ABSTRACT: The dentistry career of the Universidad de La Frontera since its inception, has stood out for its emphasis on public health and prevention, experiencing several adjustments in its curriculum and identifying as main axes in the training in Dentistry: the Mention in Prevention and the Updating of National Standards in higher education. On the other hand, from the year 2023 to date, the career is in the fourth process of self-evaluation, awaiting the visit of peer evaluators and also in a process of Curricular Redesign from 2021 to the present, which is in advanced stages; both processes are aligned with the Educational Model of the UFRO. In relation to the various high impact methodologies, the career has implemented some of these in its various curricular lines, such as inverted classroom, problem-based learning, learning plus service and simulation, integrating theory and practice in the learning processes of the students of the career. In short, the importance of continually updating teaching methods and content in order to remain at the forefront of dental education is emphasized.

RESUMEN: La carrera de Odontología de la Universidad de La Frontera desde su inicio, ha destacado por su énfasis en la salud pública y la prevención, experimentando diversos ajustes en su Plan de Estudios e identificándose como ejes principales en la formación en Odontología: la Mención en Prevención y la Actualización de los Estándares nacionales en educación superior. Por otro lado, desde el año 2023 a la fecha, la carrera se encuentra en el cuarto proceso de autoevaluación, a la espera de la visita de los pares evaluadores y, además, en un proceso de Rediseño Curricular desde el año 2021 a la actualidad, el que se encuentra en etapas avanzadas; ambos procesos están alineados con el Modelo Educativo de la UFRO. En relación a las diversas metodologías de alto impacto, la carrera ha implementado algunas de estas en sus diversas líneas curriculares, tales como, aula invertida, aprendizaje basado en problemas, aprendizaje más servicio y simulación, integrando la teoría y práctica en los procesos de aprendizaje del estudiantado de la carrera. En definitiva, se destaca la importancia de actualizar continuamente los métodos y contenidos de enseñanza para mantenerse a la vanguardia en la formación odontológica.

Climate change has disrupted economies and continues to affect lives in several communities and countries. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 13.3 urges all nations to take urgent action to combat climate change. Therefore, education is crucial in promoting climate change action because it helps people reduce their impacts and empowers them to mitigate and adapt to climate change. Currently, literature on the barriers and opportunities in implementing climate change education in South African secondary schools is limited. This study is based on the teacher training conducted by Fundisa for Change using the Teaching Climate Change manual. Archer's (1995) morphogenesis theory was used to understand the barriers and opportunities in implementing climate change education in secondary schools in South Africa. Data were gathered through document analysis and semi-structured interviews with Fundisa for Change teacher participants and with Department of Basic Education officials in Gauteng Province, South Africa, and analysed using a thematic analysis approach. The study found the following opportunities in implementing climate change education: (I) climate change topics are included in the South African national geography curriculum in the Further Education and Training phase, (2) the participating teachers exhibited adequate knowledge of environmental sustainability education, and (3) common research tasks administered require learners to apply knowledge of climate change. However, schools are supplied with lesson plans, tests, and examinations that act as barriers to implementing climate change education, hindering teachers' agency.

Tradicionalmente, cursos de Graduação em Odontologia apresentavam modelo tradicional de ensino, adepto ao paradigma biomédico e à formação de competências para atuação no setor privado. Por meio do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), estratégias foram propostas para favorecer mudanças no processo formativo, coerentes com as necessidades da população e do SUS. O artigo relata a experiência de um curso de Odontologia com a implementação do estágio curricular “Compreensão Social em Saúde” nos períodos iniciais do curso, desenvolvido em diferentes equipamentos sociais, transcendendo os espaços usuais das instituições de saúde como cenários de prática. A experiência dos discentes foi avaliada mediante relatórios descritivos e roda de conversa. As conclusões quanto ao impacto do estágio na formação dos estudantes apontam maior compreensão do contexto social, sensibilização às desigualdades sociais, empatia e conscientização sobre o papel do profissional de saúde na sociedade.

Tradicionalmente, los cursos de graduación en Odontología presentaban un modelo tradicional de enseñanza adepto al paradigma biomédico y la formación de competencias para la actuación en el sector privado. A partir del Sistema Brasileño de Salud (SUS) se propusieron estrategias para favorecer cambios en el proceso formativo, coherentes con las necesidades de la población y del SUS. El artículo relata la experiencia de un curso de Odontología con la implantación de la pasantía curricular “Comprensión Social en Salud” en los períodos iniciales del curso, desarrollado en diferentes equipos sociales, transcendiendo los espacios usuales de las instituciones de salud como escenario de práctica. La experiencia de los discentes se evaluó por medio de informe descriptivos y ruedas de conversación. Las conclusiones con relación al impacto de la pasantía en la formación de los estudiantes, señala una mayor comprensión del contexto social, sensibilización con relación a las desigualdades sociales, empatía y concienciación sobre el papel del profesional de salud en la sociedad.

