Caffeine (CAF) and nicotine (NIC) are emerging contaminants and are among the most consumed substances in the world, making it crucial to monitor these contaminants. In this work, an alternative electrolyte, 2-hydroxyethylammonium acetate (2HEAA) was used for the development of an electroanalytical method for determination and quantification of CAF and NIC, simultaneously, using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The system with the 2HEAA electrolyte was characterized by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and the DPV parameters were optimized for the best conditions. The method was validated from a calibration curve obtained which showed limit of detection (LOD) of 0.82 and 6.26 μmol L 1 and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 2.73 and 20.8 μmol L-1 for CAF and NIC, respectively. In the precision analyses, values lower than 10% of relative standard deviation were obtained. In the presence of concomitant inorganic and organic species, the system proved to be selective in the determination of analytes. The method was used to determine the analytes in fortified samples (river water, synthetic urine and commercial milk), obtaining recoveries between 87.25 and 111.40%. The 2HEAA demonstrated high efficiency as an alternative electrolyte with good signal-to-noise ratio, increased analytical sensitivity of the method, in addition to presenting low cost and fast electrolyte preparation. (CAF NIC (NIC world work 2hydroxyethylammonium hydroxyethylammonium 2 HEAA (2HEAA simultaneously DPV. . (DPV) spectroscopy conditions LOD (LOD 082 0 82 0.8 626 6 26 6.2 LOQ (LOQ 273 73 2.7 208 20 8 20. L1 L- respectively analyses 10 species river water milk, milk , milk) 8725 87 25 87.2 11140 111 40 111.40% signaltonoise signal noise ratio preparation (DPV 08 0. 62 6. 27 7 2. 872 87. 1114 11 4 111.40 111.4 111.

Summary: In recent decades, water scarcity has increased considerably in Cuauhtémoc, Chihuahua - the most important apple-growing region of Mexico. Thus, the objective of this research is focused on evaluating growth and development responses in apple rootstocks graf ted with Golden Delicious subjected to four drought cycles, comparing them with the continuous irrigation treatment. Ten rootstocks were evaluated (B.9, M.9Nic29, G.41, G.202, G.890, G.210, G.30, M.7, MM.111 and MM.109) used in the commercial apple orchards in the area, where all the rootstocks were obtained during the 2020 growing season. The planting was carried out in 20-L pots in March 2020 and a substrate composed of compost, soil and sand was used in a ratio of 1:1:1. The recorded variables measured were moisture percentage in the soil, the leading branch growth, leaf water potential, total biomass, and ef ficient water use. The rootstocks B.9 and M.9 Nic29 showed good results in most of the variables studied. Rootstocks with good recovery of leaf water potential af ter recovery irrigation were found. These rootstocks were; B.9, M.9Nic29, MM.111 and G.210. The total biomass was statistically the same in G.30, G.41, MM.111, MM.109, G.202 and B.9. In conclusion, rootstocks tolerate a certain degree of drought and can contribute to improving water use, highlighting B.9.

Resumen: La escasez de agua en la región manzanera más importante de México; Cuauhtémoc, Chihuahua, se ha incrementado considerablemente en las últimas décadas. El objetivo de esta investigación se concentró en evaluar la respuesta en crecimiento y desarrollo de portainjertos de manzano injertados con Golden Delicious, sometidos a cuatro ciclos de sequía, comparándolos con el tratamiento de riego continuo. Se evaluaron 10 portainjertos (B.9, M.9Nic29, G.41, G.202, G.890, G.210, G.30, M.7, MM.111 y MM.109), los cuales son utilizados en las huertas comerciales de manzano de la zona de Cuauhtémoc. Todos los portainjertos se obtuvieron de viveros comerciales durante la estación de crecimiento 2019. La plantación se realizó en macetas de 20 L en el mes de marzo de 2020 y se utilizó un sustrato compuesto por composta, suelo y arena en proporción 1:1:1. Las variables registradas fueron; porcentaje de humedad en el suelo, crecimiento de la rama líder, potencial hídrico de la hoja, biomasa total, y uso eficiente del agua. Los portainjertos B.9 y M.9Nic29 mostraron buenos resultados en la mayoría de las variables estudiadas. Los portainjertos B.9, M.9Nic29, MM.111 y G.210 mostraron buena recuperación del potencial hídrico de la hoja después del riego de recuperación. La biomasa total fue estadísticamente igual en G.30, G.41, MM.111, MM.109, G.202 y B.9. Se concluye que existen portainjertos que toleran cierto grado de sequía y que pueden contribuir a mejorar el uso del agua, destacando B.9.

RESUMEN Introducción: el constante estudio de los factores incidentes en el aumento de cáncer de cuello uterino, redimensiona su importancia como herramienta de promoción y prevención en las áreas de salud para enfrentar el proceso de aumento de este cáncer. Objetivo: determinar los factores de riesgo de cáncer cervico uterino en pacientes diagnosticadas con cáncer cervicouterino en el municipio Pinar del Río. Métodos: estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal, con un universo integrado por las 172 pacientes diagnosticadas con esa enfermedad en el municipio Pinar del Río durante los años 2021 y 2022 y una muestra aleatoria simple de 170 pacientes que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos, empíricos y estadísticos y se tuvieron en cuenta las normas éticas establecidas para este tipo de investigación. Resultados: predominaron las mujeres con edades entre 25 y 29 años de edad (35,4 %), la lesión más frecuente fue el NIC I en 98 pacientes (56,9 %) con mayor incidencia en el grupo de 25 y 29 años 40 (23,3 %). El factor de riesgo intrínseco de mayor incidencia fue la susceptibilidad inmunológica en 109 pacientes (63,3 %) y de los extrínsecos el hábito de fumar en 98 pacientes (56,9 %); el 65,6 % de la muestra tenían un alto riesgo relacionado con el cáncer cervico uterino. Conclusiones: Los factores de riesgo de cáncer cervico uterino constituyen un problema de salud en la población pinareña, por lo que se necesitan desarrollar acciones de salud que contribuyan a modificarlos.

