites in these orchards, organic management seems to be the most appropriate. Furthermore, the high acarine diversity found in spontaneous vegetation demonstrates the importance of maintaining these plants in orchards that serve as refuges and reservoirs, favoring the permanence of natural enemies in these environments. 20202021 2020 2021 2020/202 Eva Rio state Santa state. . 4 apical branch 8425 8 425 8,42 50%, 50 50% , (50%) 35.5% 355 35 5 (35.5% 14.5%. 145 14.5% 14 (14.5%) 2 families 6 9 Oribatida 59 (5 species) 1 richness Eriophyidae (Eriophyidae 39.5%, 395 39.5% 39 (39.5%) Koch (Koch Tetranychidae (Tetranychidae 14.6%, 146 14.6% (14.6%) Banks (Banks Tarsonemidae (Tarsonemidae 9.4% 94 (9.4% McGregor (McGregor (Phytoseiidae 7.4%. 74 7.4% 7 (7.4%) distinct areas Therefore appropriate Furthermore reservoirs environments 2020202 202 2020/20 842 42 8,4 (50% 35.5 3 (35.5 14.5 (14.5% ( 39.5 (39.5% 14.6 (14.6% 9.4 (9.4 7.4 (7.4% 202020 20 2020/2 84 8, (50 35. (35. 14. (14.5 39. (39.5 (14.6 9. (9. 7. (7.4 20202 2020/ (35 (14. (39. (9 (7. (3 (14 (39 (7 (1

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi reconhecer a acarofauna associada a pomares de macieira no sul do Brasil e apresentar uma chave dicotômica das espécies amostradas e daquelas já relatadas em macieiras no sul do Brasil. Os estudos foram realizados na safra 2020/2021 em sete pomares de macieiras das cultivares Eva, Fuji e Gala localizados nos municípios de Muitos Capões, Antônio Prado (RS) e São Joaquim (SC). Os pomares foram divididos em quadrantes e a amostragem foi realizada mensalmente. Em cada pomar foram amostradas 40 plantas, sendo três folhas de cada planta coletadas nas regiões apical, mediana e basal de um ramo mediano. Além disso, mensalmente foram amostradas cinco espécies de vegetação espontânea por pomar. Foram encontrados 8.425 ácaros, com maior abundância em Antônio Prado (50%), seguido por Muitos Capões (35,5%) e São Joaquim (14,5%). Os exemplares encontrados pertencem a 29 famílias, 64 gêneros e 99 espécies, além de ácaros da ordem Oribatida. A maior abundância foi encontrada em vegetação espontânea (59 espécies), sendo 19 exclusivas de macieiras e 21 espécies comuns a macieiras e vegetação espontânea. Phytoseiidae foi a família que apresentou maior riqueza, com 16 espécies, das quais sete eram comuns em macieiras e vegetação espontânea. A espécie mais abundante foi Aculus schlechtendali Nalepa (Eriophyidae) (39,5%), seguida por Panonychus ulmi (Koch) (Tetranychidae) (14,6%), Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) (Tarsonemidae) (9,4%) e Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) (Phytoseiidae) (7,4%). Esses resultados sugerem que a acarofauna presente em pomares de macieira em diferentes paisagens e manejos são distintas, com maior diversidade de ácaros fitoseídeos presentes em áreas orgânicas. Portanto, para manter uma maior diversidade de ácaros predadores nesses pomares, o manejo orgânico parece ser o mais adequado. Além disso, a elevada diversidade de ácaros encontrada na vegetação espontânea demonstra a importância da manutenção destas plantas em pomares que servem como refúgios e reservatórios, favorecendo a permanência de inimigos naturais nestes ambientes. 20202021 2020 2021 2020/202 Eva RS (RS SC. SC . (SC) 4 apical mediano disso 8425 8 425 8.42 50%, 50 50% , (50%) 35,5% 355 35 5 (35,5% 14,5%. 145 14,5% 14 (14,5%) 2 famílias 6 9 Oribatida 59 (5 espécies) 1 riqueza Eriophyidae (Eriophyidae 39,5%, 395 39,5% 39 (39,5%) Koch (Koch Tetranychidae (Tetranychidae 14,6%, 146 14,6% (14,6%) Banks (Banks Tarsonemidae (Tarsonemidae 9,4% 94 (9,4% McGregor (McGregor (Phytoseiidae 7,4%. 74 7,4% 7 (7,4%) distintas orgânicas Portanto adequado reservatórios ambientes 2020202 202 2020/20 (SC 842 42 8.4 (50% 35,5 3 (35,5 14,5 (14,5% ( 39,5 (39,5% 14,6 (14,6% 9,4 (9,4 7,4 (7,4% 202020 20 2020/2 84 8. (50 35, (35, 14, (14,5 39, (39,5 (14,6 9, (9, 7, (7,4 20202 2020/ (35 (14, (39, (9 (7, (3 (14 (39 (7 (1

