RESUMEN En la Amazonía ecuatoriana, cada día son mayores los desafíos para la identificación de especies fitorremediadoras que disminuyan la contaminación por metales pesados producto de la actividad minera. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el potencial bioacumulador de metales pesados de tres especies forestales de rápido crecimiento (Ochroma pyramidale, Piptocoma discolor y Bambusa vulgaris) en un área de extracción minera, en la comunidad Yutzupino, Napo para la restauración. Se recolectaron muestras de hoja y suelo para determinar la concentración de metales pesados (Cd, Pb, Fe y Ni), mediante espectrometría de absorción atómica y se calculó el factor de bioconcentración (FBC). Los análisis foliares mostraron que B. vulgaris presentó mayor concentración de Ni (6,89 mg kg-1) y Fe (156,33 mg kg-1) y P. discolor contenía Cd (0,35 mg kg-1) y Pb (55,67 mg kg -1). Los análisis de suelos mostraron un patrón de variación en B. vulgaris superior en Cd, Ni y Pb y en O. pyramidale para Fe. El factor de bioconcentración permitió identificar la capacidad acumuladora de las especies, lo que sugiere que P. discolor puede ser utilizada como especie fitorremediadora para sitios contaminadas por Cd y Pb, O. pyramidale para Ni y B. vulgaris para Fe.

RESUMO Na Amazônia equatoriana, os desafios para a identificação de espécies de fitorremediação para reduzir a contaminação por metais pesados provenientes de atividades de mineração aumentam a cada dia. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial bioacumulativo de metais pesados de três espécies florestais de crescimento rápido (Ochroma pyramidale, Piptocoma discolor e Bambusa vulgaris) em uma área de extração de mineração na comunidade de Yutzupino, Napo, para restauração. Amostras de folhas e de solo foram coletadas para determinar a concentração de metais pesados (Cd, Pb, Fe e Ni) por espectrometria de absorção atômica e o fator de bioconcentração (BCF) foi calculado. A análise das folhas mostrou que a B. vulgaris tinha concentrações mais altas de Ni (6,89 mg kg-1) e Fe (156,33 mg kg-1) e a P. discolor continha Cd (0,35 mg kg-1) e Pb (55,67 mg kg -1). As análises do solo mostraram um padrão de variação em B. vulgaris maior em Cd, Ni e Pb e em O. pyramidale para Fe. O fator de bioconcentração identificou a capacidade de acumulação das espécies, sugerindo que P. discolor pode ser usada como uma espécie de fitorremediação para locais contaminados com Cd e Pb, O. pyramidale para Ni e B. vulgaris para Fe.

ABSTRACT In the Ecuadorian Amazon, the challenges for identifying, phytoremediation species that reduce heavy metal contamination resulting from mining activity are increasing every day. The objective of this work was to evaluate the bioaccumulator potential of heavy metals of three fast-growing forest species (Ochroma pyramidale, Piptocoma discolor and Bambusa vulgaris) in a mining extraction area, in the Yutzupino community, Napo for restoration. Leaf and soil samples were collected to determine the concentration of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Fe and Ni) using atomic absorption spectrometry and the bioconcentration factor (BCF) was calculated. Leaf analyzes showed that B. vulgaris presented a higher concentration of Ni (6.89 mg kg-1 ) and Fe (156.33 mg kg-1 ) and P. discolor contained Cd (0.35 mg kg-1 ) and Pb (55.67 mg kg -1 ). Soil analyzes showed a pattern of variation in B. vulgaris superior in Cd, Ni and Pb and in O. pyramidale for Fe. The bioconcentration factor allowed identifying the accumulating capacity of the species, which suggests that P. discolor may be used as a phytoremediation species for sites contaminated by Cd and Pb, O. pyramidale for Ni and B. vulgaris for Fe.