Historically, dentistry degrees have adopted a traditional teaching approach underpinned by the biomedical paradigm and the development of competencies tailored to the private sector. With the creation of the Brazilian National Health System (SUS), strategies have been proposed to promote changes in the education and training process in keeping with the needs of the population and the SUS. This article describes the experience of a dentistry degree that includes the curricular internship “Social Understanding in Health” at the beginning of the course undertaken in different types of social facilities, transcending the usual health facility practice settings. Students’ experiences were assessed using descriptive reports and talking circles. The findings regarding the impact of the internship on student training and development reveal a greater understanding of the social context, sensitization to social inequalities, empathy and awareness regarding the role health professionals play in society.

Resumo Objetivo: reconhecer as implicações dos conflitos bioéticos que surgem na prática clínica odontológica durante a graduação. Metodologia: A partir de uma abordagem qualitativa, investigamos experiências vivenciadas por estudantes, durante o percurso formativo da clínica odontológica, nas quais surgiram conflitos ou dilemas bioéticos. Participaram estudantes do ciclo profissional da carreira odontológica da Universidade Nacional de Córdoba, foram realizadas entrevistas em profundidade. O método comparativo constante foi aplicado para construir teoria sobre a dinâmica bioética implícita nas práticas clínicas odontológicas durante a graduação. Resultados: durante a prática clínica, os estudantes enfrentam situações de implicação ética, com pouco domínio teórico e metodológico, sendo resolvidas por acaso ou pela priorização de demandas acadêmicas. Conclusões: É necessário fortalecer a formação integral dos médicos dentistas, incluindo análise e reflexão numa perspectiva bioética.

Abstract Objective: recognize the implications of bioethical conflicts that arise in dental clinic practice during undergraduate training. Methodology: From a qualitative approach, we investigated experiences lived by students, during the training path of dental clinical practice, in which bioethical conflicts or dilemmas have arisen. Students from the professional cycle of the dentistry degree at the National University of Córdoba participated, and in-depth interviews were carried out. The constant comparative method was applied to build theory on the bioethical dynamics implicit in dental clinical practices during undergraduate training. Results: during clinical practice, students face situations of ethical implication, with little theoretical and methodological mastery, so they are resolved by chance or by prioritizing academic demands. Conclusions: It is necessary to strengthen the comprehensive training of dentists, including analysis and reflection from a bioethical perspective.

Resumen Objetivo: Reconocer las implicancias de conflictos bioéticos que se presentan en la práctica de la clínica odontológica durante la formación de grado. Metodología: Desde un abordaje cualitativo se indaga sobre experiencias vivenciadas por estudiantes, durante el trayecto formativo de la práctica clínica odontológica, en las que se hayan planteado conflictos o dilemas bioéticos. Participaron estudiantes, del ciclo profesional de la carrera de odontología de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, y se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad. Se aplicó el método comparativo constante, para construir teoría sobre la dinámica bioética implícita en las prácticas clínicas odontológicas durante la formación de grado. Resultados: Los estudiantes durante la práctica clínica enfrentan situaciones de implicancia ética, con escaso dominio teórico y metodológico, por lo que las mismas se resuelven de manera fortuita o priorizando la exigencia académica. Conclusiones: Es necesario fortalecer la formación integral de los odontólogos, incluyendo el análisis y la reflexión desde la perspectiva bioética.

In order to extract hesperidin from Citrus aurantium L. through green and efficient ways, a novel method based on deep eutectic solvent (DES) assisted extraction has been developed. Compared to known alkali extraction and acid precipitation or organic solvent (ethanol, methanol) extraction, this new DES system of choline chloride/diethanolamine (DES-14) method exhibited excellent extraction efficiency for hesperidin. Under optimal conditions, the extraction yield of hesperidin reached 6.26 ± 0.05%. Further studies with infrared spectroscopy, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, and density functional theory showed the DES-14 was formed mainly through the interaction of H-bond and van der Waals forces. In addition, scanning electron microscopy and density functional theory revealed the strong dissolving capacity, and the H-bond formation between DES-14 and hesperidin, as well as van der Waals forces all contributed to efficient extraction of hesperidin. The results provide a new strategy for efficient extraction and utilization of hesperidin in Citrus.