ABSTRACT Introduction: the constant study of the factor’s incident to the increase in cervical cancer resizes its importance as a promotion and prevention tool in health areas to face the process of increase in this cancer. Objective: determine the risk factors for cervical cancer in patients diagnosed with cervical cancer in the Pinar del Río, municipality in the Cuban province of the same name. Methods: observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study, with a universe made up of the 172 patients diagnosed with this disease in the Pinar del Río municipality during the years 2021 and 2022 and a simple random sample of 170 patients who met the inclusion criteria. Theoretical, empirical and statistical methods were used and the ethical standards established for this type of research were taken into account. Results: women between 25 and 29 years of age predominated (35,4 %), the most frequent lesion was CIN I in 98 patients (56,9 %) with a higher incidence in the group of 25 and 29 years 40 (23,3 %). The intrinsic risk factor with the highest incidence was immunological susceptibility in 109 patients (63,3 %) and the extrinsic risk factor was smoking in 98 patients (56,9 %); 65,6 % of the sample had a high risk related to cervical cancer. Conclusions: The risk factors for cervical cancer constitute a health problem in the Pinar del Río population, so health actions need to be developed that contribute to modifying them.

Abstract Background: The Ignacio Chávez National Institute of Cardiology (NIC) has positioned itself as an international benchmark in cardiovascular medical education, standing out for its high academic standards and human quality. Objective: This study aims to identify the employment and academic profile of cardiology fellowship graduates from the National Institute of Cardiology of Mexico (NIC). Methods: A cross-sectional and retrospective study was conducted, involving 473 graduates from the period 2000-2015. Data was collected through an electronic survey. Results: A total of 221 graduates agreed to participate, accounting for 46.7% of the total number of graduates. Among the participants, 85.2% were male. The majority of graduates (82.4%) held Mexican nationality, while the remaining individuals represented various Latin-American nationalities. Following the completion of the cardiology fellowship, 89% of graduates pursued further postgraduate degrees. Within this group, 95.4% completed at least one additional fellowship, while 4.6% pursued a master’s or PhD program. The most popular fellowship program chosen was Interventional Cardiology. On average, NIC graduates dedicate 10.8 hours per day to their work, with 6.4 hours dedicated to cardiology and 4.3 hours to their other postgraduate degree. Those employed in both public and private health systems allocate 6.1 hours and 5.2 hours per day, respectively. Additionally, 75% of graduates are involved in teaching activities. Currently, 84% of graduates are employed in Mexico. Conclusion: The majority of NIC graduates are physicians who further their academic training by pursuing additional postgraduate programs. They work longer hours per day compared to the general Mexican population, with a significant focus on clinical cardiology. Graduates actively seek opportunities to share their expertise through various academic activities.

Resumen Antecedentes: El Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez (INC) se ha posicionado como un referente internacional en la educación médica cardiológica, destacándose por su alto nivel académico y calidad humana. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar el perfil laboral y académico actual de los egresados del Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez (INC). Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal y retrospectivo que incluyó a 473 egresados del INC graduados entre 2000 y 2015. Se utilizó una encuesta electrónica para recopilar los datos. Resultados: Un total de 221 egresados aceptaron participar en el estudio, lo que representa el 46.7% del total de egresados. El 85.2% de los participantes son hombres. La mayoría de los egresados son de nacionalidad mexicana (82.4%), mientras que el resto se distribuye en varios países de Latinoamérica. El 89% de los egresados completó otro posgrado después de cardiología. De este grupo, el 95.4% realizó al menos una alta especialidad, mientras que el 4.6% obtuvo una maestría o doctorado. La especialidad más comúnmente elegida fue Cardiología Intervencionista. Los egresados del INC trabajan en promedio 10.8 horas al día, de las cuales 6.4 horas se dedican a la cardiología clínica y 4.3 horas al otro posgrado. Aquellos que trabajan en el sector público y privado dedican 6.1 horas y 5.2 horas al día, respectivamente. Además, el 75% de los egresados desempeña actividades de enseñanza. El 84% de los egresados trabajan en México. Conclusión: En su mayoría, los egresados del INC son médicos especialistas que continúan su formación académica a través de la realización de otros posgrados. Trabajan más horas al día en comparación con el resto de la población mexicana, y dedican la mayor parte de su tiempo al ejercicio de la cardiología clínica. También buscan transmitir sus conocimientos a través de actividades académicas y de enseñanza.