Abstract Pseudanos is a fish genus with cis-Andean distribution in South America. Pseudanos trimaculatus is originally known from the Amazon and Orinoco basins. Three decades ago, a few specimens collected in the Río de la Plata basin were identified as P. trimaculatus, what remained to be confirmed and understood. The aim of this contribution is to analyze these specimens. Consequently, the morphological variation of P. trimaculatus is discussed and updated. Morphometric and meristic data were taken from the specimens and compared with those of the type and non-type specimens of the species. Multivariate analyses of the size-corrected measurements were used to explore the morphological variation. Size-corrected PCA revealed that the specimens collected in the Río de la Plata basin nested with the remaining specimens, being slightly closer to those from the Guaporé, Napo and Uatumã rivers. Measurements such as caudal peduncle depth, body depth, and body width affected more heavily the first components. Cluster analysis did not show well-defined groups based on the hydrogeographic basins. The studied specimens from the Río de la Plata basin are herein confirmed as conspecific with P. trimaculatus. The species is added to the list of fish species shared between the Amazon and Río de la Plata basins. cisAndean cis Andean America basins ago P understood Consequently updated nontype non sizecorrected size corrected Sizecorrected Size Guaporé rivers depth components welldefined well defined

Resumen Introducción. La pérdida de nutrientes en diferentes coberturas de suelo, genera una disminución de la productividad en sistemas agroforestales en los bosques tropicales. Objetivo. Determinar el efecto durante dos años de la cobertura del suelo sobre la concentración de nutrientes en el agroecosistema del Centro Experimental de Investigación y Producción Amazónica. Materiales y métodos. El estudio se desarrolló en el Centro Experimental de Investigación y Producción Amazónica en Napo, Ecuador. Se establecieron dos parcelas de bosque primario con coberturas: a) guabas (Inga sp.) y b) melastomatáceas. Se realizaron dos muestreos aleatorios de suelo, uno en el año 2019 (cuatro muestras por cobertura) y otro en el año 2021 (seis muestras por cobertura), se analizaron las concentraciones de nitrógeno, fósforo, potasio, calcio y materia orgánica. Se aplicó un análisis de varianza para determinar diferencias significativas entre las coberturas y los períodos de muestreo. Se realizó un análisis de correlación de Pearson para determinar las relaciones entre las concentraciones de los diferentes nutrientes. Resultados. Se observaron diferencias significativas (p<0,05) para las coberturas de suelo en las concentraciones de materia orgánica y fósforo, que fueron mayores en la parcela con melastomatáceas. En el año 2021 se observaron diferencias significativas para las concentraciones de potasio, fósforo y nitrógeno. La interacción año x cobertura, en la cobertura guabas, mostró un incremento de concentración de nutrientes después de los dos años. Hubo correlaciones significativas entre las concentraciones de potasio con el resto de nutrientes y de la materia orgánica con el nitrógeno. Conclusión. La cobertura de suelo influyó sobre la concentración de nutrientes, que varió entre años. El bosque primario reportó la mayor pérdida de nutrientes y la cobertura de Inga tuvo un incremento en la concentración de estos con el paso del tiempo.

Abstract Introduction. Nutrient loss in different soil cover generates a decrease in productivity in agroforestry systems in tropical forests. Objective. To determine the effect of soil cover over a two-year period on nutrient concentrations in the agroecosystem of the Amazonian Research and Production Experimental Center. Materials and methods. This study was conducted at the Amazonian Research and Production Experimental Center in Napo, Ecuador. Two plots of primary forest were established with the following soil covers: a) guava (Inga sp.) and b) melastomataceae. Two random soil samplings were conducted, one in 2019 (four samples per cover) and another in 2021 (six samples per cover). Concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and organic matter were analyzed. An analysis of variance was applied to determine significant differences between the soil coverages and sampling periods. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to determine relationships between the concentrations of different nutrients. Results. Significant differences (p<0.05) were observed for soil covers in concentrations of organic matter and phosphorus, which were higher in the melastomataceae plot. In 2021, significant differences were observed for potassium, phosphorus, and nitrogen concentrations. The year x cover interaction in guava cover showed an increase in nutrient concentrations after two years. Significant correlations were found between potassium concentrations and the other nutrients, as well as between organic matter and nitrogen concentrations. Conclusion. Soil cover influenced nutrient concentrations, which varied between years. The primary forest exhibited the highest nutrient loss, and the Inga cover showed an increase in nutrient concentrations over time.