Resumen El propósito de este artículo es examinar los ciclos económicos en Colombia y corroborar empíricamente el cumplimiento de nueve hechos estilizados documentados en la literatura internacional especializada. Para ello, se analizó la serie retropolada 1975-2013 y la serie 2005:1-2022:4 del Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE), empleando el filtro Hodrick-Prescott. Así pues, se registra la ocurrencia de cuatro ciclos económicos entre 1975 y 2013, con una duración de 9.3 años en promedio, con una fase expansiva de 5.0 años y una fase contractiva de 5.3 años. De igual modo, entre 2005:1 y 2022:4 se registraron tres ciclos con una duración de 21.7 trimestres en promedio, con una fase expansiva de 14.7 trimestres y una fase contractiva de 7.0 trimestres. Habría que decir también, que las fluctuaciones cíclicas del empleo y del desempleo guardan una relación estrecha con la demanda efectiva y la demanda interna en concordancia con la teoría keynesiana; por ejemplo, la correlación positiva entre el ciclo del PIB real y el ciclo del deflactor implícito del PIB sugiere que los ciclos no se debieron a desplazamientos de la función de producción agregada como subraya la teoría dominante, sino a desplazamientos de la función de demanda agregada. JEL: E30; E32; E60; E61; E69

Abstract The purpose of this article is to examine the economic cycles in Colombia and to empirically corroborate the fulfillment of nine stylized facts documented in the specialized international literature. For this purpose, the retropolated series 1975-2013 and the series 2005:1-2022:4 of the National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE) were analyzed using the Hodrick-Prescott filter. Thus, the occurrence of four economic cycles is recorded between 1975 and 2013 with an average duration of 9.3 years with an expansionary phase of 5.0 years and a contractionary phase of 5.3 years. Similarly, between 2005:1 and 2022:4 there were three cycles with an average duration of 21.7 quarters, with an expansionary phase of 14.7 quarters and a contractionary phase of 7.0 quarters. It should also be said that the cyclical fluctuations of employment and unemployment are closely related to effective demand and domestic demand in accordance with Keynesian theory; for example, the positive correlation between the real GDP cycle and the implicit GDP deflator cycle suggests that the cycles were not due to shifts in the aggregate production function as the dominant theory stresses, but to shifts in the aggregate demand function. JEL: E30; E32; E60; E61; E69

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é examinar os ciclos de negócios na Colômbia e corroborar empiricamente o cumprimento de nove fatos estilizados documentados na literatura internacional especializada. Para isso, foram analisadas as séries retropoladas de 1975-2013 e as séries de 2005:1-2022:4 do Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estatística (DANE), usando o filtro Hodrick-Prescott. Assim, a ocorrência de quatro ciclos econômicos é registrada entre 1975 e 2013, com duração média de 9,3 anos, com uma fase de expansão de 5,0 anos e uma fase de contração de 5,3 anos. Da mesma forma, entre 2005:1 e 2022:4, houve três ciclos com duração média de 21,7 trimestres, com uma fase de expansão de 14,7 trimestres e uma fase de contração de 7,0 trimestres. Deve-se observar também que as flutuações cíclicas no emprego e no desemprego estão intimamente relacionadas à demanda efetiva e à demanda doméstica, de acordo com a teoria keynesiana; por exemplo, a correlação positiva entre o ciclo do PIB real e o ciclo do deflator implícito do PIB sugere que os ciclos não se deveram a mudanças na função de produção agregada, conforme enfatizado pela teoria convencional, mas a mudanças na função de demanda agregada. JEL:E30; E32; E60; E61; E69

Resumo O texto tem como objetivo destacar a reciprocidade que é intrínseca à natureza interdisciplinar dos estudos em Direito e Literatura, ao demonstrar que, assim como a interlocução com as obras literárias e com a teoria da literatura propicia re-pensar o Direito, o Direito produz influxos no campo da literatura, e tais influxos também merecem ser objeto de investigação. Para tanto, tendo como pano de fundo o papel da literatura no processo de construção imaginária da identidade nacional, são analisadas as representações do indígena brasileiro que, em distintos períodos literários - do séc. XVI à década de 1950 -, foram produzidas por escritores pertencentes a uma elite cultural eurocêntrica, e examinado o arcabouço legal que, a partir da promulgação da Constituição Federal de 1988, favoreceu a produção literária de autoria indígena. Com tal percurso, busca-se explicitar que os avanços promovidos no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro produziram efeitos significativos na produção e na circulação da literatura propriamente indígena, bem como no reconhecimento de seu valor cultural.