Abstract This research aimed to predict the seasonal incidence of whitefly, B. tabaci (Asia II 5) with its management by new plant systemic insecticides and their influence on natural enemies on potato crop. Results concluded that the whitefly population was slightly higher in 2020-21 than in 2019-20 and temperature (minimum and maximum), relative humidity (minimum), evaporation, and sunshine hours were key factors in determining the B. tabaci population buildup with reasonable accuracy (R2=0.82). Sequential spray of Diafenthiuron and Thiamethoxam (1.61 adults/3 compound leaves) was noticed to be the most effective treatment with the highest cost-benefit ratio (1:2.55), whereas two sequential sprays of Pymetrozine (3.17 adults/3 compound leaves) was found to be the least effective with the lowest cost-benefit ratio (1:1.61). All of the insecticides sequential spray examined were found to be either harmless or slightly detrimental to natural enemies (spiders and coccinellids). The current study concluded that B. tabaci population growth and seasonal incidence were greatly influenced by weather factors and this information validates the monitoring for early decision-making prior to developing insect pest management strategies against B. tabaci. Sequential spray of Imidacloprid and Thiamethoxam were shown reliable both from bio-efficacy and economic point of view in managing B. tabaci infestations in potato crop and can be incorporated into the IPM module. B Asia 5 202021 2020 21 2020-2 201920 2019 20 2019-2 minimum maximum, maximum , maximum) minimum, (minimum) evaporation R2=0.82. R2082 R R2=0.82 . R2 0 82 (R2=0.82) 1.61 161 1 61 (1.6 adults3 adults 3 adults/ leaves costbenefit cost benefit 12.55, 1255 2.55 2 55 (1:2.55) 3.17 317 17 (3.1 11.61. 1161 (1:1.61) spiders coccinellids. coccinellids coccinellids) decisionmaking decision making bioefficacy bio efficacy module 20202 202 2020- 20192 201 2019- R208 R2=0.8 8 (R2=0.82 1.6 16 6 (1. 12 12.55 125 255 2.5 (1:2.55 3.1 31 (3. 11 11.61 116 (1:1.61 R20 R2=0. (R2=0.8 1. (1 12.5 25 2. (1:2.5 3. (3 11.6 (1:1.6 R2=0 (R2=0. ( 12. (1:2. 11. (1:1. R2= (R2=0 (1:2 (1:1 (R2= (1: (R2 (R

Abstract Palpita forficifera Munroe, 1959 (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is the main pest of the olive tree (Olea europaea L., Oleaceae) in Brazil and its management has been difficult, as there are few products recommended for its control. This study aimed to evaluate the population dynamics of P. forficifera and the entomofauna of parasitoid eggs and larvae in three olive orchards under different cultivation systems, in Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. The study was carried out from October to May, in the 2017/18 and 2018/19 harvests, in olive orchards of different cultivars in the municipalities of Pelotas and Rio Grande, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Population dynamics of P. forficifera varied according to the agricultural season, the months sampled, and the orchards (sites) evaluated. The highest infestation reached around 60% of the shoots in some months, depending on the orchard evaluated. During the pest infestation period, the occurrence of the egg parasitoid Trichogramma foersteri Takahashi, 2021 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) was observed along with three larval parasitoids belonging to the genera Dolichogenidea Viereck, 1911, Hymenochaonia Dalla