Resumen Introducción: Las enfermedades vectoriales son prevalentes en las regiones amazónica y costera de Ecuador. Sin embargo, hay una escasez de estudios de ecología de mosquitos en estas áreas. En el país se ha reportado 8 tribus, 22 géneros y 200 especies. Objetivos: Documentar las especies de Culicidae encontradas en el Parque Amazónico La Isla, Napo, Ecuador, incluyendo aquellas con importancia epidemiológica; y analizar su composición, abundancia y diversidad, enfocándose en los hábitats de las larvas durante los períodos seco y lluvioso. Métodos: Evaluamos diferentes hábitats larvarios, con la duración de la recolecta como criterio. Las trampas CDC y Shannon recolectaron mosquitos adultos durante los períodos seco y lluvioso. Evaluamos la riqueza de especies con curvas de acumulación y estimadores no paramétricos, mientras que determinamos la diversidad con los números de Hill. Además, utilizamos los índices de Berger-Parker y Pielou para evaluar la dominancia y la uniformidad de las especies. Realizamos análisis de conglomerados y la prueba ANOSIM para evaluar la similitud entre hábitats y estaciones, así como las diferencias en la composición taxonómica, respectivamente. Resultados: Recolectamos un total de 802 individuos de 15 especies y 4 unidades taxonómicas, 5 géneros y 4 tribus. Este podría ser el primer registro de Wyeomyia felicia Dyar & Núñez Tovar y Culex derivator Dyar & Knab en Ecuador. Además, la presencia de Culex dunni Dyar y Psorophora ferox von Humboldt (ambos potenciales vectores) se correlacionó con el aumento de las precipitaciones. Conclusiones: El aumento de la abundancia de mosquitos durante el periodo lluvioso indica un mayor riesgo de transmisión de patógenos. Sin embargo, la relación entre la cantidad de precipitaciones y los patrones de diversidad no está bien definida.

Abstract Introduction: Vector-borne diseases are prevalent in the Amazon and Coastal regions of Ecuador. However, there is a scarcity of mosquito ecology studies in these areas. The most recent list of species reported for the country comprises 8 tribes, 22 genera, and 200 species. Objectives: To document the Culicidae species found in La Isla Amazon Park, Napo, Ecuador, including those with epidemiological significance; and to analyze their composition, abundance, and diversity, focusing on larval habitats during the dry and rainy periods. Methods: We evaluated different larval habitats, considering collection duration as the primary criterion. We used CDC and Shannon traps to collect adult mosquitoes during both rainy and dry periods. To assess sampling effort, we used accumulation curves and non-parametric estimators of species richness, while we employed Hill numbers to determine diversity. Additionally, we used the Berger-Parker and Pielou indices to evaluate species dominance and evenness. We conducted cluster analysis and ANOSIM tests to assess the similarity between habitats and the differences in taxonomic composition between periods. Results: We collected a total of 802 individuals from 15 species and 4 taxonomic units, 5 genera, and 4 tribes. Notably, this may be the first records of Wyeomyia felicia Dyar & Núñez Tovar and Culex derivator Dyar & Knab from Ecuador. Additionally, the presence of Culex dunni Dyar and Psorophora ferox von Humboldt (both recognized as vectors) was correlated with increased rainfall. Conclusions: The abundance of mosquitoes, including potential vector species, increased during the rainy season, indicating a higher risk of pathogen transmission. However, the relationship between rainfall amount and diversity patterns is not well-defined.

In the present work, the AZ61 alloy, one of the most important commercial structural magnesium alloys, was anodized in three different alkaline electrolytes consisting of 3 M KOH + 0.15 M Na2SiO3 + 0.1 M Na2B4O7.10H2O, 3 M KOH + 0.5 M Na3PO4 and 3 M KOH + 0.50 M Na2SiO3. The treatment was conducted at two different current densities, 20 and 30 mA.cm-2 for 10 minutes. The anodized layers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The corrosion resistance was assessed by potentiodynamic polarization tests. The SCC behavior was studied using slow strain rate tests in 0.1 M NaCl solution at room temperature. Conventional tensile tests were also conducted in air. The susceptibility to SCC was dependent on the morphology of the anodized film. The composition of the electrolyte and the current density of the anodization treatment affected the SCC susceptibility of the AZ61 alloy. The best corrosion resistance and the lowest susceptibility to SCC were obtained for samples anodized in the borate-containing electrolyte at 30 mA.cm-2. The smooth and compact surface morphology of the anodized film obtained in this condition was the main reason for the improved SCC behavior of the AZ61 alloy. work AZ AZ6 alloy alloys 015 0 15 NaSiO Na SiO Na2SiO 01 1 0. Na2B4O710H2O NaBOHO Na2B4O7 10H2O B O H Na2B4O7.10H2O 05 5 NaPO PO Na3PO 050 50 densities 2 mA.cm2 mAcm2 mAcm mA.cm mA cm mA.cm- minutes microscopy Xray X ray spectroscopy temperature air boratecontaining borate containing mA.cm2. 2. NaBO Na2B4O HO cm2