Abstract The text aims to highlight the reciprocity that is intrinsic to the interdisciplinary nature of studies in Law and Literature, by demonstrating that, just as the dialogue with literary works and the theory of literature allows us to rethink Law, Law also produces influences in the field of literature, and such influxes also deserve to be the subject of investigation. To this end, having as a backdrop the role of literature in the process of imaginary construction of the national identity, the research analyses representations of Brazilian indigenous produced in distinct periods - from the XVI century to the 1950s - by writers belonging to a Eurocentric cultural elite, and examines the legal framework that, after the promulgation of the 1988 Federal Constitution, favored literary production by indigenous authors. With this path, we seek to explain that the advances promoted in the Brazilian legal system have produced significant effects on the production and circulation of indigenous literature, as well as on the recognition of its cultural value.

RESUMEN Introducción: el profesor Alcides Sagarra Carón, realizó una amplia labor educativa desde sus inicios como entrenador principal de la selección nacional de boxeo y líder del grupo técnico que lo acompañó en la preparación técnico-táctica de sus pupilos sin desviarse de la idea e importancia de la formación en valores de sus boxeadores que tantos logros brindaron al país en eventos internacionales. Los conceptos paulatinamente implementados dentro del plantel nacional fueron dando los primeros pasos que condujeron y contribuyeron a la formación de la llamada Escuela Cubana de Boxeo, reconocida y admirada internacionalmente. Objetivo: valorar el aporte de profesor Alcides Sagarra a la formación y dirección de los boxeadores cubanos desde su concepción educativa. Destacar sus aportes a la Escuela Cubana de ese deporte y al deporte cubano en general a partir de la sistematización de sus principales ideas, experiencias, acciones y concepciones sobre la teoría y la práctica educativa, contenidas en su obra. Materiales y métodos: el uso de entrevistas en combinación con otros métodos de nivel teórico como el histórico/lógico, análisis/síntesis e inductivo/deductivo permitió la construcción de una cronología de la vida y periodización de la obra de Alcides Sagarra Carón. Resultados: se identificaron los procederes y estrategias que le permitieron estructurar científica y metodológicamente la Escuela Cubana de Boxeo, la formación y gestión de los recursos humanos de la Escuela Cubana de boxeo siendo reconocido como el padre de la Escuela Cubana de Boxeo. Conclusiones: la realización de este trabajo permitió acercarnos un poco más a la figura de Alcides Sagarra y sobre todo a sus métodos de enseñanza en función de garantizar la gestión de sus recursos humanos.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Professor Alcides Sagarra Carón carried out extensive educational work since his beginnings as the head coach of the national boxing team and leader of the technical group that accompanied him in the technical-tactical preparation of his pupils without deviating from the idea and importance of training in values of his boxers who brought so many achievements to the country in international events. The concepts gradually implemented within the national team were taking the first steps that led and contributed to the formation of the so-called Cuban Boxing School, recognized and admired internationally. Objective: to assess the contribution of Professor Alcides Sagarra to the training and direction of Cuban boxers from his educational conception. To highlight his contributions to the Cuban School of that sport and to Cuban sport in general from the systematization of his main ideas, experiences, actions and conceptions on educational theory and practice, contained in his work. Materials and methods: the use of interviews in combination with other theoretical level methods such as historical/logical, analysis/synthesis and inductive/deductive allowed the construction of a chronology of the life and periodization of the work of Alcides Sagarra Carón. Results: the procedures and strategies that allowed him to scientifically and methodologically structure the Cuban Boxing School, the training and management of human resources of the Cuban Boxing School, being recognized as the father of the Cuban Boxing School, were identified. Conclusões: a realização deste trabalho permitiu-nos aproximar-nos um pouco mais da figura de Alcides Sagarra e sobretudo dos seus métodos de ensino de forma a garantir a gestão dos seus recursos humanos.

RESUMO Introdução: O professor Alcides Sagarra Carón, realizou um extenso trabalho educativo desde o seu início como técnico da seleção nacional de boxe e líder do grupo técnico que o acompanhou na preparação técnico-tática de seus alunos, sem se desviar da ideia e importância do treinando nos valores de seus boxeadores que tantas conquistas trouxeram ao país em eventos internacionais. Os conceitos gradualmente implementados na seleção nacional foram dando os primeiros passos que conduziram e contribuíram para a formação da chamada Escola Cubana de Boxe, reconhecida e admirada internacionalmente. Objetivo: valorizar a contribuição do professor Alcides Sagarra para a formação e direção dos boxeadores cubanos desde sua concepção educacional. Destacar suas contribuições à Escola Cubana desse esporte e ao esporte cubano em geral a partir da sistematização de suas principais ideias, experiências, ações e concepções sobre teoria e prática educacional, contidas em sua obra. Materiais e métodos: a utilização de entrevistas em combinação com outros métodos de nível teórico como histórico/lógico, análise/síntese e indutivo/dedutivo permitiu a construção de uma cronologia da vida e periodização da obra de Alcides Sagarra Carón. Resultados: foram identificados os procedimentos e estratégias que lhe permitiram estruturar científica e metodologicamente a Escola Cubana de Boxe, a formação e gestão dos recursos humanos da Escola Cubana de Boxe, sendo reconhecido como o pai da Escola Cubana de Boxe.