RESUMO Objetivo: elaborar uma escala qualitativa e quantitativa para mensuração de cargas de trabalho específicas para enfermeiras obstétrico-ginecológicas (parteiras) na unidade de parto e baseada na Classificação das Intervenções de Enfermagem (NIC). Método: trata-se de um estudo qualitativo misto por meio de grupos focais e quantitativo com medidas reais de tempos NIC, descritivo e transversal. De setembro de 2020 a maio de 2021, foi realizada uma extensa pesquisa bibliográfica, mapeamento, desenvolvimento de escala ad hoc e configuração de três grupos focais para chegar a um acordo sobre o desenho da escala. Além disso, foi realizada uma comparação da percepção subjetiva do tempo gasto na prestação de cuidados (NIC) durante o processo de parto pelos grupos focais com os tempos efetivamente medidos entre março e abril de 2021 em uma unidade de parto. Resultados: os dados qualitativos obtidos nos grupos focais foram analisados e relacionados, concordando com a estrutura final do instrumento de medição ad hoc e a importância de ter este instrumento de medição representativo do seu trabalho, com linguagem padronizada e adaptada às reais demandas de saúde. Além disso, ao comparar os tempos de execução subjetivos e reais de cada uma das NIC, encontramos correlação significativa ao apresentar tempos médios de execução diferentes com variação de 13 minutos. Conclusão: as parteiras deste estudo determinaram a validade de construto do instrumento de medida para suas cargas de trabalho. Objetivo obstétricoginecológicas obstétrico ginecológicas (parteiras NIC. NIC . Método tratase trata se transversal 202 bibliográfica mapeamento disso (NIC Resultados relacionados saúde 1 minutos Conclusão 20 2

ABSTRACT Objective: to design a qualitative and quantitative scale for measuring specific workloads for obstetric-gynecological nurses (midwives) within the delivery unit and based on the Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC). Method: this is a mixed qualitative study through focus groups and quantitative with real measurements of NIC times, descriptive and cross-sectional. From September 2020 to May 2021, an extensive bibliographic search, mapping, ad hoc scale development and configuration of three focus groups were carried out to agree on scale design. Moreover, a comparison was carried out on the subjective perception of the time spent providing care (NIC) during the delivery process by focus groups with respect to times actually measured between March and April 2021 in a delivery unit. Results: the qualitative data obtained in focus groups were analyzed and related, agreeing on the ad hoc measuring instrument’s final structure and the importance of having this measuring instrument representative of their work, with standardized language adapted to real health demands. Furthermore, when comparing the subjective and real execution times of each of the NIC, we found a significant correlation when presenting different mean execution times with a variation of 13 minutes. Conclusion: the midwives in this study determined the measurement instrument construct validity for their workloads. Objective obstetricgynecological obstetric gynecological (midwives NIC. . Method crosssectional. crosssectional cross sectional. sectional cross-sectional 202 search mapping Moreover (NIC Results related instruments s work demands Furthermore 1 minutes Conclusion 20 2

RESUMEN Objetivo: diseñar cualitativa y cuantitativa, una escala de medición de cargas de trabajo, específica para las enfermeras obstétrico-ginecológicas (matronas), dentro de la unidad de partos y basada en la Clasificación de Intervenciones de Enfermería (NIC). Método: estudio mixto cualitativo mediante grupos focales y cuantitativo con mediciones reales de tiempos NIC, descriptivo y transversal. Durante los meses de septiembre de 2020 a mayo de 2021, se realizó una extensa búsqueda bibliográfica, mapeo, elaboración ad hoc de la escala, y la configuración de tres grupos focales, para consensuar el diseño de la escala. Además, se ejecutó una comparativa sobre la percepción subjetiva del tiempo empleado en la prestación de cuidados (intervenciones NIC) durante el proceso de parto por parte de los grupos focales, con respecto a los tiempos medidos realmente entre marzo y abril del 2021 en una unidad de partos. Resultados: se analizaron y relacionaron los datos cualitativos obtenidos de los grupos focales, coincidiendo en la estructura final del instrumento ad hoc de medida, y en la importancia de tener este instrumento de medida representativo de su trabajo, con un leguaje estandarizado y adaptado a la demanda sanitaria real. Además, al comparar los tiempos subjetivos y reales de ejecución de cada una de las intervenciones NIC, encontramos una correlación significativa, al presentar distintos promedios de tiempos de ejecución con una variación de 13 minutos. Conclusión: las matronas de este estudio determinaron la validez del constructo del instrumento de medición para sus cargas de trabajo. Objetivo cuantitativa trabajo obstétricoginecológicas obstétrico ginecológicas matronas, , (matronas) NIC. NIC . (NIC) Método transversal 202 bibliográfica mapeo Además Resultados real significativa 1 minutos Conclusión (matronas (NIC 20 2

Resumen Objetivo Validar la elaboración de una escala para medir la carga de trabajo de las parteras con base en la Clasificación de Intervenciones de Enfermería (NIC) a través de su aplicación multicéntrica en diferentes unidades de parto. Métodos Estudio cuantitativo, longitudinal, de carácter multicéntrico, realizado en tres hospitales universitarios generales del sistema de salud pública. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 50 parteras, que examinaron la validez del constructo de la escala elaborada, con un total de 370 partos. La recopilación de datos comenzó mediante la escala elaborada ad hoc por el equipo de investigación y contabilizó el tiempo y el número de intervenciones NIC realizadas en cada nacimiento. Resultados Las parteras del estudio están sujetas a un aumento de su carga de trabajo con relación al número y al tiempo promedio utilizado en la realización de las NIC en cada parto atendido. En su jornada laboral (turno de 12 horas), destinan 960,61 minutos (16 horas en el turno diurno) y 840,29 minutos (14 horas en el turno nocturno) para ejecutar sus funciones en la atención al parto. Conclusión Los datos indican la validez de la escala elaborada ad hoc, ya que este instrumento refleja la real carga de trabajo que tienen las parteras del estudio. (NIC cuantitativo longitudinal multicéntrico pública 5 37 partos nacimiento atendido 1 horas, , horas) 96061 960 61 960,6 16 (1 diurno 84029 840 29 840,2 14 nocturno 3 9606 96 6 960, ( 8402 84 2 840, 9 8