ABSTRACT In this paper a new species of Diphya Nicolet, 1849, D. napo sp. nov. is described based on males and females from Ecuador. The female of Diphya bicolor Vellard, 1926 is described and illustrated for the first time and new records are presented. Oarces ornatus Mello-Leitão, 1935 and Azilia eximia (Mello-Leitão, 1940) are synonymized with D. bicolor, being A. eximia removed from the synonym of Azilia Keyserling, 1881 and being Cardimia Mello-Leitão, 1940 considered synonym of Diphya. Nicolet 1849 D sp nov Ecuador Vellard 192 presented MelloLeitão, MelloLeitão Mello Leitão, Leitão Mello-Leitão 193 (Mello-Leitão A Keyserling 188 194 184 19 18 1

RESUMO Neste artigo uma nova espécie de Diphya Nicolet, 1849, D. napo sp. nov. é descrita com base em machos e fêmeas do Equador. A fêmea de Diphya bicolor Vellard, 1926 é descrita e ilustrada pela primeira vez e registros novos são apresentados. Oarces ornatus Mello-Leitão, 1935 e Azilia eximia (Mello-Leitão, 1940) são sinonimizadas com D. bicolor, sendo A. eximia retirada da sinonímia de Azilia Keyserling, 1881 e Cardimia Mello-Leitão, 1940 é considerado sinônimo de Diphya. Nicolet 1849 D sp nov Equador Vellard 192 apresentados MelloLeitão, MelloLeitão Mello Leitão, Leitão Mello-Leitão 193 (Mello-Leitão Keyserling 188 194 184 19 18 1

Resumen La diversidad de aves en el Ecuador constituye el factor clave para desarrollar el aviturismo, modalidad que involucra el desplazamiento, observación, identificación y registro de las especies que habitan en su entorno natural. Además, contribuye con la conservación de hábitats, de paisajes y fomento de la economía local a través de la prestación de servicios turísticos. En el estudio se registraron aves durante dos años (febrero 2019 - diciembre 2020) en el sector Quijos Huayco, en la parroquia Cuyuja, cantón Quijos, provincia de Napo, con el fin de determinar las oportunidades para fomentar el aviturismo en la zona. Es una investigación de tipo descriptivo y análisis documental, que contempla un inventario de especies de aves, su estado de conservación y abundancia, así como la identificación de servicios, actividades turísticas y sitios de visita. El análisis se fundamentó en la revisión de información disponible de investigaciones previas y registros de avistamientos, información que cubrió 28 listas, con un total de 141 especies, 1.169 individuos, de 15 órdenes y de 36 familias. Asimismo, se identificaron establecimientos de servicios y lugares potenciales de observación. Cuyuja se encuentra en un sitio especial de conexión con Papallacta, Baeza y Cosanga, donde han sido identificados importantes sitios de observación de aves y se desarrollan eventos, como el conteo navideño de aves. Estas características resultan favorables para promover rutas de avistamiento en la zona norte de la provincia de Napo.

Abstract The diversity of birds in Ecuador is a key factor for the development of avitourism, a modality that involves the displacement, observation, identification and recording of the species that occupy their natural environment. In addition, it contributes to the conservation of habitats, landscapes and the promotion of the local economy through the provision of tourist services. In the study, birds were recorded for two years (February 2019 - December 2020) in the Quijos Huayco sector, in the Cuyuja parish, Quijos canton, Napo province to determine the opportunities to promote birdwathching activities in the area. It is a descriptive research and documentary analysis, which includes an inventory of bird species, their state of conservation and abundance, as well as the identification of services, tourist events and visitor sites. The analysis was based on the review of data available from previous investigations and sighting records, information that covered 28 lists, with a total of 141 species, 1169 individuals, from 15 orders and 36 families. Likewise, service establishments and potential observation sites were identified. Cuyuja, is in a special connection site with Papallacta, Baeza and Cosanga, where important birdwatching sites have been identified, and events such as the Christmas bird count take place. These characteristics are favorable to promote spotting routes in the northern area of Napo province.