Resumen La gestión de la formación doctoral en la universidad cubana ha sido un proceso complejo, que ha transitado por diferentes enfoques de gestión. El Ministerio de Educación Superior, con el órgano asesor de la Comisión Nacional de Grados Científicos, trazó la política y estableció las normativas legales y metodológicas para gestionar la formación doctoral; sin embargo, las universidades y centros de investigación autorizados han gestionado este proceso de manera diferente y no siempre se lograron los estándares de calidad requeridos, por lo que este trabajo tuvo como objetivo fundamentar la gestión integral de la formación doctoral en la universidad cubana. Los pilares teóricos se basaron en las dimensiones, subdimensiones e indicadores y en la dinámica del ciclo directivo de la teoría de la gestión integral de procesos universitarios. Asimismo, se establecieron los principios de la gestión de la formación doctoral y los contenidos de las dimensiones y subdimensiones de la gestión universitaria, con énfasis en lo pedagógico. Como conclusión general, se fundamentó desde la teoría y la práctica la gestión integral de la formación doctoral en la universidad cubana, contextualizado a las actuales condiciones socio-laborales y económicas de Cuba. El trabajo aporta los fundamentos teórico-metodológicos para gestionar la formación doctoral en la universidad cubana, lo que constituye un resultado del proyecto de investigación, desarrollo e innovación Gestión del proceso de formación doctoral y su internacionalización, con código PS223LH001-064, asociado al programa sectorial Educación Superior y Desarrollo Sostenible, del Ministerio de Educación Superior de Cuba.

Abstract The management of doctoral training in Cuban universities has been a complex process, which has gone through different management approaches. The Ministry of Higher Education, with the advisory body of the National Commission for Scientific Degrees, established the policy and legal and methodological regulations for managing doctoral training; however, the universities and research institutes have managed this process differently and the required quality standards were not always achieved, Therefore, this work aimed to establish the integral management of doctoral training at the Cuban university. The theoretical pillars were based on dimensions, sub-dimensions and indicators and on the dynamics of the management cycle of the theory of integral management of university processes. The principles of management of doctoral training and the contents of the dimensions and sub-dimensions of university management, with emphasis on pedagogy, were also established. As a general conclusion, the integral management of doctoral training at the Cuban university was based on theory and practice, contextualized to the current social, labor and economic conditions in Cuba. The work provides theoretical and methodological foundations for managing doctoral training at the Cuban university, which is a result of the research, development and innovation project with code PS223LH001-064, associated with the Higher Education and Sustainable Development sectoral program of the Ministry of Higher Education of Cuba.

Resumo A gestão da formação de doutores nas universidades cubanas tem sido um processo complexo, que passou por diferentes abordagens de gestão. O Ministério de Educação Superior, com o órgão assessor da Comissão Nacional de Graus Científicos, elaborou a política e estabeleceu as normas legais e metodológicas para a gestão da formação de doutores; no entanto, as universidades e os centros de pesquisa autorizados gerenciaram esse processo de forma diferente e nem sempre foram alcançados os padrões de qualidade exigidos, de modo que este trabalho teve como objetivo fornecer uma base para a gestão integrada da formação de doutores nas universidades cubanas. Os pilares teóricos foram baseados nas dimensões, subdimensiones e indicadores e na dinâmica do ciclo diretivo da teoria da gestão integral dos processos universitários. Da mesma forma, foram estabelecidos os princípios da gestão da formação de doutores e os conteúdos das dimensões e subdimensiones da gestão universitária, com ênfase na pedagogia. Como conclusão geral, a gestão integral da formação de doutores na universidade cubana foi baseada na teoria e na prática, contextualizada nas atuais condições sociolaborais e econômicas de Cuba. O trabalho fornece as bases teóricas e metodológicas para a gestão da formação de doutores nas universidades cubanas, resultado do projeto de pesquisa, desenvolvimento e inovação Gestão do processo de formação de doutores e sua internacionalização, código PS223LH001-064, associado ao programa setorial Educação Superior e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, do Ministério da Educação Superior de Cuba.