Abstract Objective To validate the design of a scale to measure the workload of the midwives based on Classification of Nursing Interventions (NIC), through their multicentric application in different delivery units. Methods Quantitative, longitudinal, study multicentric character, conducted in three general university hospitals of the public system of health. The sample consisted of fifty midwives, who examined the validity of the construct of the designed scale, for a total of 370 births. Data collection began through the scale designed ad hoc by the research team, accounting for the time and average number of NIC interventions, performed at each birth. Results The midwives of the study, are subject to an increase in their workload regarding the number and average time spent conducting interventions NIC in each attended delivery. In their working day (12-hour shift) they allocate 960.61 minutes (16 hours in day shift) and 840.29 minutes (14 hours in night shift), to execute their roles in childbirth attendance. Conclusion The data indicate the validity of the scale designed ad hoc, as this instrument reflects the actual workload experienced by the midwives of the study. NIC, , (NIC) units Quantitative longitudinal character health 37 births team birth 12hour hour 12 shift 96061 960 61 960.6 16 (1 84029 840 29 840.2 14 shift, attendance (NIC 3 1 9606 96 6 960. ( 8402 84 2 840. 9 8

Resumo Objetivo Validar a elaboração de uma escala para mensurar a carga de trabalho das parteiras com base na Classificação das Intervenções de Enfermagem (NIC) por meio da sua aplicação multicêntrica em diferentes unidades de parto. Métodos Estudo quantitativo, longitudinal, de caráter multicêntrico, realizado em três hospitais universitários gerais da rede pública de saúde. A amostra foi composta por cinquenta parteiras, que examinaram a validade de construto da escala elaborada, com um total de 370 partos. A coleta de dados iniciou-se por meio da escala elaborada ad hoc pela equipe de pesquisa, contabilizando o tempo e o número médio de intervenções NIC, realizadas a cada nascimento. Resultados As parteiras do estudo estão sujeitas a um aumento na sua carga de trabalho quanto ao número e ao tempo médio gasto na realização das NIC em cada parto atendido. Em sua jornada de trabalho (turno de 12 horas), elas destinam 960,61 minutos (16 horas no turno diurno) e 840,29 minutos (14 horas no turno noturno) para executar suas funções na assistência ao parto. Conclusões Os dados indicam a validade da escala elaborada ad hoc, pois esse instrumento reflete a real carga de trabalho vivenciada pelas parteiras do estudo. (NIC quantitativo longitudinal multicêntrico saúde 37 partos iniciouse iniciou se pesquisa nascimento atendido 1 horas, , horas) 96061 960 61 960,6 16 (1 diurno 84029 840 29 840,2 14 noturno 3 9606 96 6 960, ( 8402 84 2 840, 9 8

ABSTRACT Periodontitis is an inflammatory clinical condition caused by dysbiotic biofilm that results in progressive destruction of periodontal attachment and can lead to tooth loss if left untreated. Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of high-power diode laser as an adjunct to mechanical instrumentation in periodontal pockets of a patient with generalized, stage III, grade C periodontitis. Methods: 126 sites of a patient were examined at the Clinical Research Laboratory (LabClin) of the Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), where the parameters of probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL) and bleeding on probing (BoP) were evaluated at the beginning of the study and after 3 and 6 months of basic therapy. All sites received non-surgical periodontal treatment which corresponds to scaling and root planing (SRP) and coronary polishing. The deep periodontal pockets with PD ≥ 5 mm, received the adjuvant therapy with diode laser light. Results: There was a significant improvement of periodontal parameters of PD, CAL and BoP in all treated sites. In those with PD ≥ 5 mm, the results were similar, with statistically significant reduction of PD, CAL and BoP before and after treatment. After 6 months, all periodontal pockets with PD ≥ 5mm were reduced to values lower than 3. Conclusion: The irradiation of deep pockets with high-power diode laser proved to be effective as adjuvant therapy to SRP in patients with generalized, stage III, degree C periodontitis. untreated Objective highpower high power generalized III periodontitis Methods 12 LabClin (LabClin UFCG, UFCG , (UFCG) (PD) (CAL (BoP nonsurgical non surgical (SRP polishing mm light Results similar Conclusion 1 (UFCG (PD

RESUMO A periodontite é uma condição clínica inflamatória causada por biofilme disbiótico que resulta em destruição progressiva da inserção periodontal e pode levar a perda do dente caso não seja tratada. Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia clínica do laser de diodo de alta potência como coadjuvante à instrumentação mecânica em bolsas periodontais de um paciente com periodontite, estádio III, grau C e generalizada. Métodos: Foram examinados 126 sítios de uma paciente, no Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas (LabClin) da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG) onde foram avaliados os parâmetros de profundidade de sondagem (PS), nível de inserção clínica (NIC) e sangramento à sondagem (SS) no início do estudo e após 3 e 6 meses da terapia básica. Todos os sítios receberam tratamento periodontal não cirúrgico o que corresponde a raspagem e alisamento coronorradicular (RACR) e polimento coronário. As bolsas periodontais profundas com PS ≥ 5 mm, receberam a terapia coadjuvante com luz laser de diodo. Resultados: Houve uma melhora significativa dos parâmetros periodontais de PS, NIC e SS em todos os sítios tratados. Nos que apresentavam PS ≥ 5 mm, os resultados foram similares, com redução estatisticamente significativa PS, PIC e SS antes e após a realização do tratamento. Após 6 meses, todas as bolsas periodontais com PS ≥ 5mm foram reduzidas a valores menores que 3. Conclusão: A irradiação de bolsas profundas, com laser de diodo de alta potência, mostrou-se eficaz como terapia coadjuvante à RACR em paciente com periodontite estádio III, grau C, generalizada. tratada Objetivo III generalizada Métodos 12 LabClin (LabClin UFCG (UFCG , (PS) (NIC (SS básica (RACR coronário mm Resultados tratados similares Conclusão mostrouse mostrou se 1 (PS