Resumo Este artigo reúne reflexões sobre os imaginários contemporáneos de borracha no medio Napo até o final do século XIX e o início do XX na aldea de Angoteros. Nisto, fazemos uma discussão teórica que nos aproxima da compreensão de uma memória complexa em uma textualidade fenomenológica em um mundo em perspectiva como o amazônico. Em nos dados etnográficos, apresentamos a metáfora do barco yakuruna, gerada nos rituais com ayahuasca, como um texto analógico que explica a relação entre as pessoas de Angoteros e a dinâmica comercial durante o comércio da borracha. Sostenemos que o imaginário dos espíritos mestres, e dentro deles o barco yakuruna, é um texto de caráter fenomenológico sobre a memória da borracha.

Abstract This article reflects on the memory of the rubber boom in the mid Napo River towards the end of the XIX century and the beginning of XX century in the village of Angoteros. In this article, we develop a theoretical discussion to better understand a complex memory through the notion of phenomenological texts and perspectivism. In the ethnographic data, we present the image of the yakuruna boat, generated in ayahuasca rituals, as a text that accounts for the relationship of the people of Angoteros with the commercial dynamics along the rubber trade. We aim that the symbolic complex of the master spirits and the yakuruna boat start from a phenomenological text that defines the memories of the Rubber Boom in the mid Napo River region.

Resumen El presente artículo analiza los imaginarios contemporáneos sobre el caucho en el medio Napo de fines del siglo XIX e inicios del XX entre los kichwa del Napo o napuruna. Sobre la base de una investigación etnográfica, en este escrito generamos una discusión teórica que nos aproxime a comprender una enmarañada memoria que, sugerimos, se halla en una textualidad fenomenológica en un mundo perspectivista como el amazónico. En nuestro material etnográfico presentamos la metáfora de la lancha de los yakuruna, generada en los rituales con ayahuasca, como un texto analógico que da cuenta de la relación entre los kichwa del Napo con las dinámicas comerciales durante el auge del comercio cauchero. Entendemos el imaginario de los espíritus maestros, y dentro de ellos la lancha de los yakuruna, desde la perspectiva de un texto fenomenológico sobre la memoria del caucho.

ABSTRACT The northeastern slope of the Andes is an area of high diversity of ferns and lycophytes. In this study we assessed the diversity patterns of ferns and lycophytes in ten 250 m x 2 m plots installed at three elevational zones, from 418 to 3447 m.a.s.l., in the Napo province of Ecuador. Floristic diversity was measured using Hill numbers and by partitioning species diversity. Three functional diversity indices were calculated from a set of five leaf traits and weighted by species abundance: functional richness (FRic), evenness (FEve) and divergence (FDiv). To disentangle functional diversity from species richness, the standardized effect size (SES) of each index was also calculated. We recorded 148 species, Polypodiaceae and Dryopteridaceae being the most representative families. Species richness continuously decreased with elevation. Floristic composition was highly heterogeneous among elevation zones, with total species turnover found between 1500 and 2000 m.a.s.l. SES-FDiv and SES-FEve were higher than the null expectation for plots at mid-elevations, suggesting that deterministic mechanisms, such as biotic or abiotic filters, could explain assemblage composition at these sites. However, SES-FEve, SES-FRic and SES-FDiv did not differ from the null expectations at low and high elevation sites, suggesting the predominance of a stochastic process. By combining floristic and functional diversity, we were able to infer the observed community patterns with the resource-use strategies of fern and lycophytes in a mountain area, an approach that can be used to understand how assemblages might react to changing environmental conditions.