Abstract Introduction. The network of cattle mobilization for fattening in Mexico is complex. The purpose, volume, origin, and destination of the mobilized animals determine the economic structure and market network. Objective. To analyze the market structure of the national network of cattle for fattening in Mexico from 2017 to 2021. Materials and methods. The study considered all heads of cattle mobilized for fattening in 956 municipalities (supply) and 1173 destination municipalities (demand) within Mexico from 2017 to 2021. The market structure was analyzed using economic, density, and centrality measures from Social Network Analysis (SNA). Results. The network of cattle mobilization for fattening was composed of 31 sources and 32 destinations, with an average annual mobilization of of 3.9 million heads of cattle and 73.6 heads of cattle per mobilization. The most important states in cattle mobilization, both in origin and destination, were Chiapas and Durango. In all cattle sources and destinations, there was a high concentration of fattening steers, as they had low centrality and density measures throughout the network. Veracruz and Durango were the most influential both in origin and destination. Conclusions. The cattle fattening market network in Mexico has a structure with high density and low centrality. The degree of specialization, both in sources and destinations, is low. Supply is concentrated in the southeast, while demand is concentrated in the north and center of the country. This information allows the establishment of three networks: sanitary prevention, cattle traceability, and market information.

Resumen Introducción. La red de movilización de ganado bovino para engorda en México es compleja. El motivo, volumen, origen y destino de los animales movilizados, determinan la estructura económica y red de mercado. Objetivo. Analizar la estructura de mercado de la red nacional de bovinos para engorda en México de 2017 a 2021. Materiales y métodos. El estudio consideró todas las cabezas de ganado movilizado para engorda en 956 municipios de origen (oferta) y 1173 municipios de destino (demanda) dentro de México del año 2017 a 2021. La estructura del mercado se analizó con medidas económicas, de densidad y centralidad del Análisis de Redes Sociales (ARS). Resultados. La red de movilización de bovinos para engorda se conformó con 31 orígenes y 32 destinos, un promedio anual de 3,9 millones de cabezas de ganado bovino movilizadas y 73,6 cabezas de ganado por movilización. Los Estados más importantes en la movilización de ganado, en origen y destino, fueron Chiapas y Durango. En todos los orígenes y destinos del ganado se encontró una alta concentración de novillo para engorda, porque tuvieron medidas de centralidad y densidad bajas de toda la red. Tanto en origen como en destino Veracruz y Durango fueron los más influyentes. Conclusiones. La red de mercado de bovinos para engorda en México tiene una estructura con alta densidad y baja centralidad. El grado de especialización, tanto de orígenes y destinos, es bajo. La oferta se concentra en el sureste y la demanda en el norte y centro del país. Esta información permite establecer tres redes: prevención sanitaria, trazabilidad del ganado e información de mercados.

Resumen Introducción: El dolor del trabajo de parto emerge como una experiencia compleja y multifactorial, destacándose como uno de los factores que puede causar un mayor impacto en la vivencia del parto. Establecer una estrategia adecuada para su control refleja no solo un deber ético de los profesionales de la salud, sino también un derecho de las parturientas. Entre los métodos no farmacológicos que pueden integrarse en el momento del trabajo de parto, emerge la aromaterapia, promotora del bienestar físico, mental y espiritual. Objetivo: Mapear la evidencia científica sobre los beneficios de la aromaterapia en el alivio del dolor del trabajo de parto. Metodología: Scoping Review realizada de acuerdo con la metodología PRISMA-ScR, los criterios de elegibilidad sugeridos por el método Joanna Briggs Institute y la mnemónica PCC: población, concepto y contexto. La búsqueda se realizó en las bases de datos National Library of Medicine (PubMed), CINAHL Complete, MEDLINE Complete, Nursing & Allied Health Collection: Comprehensive, MedicLatina, Biblioteca do Conhecimento Online (B-On) y Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). Se incluyeron estudios publicados en portugués e inglés, con un límite temporal de 2022-2024. Los artículos identificados se organizaron en Rayyan®, dos revisores independientes evaluaron la relevancia de los artículos, la extracción y síntesis de los datos. Resultados: Doce artículos se incluyeron en la revisión. Después del análisis, surgieron 4 temas: tipos de aceites esenciales utilizados en la aromaterapia para el alivio del dolor durante el trabajo de parto; métodos de implementación de la aromaterapia durante el trabajo de parto; beneficios de la aromaterapia durante el trabajo de parto; duración del efecto de la aromaterapia a lo largo del trabajo de parto. Conclusión: La presente revisión destaca el potencial de la aromaterapia como un enfoque no farmacológico para el alivio del dolor durante el trabajo de parto o como práctica integrativa y complementaria, debido a su facilidad de uso, seguridad y bajo costo. Además del alivio del dolor, la aromaterapia también se ha asociado con otros beneficios, como la reducción del estrés y la ansiedad de las parturientas, una potencial disminución en la duración del trabajo de parto e incluso un aumento en la disposición para iniciar la lactancia materna después del parto, sin que se registren efectos secundarios para el recién nacido.