Torre, 1898 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Temelucha Förster, 1869 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Temelucha hilux Gauld, 2000 is recorded for the first time in association with a host, and its distribution in the country is extended to the southern region, from Brazil. Due to the scarcity of information on pest management, the natural occurrence of natural enemies in crops is of paramount importance in helping to manage P. forficifera in the field. The population dynamics of P. forficifera is also influenced by the parasitoid community, made up of at least four species of parasitic Hymenoptera. Therefore, strategies aimed at managing P. forficifera must be well developed in order to maintain and increase natural biological control in the field. Munroe 195 Lepidoptera (Lepidoptera Crambidae Olea L L. Oleaceae difficult P systems May 201718 2017 18 2017/1 201819 2018 19 2018/1 harvests season sampled sites (sites evaluated 60 period Takahashi 202 Hymenoptera (Hymenoptera Trichogrammatidae Viereck 1911 Torre 189 Braconidae Förster 186 Ichneumonidae. Ichneumonidae . Ichneumonidae) Gauld 200 host region field community Therefore 20171 201 1 2017/ 20181 2018/ 6 20 191 2

Resumo Palpita forficifera Munroe, 1959 (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) é a principal praga da oliveira (Olea europaea L., Oleaceae) no Brasil e seu manejo é dificil, pois há poucos produtos recomendados para seu controle. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a flutuação populacional de P. forficifera e avaliar os parasitoides de ovos e lagartas associados à praga em três olivais conduzidos sob diferentes sistemas de cultivo no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. O estudo foi realizado entre outubro e maio, nas safras de 2017/18 e 2018/19, em pomares de oliveira de diferentes cultivares nos municípios de Pelotas e Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. A dinâmica populacional de P. forficifera variou em função da safra agrícola, dos meses amostrados e dos pomares (locais) avaliados. A maior infestação alcançou cerca de 60% das brotações em alguns meses, dependendo do pomar avaliado. Durante o período de infestação da praga, foi observada a ocorrência do parasitoide de ovos Trichogramma foersteri Takahashi, 2021 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) juntamente com três parasitoides larvais pertencentes aos gêneros Dolichogenidea Viereck, 1911 e Hymenochaonia Dalla Torre, 1898 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) e Temelucha Förster, 1869 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Temelucha hilux Gauld, 2000 é registrado pela primeira vez em associação a um hospedeiro e sua distribuição no país é estendida para a região Sul do Brasil. Devido à escassez de informações sobre o manejo da praga, a ocorrência natural de inimigos naturais nos cultivos agrícolas é de suma importância para auxiliar no manejo da P. forficifera a campo. A dinâmica populacional de P. forficifera é influenciada também, pela comunidade de parasitoides, formada por no mínimo quatro espécies de himenópteros parasitoides. Assim, estratégias direcionadas para o manejo da P. forficifera devem ser bem elaboradas para manter e aumentar o controle biológico natural a campo. Munroe 195 Lepidoptera (Lepidoptera Crambidae Olea L L. Oleaceae dificil P maio 201718 2017 18 2017/1 201819 2018 19 2018/19 agrícola locais (locais avaliados 60 avaliado Takahashi 202 Hymenoptera (Hymenoptera Trichogrammatidae Viereck 191 Torre 189 Braconidae Förster 186 Ichneumonidae. Ichneumonidae . Ichneumonidae) Gauld 200 campo também Assim 20171 201 1 2017/ 20181 2018/1 6 20 2018/ 2