RESUMEN La vertiente noreste de los Andes del Ecuador tiene alta diversidad de helechos y licófitos. En este estudio describimos patrones de diversidad de estos grupos en diez parcelas de 250 m x 2 m instaladas en tres zonas altitudinales, de 418 a 3447 m.s.n.m., en la provincia de Napo, Ecuador. La diversidad se calculó utilizando los números de Hill y particionando la diversidad de especies. Tres índices de diversidad funcional fueron estimados a partir de cinco atributos de las hojas ponderados por la abundancia de las especies: riqueza (FRic), uniformidad (FEve) y divergencia (FDiv). Para separar la diversidad funcional de la riqueza, se calculó el tamaño del efecto estandarizado (SES) de cada índice. Registramos 148 especies, siendo Polypodiaceae y Dryopteridaceae las familias más representativas. La riqueza disminuyó continuamente en el gradiente altitudinal. La composición de la comunidad tuvo un cambio total de especies entre 1500 y 2000 m.s.n.m. En parcelas intermedias, SES-FDiv y SES-FEve registraron valores más altos de lo esperado por el modelo nulo, lo que sugiere que los mecanismos deterministas, como los filtros bióticos y abióticos, podrían explicar el ensamble en estas comunidades. En parcelas de altitudes bajas y altas los tres índices no difirieron del valor nulo, lo que sugiere que predominan procesos estocásticos. Al combinar composición florística y diversidad funcional, pudimos identificar patrones de diversidad y estrategias de uso de recursos de helechos y licófitos. Este enfoque se puede utilizar para comprender cómo el ensamble de las comunidades es afectado por la variación en las condiciones ambientales.

Abstract The fifth instar nymph of Tolono confusus Carvajal, Rider & Faúndez, 2015 is described and illustrated based on two specimens from Napo Province, Ecuador. The need for further work on South American pentatomoid immatures stages is briefly discussed.

Resumen Se describe la ninfa de quinto estadio de Tolono confusus Carvajal, Rider y Faúndez, 2015 sobre la base de dos ejemplares de la provincia de Napo, Ecuador. Se discute brevemente el conocimiento actual de los estados inmaduros de pentatomoideos sudamericanos.

ABSTRACT A new species of the leafhopper genus Andanus Linnavuori, 1959 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae: Athysanini), A. tambopixunensis sp. nov., is described. Materials studied were intercepted using Malaise and light traps in the Tambopata National Reserve (Peru) and the Amazonian Forest (Brazil). The genera Perundanus Zanol, 1993 syn. nov. and Paralaca Lozada, 1998 syn. nov. are recognized as junior synonyms of Andanus based on morphological comparison. The type species of Perundanus and Paralaca, A. raunoi (Zanol, 1993) comb. nov. and A. sordidus (Lozada, 1998) comb. nov., respectively, are transferred to Andanus. A detailed redescription of the genus and illustrations of external and genital morphology are provided as well as a key to the known species. The new species differs from other species in having a pygofer without processes, subgenital plates divergent, and aedeagus with a pair of short dorsoapical and single ventroapical spine. Comparative notes on morphological similarities of Andanus to other Neotropical Athysanini genera are discussed.

Resumen Al sureste de la Cordillera Real, en la sección del río Miriumi, rocas sedimentarias e ígneas metamorfoseadas fueron agrupadas sin discriminación en la Unidad Upano, y la falla Palanda-Méndez-Cosanga fue considerada un límite de terreno en anteriores investigaciones. El objetivo de esta investigación es caracterizar y discriminar rocas sedimentarias e ígneas metamorfoseadas de la Unidad Upano, de rocas sedimentarias de la Cuenca Oriente. Esta discriminación está soportada en datos litoestratigráficos, identificación de estructuras sedimentarias, registro de fósiles, estudios petrográficos y análisis de datos estructurales. Rocas meta-volcánicas y meta-pelíticas afloran en la parte occidental de la sección; mientras que hacia el este de la sección, secuencias estratodecrecientes de conglomerados de cuarzo, cuarzo-areniscas, lodolitas y areniscas con estructuras mareales; calizas mudstone y wackstone, lutitas negras con abundantes trazas de amonites y bivalvos son afectadas por un pliegue anticlinal. En el río Upano, calizas y lutitas fosilíferas son cubiertas en discordancia por limolitas multicolores y red beds. Considerando la descripción inicial de la Unidad Upano, se restringe a esta secuencia a rocas meta-volcánicas y meta-pelíticas de bajo grado de metamorfismo en facies de sub-esquistos verdes relacionadas a la dinámica regional. En este estudio, cuarzo-areniscas y lodolitas con estructuras mareales son incluidas en la Formación Hollín, calizas y lutitas con Inoceramus sp. y Harleites sp. (?) son asociadas a la Formación Napo; y secuencias de red beds son vinculadas a la Formación Tena. La presencia de bloques y escamas tectónicas compuestos por las formaciones Hollín, Napo y Tena de la Cuenca Oriente en el frente de la cuña orogénica, afectadas por zonas de corrimiento y pliegues de arrastre indican que la falla Palanda-Méndez-Cosanga, no constituye un límite de terreno entre secuencias metamórficas de la Cordillera Real y secuencias sedimentarias de la Cuenca Oriente. Al contrario, nuestros datos concuerdan con el modelo de canibalización de secuencias de foreland.