ABSTRACT Ni-Cr brazing filler metal containing varying amounts (0 wt%, 3 wt%, and 5 wt%) of nickel-coated graphite (Ni/C) was employed to prepare brazed synthetic diamond samples. The interfacial microstructure characterization and thermal damage of brazed synthetic diamond were investigated using scanning electron microscope and Raman spectroscopy. The mechanical properties of static pressure strength and impact toughness of brazed synthetic diamond were investigated in accordance with the machinery industry standard. The hardness of brazed layer was measured using a micro-hardness tester. The results demonstrate the presence of lamellar compounds Cr3C2 and void columnar compounds Cr7C3, as well as filamentous eutectic graphite, on the surface of brazed synthetic diamond following aqua regia corrosion. Increasing the Ni/C ratio in the Ni-Cr brazing filler metal leads to a reduction in graphitization degree of synthetic diamond. When the Ni-Cr brazing filler metal contains 5 wt% Ni/C, the compressive stress in brazed synthetic diamond is reduced by 65 MPa, the static pressure strength and impact toughness of brazed synthetic diamond are increased by 15.1% and 29.9%, respectively, and the hardness of brazed layer is decreased by 79 HV, this is beneficial to enhance self-sharpness of synthetic diamond tools brazed with Ni-Cr brazing filler metal. NiCr Ni Cr 0 ( wt nickelcoated nickel coated NiC C (Ni/C samples spectroscopy standard microhardness micro tester CrC Cr3C Cr7C3 corrosion 6 MPa 151 15 1 15.1 299 29 9 29.9% respectively 7 HV selfsharpness self sharpness Cr7C 15. 2 29.9 29.

Resumen Esta investigación se orienta al tratamiento de la NIC 16 en las empresas comerciales ecuatorianas que vienen aplicando esta normativa desde el año 2011. En la actualidad, no se conoce a ciencia cierta el estado de avance en su aplicación, mismo que se convierte en el objetivo del artículo. El diseño metodológico abarca un enfoque cuantitativo, un tipo de investigación descriptivo con una modalidad bibliográfica - documental y un diseño transeccional descriptivo. Se confeccionó una matriz validada por expertos, elaborada con base en la NIC 16, que fue contrastada con los estados financieros auditados, las notas explicativas y las políticas empresariales de las empresas seleccionadas. Los resultados indican que: las empresas en su gran mayoría utilizan el modelo del costo como medición posterior, todas las empresas analizadas utilizan para cálculo de la depreciación el método de la línea recta y, en la mayoría de las entidades estudiadas, cumplen los requisitos exigidos en la norma en cuanto a información a revelar.

Abstract This investigation is oriented to the treatment of IAS 16 in Ecuadorian commercial companies that have been applying this regulation since 2011. Currently, the state of progress in its application is not well known, which becomes the article's objective. The methodological design encompasses a quantitative approach, a type of descriptive research with a bibliographical-documentary modality, and a descriptive transeccional design. A matrix validated by experts was prepared based on IAS 16, which was contrasted with the audited financial statements, the explanatory notes, and the business policies of the selected companies. The results indicate that: the vast majority of companies use the cost model as a subsequent measurement, all the companies analyzed use the straight-line method to calculate depreciation and, in most of the entities studied, they meet the requirements in the standard regarding information to be disclosed.

In the present study, we tested the proof of concept that mobil mesoporous silica nanoparticle composition of matter (MCM) No. 48 doped with trivalent europium (nanoMCM48:Eu3+) administered systemically intravenously can act as a suitable vehicle to deliver neural cells to the brain of healthy adult Swiss mice without causing tissue damage. Moreover, we also tested the ability of this nanoparticle to release molecules in vitro, using as drug models caffeine or nicotine in phosphate buffer solution with pH 7.4 adequate to intra and extra-celular medium of the brain. The caffeine and nicotine adsorbed nanoparticles (CAF@MCM48:Eu3+ and NIC@MCM48:Eu3+) were observed in the parenchyma of the cerebral cortex and diffusely dispersed in the cellular cytoplasm. Statistical analysis using multivariate partner recognition methods indicated that there was no sign of cell damage, as it was characterized by chromatin condensation, nuclear condensation, or fragmentation. The characterization of nanoMCM48:Eu3+ as particle size, luminescent properties and release of active components were analyzed. The CAF@MCM48:Eu3+ and NIC@MCM48:Eu3+ nanoparticles were observed in the cerebral cortex parenchyma and diffusely dispersed in the cell cytoplasm, and the release of active components was analyzed. Therefore, the studies showed that mesoporous silica nanoparticles administered systemically via intravenous tissue can act as a suitable vehicle for neural cells in the brain of healthy mice without causing damage. study MCM (MCM No 4 nanoMCM48Eu3+ nanoMCM48Eu3 nanoMCMEu nanoMCM48 Eu3+ Eu3 nanoMCM Eu (nanoMCM48:Eu3+ damage Moreover vitro 74 7 7. extracelular extra celular CAF@MCM48Eu3+ CAFMCM48Eu3 CAFMCMEu CAF@MCM48 CAF MCM48 (CAF@MCM48:Eu3 NIC@MCM48Eu3+ NICMCM48Eu3 NICMCMEu NIC@MCM48 NIC cytoplasm condensation fragmentation nanoMCM48:Eu3 size analyzed CAF@MCM48:Eu3 NIC@MCM48:Eu3 Therefore nanoMCM48Eu nanoMCM4 (nanoMCM48:Eu3 MCM48Eu3 CAF@MCM48Eu3 CAFMCM CAFMCM48Eu CAFMCM48 CAF@MCM4 MCM4 (CAF@MCM48:Eu NIC@MCM48Eu3 NICMCM NICMCM48Eu NICMCM48 NIC@MCM4 nanoMCM48:Eu CAF@MCM48:Eu NIC@MCM48:Eu (nanoMCM48:Eu MCMEu MCM48Eu CAF@MCM48Eu CAFMCM4 CAF@MCM NIC@MCM48Eu NICMCM4 NIC@MCM