Resumo Introdução: A dor do trabalho de parto emerge como uma experiência complexa e multifatorial, destacando-se como um dos fatores que pode causar maior impacto na vivência do parto. Estabelecer uma estratégia adequada ao seu controlo reflete não apenas um dever ético dos profissionais de saúde, mas também um direito das parturientes. De entre os métodos não farmacológicos passíveis de serem integrados no momento do trabalho de parto, emerge a aromaterapia, promotora do bem-estar físico, mental e espiritual. Objetivo: Mapear a evidência científica acerca dos benefícios da aromaterapia no alívio da dor do trabalho de parto. Metodologia: Scoping Review realizada de acordo com a metodologia PRISMA-ScR, os critérios de elegibilidade sugeridos pelo método Joanna Briggs Institute e a mnemónica PCC: população, conceito e contexto. A pesquisa foi realizada nas bases de dados National Library of Medicine (PubMed), CINAHL Complete, MEDLINE Complete, Nursing & Allied Health Collection: Comprehensive, MedicLatina, Biblioteca do Conhecimento Online (B-On) e Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). Estudos publicados em português e inglês foram incluídos, com o limite temporal 2022-2024. Os artigos identificados foram organizados no Rayyan®, dois revisores independentes avaliaram a relevância dos artigos, extração e síntese dos dados. Resultados: Doze artigos foram incluídos na revisão. Após a análise dos mesmos emergiram 4 temas: tipos de óleos essenciais usados na aromaterapia para alívio da dor durante o trabalho de parto; métodos de implementação da aromaterapia durante o trabalho de parto; benefícios da aromaterapia durante o trabalho de parto; duração do efeito da aromaterapia ao longo do trabalho de parto. Conclusão: A presente revisão destaca o potencial da aromaterapia como uma abordagem não farmacológica para alívio da dor durante o trabalho de parto ou como prática integrativa e completar, devido à facilidade de uso, segurança e baixo custo. Além do alívio da dor, a aromaterapia também foi associada a outros benefícios, como a redução do stresse e ansiedade das parturientes, uma potencial diminuição na duração do trabalho de parto e até um aumento na prontidão para iniciar a amamentação após o parto, sem que se registassem efeitos colaterais para o recém-nascido.

Abstract Introduction: Labor pain emerges as a complex and multifactorial experience, standing out as one of the factors that can have a significant impact on the childbirth experience. Establishing an adequate strategy for its control reflects not only an ethical duty of healthcare professionals but also a right of parturients. Among the non-pharmacological methods that can be integrated during labor, aromatherapy emerges as a promoter of physical, mental, and spiritual well-being. Objective: To map the scientific evidence regarding the benefits of aromatherapy in relieving labor pain. Methodology: The Scoping Review was conducted following the PRISMA-ScR methodology, the eligibility criteria suggested by the Joanna Briggs Institute method, and the PCC mnemonic: population, concept, and context. The search was performed in the databases of the National Library of Medicine (PubMed), CINAHL Complete, MEDLINE Complete, Nursing & Allied Health Collection: Comprehensive, MedicLatina, Biblioteca do Conhecimento Online (B-On), and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). Studies published in Portuguese and English were included, with a time limit of 2022-2024. The identified articles were organized in Rayyan®, and two independent reviewers assessed the relevance of the articles extracted and synthesized the data. Results: Twelve articles were included in the review. After analyzing them, 4 themes emerged: types of essential oils used in aromatherapy for pain relief during labor, methods of implementing aromatherapy during labor, benefits of aromatherapy during labor, and duration of the effects of aromatherapy throughout labor. Conclusion: The present review highlights the potential of aromatherapy as a non-pharmacological approach for pain relief during labor or as an integrative and complementary practice due to its ease of use, safety, and low cost. In addition to pain relief, aromatherapy has also been associated with other benefits, such as reducing the stress and anxiety of laboring women, a potential decrease in the duration of labor, and even an increase in readiness to initiate breastfeeding after delivery without any recorded side effects for the newborn.