Abstract To the southeast of the Cordillera Real, on the Miriumi river section, indiscriminated metamorphosed sedimentary and igneous rocks were included in the Upano Unit, as well as the Palanda-Méndez-Cosanga fault which was considered a terrain boundary in previous research. This research aims to characterize and discriminate the Upano Unit metamorphosed sedimentary and igneous rocks from the Oriente Basin sedimentary rocks. This discrimination is supported by lithostratigraphic data, identification of sedimentary structures, the fossil record, petrographic studies, and structural data analysis. Meta-volcanic and meta-pelitic rocks crop out in the western part of the section, whilst eastward in the section, fining-upward succession of quartz-conglomerates, quartz-sandstones, mudstone and sandstone with tidal structures; mudstone and wackstone limestones, black shale with abundant traces of the ammonites and bivalves are deformed by an anticline fold. On the Upano river, limestones and fossiliferous shales are discordantly overlain by multicolored siltstones and red beds. Considering the initial description of the Upano Unit, this sequence is restricted to meta-volcanic and meta-pelitic rocks, suggesting a low metamorphic grade in the sub-green schists facies that relates to the regional geodynamic. In this research, quartz-sandstones and mudstones with tidal signatures are included in the Hollín Formation, limestones and shales with Inoceramus sp. and Harleites sp. (?) are associated with the Napo Formation; and the sequences of red beds are linked to the Tena Formation. The presence of blocks and tectonic slivers conformed by rocks of Hollín, Napo, and Tena formations in the front of the orogenic wedge-top, which are affected by a thrust belt and drag folds, suggests that the Palanda-Méndez-Cosanga fault is not a terrain boundary between metamorphic sequences of the Cordillera Real and sedimentary sequences of the Oriente Basin. On the contrary, our data agree with the cannibalization model of foreland sequences.

Abstract The following article explores the socio-historical production of the territory in La Gobernación de los Quijos, Sumaco and La Canela, Ecuadorian High Amazon. From a historiographic perspective we approach the historical process and the dynamics that motivated various social actors to exercise their power from the 16th to the mid-19th centuries in the Ecuadorian High Amazon. The text suggests three periods of occupation of the territory: the first one addresses the conquest of the Eastern region (Amazon), and problematizes the domination of the Spanish empire, with the support of the church and the imposition of the “reductions” regime; the second one addresses the Spanish sunset and the beginning of religious missions in the Amazon; and the third one approaches the Republican period and the socio-political production of the East.

Resumen El presente artículo tiene por objetivo explorar la producción sociohistórica del territorio en la Gobernación de los Quijos, Sumaco y La Canela, Alta Amazonía ecuatoriana. Desde una metodología historiográfica se aborda el proceso histórico y las dinámicas que motivaron a diversos actores sociales a ejercer su poder desde el siglo XVI hasta mediados del siglo XIX en la Alta Amazonía ecuatoriana. El texto sugiere tres períodos de ocupación y producción del territorio: el primero aborda la conquista de la región Oriental (Amazónica), y problematiza la dominación del imperio español, con el apoyo de la iglesia y la imposición del régimen de las “reducciones”; el segundo, aborda el ocaso español y el inicio de las misiones religiosas en la Amazonía; y el tercero se aproxima al período Republicano y la producción sociopolítica del Oriente.