Resumen Determinamos patógenos periodontales en bolsas periodontales de gestantes con periodontitis y lo asociamos a los niveles de proteína C reactiva (PCR), nitratos, inmunoglobulina A y G (Ig A y G) y mieloperoxidasa (MPO) en saliva para identificar biomarcadores como herramientas para predecir el estado periodontal de la gestante. Las muestras se obtuvieron de bolsas periodontales y saliva de 100 mujeres embarazadas (ME) y 50 mujeres no embarazadas (NoE). Cada paciente fue evaluado por: 1) profundidad de sondaje(PD) y pérdida del nivel de inserción clínica (NIC); 2) en saliva; PCR, MPO, Ig A y G y concentraciones de nitritos, 3) en bolsas periodontales: P.gingivalis, T.forsythia, T.denticola, P.intermedia, A.actinomycetemcomitans. Se utilizó el software InfoStat/P 2008 con un valor de p<0,05. Los parámetros clínicos mostraron estadios I y II de EP en ambos grupos. P.intermedia y A.actinomycetemcomitans se observaron solo en bolsas periodontales de ME. El NIC fue mayor en gestantes del 3er trimestre que en las demás etapas y se asoció con niveles bajos de IgA y presencia de P.intermedia y T.forsythia en el mismo trimestre. Los niveles de IgA en saliva reflejarían la situación inmunológica en la mujer embarazada. Esto podría usarse para monitorear el estado inmunológico de los tejidos gingivales durante el embarazo.

Abstract: We determine periodontal pathogens in periodontal pockets from pregnant women with periodontitis and associate it to the C reactive protein (CRP), nitrates, immunoglobulin A and G (Ig A and G), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels in saliva to identify some biomarkers as tools to predict the periodontal status from pregnant. The samples were obtained from periodontal pockets and saliva from 100 pregnant women (PW) and 50 non-pregnant women (NPW). Every patient was evaluated by: 1) probing depth (PD) and loss of clinical attachment level (CAL); 2) in saliva; CRP, MPO, Ig A and G) and nitrite concentrations, 3) in periodontal pockets: P.gingivalis, T.forsythia, T.denticola, P.intermedia, A.actinomycetemcomitans. InfoStat/P 2008 software was used with a p-value <0.05. Clinical parameters showed stages I and II of PD in both groups. P.intermedia and A.actinomycetemcomitans were observed only in periodontal pockets from PW. The CAL was higher in pregnant of the 3rd trimester than in the other stages and was associated with low levels of IgA and the presence of P.intermedia and T. forsythia in the same trimester. The levels of IgA in saliva would reflect the immunological situation in pregnant women. This could be used to monitor the immune status of the gingival tissues during pregnancy.

RESUMEN Los requerimientos de las Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera (NIIF) deben ser acogidos para la preparación de los estados financieros en las empresas. El tratamiento contable de los inventarios establecidos por la Normas Internacionales de Contabilidad NIC 2, da cuenta del modo en que se debe estimar el valor de los mismos. En este sentido, esta investigación plantea actividades de control y monitoreo del deterioro del valor de las existencias, considerando que dichos resultados generan un gran impacto en los estados financieros, como el activo más significativo en INSPA CIA LTDA. Se aplicó un estudio no experimental con alcance descriptivo-explicativo. Entre los principales resultados, se determinó que en INSPA CIA LTDA, el deterioro de los inventarios no incidió en las cuentas patrimoniales, no obstante, si afectó a la estructura financiera. En consecuencia, se elaboraron matrices que contienen parámetros de control, gestión y tratamiento contable de los inventarios.

ABSTRACT The requirements of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) must be followed for the preparation of financial statements in companies. The accounting treatment of inventories established by the International Accounting Standards (IAS 2), shows how the value of inventories should be estimated. In this sense, this research proposes activities of control and monitoring of the deterioration of the value of inventories, considering that such results generate a great impact on the financial statements, as the most significant asset in INSPA CIA LTDA. A non-experimental study with descriptive-explanatory scope was applied. Among the main results, it was determined that in INSPA CIA LTDA, the deterioration of inventories did not affect the equity accounts, however, it did affect the financial structure. Consequently, matrices containing parameters of control, management and accounting treatment of inventories were developed.

Resumen La correcta posición del paciente es necesaria para el desarrollo de un procedimiento quirúrgico seguro y eficaz. Esta posición depende de la vía de acceso, la duración del procedimiento, el tipo de anestesia, los dispositivos a utilizar entre otros factores. Este procedimiento requiere planeación y esfuerzo del equipo quirúrgico donde se comparten responsabilidad para establecer y mantener las posiciones correctas para los pacientes. Cada posición quirúrgica cumple un objetivo e implica un riesgo para el paciente, por lo que los profesionales de enfermería deben estar muy atentos para brindar los cuidados necesarios y asegurar prácticas confiables en cada posición durante el perioperatorio, la importancia de la documentación y la taxonomía NANDA, NIC y NOC a tener en cuenta.