This article is located within current debates on engaged science and learning in higher education, with emphasis on types of learning emerging from engaged sustainability science, and associated contributions to debates on decoloniality in higher education. In particular, the article deliberates how a focus on sustainability science practised as place-based transgressive learning can add to debates on decoloniality in higher education. Through analysis of two case studies, we propose that co-engaged place-based research and learning emerges as a form of multi-loop, transgressive learning that offers possibilities for advancing understanding of decolonising learning processes, at least in those parts of the higher education system where the learning and sustainability sciences meet. This is offered as an approach to deepen science engagement in contemporary African contexts. SIGNIFICANCE: The article offers insight into how science engagement practised as place-based, transgressive learning can contribute to decolonisation of higher education, especially through learning processes. It draws on insight from the learning sciences (notably Bateson's work on single, double and triple loop learning, but also theory from decolonial, expansive and transgressive learning) and shows how this can deepen understandings of science engagement practised as place-based transgressive learning.

Evaluative research can advance sustainability education through the learning it can enable, at micro and systems levels. This proposition is explored by examining evaluation practice in a 6-year international programme entitled Transdisciplinary Education Collaboration for Transformations in Sustainability involving universities and biosphere reserves/regions in Germany, South Africa and Canada. A Transdisciplinary International Learning Lab (TILL) was evaluated using a theory-based evaluation approach and interviews, focus groups and questionnaires that yielded qualitative data. Through meta-reflection, we concluded that our TILL had elements of a Field School, rather than a Learning Lab, and that our curriculum required more explicit deliberation among programme developers and implementers towards a deeper and shared understanding of pedagogical assumptions and more congruent practice of transdisciplinary and transformative sustainability education. The reflective, theory-based approach enabled learning from evaluation and was captured in a shared refinement of the theory of change, which makes it explicit that learning from pedagogical innovations is not only for students but also for academics. The paper is an invitation to other innovators in sustainability science, education and evaluation in higher education, to share related findings. SIGNIFICANCE: Through evaluative research, educators gained insight into how transformative sustainability education and transdisciplinarity play out in practice, and how theory-based evaluation can inform more transformative programme design. As higher education practitioners collaborating across continents and disciplines for systemic change, we noted that transformative concepts do not immediately translate into transformative practices, unless we critically and collectively reflect on practice and outcomes. Such (meta) reflection requires data and purposefully designed evaluation frameworks-in-use. This idea is not new, but its manifestation in practice was illuminative and could also be of scholarly interest to other curriculum and evaluation designers.

The National Development Plan (NDP) advocates for the elimination of poverty, and the reduction of inequality by 2030. These goals can only be achieved if we harness the energies of the people, build an inclusive economy, develop skills, improve the capacity of the state and promote leadership and partnerships across society. This is to be achieved through transforming society more equitably and at the same time making the country more competitive in the global economic system. The article seeks to explore how institutions of higher learning can be transformed through the production of future professors with a developmental agenda. Therefore, the NDP advocates continuous professional development, lifelong learning and knowledge production, and innovation as a focus for building the capacity of individuals and society. The article employed the modernisation theory as a vehicle to drive social change and transformation in higher education. The article employed a systematic review of the literature on transformation and social change in higher education as advocated in the NDP. The findings of the article show that universal human development can be achieved by respecting human rights, promoting equality and empowering people to exercise the opportunities and choices they value in higher education. The article recommends that a structured interaction between lecturers and students within the context of transformative change and social justice should be prioritised in higher education. This can only be achieved through preparing the future professor with a developmental agenda to assist in shaping higher education by designing a curriculum that responds to the needs of the current cohort of students.

Resumen Este artículo versa sobre el contexto histórico y las características de funcionamiento de la Universidad de Buenos Aires entre los años 1958 y 1962, durante la presidencia de Arturo Frondizi a nivel nacional y del rectorado de su hermano Risieri Frondizi en la Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA). En especial, se describe y analiza a la teoría desarrollista en relación con lo sucedido en la UBA en el período de tiempo citado con el objetivo de evidenciar continuidades y rupturas entre ambos elementos. Este es un estudio de caso a través de los archivos de Sesiones del Concejo Superior de la Universidad, los Archivos de la Universidad de Buenos Aires y otras fuentes -primarias y secundarias- que permitieron complementar el abordaje.

Abstract This article deals with the historical context and the characteristics of the operation of the University of Buenos Aires between 1958 and 1962, during the presidency of Arturo Frondizi at the national level and the rectorate of his brother Risieri at the University of Buenos Aires. In particular, the development theory is described and analyzed in relation to what happened in the UBA in the aforementioned period of time with the aim of evidencing continuities and ruptures between both elements. This is a case study through the files of Sessions of the Superior Council of the University, the Archives of the University of Buenos Aires and other sources -primary and secondary- that allowed to complement the analysis carried out here.