Abstract The patient’s correct position is necessary to conduct a safe and effective surgical procedure. This position depends on the access route, duration of the procedure, kind of anesthesia, devices to use, among other factors. This procedure requires planning and effort by the surgical team where they share responsibility to establish and maintain the correct positions for patients. Each surgical position fulfills an objective and implies risks to patients, which is why nursing professionals must be very attentive to provide the necessary care and ensure reliable practices in each position during the perioperative, the importance of the documentation, and the NANDA, NIC, and NOC taxonomy to consider.

Resumo A posição correta do paciente é necessária para o desenvolvimento de um procedimento cirúrgico seguro e eficaz. Essa posição depende da via de acesso, da duração do procedimento, do tipo de anestesia, dos aparelhos a serem utilizados, entre outros fatores. Este procedimento requer planejamento e esforço da equipe cirúrgica onde a responsabilidade é compartilhada para estabelecer e manter as posições corretas dos pacientes. Cada posição cirúrgica cumpre um objetivo e implica um risco para o paciente, por isso os profissionais de enfermagem devem estar muito atentos para prestar os cuidados necessários e garantir práticas confiáveis em cada posição durante o período perioperatório, a importância da documentação e taxonomia NANDA, NIC e NOC para levar em conta.

Resumen Objetivo. Presentar un estudio de caso y elaborar un plan de cuidados para asistir a la puérpera que decide amamantar con la mama contralateral. Métodos. Estudio de caso de una primípara de 36 años, a quien se le realizó ablación de tumor y disección axilar izquierda, quimioterapia y radioterapia hace 8 años. Los datos se recolectaron en el Proceso de Enfermería y en la entrevista, con evaluación inicial en la que se emplearon los estándares funcionales de salud de Marjory Gordon. El plan de cuidados utilizó las taxonomías NANDA-I, NIC y NOC. Resultados. Se identificaron tres diagnósticos: [00208] Voluntad de mejorar el proceso perinatológico después del nacimiento, [00106] Voluntad de mejorar la lactancia y [00167] Voluntad de mejorar el autoconcepto. Después de evaluar los indicadores en la fase inicial y posteriormente, se observaron beneficios en los dos primeros diagnósticos. El tercer diagnóstico resultó ser parcialmente suficiente, ya que no permitió evaluar la autoimagen evolutiva no patológica durante el puerperio. En la fase puerperal, los roles maternos son desafiantes y exigentes. Los cuidados de Enfermería contribuyeron para la adaptación a la lactancia materna en la mama contralateral y para asegurar una adecuada nutrición del recién nacido. Se fortaleció el proceso perinatal. La lactancia materna se realiza con satisfacción materna, buen agarre y desarrollo normal del peso del recién nacido. Conclusión. El estudio de caso benefició el conocimiento al abordar un tema poco investigado. La taxonomía NANDA-I quizás necesite más estudio en el dominio de la Autopercepción, más específicamente en la autoimagen relacionada con la fase de embarazo-puerperio.

Abstract Objective. To develop a care plan focused on assisting a puerperal woman who decides to feed their child through breastfeeding on the contralateral breast. Methods. A case study conducted with a 36-year-old primiparous woman who underwent tumorectomy and left axillary emptying, chemotherapy and radiotherapy 8 years ago. The data were collected in the Nursing process, with initial assessment using the Marjory Gordon functional health patterns. The care plan used the NANDA-I, NIC and NOC taxonomies. Results. Three diagnoses were identified: [00208] Readiness for Enhanced Childbearing Process, [00106] Readiness for Enhanced Breastfeeding and [00167] Readiness for Enhanced Self-Concept. The indicators were evaluated in the initial and later phase, with gains in the first two diagnoses. The third diagnosis proved to be partially sufficient, as it did not allow assessing the developmental and non-pathological self-image in the puerperium. In the puerperal phase, maternal roles are challenging and demanding. Nursing care contributed to the adaptation to breastfeeding in the contralateral breast and to the guarantee of adequate nutrition for the newborn. The childbearing process was strengthened. Breastfeeding is carried out with maternal satisfaction, good latch and normal weight evolution in the newborn. Conclusion. The case study strengthened knowledge by addressing a little investigated theme. The NANDA-I taxonomy may need further study in the Self-perception domain, more specifically in the self-image reported during the pregnancy-puerperal phase.

Resumen Objetivo. Apresentar um estudo de caso e elaborar um plano de cuidados de assistência à puérpera que se decide pelo aleitamento na mama contra-lateral. Métodos. Estudo de caso referente a primípara de 36 anos, submetida a tumorectomia e esvaziamento axilar esquerdo, quimioterapia e radioterapia há 8 anos. Dados recolhidos no processo de enfermagem e em entrevista, com apreciação inicial utilizando-se os padrões funcionais de saúde de Marjory Gordon. O plano de cuidados utilizou a taxonomia NANDA-I, NIC e NOC. Resultados. Identificaram-se três diagnósticos: [00208] Disposição para processo perinatológico melhorado após o nascimento, [00106] Disposição para amamentação melhorada e [00167] Disposição para autoconceito melhorado. Avaliados os indicadores em fase inicial e posteriormente, nos dois primeiros diagnósticos, constataram-se ganhos. O terceiro diagnóstico revelou-se parcialmente suficiente, pois não permitiu a avaliação da autoimagem desenvolvimental, não patológica, no puerpério. Os papéis maternos, em fase puerperal, são desafiadores e exigentes. A assistência de enfermagem contribuiu para a adaptação à amamentação na mama contra-lateral e para a garantia de nutrição adequada do recém-nascido. O processo perinatalógico ficou robustecido. A amamentação realiza-se com satisfação materna, boa pega e evolução ponderal normal do recém-nascido. Conclusão. O estudo de caso beneficiou o conhecimento, ao abordar temática pouco investigada. A taxonomia NANDA-I necessita porventura de maior aprofundamento no domínio da autoperceção, mais especificamente na autoimagem reportada à fase gravídico-puerperal.

Abstract Background Kidney disease is a rare manifestation of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and its pathological alterations remain poorly described. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical presentation and pathological alterations on kidney biopsy of AS patients and review and discuss the current literature on the issue. Methods: We retrospectively studied the clinical presentation and kidney pathological alterations of 15 Caucasian AS patients submitted to kidney biopsy between October 1985 and March 2021. Results: Patients were predominantly male (66.7%) with median age at the time of kideney biopsy of 47 years [IQR 34 - 62]. Median serum creatinine at presentation was 1.3 mg/dL [IQR 0.9 - 3] and most patients also had either proteinuria (85.7%) and/or hematuria (42.8%). The most common indication for kidney biopsy was nephrotic syndrome (33.3%), followed by acute or rapidly progressive kidney injury (20%) and chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (20%). Chronic interstitial nephritis (CIN) (n=3) and AA amyloidosis (n=3) were the most common diagnosis. Others included IgA nephropathy (IgAN) (n=2), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (n=2), membranous nephropathy (n=1), and immune complex-mediated membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (IC-MPGN)(n=1). Conclusions: We present one of the largest series of biopsy-proven kidney disease in Caucasian AS patients. We found a lower prevalence of IgAN than previously reported in Asian cohorts. We found a higher prevalence of CIN and a lower prevalence of AA amyloidosis than that described in previous series of Caucasian patients. We also present the first case of AS-associated IC-MPGN. (AS issue Methods 1 198 2021 Results 66.7% 667 66 7 (66.7% 4 IQR 3 62. 62 . 62] 13 1. mgdL mg dL 09 0 9 0. 85.7% 857 85 (85.7% andor 42.8%. 428 42.8% 42 8 (42.8%) 33.3%, 333 33.3% , 33 (33.3%) 20% 20 (20% 20%. (CIN n=3 n3 n (n=3 diagnosis (IgAN n=2, n2 n=2 2 (n=2) n=1, n1 n=1 (n=1) complexmediated complex mediated ICMPGNn=1. ICMPGNn1 ICMPGNn IC MPGN (IC-MPGN)(n=1) Conclusions biopsyproven proven cohorts ASassociated associated ICMPGN. ICMPGN MPGN. IC-MPGN 19 202 66.7 6 (66.7 85.7 (85.7 42.8 (42.8% 33.3 (33.3% (20 n= (n= (n=2 (n=1 ICMPGNn=1 (IC-MPGN)(n=1 66. (66. 85. (85. 42. (42.8 33. (33.3 (2 (n ICMPGNn= (IC-MPGN)(n= (66 (85 (42. (33. ( (IC-MPGN)(n (6 (8 (42 (33 (4 (3

Resumo Antecedentes: A doença renal é uma manifestação rara de espondilite anquilosante (EA) e as suas alterações patológicas permanecem pouco descritas. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a apresentação clínica e alterações patológicas na biópsia renal de doentes com EA bem como rever e discutir a literatura atual sobre o assunto. Métodos: Estudamos retrospectivamente a apresentação clínica e alterações patológicas renais de 15 doentes caucasianos com EA submetidos a biópsia renal entre Outubro de 1985 e Março de 2021. Resultados: Os doentes eram predominantemente homens (66,7%) com idade mediana no momento da biópsia de 47 anos [IIQ 34 - 62]. A creatinina sérica mediana na apresentação foi de 1,3 mg/dL [IIQ 0,9 - 3] e a maioria dos pacientes apresentava também proteinúria (85,7%) e/ou hematúria (42,8%). A indicação mais comum para biópsia renal foi a síndrome nefrótica (33,3%), seguida de lesão renal aguda ou rapidamente progressiva (20%) e doença renal crónica de etiologia desconhecida (20%). A Nefrite intersticial crónica (NIC) (n=3) e a amiloidose AA (n=3) foram os diagnósticos mais comuns. Outros incluíram nefropatia por IgA (NIgA) (n=2), glomeruloesclerose segmentar focal (n=2), nefropatia membranosa (n=1) e glomerulonefrite membranoproliferativa mediada por imunocomplexos (GNMP-IC) (n=1). Conclusões: Apresentamos uma das maiores séries de doenças renais comprovadas por biópsia em doentes caucasianos com EA. Encontramos uma prevalência de NIgA menor do que a relatada anteriormente em coortes asiáticas. Encontramos uma maior prevalência de NIC e uma prevalência menor de amiloidose AA do que a descrita em séries anteriores de pacientes caucasianos. Também apresentamos o primeiro caso de GNMP-IC associada à EA. Antecedentes (EA descritas assunto Métodos 1 198 2021 Resultados 66,7% 667 66 7 (66,7% 4 IIQ 3 62. 62 . 62] 13 1, mgdL mg dL 09 0 9 0, 85,7% 857 85 (85,7% eou 42,8%. 428 42,8% 42 8 (42,8%) 33,3%, 333 33,3% , 33 (33,3%) 20% 20 (20% 20%. (NIC n=3 n3 n (n=3 comuns (NIgA n=2, n2 n=2 2 (n=2) n=1 n1 (n=1 GNMPIC GNMP IC (GNMP-IC n=1. Conclusões asiáticas 19 202 66,7 6 (66,7 85,7 (85,7 42,8 (42,8% 33,3 (33,3% (20 n= (n= (n=2 66, (66, 85, (85, 42, (42,8 33, (33,3 (2 (n (66 (85 (42, (33, ( (6 (8 (42 (33 (4 (3